Articles | Volume 23, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Nov 2019
Research article |
| 18 Nov 2019
| 18 Nov 2019
Quantification of soil water balance components based on continuous soil moisture measurement and the Richards equation in an irrigated agricultural field of a desert oasis
Zhongkai Li
Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Wenzhi Zhao
Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Qiyue Yang
Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Rong Yang
Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jintao Liu
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic
Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Related authors
Zhongkai Li, Hu Liu, Wenzhi Zhao, Qiyue Yang, Rong Yang, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-518, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A database of soil moisture measurements was used to test the potential of a soil moisture database in estimating the SWBCs. Although the planting of the past decade have significantly increased the soils' water-holding ability, the magnitude of increase in most of the parameters was independent of the treatments. Significant variances were observed among the plots in both the cumulative irrigation volumes and deep drainages, and the ET demands for all the plots behaved pretty much the same.
Shuhong Wang, Jintao Liu, Hamish D. Pritchard, Linghong Ke, Xiao Qiao, Jie Zhang, Weihua Xiao, and Yuyan Zhou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 933–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed and compared the glacier areal retreat rate and surface thinning rate and the effects of topography, debris cover and proglacial lakes in the west Nyainqentanglha Range (WNT) during 1976–2000 and 2000–2020. Our study will help us to better understand the glacier change characteristics in the WNT on a long timescale and will serve as a reference for glacier changes in other regions on the Tibetan Plateau.
Jiarong Wang, Xi Chen, Man Gao, Qi Hu, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3901–3920, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The accelerated climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau after 1997 has strong consequences for hydrology, geography, and social wellbeing. In hydrology, the change in streamflow as a result of changes in dynamic water storage originating from glacier melt and permafrost thawing in a warming climate directly affects the available water resources for societies of some of the most populated nations in the world.
Lihui Luo, Yanli Zhuang, Mingyi Zhang, Zhongqiong Zhang, Wei Ma, Wenzhi Zhao, Lin Zhao, Li Wang, Yanmei Shi, Ze Zhang, Quntao Duan, Deyu Tian, and Qingguo Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4035–4052, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4035-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4035-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We implement a variety of sensors to monitor the hydrological and thermal deformation between permafrost slopes and engineering projects in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We present the integrated observation dataset from the 1950s to 2020, explaining the instrumentation, processing, data visualisation, and quality control.
Lu Lin, Man Gao, Jintao Liu, Jiarong Wang, Shuhong Wang, Xi Chen, and Hu Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1145–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, recession flow analysis – assuming nonlinearized outflow from aquifers into streams – was used to quantify active groundwater storage in a headwater catchment with high glacierization and large-scale frozen ground on the Tibetan Plateau. Hence, this work provides a perspective to clarify the impact of glacial retreat and frozen ground degradation due to climate change on hydrological processes.
Man Gao, Xi Chen, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-453, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-453, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Lu Lin, Man Gao, Jintao Liu, Xi Chen, and Hu Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-541, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-541, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In the paper, recession flow analysis assuming nonlinearized outflow from aquifers into streams was used to quantify active groundwater storage in a headwater catchment with larger glacierization and large-scale frozen ground on the Tibetan Plateau, which provides a perspective to clarify the way of glacial retreat and frozen ground degradation on hydrological processes. We are very grateful to all editors and reviewers for their efforts to help us improve the quality of the manuscript.
Zhongkai Li, Hu Liu, Wenzhi Zhao, Qiyue Yang, Rong Yang, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-518, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A database of soil moisture measurements was used to test the potential of a soil moisture database in estimating the SWBCs. Although the planting of the past decade have significantly increased the soils' water-holding ability, the magnitude of increase in most of the parameters was independent of the treatments. Significant variances were observed among the plots in both the cumulative irrigation volumes and deep drainages, and the ET demands for all the plots behaved pretty much the same.
Ning Qiu, Xi Chen, Qi Hu, Jintao Liu, Richao Huang, and Man Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2891–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial runoff is decomposed into a deterministic trend and deviations from it caused by stochastic fluctuations which are described by Budyko method and stochastic interpolation. This coupled method is applied to spatially interpolate runoff in the Huaihe River basin of China. Results show that the coupled method reduces the error in overestimating low runoff and underestimating high runoff suffered by the other two methods, so it improves the prediction accuracy of the mean annual runoff.
Related subject area
Subject: Ecohydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Regional patterns and drivers of modelled water flows along environmental, functional, and stand structure gradients in Spanish forests
Machine learning and global vegetation: random forests for downscaling and gap filling
Unraveling phenological and stomatal responses to flash drought and implications for water and carbon budgets
Bias-blind and bias-aware assimilation of leaf area index into the Noah-MP land surface model over Europe
Technical note: Seamless extraction and analysis of river networks in R
Advancing stream classification and hydrologic modeling of ungaged basins for environmental flow management in coastal southern California
Improving regional climate simulations based on a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method
A comprehensive assessment of in situ and remote sensing soil moisture data assimilation in the APSIM model for improving agricultural forecasting across the US Midwest
Does non-stationarity induced by multiyear drought invalidate the paired-catchment method?
Is the reputation of Eucalyptus plantations for using more water than Pinus plantations justified?
Attributing trend in naturalized streamflow to temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in the Yellow River basin of China
Impacts of different types of El Niño events on water quality over the Corn Belt, United States
Leveraging sap flow data in a catchment-scale hybrid model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates
Coupled modelling of hydrological processes and grassland production in two contrasting climates
Does maximization of net carbon profit enable the prediction of vegetation behaviour in savanna sites along a precipitation gradient?
Modelling the artificial forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root–soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China
A deep learning hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach for estimating evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration
Vegetation greening weakened the capacity of water supply to China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling
How does water yield respond to mountain pine beetle infestation in a semiarid forest?
Daily soil temperature modeling improved by integrating observed snow cover and estimated soil moisture in the USA Great Plains
Plant hydraulic transport controls transpiration sensitivity to soil water stress
Drought onset and propagation into soil moisture and grassland vegetation responses during the 2012–2019 major drought in Southern California
Quantifying the effects of urban green space on water partitioning and ages using an isotope-based ecohydrological model
Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO2 fertilization on global terrestrial runoff over 1982–2010: accounting for aboveground and belowground vegetation–CO2 effects
Global ecosystem-scale plant hydraulic traits retrieved using model–data fusion
Quantifying the effects of land use and model scale on water partitioning and water ages using tracer-aided ecohydrological models
Quantification of ecohydrological sensitivities and their influencing factors at the seasonal scale
Canopy temperature and heat stress are increased by compound high air temperature and water stress and reduced by irrigation – a modeling analysis
Evaluating a landscape-scale daily water balance model to support spatially continuous representation of flow intermittency throughout stream networks
Testing water fluxes and storage from two hydrology configurations within the ORCHIDEE land surface model across US semi-arid sites
Novel Keeling-plot-based methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor
Disentangling temporal and population variability in plant root water uptake from stable isotopic analysis: when rooting depth matters in labeling studies
Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets?
Spatial variability of mean daily estimates of actual evaporation from remotely sensed imagery and surface reference data
Mapping the suitability of groundwater-dependent vegetation in a semi-arid Mediterranean area
Modeling boreal forest evapotranspiration and water balance at stand and catchment scales: a spatial approach
The 18O ecohydrology of a grassland ecosystem – predictions and observations
A comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for discharge and nitrate-nitrogen loads involving multiple discrete model inputs under future changing conditions
Dynamic responses of DOC and DIC transport to different flow regimes in a subtropical small mountainous river
Evaluation of ORCHIDEE-MICT-simulated soil moisture over China and impacts of different atmospheric forcing data
Testing an optimality-based model of rooting zone water storage capacity in temperate forests
A regional-scale ecological risk framework for environmental flow evaluations
Climate-driven disturbances in the San Juan River sub-basin of the Colorado River
Dominant effect of increasing forest biomass on evapotranspiration: interpretations of movement in Budyko space
Modeling the potential impacts of climate change on the water table level of selected forested wetlands in the southeastern United States
Calibration of a parsimonious distributed ecohydrological daily model in a data-scarce basin by exclusively using the spatio-temporal variation of NDVI
Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows in aquatic microhabitats
Waning habitats due to climate change: the effects of changes in streamflow and temperature at the rear edge of the distribution of a cold-water fish
Cosmic-ray neutron transport at a forest field site: the sensitivity to various environmental conditions with focus on biomass and canopy interception
Jesús Sánchez-Dávila, Miquel De Cáceres, Jordi Vayreda, and Javier Retana
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3037–3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forest blue water is determined by the climate, functional traits, and stand structure variables. The leaf area index (LAI) is the main driver of the trade-off between the blue and green water. Blue water is concentrated in the autumn–winter season, and deciduous trees can increase the relative blue water. The leaf phenology and seasonal distribution are determinants for the relative blue water.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Sandra M. Hauswirth, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2357–2374, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought often manifests itself in vegetation; however, obtaining high-resolution remote-sensing products that are spatially and temporally consistent is difficult. In this study, we show that machine learning (ML) can fill data gaps in existing products. We also demonstrate that ML can be used as a downscaling tool. By relying on ML for gap filling and downscaling, we can obtain a more holistic view of the impacts of drought on vegetation.
Nicholas K. Corak, Jason A. Otkin, Trent W. Ford, and Lauren E. L. Lowman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate how dynamic vegetation interacts with the atmosphere during extreme drought events known as flash droughts. We find that plants nearly halt water and carbon exchanges and limit their growth during flash drought. This work has implications for how to account for changes in vegetation state during extreme drought events when making predictions under future climate scenarios.
Samuel Scherrer, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Zdenko Heyvaert, Michel Bechtold, Clement Albergel, Tarek S. El-Madany, and Wouter Dorigo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4087–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored different options for data assimilation (DA) of the remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI). We found strong biases between LAI predicted by Noah-MP and observations. LAI DA that does not take these biases into account can induce unphysical patterns in the resulting LAI and flux estimates and leads to large changes in the climatology of root zone soil moisture. We tested two bias-correction approaches and explored alternative solutions to treating bias in LAI DA.
Luca Carraro
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3733–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mathematical models are key to the study of environmental processes in rivers. Such models often require information on river morphology from geographic information system (GIS) software, which hinders the use of replicable workflows. Here I present rivnet, an R package for simple, robust, GIS-free extraction and analysis of river networks. The package is designed so as to require minimal user input and is oriented towards ecohydrological, ecological and biogeochemical modeling.
Stephen K. Adams, Brian P. Bledsoe, and Eric D. Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3021–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing streams for environmental flows involves prioritizing healthy stream ecosystems while distributing water resources. Classifying streams of similar types is a useful step in developing environmental flows. Environmental flows are often developed on data-poor streams that must be modeled. This paper has developed a new method of classification that prioritizes model accuracy. The new method advances environmental streamflow management and modeling of data-poor watersheds.
Xinlei He, Yanping Li, Shaomin Liu, Tongren Xu, Fei Chen, Zhenhua Li, Zhe Zhang, Rui Liu, Lisheng Song, Ziwei Xu, Zhixing Peng, and Chen Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1583–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the role of integrating vegetation and multi-source soil moisture observations in regional climate models via a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method. In particular, we show that this approach can improve land surface fluxes, near-surface atmospheric conditions, and land–atmosphere interactions by implementing detailed land characterization information in basins with complex underlying surfaces.
Marissa Kivi, Noemi Vergopolan, and Hamze Dokoohaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1173–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to provide a framework for direct integration of soil moisture observations collected from soil sensors and satellite imagery into process-based crop models for improving the representation of agricultural systems. The performance of this framework was evaluated across 19 sites times years for crop yield, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture, tile flow drainage, and nitrate leaching.
Yunfan Zhang, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, Shujing Qin, Liu Liu, Pan Liu, and Yanghe Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6379–6397, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multiyear drought has been demonstrated to cause non-stationary rainfall–runoff relationship. But whether changes can invalidate the most fundamental method (i.e., paired-catchment method (PCM)) for separating vegetation change impacts is still unknown. Using paired-catchment data with 10-year drought, PCM is shown to still be reliable even in catchments with non-stationarity. A new framework is further proposed to separate impacts of two non-stationary drivers, using paired-catchment data.
Don A. White, Shiqi Ren, Daniel S. Mendham, Francisco Balocchi-Contreras, Richard P. Silberstein, Dean Meason, Andrés Iroumé, and Pablo Ramirez de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5357–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Of all the planting options for wood production and carbon storage, Eucalyptus species provoke the greatest concern about their effect on water resources. We compared Eucalyptus and Pinus species (the two most widely planted genera) by fitting a simple model to the published estimates of their annual water use. There was no significant difference between the two genera. This has important implications for the global debate around Eucalyptus and is an option for carbon forests.
Zhihui Wang, Qiuhong Tang, Daoxi Wang, Peiqing Xiao, Runliang Xia, Pengcheng Sun, and Feng Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5291–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Variable infiltration capacity simulation considering dynamic vegetation types and structural parameters is able to better capture the effect of temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in hydrological regimes. Vegetation greening including interannual LAI and intra-annual LAI temporal pattern change induced by large-scale ecological restoration and non-vegetation underlying surface change played dominant roles in the natural streamflow reduction of the Yellow River basin.
Pan Chen, Wenhong Li, and Keqi He
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4875–4892, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assessed changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in response to eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events over the Corn Belt, USA, using the SWAT model. Results showed that EP (CP) El Niño events improved (exacerbated) water quality in the region. Furthermore, EP El Niño had a much broader and longer impact on water quality at the outlets, but CP El Niño could lead to similar increases in TN/TP loads as EP El Niño at the specific watersheds.
Ralf Loritz, Maoya Bassiouni, Anke Hildebrandt, Sibylle K. Hassler, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4757–4771, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we combine a deep-learning approach that predicts sap flow with a hydrological model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates at the catchment scale. Our results highlight that hybrid-model approaches, combining machine learning with physically based models, are a promising way to improve our ability to make hydrological predictions.
Nicholas Jarvis, Jannis Groh, Elisabet Lewan, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Walter Durka, Cornelia Baessler, Thomas Pütz, Elvin Rufullayev, and Harry Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2277–2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We apply an eco-hydrological model to data on soil water balance and grassland growth obtained at two sites with contrasting climates. Our results show that the grassland in the drier climate had adapted by developing deeper roots, which maintained water supply to the plants in the face of severe drought. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering such plastic responses of plant traits to environmental stress in the modelling of soil water balance and plant growth under climate change.
Remko C. Nijzink, Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Stanislaus J. Schymanski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 525–550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most models that simulate water and carbon exchanges with the atmosphere rely on information about vegetation, but optimality models predict vegetation properties based on general principles. Here, we use the Vegetation Optimality Model (VOM) to predict vegetation behaviour at five savanna sites. The VOM overpredicted vegetation cover and carbon uptake during the wet seasons but also performed similarly to conventional models, showing that vegetation optimality is a promising approach.
Hongyu Li, Yi Luo, Lin Sun, Xiangdong Li, Changkun Ma, Xiaolei Wang, Ting Jiang, and Haoyang Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 17–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drying soil layers (DSLs) have been extensively reported in artificial forestland in the Loess Plateau, China, which has limited water resources and deep loess. To address this issue relating to plant root–soil water interactions, this study developed a root growth model that simulates both the dynamic rooting depth and fine-root distribution. Evaluation vs. field data proved a positive performance. Long-term simulation reproduced the evolution process of the DSLs and revealed their mechanisms.
Jiancong Chen, Baptiste Dafflon, Anh Phuong Tran, Nicola Falco, and Susan S. Hubbard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6041–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The novel hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach uses a long short-term memory recurrent neural network to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) with only meteorological and remote-sensing inputs. We developed four use cases to demonstrate the applicability of HPM. The results indicate HPM is capable of providing ET and Reco estimations in challenging mountainous systems and enhances our understanding of watershed dynamics at sparsely monitored watersheds.
Jiehao Zhang, Yulong Zhang, Ge Sun, Conghe Song, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Jiangfeng Li, Ning Liu, Kerong Zhang, Quanfa Zhang, and Lu Hao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5623–5640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify how vegetation greening impacts the capacity of water supply, we built a hybrid model and conducted a case study using the upper Han River basin (UHRB) that serves as the water source area to the world’s largest water diversion project. Vegetation greening in the UHRB during 2001–2018 induced annual water yield (WY) greatly decreased. Vegetation greening also increased the possibility of drought and reduced a quarter of WY on average during drought periods.
Aaron J. Neill, Christian Birkel, Marco P. Maneta, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4861–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural changes (cover and height of vegetation plus tree canopy characteristics) to forests during regeneration on degraded land affect how water is partitioned between streamflow, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Partitioning most strongly deviates from baseline conditions during earlier stages of regeneration with dense forest, while recovery may be possible as the forest matures and opens out. This has consequences for informing sustainable landscape restoration strategies.
Jianning Ren, Jennifer C. Adam, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Erin J. Hanan, Christina L. Tague, Mingliang Liu, Crystal A. Kolden, and John T. Abatzoglou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4681–4699, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain pine beetle outbreaks have caused widespread tree mortality. While some research shows that water yield increases after trees are killed, many others document no change or a decrease. The climatic and environmental mechanisms driving hydrologic response to tree mortality are not well understood. We demonstrated that the direction of hydrologic response is a function of multiple factors, so previous studies do not necessarily conflict with each other; they represent different conditions.
Haidong Zhao, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Mary Beth Kirkham, Nenghan Wan, and Xiaomao Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4357–4372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study was done to develop an improved soil temperature model for the USA Great Plains by using common weather station variables as inputs. After incorporating knowledge of estimated soil moisture and observed daily snow depth, the improved model showed a near 50 % gain in performance compared to the original model. We conclude that our improved model can better estimate soil temperature at the surface soil layer where most hydrological and biological processes occur.
Brandon P. Sloan, Sally E. Thompson, and Xue Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4259–4274, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plants affect the global water and carbon cycles by modifying their water use and carbon intake in response to soil moisture. Global climate models represent this response with either simple empirical models or complex physical models. We reveal that the latter improves predictions in plants with large flow resistance; however, adding dependence on atmospheric moisture demand to the former matches performance of the latter, leading to a new tool for improving carbon and water cycle predictions.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Michael Bliss Singer, Mark O. Cuthbert, Dar Roberts, Kelly K. Caylor, Romy Sabathier, and John Stella
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3713–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Intensified drying of soil and grassland vegetation is raising the impact of fire severity and extent in Southern California. While browned grassland is a common sight during the dry season, this study has shown that there is a pronounced shift in the timing of senescence, due to changing climate conditions favoring milder winter temperatures and increased precipitation variability. Vegetation may be limited in its ability to adapt to these shifts, as drought periods become more frequent.
Mikael Gillefalk, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Reinhard Hinkelmann, Lena-Marie Kuhlemann, Aaron Smith, Fred Meier, Marco P. Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3635–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions for three urban vegetation types: trees, shrub and grass. The model results showed that evapotranspiration increased in the order shrub < grass < trees during one growing season. Additionally, we could show how
infiltration hotspotscreated by runoff from sealed onto vegetated surfaces can enhance both evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Yuting Yang, Tim R. McVicar, Dawen Yang, Yongqiang Zhang, Shilong Piao, Shushi Peng, and Hylke E. Beck
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3411–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed an analytical ecohydrological model that considers three aspects of vegetation response to eCO2 (i.e., stomatal response, LAI response, and rooting depth response) to detect the impact of eCO2 on continental runoff over the past 3 decades globally. Our findings suggest a minor role of eCO2 on the global runoff changes, yet highlight the negative runoff–eCO2 response in semiarid and arid regions which may further threaten the limited water resource there.
Yanlan Liu, Nataniel M. Holtzman, and Alexandra G. Konings
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2399–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of water through plants varies with species-specific traits. To determine how they vary across the world, we mapped the traits that best allowed a model to match microwave satellite data. We also defined average values across a few clusters of trait behavior. These form a tractable solution for use in large-scale models. Transpiration estimates using these clusters were more accurate than if using plant functional types. We expect our maps to improve transpiration forecasts.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Lukas Kleine, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2239–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model on a mixed land use catchment in northeastern Germany to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions at four model grid resolutions. The model's ability to reproduce spatio-temporal flux–storage–age interactions decreases with increasing model grid sizes. Similarly, larger model grids showed vegetation-influenced changes in blue and green water partitioning. Simulations reveal the value of measured soil and stream isotopes for model calibration.
Yiping Hou, Mingfang Zhang, Xiaohua Wei, Shirong Liu, Qiang Li, Tijiu Cai, Wenfei Liu, Runqi Zhao, and Xiangzhuo Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1447–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ecohydrological sensitivity, defined as the response intensity of streamflow to vegetation change, indicates the hydrological sensitivity to vegetation change. The study revealed seasonal ecohydrological sensitivities were highly variable, depending on climate condition and watershed attributes. Dry season ecohydrological sensitivity was mostly determined by topography, soil and vegetation, while wet season ecohydrological sensitivity was mainly controlled by soil, landscape and vegetation.
Xiangyu Luan and Giulia Vico
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1411–1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Crop yield is reduced by heat and water stress, particularly when they co-occur. We quantify the joint effects of (unpredictable) air temperature and soil water availability on crop heat stress via a mechanistic model. Larger but more infrequent precipitation increased crop canopy temperatures. Keeping crops well watered via irrigation could reduce canopy temperature but not enough to always exclude heat damage. Thus, irrigation is only a partial solution to adapt to warmer and drier climates.
Songyan Yu, Hong Xuan Do, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Nick R. Bond, Peirong Lin, and Mark J. Kennard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5279–5295, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There is a growing interest globally in the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of intermittently flowing streams and rivers. We developed an approach to quantify catchment-wide flow intermittency over long time frames. Modelled patterns of flow intermittency in eastern Australia revealed highly dynamic behaviour in space and time. The developed approach is transferable to other parts of the world and can inform hydro-ecological understanding and management of intermittent streams.
Natasha MacBean, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Catherine Ottlé, Nicolas Vuichard, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Kolb, Sabina Dore, Marcy Litvak, and David J. P. Moore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5203–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, 2020
Yusen Yuan, Taisheng Du, Honglang Wang, and Lixin Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4491–4501, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition of ambient water vapor is an important source of atmospheric water vapor and has not been able to be estimated to date using the Keeling plot approach. Here we proposed two new methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor: one using the intersection point method and another relying on the intermediate value theorem.
Valentin Couvreur, Youri Rothfuss, Félicien Meunier, Thierry Bariac, Philippe Biron, Jean-Louis Durand, Patricia Richard, and Mathieu Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3057–3075, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Isotopic labeling of soil water is a broadly used tool for tracing the origin of water extracted by plants and computing root water uptake (RWU) profiles with multisource mixing models. In this study, we show how a method such as this may misconstrue time series of xylem water isotopic composition as the temporal dynamics of RWU by simulating data collected during a tall fescue rhizotron experiment with an isotope-enabled physical soil–root model accounting for variability in root traits.
Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, and Fiachra E. O'Loughlin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1031–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A hydrological model was used to compare different parameterisation strategies in view of predicting ecologically relevant streamflow indices in 33 Irish catchments. Compared for 14 different periods, a strategy fitting simulated and observed streamflow indices yielded better performance than fitting simulated and observed streamflow, but it also yielded a less consistent ensemble of parameter sets, suggesting that these indices may not be hydrologically relevant for model parameterisation.
Robert N. Armstrong, John W. Pomeroy, and Lawrence W. Martz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4891–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Digital and thermal images taken near midday were used to scale daily point observations of key factors driving actual-evaporation estimates across a complex Canadian Prairie landscape. Point estimates of actual evaporation agreed well with observed values via eddy covariance. Impacts of spatial variations on areal estimates were minor, and no covariance was found between model parameters driving the energy term. The methods can be applied further to improve land surface parameterisations.
Inês Gomes Marques, João Nascimento, Rita M. Cardoso, Filipe Miguéns, Maria Teresa Condesso de Melo, Pedro M. M. Soares, Célia M. Gouveia, and Cathy Kurz Besson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3525–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean cork woodlands are very particular agroforestry systems present in a confined area of the Mediterranean Basin. They are of great importance due to their high socioeconomic value; however, a decrease in water availability has put this system in danger. In this paper we build a model that explains this system's tree-species distribution in southern Portugal from environmental variables. This could help predict their future distribution under changing climatic conditions.
Samuli Launiainen, Mingfu Guan, Aura Salmivaara, and Antti-Jussi Kieloaho
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3457–3480, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest evapotranspiration and water cycle is modeled at stand and catchment scale using physiological and physical principles, open GIS data and daily weather data. The approach can predict daily evapotranspiration well across Nordic coniferous-dominated stands and successfully reproduces daily streamflow and annual evapotranspiration across boreal headwater catchments in Finland. The model is modular and simple and designed for practical applications over large areas using open data.
Regina T. Hirl, Hans Schnyder, Ulrike Ostler, Rudi Schäufele, Inga Schleip, Sylvia H. Vetter, Karl Auerswald, Juan C. Baca Cabrera, Lisa Wingate, Margaret M. Barbour, and Jérôme Ogée
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2581–2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the system-scale understanding of the propagation of the oxygen isotope signal (δ18O) of rain through soil and xylem to leaf water in a temperate drought-prone grassland. Biweekly δ18O observations of the water pools made during seven growing seasons were accurately reproduced by the 18O-enabled process-based model MuSICA. While water uptake occurred from shallow soil depths throughout dry and wet periods, leaf water 18O enrichment responded to both soil and atmospheric moisture.
Christoph Schürz, Brigitta Hollosi, Christoph Matulla, Alexander Pressl, Thomas Ertl, Karsten Schulz, and Bano Mehdi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1211–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
For two Austrian catchments we simulated discharge and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) considering future changes of climate, land use, and point source emissions together with the impact of different setups and parametrizations of the implemented eco-hydrological model. In a comprehensive analysis we identified the dominant sources of uncertainty for the simulation of discharge and NO3-N and further examined how specific properties of the model inputs control the future simulation results.
Yu-Ting Shih, Pei-Hao Chen, Li-Chin Lee, Chien-Sen Liao, Shih-Hao Jien, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Tsung-Yu Lee, Thomas Hein, Franz Zehetner, Chung-Te Chang, and Jr-Chuan Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6579–6590, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
DOC and DIC export in Taiwan shows that the annual DOC and DIC fluxes were 2.7–4.8 and 48.4–54.3 ton C km2 yr1, respectively, which were approximately 2 and 20 times higher than the global means of 1.4 and 2.6 ton C km2 yr1, respectively.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Matthieu Guimberteau, Xuhui Wang, Dan Zhu, Fabienne Maignan, Shushi Peng, Shilong Piao, Jan Polcher, Feng Zhou, Hyungjun Kim, and other China-Trend-Stream project members
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5463–5484, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations in China were performed in ORCHIDEE driven by different forcing datasets: GSWP3, PGF, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI. Simulated soil moisture was compared to several datasets to evaluate the ability of ORCHIDEE in reproducing soil moisture dynamics. Results showed that ORCHIDEE soil moisture coincided well with other datasets in wet areas and in non-irrigated areas. It suggested that the ORCHIDEE-MICT was suitable for further hydrological studies in China.
Matthias J. R. Speich, Heike Lischke, and Massimiliano Zappa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4097–4124, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To simulate the water balance of, e.g., a forest plot, it is important to estimate the maximum volume of water available to plants. This depends on soil properties and the average depth of roots. Rooting depth has proven challenging to estimate. Here, we applied a model assuming that plants dimension their roots to optimize their carbon budget. We compared its results with values obtained by calibrating a dynamic water balance model. In most cases, there is good agreement between both methods.
Gordon C. O'Brien, Chris Dickens, Eleanor Hines, Victor Wepener, Retha Stassen, Leo Quayle, Kelly Fouchy, James MacKenzie, P. Mark Graham, and Wayne G. Landis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 957–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In global water resource allocation, robust tools are required to establish environmental flows. In addition, tools should characterize past, present and future consequences of altered flows and non-flow variables to social and ecological management objectives. PROBFLO is a risk assessment method designed to meet best practice principles for regional-scale holistic E-flow assessments. The approach has been developed in Africa and applied across the continent.
Katrina E. Bennett, Theodore J. Bohn, Kurt Solander, Nathan G. McDowell, Chonggang Xu, Enrique Vivoni, and Richard S. Middleton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 709–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We applied the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model to examine scenarios of change under climate and landscape disturbances in the San Juan River basin, a major sub-watershed of the Colorado River basin. Climate change coupled with landscape disturbance leads to reduced streamflow in the San Juan River basin. Disturbances are expected to be widespread in this region. Therefore, accounting for these changes within the context of climate change is imperative for water resource planning.
Fernando Jaramillo, Neil Cory, Berit Arheimer, Hjalmar Laudon, Ype van der Velde, Thomas B. Hasper, Claudia Teutschbein, and Johan Uddling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Which is the dominant effect on evapotranspiration in northern forests, an increase by recent forests expansion or a decrease by the water use response due to increasing CO2 concentrations? We determined the dominant effect during the period 1961–2012 in 65 Swedish basins. We used the Budyko framework to study the hydroclimatic movements in Budyko space. Our findings suggest that forest expansion is the dominant driver of long-term and large-scale evapotranspiration changes.
Jie Zhu, Ge Sun, Wenhong Li, Yu Zhang, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Steve G. McNulty, John S. King, Mukesh Kumar, and Xuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6289–6305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Forested wetlands provide myriad ecosystem services threatened by climate change. This study develops empirical hydrologic models by synthesizing hydrometeorological data across the southeastern US. We used global climate projections to model hydrological changes for five wetlands. We found all wetlands are predicted to become drier by the end of this century. This study suggests that climate change may substantially affect wetland biogeochemical cycles and other functions in the future.
Guiomar Ruiz-Pérez, Julian Koch, Salvatore Manfreda, Kelly Caylor, and Félix Francés
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6235–6251, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6235-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6235-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Plants are shaping the landscape and controlling the hydrological cycle, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Remote sensing data appears as an appealing source of information for vegetation monitoring, in particular in areas with a limited amount of available field data. Here, we present an example of how remote sensing data can be exploited in a data-scarce basin. We propose a mathematical methodology that can be used as a springboard for future applications.
Rui Rivaes, Isabel Boavida, José M. Santos, António N. Pinheiro, and Teresa Ferreira
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5763–5780, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5763-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5763-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the influence of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. After a decade, environmental flows disregarding riparian requirements promoted riparian degradation and consequently the change in the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and the modification of the available habitat area for fish species. Environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to sustain the fish habitat close to the natural condition.
José María Santiago, Rafael Muñoz-Mas, Joaquín Solana-Gutiérrez, Diego García de Jalón, Carlos Alonso, Francisco Martínez-Capel, Javier Pórtoles, Robert Monjo, and Jaime Ribalaygua
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4073–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4073-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4073-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-time-resolution models for streamflow and stream temperature are used in this study to predict future brown trout habitat loss. Flow reductions falling down to 51 % of current values and water temperature increases growing up to 4 ºC are predicted. Streamflow and temperature will act synergistically affecting fish. We found that the thermal response of rivers is influenced by basin geology and, consequently, geology will be also an influent factor in the cold-water fish distribution shift.
Mie Andreasen, Karsten H. Jensen, Darin Desilets, Marek Zreda, Heye R. Bogena, and Majken C. Looms
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1875–1894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1875-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1875-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The cosmic-ray method holds a potential for quantifying canopy interception and biomass. We use measurements and modeling of thermal and epithermal neutron intensity in a forest to examine this potential. Canopy interception is a variable important to forest hydrology, yet difficult to monitor remotely. Forest growth impacts the carbon-cycle and can be used to mitigate climate changes by carbon sequestration in biomass. An efficient method to monitor tree growth is therefore of high relevance.
Cited articles
Abbasi, F., Feyen, J., and Genuchten, M. T. V.: Two-dimensional simulation of water flow and solute transport below furrows: model calibration and validation, J. Hydrol., 290, 63–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.11.028, 2004.
Abu, S. T. and Abubakar, I. U.: Evaluating the effects of tillage techniques on soil hydro-physical properties in Guinea Savanna of Nigeria, Soil Till. Res., 126, 159–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.003, 2013.
Ács, F.: On Transpiration and Soil Moisture Content Sensitivity to Soil
Hydrophysical Data, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 115, 473–497,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-004-5937-8, 2005.
Allen, R., Irmak, A., Trezza, R., Hendrickx, J. M. H., Bastiaanssen, W., and
Kjaersgaard, J.: Satellite-based ET estimation in agriculture using SEBAL
and METRIC, Hydrol. Process., 25, 4011–4027, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8408, 2011.
Anderson, W. B., Zaitchik, B. F., Hain, C. R., Anderson, M. C., Yilmaz, M. T., Mecikalski, J., and Schultz, L.: Towards an integrated soil moisture
drought monitor for East Africa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2893–2913, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2893-2012, 2012.
Ascough, G. W.,= and Kiker, G. A.: The effect of irrigation uniformity on
irrigation water requirements, Water SA, 28, 235–241,
https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v28i2.4890, 2002.
Babcock, B. A. and Blackmer, A. M.: The Value of Reducing Temporal Input
Nonuniformities, J. Agr. Resour. Econ., 17, 335–347, 1992.
Bachmann, J., Horton, R., Grant, S. A., and Van der Ploeg, R.: Temperature
dependence of water retention curves for wettable and water-repellent soils,
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 66, 44–52, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.4400, 2002.
Baldocchi, D. D., Xu, L., and Kiang, N.: How plant functional-type, weather,
seasonal drought, and soil physical properties alter water and energy fluxes
of an oak–grass savanna and an annual grassland, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 123, 13–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.11.006, 2004.
Bautista, E., and Wallender, W. W.: Reliability of Optimized Furrow-Infiltration Parameters, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 119, 784–800,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:5(784), 1993.
Bethune, M. G., Selle, B., and Wang, Q. J.: Understanding and predicting
deep percolation under surface irrigation, Water Resour. Res., 44, 681–687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006380, 2008.
Bourazanis, G., Rizos, S., and Kerkides, P.: Soil water balance in the
presence of a shallow water table, in: Proceedings of 9th World Congress,
June 2015, Istanbul, Turkey, 119–142, 2015.
Breña Naranjo, J. A., Weiler, M., and Stahl, K.: Sensitivity of a data-driven soil water balance model to estimate summer evapotranspiration along a forest chronosequence, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3461–3473, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3461-2011, 2011.
Campbell, G. S. and Diaz, R. (Eds.): Simplified soil-water balance models to predict crop transpiration, in: Drought Research Priorities for the Dryland Tropics, edited by: Bidinger, F. R. and Johansen, C., ICRISAT (International
Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics), Patancheru, India,
15–26, 1988.
Celia, M. A., Bouloutas, E. T., and Zarba, R. L.: A general mass-conservative numerical solution for the unsaturated flow equation, Water Resour. Res., 26, 1483–1496, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i007p01483, 1990.
Chen, R., Kang, E., Ji, X., Yang, J., and Wang, J.: An hourly solar radiation model under actual weather and terrain conditions: A case study in Heihe river basin, Energy, 32, 1148–1157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.006, 2007.
Chen, Y., Niu, J., Kang, S., and Zhang, X.: Effects of irrigation on water and energy balances in the Heihe River basin using VIC model under different
irrigation scenarios, Sci. Total Environ., 645, 1183–1193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.254, 2018.
Costa-Cabral, M. C., Richey, J. E., Goteti, G., Lettenmaier, D. P., Feldkotter, C., and Snidvongs, A.: Landscape structure and use, climate, and
water movement in the Mekong River basin, Hydrol. Process., 22, 1731–1746, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6740, 2008.
Crosbie, R. S., McEwan, K. L., Jolly, I. D., Holland, K. L., Lamontagne, S.,
Moe, K. G., and Simmons, C. T.: Salinization risk in semi-arid floodplain
wetlands subjected to engineered wetting and drying cycles, Hydrol. Process., 23, 3440–3452, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7445, 2009.
Dejen, Z. A.: Hydraulic and operational performance of irrigation schemes in
view of water saving and sustainability: sugar estates and community managed
schemes in Ethiopia, CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2015.
Deng, X. P., Shan, L., Zhang, H., and Turner, N. C.: Improving agricultural
water use efficiency in arid and semiarid areas of China, Agr. Water Manage., 80, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.021, 2006.
Dolman, A. and De Jeu, R.: Evaporation in focus, Nat. Geosci., 3, 296–296, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo849, 2010.
Dong, X., Xu, H., and Pu, J.: Extraction of Remote Sensing Information of
Spring Crops Under Support of GPS and GIS in Yunnan Province, Agr. Meteorol., 24, 35–37, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2003.04.011, 2003.
Fares, A. and Alva, A. K.: Evaluation of capacitance probes for optimal
irrigation of citrus through soil moisture monitoring in an entisol profile,
Irrig. Sci., 19, 57–64, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002710050001, 2000.
Folhes, M. T., Rennó, C. D., and Soares, J. V.: Remote sensing for
irrigation water management in the semi-arid Northeast of Brazil, Agr. Water Manage., 96, 1398–1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.04.021, 2009.
Fu, B., Li, S., Yu, X., Ping, Y., Yu, G., Feng, R., and Zhuang, X.: Chinese
ecosystem research network: Progress and perspectives, Ecol.
Complex., 7, 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econom.2010.02.007, 2010.
Gao, H. and Shao, M.: Effects of temperature changes on soil hydraulic
properties, Soil Till. Res., 153, 145–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.003, 2015.
Gao, L., Tian, F., Ni, G., and Hu, H.: Experimental study on soil water-salt
movement and irrigation scheduling for cotton under mulched drip irrigation
condition, J. Hydraul. Eng., 41, 1483–1490, https://doi.org/10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2010.12.014, 2010.
Gardner, W. and Mayhugh, M.: Solutions and Tests of the Diffusion Equation for the Movement of Water in Soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 22, 197–201, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200030003x, 1958.
Grayson, R. B., Blöschl, G., Willgoose, G. R., and Mcmahon, T. A.: Observed spatial organization of soil moisture and its relation to terrain
indices, Water Resour. Res., 35, 797–810, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900065, 1999.
Guderle, M. and Hildebrandt, A.: Using measured soil water contents to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake profiles – a comparative study, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 409–425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-409-2015, 2015.
Haddeland, I., Lettenmaier, D. P., and Skaugen, T.: Effects of irrigation on
the water and energy balances of the Colorado and Mekong river basins, J. Hydrol., 324, 210–223, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.028, 2006.
Hamblin, A. P.: The influence of soil structure on water movement, crop root
growth, and water uptake, Adv. Agron., 38, 95–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60674-4, 1985.
Hanks, R. J. and Bowers, S. A.: Numerical Solution of the Moisture Flow Equation for Infiltration into Layered Soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 26, 530–534, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1962.03615995002600060007x, 1962.
Hirobe, M., Ohte, N., Karasawa, N., Zhang, G. S., Wang, L. H., and Yoshikawa, K.: Plant species effect on the spatial patterns of soil properties in the Mu-us desert ecosystem, Inner Mongolia, China, Plant Soil, 234, 195–205, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017943030924, 2001.
Hu, K., Li, B., Chen, D., Zhang, Y., and Edis, R.: Simulation of nitrate
leaching under irrigated maize on sandy soil in desert oasis in Inner Mongolia, China, Agr. Water Manage., 95, 1180–1188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.05.001, 2008.
Ibrom, A., Dellwik, E., Flyvbjerg, H., Jensen, N. O., and Pilegaard, K.: Strong low-pass filtering effects on water vapour flux measurements with
closed-path eddy correlation systems, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 147, 140–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.07.007, 2007.
Jalota, S. K. and Arora, V. K.: Model-based assessment of water balance
components under different cropping systems in north-west India, Agr. Water Manage., 57, 75–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00049-5, 2002.
Ji, X., Kang, E., Chen, R., Zhao, W., Zhang, Z., and Jin, B.: A mathematical
model for simulating water balances in cropped sandy soil with conventional
flood irrigation applied, Agr. Water Manage., 87, 337–346,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.011, 2007.
Jia, Y., Li, F., Wang, X., and Yang, S.: Soil water and alfalfa yields as
affected by alternating ridges and furrows in rainfall harvest in a semiarid
environment, Field Crops Res., 97, 167–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.09.009, 2006.
Jiang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, B., He, C., Jin, X., and Bai, X.: Modeling irrigation management for water conservation by DSSAT-maize model in arid
northwestern China, Agr. Water Manage., 177, 37–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.06.014, 2016.
Kallitsari, C., Georgiou, P. E., and Babajimopoulos, C.: Evaluation of Crop
Water-Production Functions under Limited Soil Water Availability with
SWBACROS model, in: Proceedings of the European Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and the Environment World Congress on Computers in Agriculture, July 2011, Prague, 585–596, available at:
http://aims.fao.org/events/8th-EFITA-2011 (last access: 30 September 2019), 2011.
Kang, S., Zhang, L., Liang, Y., Hu, X., Cai, H., and Gu, B.: Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the
Loess Plateau of China, Agr. Water Manage., 55, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00180-9, 2002.
Katsvairo, T., Cox, W. J., and Van Es, H.: Tillage and Rotation Effects on
Soil Physical Characteristics, Agron. J., 94, 299–304, https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0299, 2002.
Keller, A.: Evapotranspiration and Crop Water Productivity: Making Sense of
the Yield-ET Relationship, in: World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, 15 May 2005, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)528, 2005.
Kirnak, H. and Akpinar, Y.: Performance evaluation of TDR soil moisture sensor, Agron. Res., 14, 428–433, 2016.
Lal, R.: Carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems, Environ. Manage., 33, 528–544, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9110-9, 2004.
Li, D., Ji, X., and Zhao, L.: Simulation of Seed Corn Farmland Soil Moisture
Migration Regularity in the Midstream of the Heihe River Basin, Arid Zone Res., 3, 467–475, https://doi.org/10.13866/j.azr.2015.03.08, 2015.
Li, X., Tong, L., Niu, J., Kang, S., Du, T., Li, S., and Ding, R.: Spatio-temporal distribution of irrigation water productivity and its
driving factors for cereal crops in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China, Agr. Water Manage., 179, 55–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.07.010, 2017.
Li, Y., Fuchs, M., Cohen, S., Cohen, Y., and Wallach, R.: Water uptake profile response of corn to soil moisture depletion, Plant Cell Environ., 25, 491–500, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00825.x, 2002.
Liao, R., Yang, P., Wu, W., and Ren, S.: An Inverse Method to Estimate the
Root Water Uptake Source-Sink Term in Soil Water Transport Equation under
the Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer, Plos One, 11, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159936, 2016.
Liu, H. and Lin, H.: Frequency and Control of Subsurface Preferential Flow:
From Pedon to Catchment Scales, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 79, 362, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0330, 2015.
Liu, H., Zhao, W., He, Z., and Liu, J.: Soil moisture dynamics across landscape types in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3328–3341, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10444, 2015.
Liu, W., Hunsaker, D. J., Li, Y., Xie, X., and Wall, G.: Interrelations of
yield, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency from marginal analysis of water production functions, Agr. Water Manage., 56, 143–151,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00011-2, 2002.
Lv, L.: Linking montane soil moisture measurements to evapotranspiration
using inverse numerical modeling, PhD Dissertation, Utah State University,
Utah, USA, 3323, available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1658771061 (last access: 30 September 2019), 2014.
Mbah, C. N., Nwite, J. N., and Njoku, C.: Physical properties of an ultisol
under plastic film and no-mulches and their effect on the yield of maize,
World J. Agr. Sci., 6, 160–165, https://doi.org/10.7537/marsjas050509.04, 2010.
Muñoz-Carpena, R.: Field devices for monitoring soil water content,
edis, university of florida cooperative extension service, Open File Rep. 343, Field devices for monitoring soil water content, edis, university of florida cooperative extension service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, USA, 1–24, available at: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae266 (last access: 30 September 2019), 2004.
Musters, P. A. D. and Bouten, W.: Optimum strategies of measuring soil water contents for calibrating a root water uptake model, J. Hydrol., 227, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(99)00187-0, 2000.
Odofin, A. J., Egharevba, N. A., Babakutigi, A. N., and Eze, P. C.: Drainage
beyond maize root zone in an Alfisol subjected to three land management
systems at Minna, Nigeria, J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage., 3, 216–223, https://doi.org/10.5897/JSSEM11.143, 2012.
Ojha, R., Corradini, C., Morbidelli, R., and Rao, G.: Effective Saturated
Hydraulic Conductivity for Representing Field-Scale Infiltration and Surface
Soil Moisture in Heterogeneous Unsaturated Soils Subjected to Rainfall Events, Water, 9, 134–151, https://doi.org/10.3390/w9020134, 2017.
Porporato, A., D'Odorico, P., Laio, F., Ridolfi, L., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: Ecohydrology of water-controlled ecosystems, Adv. Water Resour., 25, 1335–1348, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00058-1, 2002.
Qin, S., Zhang, J., Dai, H., Wang, D., and Li, D.: Effect of ridge–furrow and plastic-mulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement
of potato in a semi-arid area, Agr. Water Manage., 131, 87–94,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.09.015, 2014.
Quinones, H. and Ruelle, P.: Operative Calibration Methodology of a TDR Sensor for Soil Moisture Monitoring under Irrigated Crops, Subsurf. Sens. Technol. Appl., 2, 31–45, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010114109498, 2001.
Rahgozar, M., Shah, N., and Ross, M. A.: Estimation of Evapotranspiration
and Water Budget Components Using Concurrent Soil Moisture and Water Table
Monitoring, Int. Scholar. Res. Notic., 2012, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/726806, 2012.
Read, D. B., Bengough, A. G., Gregory, P. J., Crawford, J. W., Robinson, D.,
Scrimgeour, C. M., Young, I. M., Zhang, K., and Zhang, X.: Plant roots release phospholipid surfactants that modify the physical and chemical
properties of soil, New Phytol., 157, 315–326, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00665.x, 2003.
Rice, R. C., Bowman, R. S., and Jaynes, D. B.: Percolation of water below an
irrigated field, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 855–859,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000040005x, 1986.
Rong, Y.: Estimation of maize evapotranspiration and yield under different
deficit irrigation on a sandy farmland in Northwest China, Afr. J. Agr. Res., 7, 4698–4707, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.1213, 2012.
Salazar, O., Wesström, I., and Joel, A.: Evaluation of DRAINMOD using
saturated hydraulic conductivity estimated by a pedotransfer function model,
Agr. Water Manage., 95, 1135–1143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.04.011, 2008.
Salem, H. M., Valero, C., Muñoz, M. Á., Rodríguez, M. G., and
Silva, L. L.: Short-term effects of four tillage practices on soil physical
properties, soil water potential, and maize yield, Geoderma, 237, 60–70,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.08.014, 2015.
Schelde, K., Ringgaard, R., Herbst, M., Thomsen, A., Friborg, T., and Søgaard, H.: Comparing Evapotranspiration Rates Estimated from
Atmospheric Flux and TDR Soil Moisture Measurements, Vadose Zone J., 10, 78–83, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0060, 2011.
Schneider, C. L., Attinger, S., Delfs, J. O., and Hildebrandt, A.: Implementing small scale processes at the soil-plant interface – the role of
root architectures for calculating root water uptake profiles, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 279–289, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-279-2010, 2010.
Selle, B., Minasny, B., Bethune, M., Thayalakumaran, T., and Chandra, S.:
Applicability of Richards' equation models to predict deep percolation under
surface irrigation, Geoderma, 160, 569–578, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.11.005, 2011.
Séré, G., Ouvrard, S., Magnenet, V., Pey, B., Morel, J. L., and
Schwartz, C.: Predictability of the Evolution of the Soil Structure using
Water Flow Modeling for a Constructed Technosol, Vadose Zone J., 11, 59–75,
https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2011.0069, 2012.
Shah, N., Ross, M., and Trout, K.: Using Soil Moisture Data to Estimate
Evapotranspiration and Development of a Physically Based Root Water Uptake
Model, in: Evapotranspiration-Remote Sensing and Modeling, edited by: Irmak, A., IntechOpen, https://doi.org/10.5772/18040, 2012.
Sharma, H., Shukla, M. K., Bosland, P. W., and Steiner, R.: Soil moisture
sensor calibration, actual evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients for drip irrigated greenhouse chile peppers, Agr. Water Manage., 179, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.07.001, 2017.
Sławiński, Sobczuk, H., Stoffregen, H., Walczak, R., and Wessolek, G.:
Effect of data resolution on soil hydraulic conductivity prediction, J.
Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 165, 45–49, https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2624(200202)165:1<45::AID-JPLN45>3.0.CO;2-I, 2002.
Sr, H. J. C., Grimm, N. B., Gosz, J. R., and Seastedt, T. R.: The US Long Term Ecological Research Program, Bioscience, 53, 21–32,
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0021:TULTER]2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Srivastava, R. K., Panda, R. K., and Halder, D.: Effective crop evapotranspiration measurement using time-domain reflectometry technique in
a sub-humid region, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 129, 1211–1225,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1841-7, 2017.
Su, P., Du, M., Zhao, A., and Zhang, X.: Study on water requirement law of
some crops and different planting mode in oasis, Agr. Res. Arid Areas, 20, 79–85, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-7601.2002.02.019, 2002.
Su, Y., Yang, X., and Yang, R.: Effect of Soil Texture in Unsaturated Zone on Soil Nitrate Accumulation and Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in a Marginal Oasis in the Middle of Heihe River Basin, Environ. Sci., 35, 3683–3691, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.10.007, 2014.
Suleiman, A. A. and Hoogenboom, G.: Comparison of Priestley-Taylor and FAO-56 Penman–Monteith for daily reference evapotranspiration estimation in Georgia, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 133, 175–182, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2007)133:2(175), 2007.
Sun, H., Wu, R., Li, P. I., Shao, S., Qi. L., and Han, J.: Rooting Depth of
Alfalfa, Acta Agrest. Sin., 16, 307–312, https://doi.org/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2008.03.019, 2008.
Tian, F., Lu, Y., Hu, H., Kinzelbach, W., and Sivapalan, M.: Dynamics and
driving mechanisms of asymmetric human water consumption during alternating
wet and dry periods, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 64, 507–524,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1588972, 2019.
Topp, G. C., Davis, J., and Annan, A. P.: Electromagnetic determination of
soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines, Water Resour. Res., 16, 574–582, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i003p00574, 1980.
Vereecken, H., Huisman, J. A., Bogena, H., Vanderborght, J., Vrugt, J. A., and Hopmans, J. W.: On the value of soil moisture measurements in vadose
zone hydrology: A review, Water Resour. Res., 44, W00D06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR006829, 2008.
Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial
evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic
variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373, 2012.
Wang, P., Yu, J., Pozdniakov, S. P., Grinevsky, S. O., and Liu, C.: Shallow
groundwater dynamics and its driving forces in extremely arid areas: a case
study of the lower Heihe River in northwestern China, Hydrol. Process., 28, 1539–1553, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9682, 2014.
Wu, J., Ding, Y., Wang, G., Yamazaki, Y., and Kubota, J.: Evapotranspiration of Seed Maize Field in Arid Region, J. Irrig. Drain., 26, 14–17,
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3317.2007.01.004, 2007.
Wu, X., Zhou, J., Wang, H., Li, Y., and Zhong, B.: Evaluation of irrigation
water use efficiency using remote sensing in the middle reach of the Heihe
river, in the semi-arid Northwestern China, Hydrol. Process., 29, 2243–2257, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10365, 2015.
Yang, B., Wen, X., and Sun, X.: Irrigation depth far exceeds water uptake
depth in an oasis cropland in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, Scient. Rep., 5, 15206, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15206, 2015.
Yang, J., Mao, X., Wang, K., and Yang, W.: The coupled impact of plastic film mulching and deficit irrigation on soil water/heat transfer and water use efficiency of spring wheat in Northwest China, Agr. Water Manage., 201, 232–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.030, 2018.
Yang, X., Yu, Y., and Li, M.: Estimating soil moisture content using
laboratory spectral data, J. Forest. Res., 30, 1073–1080, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0633-6, 2019.
Yong, H., Hou, L., Hong, W., Hu, K., and Mcconkey, B.: A modelling approach to evaluate the long-term effect of soil texture on spring wheat
productivity under a rain-fed condition, Scient. Rep., 4, 5736,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05736, 2014.
You, D. B., Wang, J. L., Ming-Qiang, L., and Hua, Q. I.: Evapotranspiration of maize field in irrigation area in heihe middle reaches using the
Penman–Monteith method, Acta Agricult. Boreali-Sin., 30, 139–145, https://doi.org/10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.025, 2015.
Young, M. H., Wierenga, P. J., and Mancino, C. F.: Monitoring Near-Surface
Soil Water Storage in Turfgrass using Time Domain Reflectometry and Weighing
Lysimetry, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 1138–1146,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100040021x, 1997.
Yu, Y., Wei, W., Chen, L., Feng, T., and Daryanto, S.: Quantifying the effects of precipitation, vegetation, and land preparation techniques on
runoff and soil erosion in a Loess watershed of China, Sci. Total Environ., 652, 755–764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.255, 2019.
Zhang, Y., Kendy, E., Qiang, Y., Changming, L., Yanjun, S., and Hongyong, S.: Effect of soil water deficit on evapotranspiration, crop yield, and water use efficiency in the North China Plain, Agr. Water Manage., 64, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(03)00201-4, 2004.
Zhang, Y., Wu, P., Zhao, X., and Zhao, W.: Measuring and modeling two-dimensional irrigation infiltration under film-mulched furrows, Sci. Cold Arid Reg., 8, 419–431, https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2016.00419, 2016.
Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Shock, C. C., Yang, K., Kang, S., Qin, J., and Li, S.:
Influence of different plastic film mulches and wetted soil percentages on
potato grown under drip irrigation, Agr. Water Manage., 180, 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.018, 2017.
Zhang, Z., Hu, H., Tian, F., Yao, X., and Sivapalan, M.: Groundwater dynamics under water-saving irrigation and implications for sustainable water management in an oasis: Tarim River basin of western China, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3951–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3951-2014, 2014.
Zhao, L. and Ji, X.: Quantification of transpiration and evaporation over
agricultural field using the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach – A case
study of the maize field in an oasis in the middle stream of the Heihe River
Basin in Northwest China, Scient. Agricult. Sin., 43, 4016-4026,
https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.19.014, 2010.
Zhao, L. and Zhao, W.: Water balance and migration for maize in an oasis
farmland of northwest China, Chin. Sci. Bull., 59, 4829–4837,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0482-4, 2014.
Zhao, L., Zhao, W., and Ji, X.: Division between transpiration and
evaporation, and crop water consumption over farmland within oases of the
middlestream of Heihe River basin, Northwestern China, Acta Ecol. Sin., 35, 1114–1123, https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201304220778, 2015.
Zhao, L., He, Z., Zhao, W., and Yang, Q.: Extensive investigation of the sap
flow of maize plants in an oasis farmland in the middle reach of the Heihe
River, Northwest China, J. Plant Res., 129, 841–851,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-016-0835-y, 2016.
Zhao, W. and Chang, X.: The effect of hydrologic process changes on NDVI in
the desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor, Sci. China-Earth Sci., 57, 3107–3117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-4927-z, 2014.
Zhao, W., Liu, B., and Zhang, Z.: Water requirements of maize in the middle
Heihe River basin, China, Agr. Water Manage., 97, 215–223,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.09.011, 2010.
Zhou, H., Zhao, W., and Zhang, G.: Varying water utilization of Haloxylon
ammodendron plantations in a desert-oasis ecotone, Hydrol. Process., 31, 825–835, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11060, 2017.
Zotarelli, L., Dukes, M. D., Morgan, and Morgan, K. T.: Interpretation of soil moisture content to determine soil field capacity and avoid over-irrigating sandy soils using soil moisture sensors, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, available at: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae460 (last access: 30 September 2019), 2016.
Zou, M., Niu, J., Kang, S., Li, X., and Lu, H.: The contribution of human
agricultural activities to increasing evapotranspiration is significantly
greater than climate change effect over Heihe agricultural region, Scient. Rep., 7, 8805, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08952-5, 2017.
Zuo, Q. and Zhang, R.: Estimating root-water-uptake using an inverse method,
Soil Science, 167, 561–571, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200209000-00001, 2002.
Short summary
A database of soil moisture measurements from the middle Heihe River basin of China was used to test the potential of a soil moisture database in estimating the soil water balance components (SWBCs). We determined SWBCs using a method that combined the soil water balance method and the inverse Richards equation. This work confirmed that relatively reasonable estimations of the SWBCs in coarse-textured sandy soils can be derived using soil moisture measurements.
A database of soil moisture measurements from the middle Heihe River basin of China was used to...
