Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-935-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-935-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Mar 2016
Research article |
| 01 Mar 2016
Projecting water yield and ecosystem productivity across the United States by linking an ecohydrological model to WRF dynamically downscaled climate data
Shanlei Sun
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
Ge Sun
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
Erika Cohen
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
Steven G. McNulty
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
Peter V. Caldwell
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Otto, NC, USA
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Yang Zhang
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Related authors
Kai Duan, Ge Sun, Steven G. McNulty, Peter V. Caldwell, Erika C. Cohen, Shanlei Sun, Heather D. Aldridge, Decheng Zhou, Liangxia Zhang, and Yang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5517–5529, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5517-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5517-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the potential roles of major climatic variables (including precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, specific humidity, and wind speed) in altering annual runoff, which is an important indicator of freshwater supply, in the United States through the 21st century. Increasing temperature, precipitation, and humidity are recognized as three major climatic factors that drive runoff to change in different directions across the country.
Kai Duan, Ge Sun, Steven G. McNulty, Peter V. Caldwell, Erika C. Cohen, Shanlei Sun, Heather D. Aldridge, Decheng Zhou, Liangxia Zhang, and Yang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-493, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-493, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the potential shift of the relative roles of changing precipitation and temperature in controlling freshwater availability in the USA. The influence of temperature is projected to outweigh that of precipitation in a continued warming future in the 21st century, although precipitation has been the primary control in recent decades. The vast croplands and grasslands across the central and forests in the northwestern regions might be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Calvin Howes, Pablo E. Saide, Hugh Coe, Amie Dobracki, Steffen Freitag, Jim M. Haywood, Steven G. Howell, Siddhant Gupta, Janek Uin, Mary Kacarab, Chongai Kuang, L. Ruby Leung, Athanasios Nenes, Greg M. McFarquhar, James Podolske, Jens Redemann, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jenny P. S. Wong, Robert Wood, Huihui Wu, Yang Zhang, Jianhao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13911–13940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand smoke properties and its interactions with clouds, we compare the WRF-CAM5 model with observations from ORACLES, CLARIFY, and LASIC field campaigns in the southeastern Atlantic in August 2017. The model transports and mixes smoke well but does not fully capture some important processes. These include smoke chemical and physical aging over 4–12 days, smoke removal by rain, sulfate particle formation, aerosol activation into cloud droplets, and boundary layer turbulence.
Chandan Sarangi, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Yufei Zou, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1769–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that for air quality, the densely populated eastern US may see even larger impacts of wildfires due to long-distance smoke transport and associated positive climatic impacts, partially compensating the improvements from regulations on anthropogenic emissions. This study highlights the tension between natural and anthropogenic contributions and the non-local nature of air pollution that complicate regulatory strategies for improving future regional air quality for human health.
Youngseob Kim, Lya Lugon, Alice Maison, Thibaud Sarica, Yelva Roustan, Myrto Valari, Yang Zhang, Michel André, and Karine Sartelet
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7371–7396, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the latest version of the street-network model MUNICH, v2.0. The description of MUNICH v1.0, which models gas-phase pollutants in a street network, was published in GMD in 2018. Since then, major modifications have been made to MUNICH. The comprehensive aerosol model SSH-aerosol is now coupled to MUNICH to simulate primary and secondary aerosol concentrations. New parameterisations have also been introduced. Test cases are defined to illustrate the new model functionalities.
Sally S.-C. Wang, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, and Yang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3445–3468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3445-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study develops an interpretable machine learning (ML) model predicting monthly PM2.5 fire emission over the contiguous US at 0.25° resolution and compares the prediction skills of the ML and process-based models. The comparison facilitates attributions of model biases and better understanding of the strengths and uncertainties in the two types of models at regional scales, for informing future model development and their applications in fire emission projection.
Ruili Wu, Christopher W. Tessum, Yang Zhang, Chaopeng Hong, Yixuan Zheng, Xinyin Qin, Shigan Liu, and Qiang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7621–7638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7621-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7621-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reduced-complexity air quality models are less computationally intensive and easier to use. We developed a reduced-complexity air quality Intervention Model for Air Pollution over China (InMAP-China) to rapidly predict the air quality and estimate the health impacts of emission sources in China. We believe that this work will be of great interest to a broad audience, including environmentalists in China and scientists in relevant fields at both national and local institutes.
Kai Wang, Yang Zhang, Shaocai Yu, David C. Wong, Jonathan Pleim, Rohit Mathur, James T. Kelly, and Michelle Bell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7189–7221, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ model accounting for complex chemistry–meteorology feedbacks has been applied to the long-term predictions of regional meteorology and air quality over the US. The model results show superior performance and importance of chemistry–meteorology feedbacks when compared to the offline coupled WRF and CMAQ simulations, which suggests that feedbacks should be considered along with other factors in developing future model applications to inform policy making.
Syuichi Itahashi, Rohit Mathur, Christian Hogrefe, Sergey L. Napelenok, and Yang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5751–5768, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5751-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5751-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system extended for hemispheric-scale applications (H-CMAQ) incorporated the satellite-constrained degassing SO2 emissions from 50 volcanos across the Northern Hemisphere. The impact on tropospheric sulfate aerosol (SO42−) is assessed for 2010. Although the considered volcanic emissions occurred at or below the middle of free troposphere (500 hPa), SO42− enhancements of more than 10 % were detected up to the top of free troposphere (250 hPa).
Xiaoyang Chen, Yang Zhang, Kai Wang, Daniel Tong, Pius Lee, Youhua Tang, Jianping Huang, Patrick C. Campbell, Jeff Mcqueen, Havala O. T. Pye, Benjamin N. Murphy, and Daiwen Kang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3969–3993, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3969-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3969-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The continuously updated National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) provides air quality forecasts. To support the development of the next-generation NAQFC, we evaluate a prototype of GFSv15-CMAQv5.0.2. The performance and the potential improvements for the system are discussed. This study can provide a scientific basis for further development of NAQFC and help it to provide more accurate air quality forecasts to the public over the contiguous United States.
Mario Eduardo Gavidia-Calderón, Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa, Youngseob Kim, Yang Zhang, and Maria de Fatima Andrade
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3251–3268, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MUNICH model was used to calculate pollutant concentrations inside the streets of São Paulo. The VEIN emission model provided the vehicular emissions and the coordinates of the streets. We used information from an air quality station to account for pollutant concentrations over the street rooftops. Results showed that when emissions are calibrated, MUNICH satisfied the performance criteria. MUNICH can be used to evaluate the impact of traffic-related air pollution on public health.
Yohei Shinozuka, Pablo E. Saide, Gonzalo A. Ferrada, Sharon P. Burton, Richard Ferrare, Sarah J. Doherty, Hamish Gordon, Karla Longo, Marc Mallet, Yan Feng, Qiaoqiao Wang, Yafang Cheng, Amie Dobracki, Steffen Freitag, Steven G. Howell, Samuel LeBlanc, Connor Flynn, Michal Segal-Rosenhaimer, Kristina Pistone, James R. Podolske, Eric J. Stith, Joseph Ryan Bennett, Gregory R. Carmichael, Arlindo da Silva, Ravi Govindaraju, Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Leonhard Pfister, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Jens Redemann, Robert Wood, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11491–11526, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11491-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11491-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the southeast Atlantic, well-defined smoke plumes from Africa advect over marine boundary layer cloud decks; both are most extensive around September, when most of the smoke resides in the free troposphere. A framework is put forth for evaluating the performance of a range of global and regional atmospheric composition models against observations made during the NASA ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS) airborne mission in September 2016.
Syuichi Itahashi, Rohit Mathur, Christian Hogrefe, and Yang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3373–3396, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3373-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3373-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality model extended for hemispheric applications (H-CMAQ) is used to model the trans-Pacific transport which has been recognized as a potential source of air pollutants over the US. In Part 1, modeled ozone is evaluated with observations at surface, by ozonesonde and airplane, and by satellite across the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, a newly developed air mass characterization method to estimate stratospheric intrusion is presented.
Syuichi Itahashi, Rohit Mathur, Christian Hogrefe, Sergey L. Napelenok, and Yang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3397–3413, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3397-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3397-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality model extended for hemispheric applications (H-CMAQ) is used to model the trans-Pacific transport which has been recognized as a potential source of air pollutants over the US. In Part 2, the higher-order decoupled direct method (HDDM) is applied to investigate the emission impacts from east Asia and the US during April 2010. Furthermore, changes in trans-Pacific transport caused by the recent emissions are examined.
Yongqiang Liu, Lu Hao, Decheng Zhou, Cen Pan, Peilong Liu, Zhe Xiong, and Ge Sun
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2281–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2281-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2281-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A transition zone often exists between a moist upper river reach and an arid lower reach in a watershed with complex topography. This zone is more suitable for human activities but is difficult to identify in climate classification. We found that a hydrological index overpowers a meteorological index in identifying a transition zone of a watershed in northwestern China, indicating the important role of the land-surface processes and human disturbances in formulating the transition zone.
Junxi Zhang, Yang Gao, Kun Luo, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Kai Wang, and Jianren Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9861–9877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9861-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9861-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We used a regional model to investigate the impact of atmosphere with high temperature and low wind speed on ozone concentration. When these compound events (heat waves and stagnant weather) occur simultaneously, a striking ozone enhancement is revealed. This type of compound event is projected to increase more dominantly compared to single events in the future over the US, Europe, and China, implying the importance of reducing emissions in order to alleviate the impact from the compound events.
Nishan Bhattarai, Kaniska Mallick, Nathaniel A. Brunsell, Ge Sun, and Meha Jain
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2311–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report the first ever regional-scale implementation of the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC1.2) model for mapping evapotranspiration (ET) using MODIS land surface and gridded climate datasets to overcome the existing uncertainties in aerodynamic temperature and conductance estimation in global ET models. Validation and intercomparison with SEBS and MOD16 products across an aridity gradient in the US manifested better ET mapping potential of STIC1.2 in different climates and biomes.
Jie Zhu, Ge Sun, Wenhong Li, Yu Zhang, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Steve G. McNulty, John S. King, Mukesh Kumar, and Xuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6289–6305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Forested wetlands provide myriad ecosystem services threatened by climate change. This study develops empirical hydrologic models by synthesizing hydrometeorological data across the southeastern US. We used global climate projections to model hydrological changes for five wetlands. We found all wetlands are predicted to become drier by the end of this century. This study suggests that climate change may substantially affect wetland biogeochemical cycles and other functions in the future.
Kai Duan, Ge Sun, Steven G. McNulty, Peter V. Caldwell, Erika C. Cohen, Shanlei Sun, Heather D. Aldridge, Decheng Zhou, Liangxia Zhang, and Yang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5517–5529, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5517-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5517-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the potential roles of major climatic variables (including precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, specific humidity, and wind speed) in altering annual runoff, which is an important indicator of freshwater supply, in the United States through the 21st century. Increasing temperature, precipitation, and humidity are recognized as three major climatic factors that drive runoff to change in different directions across the country.
Chaopeng Hong, Qiang Zhang, Yang Zhang, Youhua Tang, Daniel Tong, and Kebin He
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2447–2470, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2447-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2447-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A regional coupled climate–chemistry modeling system using the dynamical downscaling technique was established and evaluated. The modeling system performed well for both the climatological and the short-term air quality applications over east Asia. Regional models outperformed global models in regional climate and air quality predictions. The coupled modeling system improved the model performance, although some biases remained in the aerosol–cloud–radiation variables.
Khairunnisa Yahya, Timothy Glotfelty, Kai Wang, Yang Zhang, and Athanasios Nenes
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2333–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2333-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2333-2017, 2017
Mengsheng Qin, Lu Hao, Lei Sun, Yongqiang Liu, and Ge Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-241, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
By identifying the individual climatic controls on reference ET (ETo) at a watershed level, we show that the key climate controls to ETo have dramatically shifted during the past five decades. Accurately predicting future ETo and hydrological change under a changing climate must consider changes in atmospheric demand (VPD). Our results have important implications for watershed management in paddy field-dominated humid regions, where actual water loss is mainly controlled by atmospheric demand.
Yun Yang, Martha C. Anderson, Feng Gao, Christopher R. Hain, Kathryn A. Semmens, William P. Kustas, Asko Noormets, Randolph H. Wynne, Valerie A. Thomas, and Ge Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1017–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1017-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1017-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the utility of a thermal remote sensing based MODIS/Landsat ET data fusion procedure over a mixed forested/agricultural landscape in North Carolina, USA. The daily ET retrieved at 30 m resolution agreed well with measured fluxes in a clear-cut and a mature pine stand. An accounting of consumptive water use by land cover classes is presented, as well as relative partitioning of ET between evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components.
Chunwei Liu, Ge Sun, Steven G. McNulty, Asko Noormets, and Yuan Fang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 311–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-311-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-311-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The paper aimed at deriving Kc (AET/PET) for multiple vegetation types and understanding its environmental controls by analyzing the accumulated global eddy flux (FLUXNET) data. We established multiple linear equations for different land covers and seasons to model the dynamics of Kc as function of LAI, site latitude, and precipitation. Our study extended the applications of the traditional Kc method for estimating crop water use to estimating AET rates for natural ecosystems.
Provat K. Saha, Andrey Khlystov, Khairunnisa Yahya, Yang Zhang, Lu Xu, Nga L. Ng, and Andrew P. Grieshop
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 501–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-501-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-501-2017, 2017
Kai Duan, Ge Sun, Steven G. McNulty, Peter V. Caldwell, Erika C. Cohen, Shanlei Sun, Heather D. Aldridge, Decheng Zhou, Liangxia Zhang, and Yang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-493, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-493, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the potential shift of the relative roles of changing precipitation and temperature in controlling freshwater availability in the USA. The influence of temperature is projected to outweigh that of precipitation in a continued warming future in the 21st century, although precipitation has been the primary control in recent decades. The vast croplands and grasslands across the central and forests in the northwestern regions might be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Jiangkun Zheng, Ge Sun, Wenhong Li, Xinxiao Yu, Chi Zhang, Yuanbo Gong, and Lihua Tu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1561–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1561-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1561-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our study represents the most comprehensive study on the combined effects of environmental change in streamflow using three different hydrological models. It revealed that climate change impacts exceeded land cover change in the 2000s. Considering the effect of climate changes on water supply, some active land management and water resources management options are discussed.
Khairunnisa Yahya, Kai Wang, Patrick Campbell, Timothy Glotfelty, Jian He, and Yang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 671–695, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-671-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-671-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) v3.6.1 is evaluated for its first decadal application during 2001 to 2010 using the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 emissions. The model evaluation shows acceptable performance for long-term climatological simulations of most meteorological variables and chemical concentrations. Larger biases exist for aerosol-cloud-radiation variables, which future model improvement should focus on.
T. Tang, W. Li, and G. Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 27–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-27-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-27-2016, 2016
J. He, Y. Zhang, S. Tilmes, L. Emmons, J.-F. Lamarque, T. Glotfelty, A. Hodzic, and F. Vitt
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3999–4025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3999-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3999-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The global simulations with CB05_GE and MOZART-4x predict similar chemical profiles for major gases compared to aircraft measurements, with better agreement for the NOy profile by CB05_GE. The SOA concentrations of SOA at four sites in CONUS and organic carbon over the IMPROVE sites are better predicted by MOZART-4x. The two simulations result in a global average difference of 0.5W m-2 in simulated shortwave cloud radiative forcing, with up to 13.6W m-2 over subtropical regions.
J. He, R. He, and Y. Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-9965-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-9965-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
WRF/Chem simulations are performed to understand the impacts of cumulus parameterizations and air-sea interactions on coastal air quality. The use of different cumulus parameterizations gives different vertical mixing and wet scavenging. The use of different air-sea interaction treatments also gives different predictions of O3 and PM2.5 by up to 17.3 ppb and 7.9 μg m-3, respectively. WRF/Chem-ROMS improves model predictions, illustrating the benefits and needs of using coupled atmospheric-ocean
L. Hao, G. Sun, Y. Liu, J. Wan, M. Qin, H. Qian, C. Liu, J. Zheng, R. John, P. Fan, and J. Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3319–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3319-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3319-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The role of land cover in affecting hydrologic and environmental changes in the humid region in southern China is not well studied. We found that high flows and low flows increased and evapotranspiration decreased due to urbanization in the Qinhuai River basin. Urbanization masked climate warming effects in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed in altering long-term hydrology. Flooding risks and heat island effects are expected to rise due to urbanization.
M. Kang, Z. Zhang, A. Noormets, X. Fang, T. Zha, J. Zhou, G. Sun, S. G. McNulty, and J. Chen
Biogeosciences, 12, 4245–4259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4245-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4245-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that energy partitioning to latent and sensible heat and surface resistance was dramatically responsive to climatological drought. All physiological and bioclimatological metrics (Bowen ratio, surface resistance, and Priestley-Taylor coefficient) indicated that the water demands of the poplar plantation were greater than the amount available through precipitation, highlighting the poor match of a water-intensive species like poplar to a water-limited region in northern China.
K. Yahya, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, and T. E. Kleindienst
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2095–2117, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2095-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2095-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The application of WRF/Chem to North America shows that it can reproduce most observations and their variation trends from 2006 to 2010. The inclusion of chemical feedbacks reduces biases in meteorological predictions in 2010 but increases errors in comparison to WRF. The net changes in meteorology from 2006 to 2010 are mostly influenced by changes in meteorology and those of ozone and fine particles are influenced by changes in emissions and chemical BCONs, and to a lesser extent meteorology.
B. Zheng, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, K. B. He, K. Wang, G. J. Zheng, F. K. Duan, Y. L. Ma, and T. Kimoto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2031–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015, 2015
T. Glotfelty, Y. Zhang, P. Karamchandani, and D. G. Streets
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9379–9402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9379-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9379-2014, 2014
J. He and Y. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9171–9200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9171-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9171-2014, 2014
B. Gantt, J. He, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and A. Nenes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7485–7497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7485-2014, 2014
F. Yan, E. Winijkul, D. G. Streets, Z. Lu, T. C. Bond, and Y. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5709–5733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5709-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5709-2014, 2014
M. Li, Q. Zhang, D. G. Streets, K. B. He, Y. F. Cheng, L. K. Emmons, H. Huo, S. C. Kang, Z. Lu, M. Shao, H. Su, X. Yu, and Y. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5617–5638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5617-2014, 2014
L. T. Wang, Z. Wei, J. Yang, Y. Zhang, F. F. Zhang, J. Su, C. C. Meng, and Q. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3151–3173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3151-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3151-2014, 2014
C. R. Schwalm, D. N. Huntinzger, R. B. Cook, Y. Wei, I. T. Baker, R. P. Neilson, B. Poulter, P. Caldwell, G. Sun, H. Q. Tian, and N. Zeng
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1801-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1801-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
A. Baklanov, K. Schlünzen, P. Suppan, J. Baldasano, D. Brunner, S. Aksoyoglu, G. Carmichael, J. Douros, J. Flemming, R. Forkel, S. Galmarini, M. Gauss, G. Grell, M. Hirtl, S. Joffre, O. Jorba, E. Kaas, M. Kaasik, G. Kallos, X. Kong, U. Korsholm, A. Kurganskiy, J. Kushta, U. Lohmann, A. Mahura, A. Manders-Groot, A. Maurizi, N. Moussiopoulos, S. T. Rao, N. Savage, C. Seigneur, R. S. Sokhi, E. Solazzo, S. Solomos, B. Sørensen, G. Tsegas, E. Vignati, B. Vogel, and Y. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 317–398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-317-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-317-2014, 2014
Y. Zhang, K. Sartelet, S.-Y. Wu, and C. Seigneur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6807–6843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6807-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6807-2013, 2013
Y. Zhang, K. Sartelet, S. Zhu, W. Wang, S.-Y. Wu, X. Zhang, K. Wang, P. Tran, C. Seigneur, and Z.-F. Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6845–6875, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6845-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6845-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Ecohydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Integration of the vegetation phenology module improves ecohydrological simulation by the SWAT-Carbon model
Green water availability and water-limited crop yields under a changing climate in Ethiopia
Ecohydrological responses to solar radiation changes
Technical assessment combined with an extended cost–benefit analysis for the restoration of groundwater and forest ecosystem services – an application for Grand Bahama
Are rivers becoming more intermittent in France? Learning from an extended set of climate projections based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5)
Regional patterns and drivers of modelled water flows along environmental, functional, and stand structure gradients in Spanish forests
Machine learning and global vegetation: random forests for downscaling and gap filling
Unraveling phenological and stomatal responses to flash drought and implications for water and carbon budgets
Bias-blind and bias-aware assimilation of leaf area index into the Noah-MP land surface model over Europe
Technical note: Seamless extraction and analysis of river networks in R
Advancing stream classification and hydrologic modeling of ungaged basins for environmental flow management in coastal southern California
Improving regional climate simulations based on a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method
A comprehensive assessment of in situ and remote sensing soil moisture data assimilation in the APSIM model for improving agricultural forecasting across the US Midwest
Does non-stationarity induced by multiyear drought invalidate the paired-catchment method?
Is the reputation of Eucalyptus plantations for using more water than Pinus plantations justified?
Attributing trend in naturalized streamflow to temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in the Yellow River basin of China
Impacts of different types of El Niño events on water quality over the Corn Belt, United States
Leveraging sap flow data in a catchment-scale hybrid model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates
Coupled modelling of hydrological processes and grassland production in two contrasting climates
Does maximization of net carbon profit enable the prediction of vegetation behaviour in savanna sites along a precipitation gradient?
Modelling the artificial forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root–soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China
A deep learning hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach for estimating evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration
Vegetation greening weakened the capacity of water supply to China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling
How does water yield respond to mountain pine beetle infestation in a semiarid forest?
Daily soil temperature modeling improved by integrating observed snow cover and estimated soil moisture in the USA Great Plains
Plant hydraulic transport controls transpiration sensitivity to soil water stress
Drought onset and propagation into soil moisture and grassland vegetation responses during the 2012–2019 major drought in Southern California
Quantifying the effects of urban green space on water partitioning and ages using an isotope-based ecohydrological model
Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO2 fertilization on global terrestrial runoff over 1982–2010: accounting for aboveground and belowground vegetation–CO2 effects
Global ecosystem-scale plant hydraulic traits retrieved using model–data fusion
Quantifying the effects of land use and model scale on water partitioning and water ages using tracer-aided ecohydrological models
Quantification of ecohydrological sensitivities and their influencing factors at the seasonal scale
Canopy temperature and heat stress are increased by compound high air temperature and water stress and reduced by irrigation – a modeling analysis
Evaluating a landscape-scale daily water balance model to support spatially continuous representation of flow intermittency throughout stream networks
Testing water fluxes and storage from two hydrology configurations within the ORCHIDEE land surface model across US semi-arid sites
Novel Keeling-plot-based methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor
Disentangling temporal and population variability in plant root water uptake from stable isotopic analysis: when rooting depth matters in labeling studies
Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets?
Spatial variability of mean daily estimates of actual evaporation from remotely sensed imagery and surface reference data
Quantification of soil water balance components based on continuous soil moisture measurement and the Richards equation in an irrigated agricultural field of a desert oasis
Mapping the suitability of groundwater-dependent vegetation in a semi-arid Mediterranean area
Modeling boreal forest evapotranspiration and water balance at stand and catchment scales: a spatial approach
The 18O ecohydrology of a grassland ecosystem – predictions and observations
A comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for discharge and nitrate-nitrogen loads involving multiple discrete model inputs under future changing conditions
Dynamic responses of DOC and DIC transport to different flow regimes in a subtropical small mountainous river
Evaluation of ORCHIDEE-MICT-simulated soil moisture over China and impacts of different atmospheric forcing data
Testing an optimality-based model of rooting zone water storage capacity in temperate forests
A regional-scale ecological risk framework for environmental flow evaluations
Climate-driven disturbances in the San Juan River sub-basin of the Colorado River
Mingwei Li, Shouzhi Chen, Fanghua Hao, Nan Wang, Zhaofei Wu, Yue Xu, Jing Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, and Yongshuo H. Fu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2081–2095, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2081-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2081-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate-driven shifts in vegetation phenology have a significant impact on hydrological processes. In this study, we integrated a process-based phenology module into the SWAT-Carbon model, which led to a substantial improvement in the simulation of vegetation dynamics and hydrological processes in the Jinsha River watershed. Our findings highlight the critical need to incorporate vegetation phenology into hydrological models to achieve a more accurate representation of ecohydrological processes.
Mosisa Tujuba Wakjira, Nadav Peleg, Johan Six, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 863–886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we implement a climate, water, and crop interaction model to evaluate current conditions and project future changes in rainwater availability and its yield potential, with the goal of informing adaptation policies and strategies in Ethiopia. Although climate change is likely to increase rainfall in Ethiopia, our findings suggest that water-scarce croplands in Ethiopia are expected to face reduced crop yields during the main growing season due to increases in temperature.
Yiran Wang, Naika Meili, and Simone Fatichi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 381–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-381-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-381-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use climate model simulations and process-based ecohydrological modeling to assess the effects of solar radiation changes on hydrological variables. Results show that direct changes in solar radiation without the land–atmosphere feedback primarily affects sensible heat with limited effects on hydrology and vegetation. However, including land–atmosphere feedbacks exacerbates the effects of radiation changes on evapotranspiration and modifies vegetation productivity.
Anne Imig, Francesca Perosa, Carolina Iwane Hotta, Sophia Klausner, Kristen Welsh, Yan Zheng, and Arno Rein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5459–5478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5459-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5459-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2019, Hurricane Dorian led to salinization of groundwater resources on the island of Grand Bahama. We assessed the feasibility of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) for restoring fresh groundwater. Furthermore, we applied a financial and an extended cost–benefit analysis for assessing ecosystem services supported by MAR and reforestation. As a first estimate, MAR could only provide a small contribution to the water demand. Reforestation measures were assessed to be financially profitable.
Tristan Jaouen, Lionel Benoit, Louis Héraut, and Eric Sauquet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2737, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2737, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a multi-model approach to assess future changes in river flow intermittency across France under climate change. Combining projections from the Explore2 project with historical flow observations, logistic regressions estimate daily probabilities of flow intermittency (PFI) under RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 scenarios. Results suggest intensifying and prolonged dry spells throughout the 21st century, with southern France more affected, while uncertainty remains higher in northern regions.
Jesús Sánchez-Dávila, Miquel De Cáceres, Jordi Vayreda, and Javier Retana
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3037–3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forest blue water is determined by the climate, functional traits, and stand structure variables. The leaf area index (LAI) is the main driver of the trade-off between the blue and green water. Blue water is concentrated in the autumn–winter season, and deciduous trees can increase the relative blue water. The leaf phenology and seasonal distribution are determinants for the relative blue water.
Barry van Jaarsveld, Sandra M. Hauswirth, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2357–2374, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought often manifests itself in vegetation; however, obtaining high-resolution remote-sensing products that are spatially and temporally consistent is difficult. In this study, we show that machine learning (ML) can fill data gaps in existing products. We also demonstrate that ML can be used as a downscaling tool. By relying on ML for gap filling and downscaling, we can obtain a more holistic view of the impacts of drought on vegetation.
Nicholas K. Corak, Jason A. Otkin, Trent W. Ford, and Lauren E. L. Lowman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate how dynamic vegetation interacts with the atmosphere during extreme drought events known as flash droughts. We find that plants nearly halt water and carbon exchanges and limit their growth during flash drought. This work has implications for how to account for changes in vegetation state during extreme drought events when making predictions under future climate scenarios.
Samuel Scherrer, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Zdenko Heyvaert, Michel Bechtold, Clement Albergel, Tarek S. El-Madany, and Wouter Dorigo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4087–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored different options for data assimilation (DA) of the remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI). We found strong biases between LAI predicted by Noah-MP and observations. LAI DA that does not take these biases into account can induce unphysical patterns in the resulting LAI and flux estimates and leads to large changes in the climatology of root zone soil moisture. We tested two bias-correction approaches and explored alternative solutions to treating bias in LAI DA.
Luca Carraro
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3733–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mathematical models are key to the study of environmental processes in rivers. Such models often require information on river morphology from geographic information system (GIS) software, which hinders the use of replicable workflows. Here I present rivnet, an R package for simple, robust, GIS-free extraction and analysis of river networks. The package is designed so as to require minimal user input and is oriented towards ecohydrological, ecological and biogeochemical modeling.
Stephen K. Adams, Brian P. Bledsoe, and Eric D. Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3021–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing streams for environmental flows involves prioritizing healthy stream ecosystems while distributing water resources. Classifying streams of similar types is a useful step in developing environmental flows. Environmental flows are often developed on data-poor streams that must be modeled. This paper has developed a new method of classification that prioritizes model accuracy. The new method advances environmental streamflow management and modeling of data-poor watersheds.
Xinlei He, Yanping Li, Shaomin Liu, Tongren Xu, Fei Chen, Zhenhua Li, Zhe Zhang, Rui Liu, Lisheng Song, Ziwei Xu, Zhixing Peng, and Chen Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1583–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the role of integrating vegetation and multi-source soil moisture observations in regional climate models via a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method. In particular, we show that this approach can improve land surface fluxes, near-surface atmospheric conditions, and land–atmosphere interactions by implementing detailed land characterization information in basins with complex underlying surfaces.
Marissa Kivi, Noemi Vergopolan, and Hamze Dokoohaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1173–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to provide a framework for direct integration of soil moisture observations collected from soil sensors and satellite imagery into process-based crop models for improving the representation of agricultural systems. The performance of this framework was evaluated across 19 sites times years for crop yield, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture, tile flow drainage, and nitrate leaching.
Yunfan Zhang, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, Shujing Qin, Liu Liu, Pan Liu, and Yanghe Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6379–6397, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multiyear drought has been demonstrated to cause non-stationary rainfall–runoff relationship. But whether changes can invalidate the most fundamental method (i.e., paired-catchment method (PCM)) for separating vegetation change impacts is still unknown. Using paired-catchment data with 10-year drought, PCM is shown to still be reliable even in catchments with non-stationarity. A new framework is further proposed to separate impacts of two non-stationary drivers, using paired-catchment data.
Don A. White, Shiqi Ren, Daniel S. Mendham, Francisco Balocchi-Contreras, Richard P. Silberstein, Dean Meason, Andrés Iroumé, and Pablo Ramirez de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5357–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Of all the planting options for wood production and carbon storage, Eucalyptus species provoke the greatest concern about their effect on water resources. We compared Eucalyptus and Pinus species (the two most widely planted genera) by fitting a simple model to the published estimates of their annual water use. There was no significant difference between the two genera. This has important implications for the global debate around Eucalyptus and is an option for carbon forests.
Zhihui Wang, Qiuhong Tang, Daoxi Wang, Peiqing Xiao, Runliang Xia, Pengcheng Sun, and Feng Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5291–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Variable infiltration capacity simulation considering dynamic vegetation types and structural parameters is able to better capture the effect of temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in hydrological regimes. Vegetation greening including interannual LAI and intra-annual LAI temporal pattern change induced by large-scale ecological restoration and non-vegetation underlying surface change played dominant roles in the natural streamflow reduction of the Yellow River basin.
Pan Chen, Wenhong Li, and Keqi He
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4875–4892, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assessed changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in response to eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events over the Corn Belt, USA, using the SWAT model. Results showed that EP (CP) El Niño events improved (exacerbated) water quality in the region. Furthermore, EP El Niño had a much broader and longer impact on water quality at the outlets, but CP El Niño could lead to similar increases in TN/TP loads as EP El Niño at the specific watersheds.
Ralf Loritz, Maoya Bassiouni, Anke Hildebrandt, Sibylle K. Hassler, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4757–4771, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we combine a deep-learning approach that predicts sap flow with a hydrological model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates at the catchment scale. Our results highlight that hybrid-model approaches, combining machine learning with physically based models, are a promising way to improve our ability to make hydrological predictions.
Nicholas Jarvis, Jannis Groh, Elisabet Lewan, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Walter Durka, Cornelia Baessler, Thomas Pütz, Elvin Rufullayev, and Harry Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2277–2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We apply an eco-hydrological model to data on soil water balance and grassland growth obtained at two sites with contrasting climates. Our results show that the grassland in the drier climate had adapted by developing deeper roots, which maintained water supply to the plants in the face of severe drought. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering such plastic responses of plant traits to environmental stress in the modelling of soil water balance and plant growth under climate change.
Remko C. Nijzink, Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Stanislaus J. Schymanski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 525–550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most models that simulate water and carbon exchanges with the atmosphere rely on information about vegetation, but optimality models predict vegetation properties based on general principles. Here, we use the Vegetation Optimality Model (VOM) to predict vegetation behaviour at five savanna sites. The VOM overpredicted vegetation cover and carbon uptake during the wet seasons but also performed similarly to conventional models, showing that vegetation optimality is a promising approach.
Hongyu Li, Yi Luo, Lin Sun, Xiangdong Li, Changkun Ma, Xiaolei Wang, Ting Jiang, and Haoyang Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 17–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drying soil layers (DSLs) have been extensively reported in artificial forestland in the Loess Plateau, China, which has limited water resources and deep loess. To address this issue relating to plant root–soil water interactions, this study developed a root growth model that simulates both the dynamic rooting depth and fine-root distribution. Evaluation vs. field data proved a positive performance. Long-term simulation reproduced the evolution process of the DSLs and revealed their mechanisms.
Jiancong Chen, Baptiste Dafflon, Anh Phuong Tran, Nicola Falco, and Susan S. Hubbard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6041–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The novel hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach uses a long short-term memory recurrent neural network to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) with only meteorological and remote-sensing inputs. We developed four use cases to demonstrate the applicability of HPM. The results indicate HPM is capable of providing ET and Reco estimations in challenging mountainous systems and enhances our understanding of watershed dynamics at sparsely monitored watersheds.
Jiehao Zhang, Yulong Zhang, Ge Sun, Conghe Song, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Jiangfeng Li, Ning Liu, Kerong Zhang, Quanfa Zhang, and Lu Hao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5623–5640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify how vegetation greening impacts the capacity of water supply, we built a hybrid model and conducted a case study using the upper Han River basin (UHRB) that serves as the water source area to the world’s largest water diversion project. Vegetation greening in the UHRB during 2001–2018 induced annual water yield (WY) greatly decreased. Vegetation greening also increased the possibility of drought and reduced a quarter of WY on average during drought periods.
Aaron J. Neill, Christian Birkel, Marco P. Maneta, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4861–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural changes (cover and height of vegetation plus tree canopy characteristics) to forests during regeneration on degraded land affect how water is partitioned between streamflow, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Partitioning most strongly deviates from baseline conditions during earlier stages of regeneration with dense forest, while recovery may be possible as the forest matures and opens out. This has consequences for informing sustainable landscape restoration strategies.
Jianning Ren, Jennifer C. Adam, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Erin J. Hanan, Christina L. Tague, Mingliang Liu, Crystal A. Kolden, and John T. Abatzoglou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4681–4699, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain pine beetle outbreaks have caused widespread tree mortality. While some research shows that water yield increases after trees are killed, many others document no change or a decrease. The climatic and environmental mechanisms driving hydrologic response to tree mortality are not well understood. We demonstrated that the direction of hydrologic response is a function of multiple factors, so previous studies do not necessarily conflict with each other; they represent different conditions.
Haidong Zhao, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Mary Beth Kirkham, Nenghan Wan, and Xiaomao Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4357–4372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study was done to develop an improved soil temperature model for the USA Great Plains by using common weather station variables as inputs. After incorporating knowledge of estimated soil moisture and observed daily snow depth, the improved model showed a near 50 % gain in performance compared to the original model. We conclude that our improved model can better estimate soil temperature at the surface soil layer where most hydrological and biological processes occur.
Brandon P. Sloan, Sally E. Thompson, and Xue Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4259–4274, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plants affect the global water and carbon cycles by modifying their water use and carbon intake in response to soil moisture. Global climate models represent this response with either simple empirical models or complex physical models. We reveal that the latter improves predictions in plants with large flow resistance; however, adding dependence on atmospheric moisture demand to the former matches performance of the latter, leading to a new tool for improving carbon and water cycle predictions.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Michael Bliss Singer, Mark O. Cuthbert, Dar Roberts, Kelly K. Caylor, Romy Sabathier, and John Stella
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3713–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Intensified drying of soil and grassland vegetation is raising the impact of fire severity and extent in Southern California. While browned grassland is a common sight during the dry season, this study has shown that there is a pronounced shift in the timing of senescence, due to changing climate conditions favoring milder winter temperatures and increased precipitation variability. Vegetation may be limited in its ability to adapt to these shifts, as drought periods become more frequent.
Mikael Gillefalk, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Reinhard Hinkelmann, Lena-Marie Kuhlemann, Aaron Smith, Fred Meier, Marco P. Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3635–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions for three urban vegetation types: trees, shrub and grass. The model results showed that evapotranspiration increased in the order shrub < grass < trees during one growing season. Additionally, we could show how
infiltration hotspotscreated by runoff from sealed onto vegetated surfaces can enhance both evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Yuting Yang, Tim R. McVicar, Dawen Yang, Yongqiang Zhang, Shilong Piao, Shushi Peng, and Hylke E. Beck
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3411–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed an analytical ecohydrological model that considers three aspects of vegetation response to eCO2 (i.e., stomatal response, LAI response, and rooting depth response) to detect the impact of eCO2 on continental runoff over the past 3 decades globally. Our findings suggest a minor role of eCO2 on the global runoff changes, yet highlight the negative runoff–eCO2 response in semiarid and arid regions which may further threaten the limited water resource there.
Yanlan Liu, Nataniel M. Holtzman, and Alexandra G. Konings
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2399–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of water through plants varies with species-specific traits. To determine how they vary across the world, we mapped the traits that best allowed a model to match microwave satellite data. We also defined average values across a few clusters of trait behavior. These form a tractable solution for use in large-scale models. Transpiration estimates using these clusters were more accurate than if using plant functional types. We expect our maps to improve transpiration forecasts.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Lukas Kleine, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2239–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model on a mixed land use catchment in northeastern Germany to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions at four model grid resolutions. The model's ability to reproduce spatio-temporal flux–storage–age interactions decreases with increasing model grid sizes. Similarly, larger model grids showed vegetation-influenced changes in blue and green water partitioning. Simulations reveal the value of measured soil and stream isotopes for model calibration.
Yiping Hou, Mingfang Zhang, Xiaohua Wei, Shirong Liu, Qiang Li, Tijiu Cai, Wenfei Liu, Runqi Zhao, and Xiangzhuo Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1447–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ecohydrological sensitivity, defined as the response intensity of streamflow to vegetation change, indicates the hydrological sensitivity to vegetation change. The study revealed seasonal ecohydrological sensitivities were highly variable, depending on climate condition and watershed attributes. Dry season ecohydrological sensitivity was mostly determined by topography, soil and vegetation, while wet season ecohydrological sensitivity was mainly controlled by soil, landscape and vegetation.
Xiangyu Luan and Giulia Vico
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1411–1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Crop yield is reduced by heat and water stress, particularly when they co-occur. We quantify the joint effects of (unpredictable) air temperature and soil water availability on crop heat stress via a mechanistic model. Larger but more infrequent precipitation increased crop canopy temperatures. Keeping crops well watered via irrigation could reduce canopy temperature but not enough to always exclude heat damage. Thus, irrigation is only a partial solution to adapt to warmer and drier climates.
Songyan Yu, Hong Xuan Do, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Nick R. Bond, Peirong Lin, and Mark J. Kennard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5279–5295, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There is a growing interest globally in the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of intermittently flowing streams and rivers. We developed an approach to quantify catchment-wide flow intermittency over long time frames. Modelled patterns of flow intermittency in eastern Australia revealed highly dynamic behaviour in space and time. The developed approach is transferable to other parts of the world and can inform hydro-ecological understanding and management of intermittent streams.
Natasha MacBean, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Catherine Ottlé, Nicolas Vuichard, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Kolb, Sabina Dore, Marcy Litvak, and David J. P. Moore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5203–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, 2020
Yusen Yuan, Taisheng Du, Honglang Wang, and Lixin Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4491–4501, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition of ambient water vapor is an important source of atmospheric water vapor and has not been able to be estimated to date using the Keeling plot approach. Here we proposed two new methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor: one using the intersection point method and another relying on the intermediate value theorem.
Valentin Couvreur, Youri Rothfuss, Félicien Meunier, Thierry Bariac, Philippe Biron, Jean-Louis Durand, Patricia Richard, and Mathieu Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3057–3075, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Isotopic labeling of soil water is a broadly used tool for tracing the origin of water extracted by plants and computing root water uptake (RWU) profiles with multisource mixing models. In this study, we show how a method such as this may misconstrue time series of xylem water isotopic composition as the temporal dynamics of RWU by simulating data collected during a tall fescue rhizotron experiment with an isotope-enabled physical soil–root model accounting for variability in root traits.
Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, and Fiachra E. O'Loughlin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1031–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A hydrological model was used to compare different parameterisation strategies in view of predicting ecologically relevant streamflow indices in 33 Irish catchments. Compared for 14 different periods, a strategy fitting simulated and observed streamflow indices yielded better performance than fitting simulated and observed streamflow, but it also yielded a less consistent ensemble of parameter sets, suggesting that these indices may not be hydrologically relevant for model parameterisation.
Robert N. Armstrong, John W. Pomeroy, and Lawrence W. Martz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4891–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Digital and thermal images taken near midday were used to scale daily point observations of key factors driving actual-evaporation estimates across a complex Canadian Prairie landscape. Point estimates of actual evaporation agreed well with observed values via eddy covariance. Impacts of spatial variations on areal estimates were minor, and no covariance was found between model parameters driving the energy term. The methods can be applied further to improve land surface parameterisations.
Zhongkai Li, Hu Liu, Wenzhi Zhao, Qiyue Yang, Rong Yang, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4685–4706, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A database of soil moisture measurements from the middle Heihe River basin of China was used to test the potential of a soil moisture database in estimating the soil water balance components (SWBCs). We determined SWBCs using a method that combined the soil water balance method and the inverse Richards equation. This work confirmed that relatively reasonable estimations of the SWBCs in coarse-textured sandy soils can be derived using soil moisture measurements.
Inês Gomes Marques, João Nascimento, Rita M. Cardoso, Filipe Miguéns, Maria Teresa Condesso de Melo, Pedro M. M. Soares, Célia M. Gouveia, and Cathy Kurz Besson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3525–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean cork woodlands are very particular agroforestry systems present in a confined area of the Mediterranean Basin. They are of great importance due to their high socioeconomic value; however, a decrease in water availability has put this system in danger. In this paper we build a model that explains this system's tree-species distribution in southern Portugal from environmental variables. This could help predict their future distribution under changing climatic conditions.
Samuli Launiainen, Mingfu Guan, Aura Salmivaara, and Antti-Jussi Kieloaho
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3457–3480, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest evapotranspiration and water cycle is modeled at stand and catchment scale using physiological and physical principles, open GIS data and daily weather data. The approach can predict daily evapotranspiration well across Nordic coniferous-dominated stands and successfully reproduces daily streamflow and annual evapotranspiration across boreal headwater catchments in Finland. The model is modular and simple and designed for practical applications over large areas using open data.
Regina T. Hirl, Hans Schnyder, Ulrike Ostler, Rudi Schäufele, Inga Schleip, Sylvia H. Vetter, Karl Auerswald, Juan C. Baca Cabrera, Lisa Wingate, Margaret M. Barbour, and Jérôme Ogée
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2581–2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the system-scale understanding of the propagation of the oxygen isotope signal (δ18O) of rain through soil and xylem to leaf water in a temperate drought-prone grassland. Biweekly δ18O observations of the water pools made during seven growing seasons were accurately reproduced by the 18O-enabled process-based model MuSICA. While water uptake occurred from shallow soil depths throughout dry and wet periods, leaf water 18O enrichment responded to both soil and atmospheric moisture.
Christoph Schürz, Brigitta Hollosi, Christoph Matulla, Alexander Pressl, Thomas Ertl, Karsten Schulz, and Bano Mehdi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1211–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
For two Austrian catchments we simulated discharge and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) considering future changes of climate, land use, and point source emissions together with the impact of different setups and parametrizations of the implemented eco-hydrological model. In a comprehensive analysis we identified the dominant sources of uncertainty for the simulation of discharge and NO3-N and further examined how specific properties of the model inputs control the future simulation results.
Yu-Ting Shih, Pei-Hao Chen, Li-Chin Lee, Chien-Sen Liao, Shih-Hao Jien, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Tsung-Yu Lee, Thomas Hein, Franz Zehetner, Chung-Te Chang, and Jr-Chuan Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6579–6590, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
DOC and DIC export in Taiwan shows that the annual DOC and DIC fluxes were 2.7–4.8 and 48.4–54.3 ton C km2 yr1, respectively, which were approximately 2 and 20 times higher than the global means of 1.4 and 2.6 ton C km2 yr1, respectively.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Matthieu Guimberteau, Xuhui Wang, Dan Zhu, Fabienne Maignan, Shushi Peng, Shilong Piao, Jan Polcher, Feng Zhou, Hyungjun Kim, and other China-Trend-Stream project members
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5463–5484, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations in China were performed in ORCHIDEE driven by different forcing datasets: GSWP3, PGF, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI. Simulated soil moisture was compared to several datasets to evaluate the ability of ORCHIDEE in reproducing soil moisture dynamics. Results showed that ORCHIDEE soil moisture coincided well with other datasets in wet areas and in non-irrigated areas. It suggested that the ORCHIDEE-MICT was suitable for further hydrological studies in China.
Matthias J. R. Speich, Heike Lischke, and Massimiliano Zappa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4097–4124, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To simulate the water balance of, e.g., a forest plot, it is important to estimate the maximum volume of water available to plants. This depends on soil properties and the average depth of roots. Rooting depth has proven challenging to estimate. Here, we applied a model assuming that plants dimension their roots to optimize their carbon budget. We compared its results with values obtained by calibrating a dynamic water balance model. In most cases, there is good agreement between both methods.
Gordon C. O'Brien, Chris Dickens, Eleanor Hines, Victor Wepener, Retha Stassen, Leo Quayle, Kelly Fouchy, James MacKenzie, P. Mark Graham, and Wayne G. Landis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 957–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In global water resource allocation, robust tools are required to establish environmental flows. In addition, tools should characterize past, present and future consequences of altered flows and non-flow variables to social and ecological management objectives. PROBFLO is a risk assessment method designed to meet best practice principles for regional-scale holistic E-flow assessments. The approach has been developed in Africa and applied across the continent.
Katrina E. Bennett, Theodore J. Bohn, Kurt Solander, Nathan G. McDowell, Chonggang Xu, Enrique Vivoni, and Richard S. Middleton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 709–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We applied the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model to examine scenarios of change under climate and landscape disturbances in the San Juan River basin, a major sub-watershed of the Colorado River basin. Climate change coupled with landscape disturbance leads to reduced streamflow in the San Juan River basin. Disturbances are expected to be widespread in this region. Therefore, accounting for these changes within the context of climate change is imperative for water resource planning.
Cited articles
Adams, H. D., Luce, C. H., Breshears, D. D., Allen, C. D., Weiler, M., Hale,
V. C., Smith, A. M. S., and Huxman, T. E.: Ecohydrological consequences of
drought- and infestation-triggered tree die-off: insights and hypotheses,
Ecohydrology, 5, 145–159, 2012.
Aghakouchak, A., Cheng, L., Mazdiyasni, O., and Farahmand, A.: Global
warming and changes in risk of concurrent climate extremes: Insights from
the 2014 California drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8847–8852, 2014.
Alig, R. J., Adams, D., Joyce, L., and Sohngen, B.: Climate change impacts
and adaptation in forestry: responses by trees and markets, Choices, 19, 1–7, 2004.
Alkama, R., Marchand, L., Ribes, A., and Decharme, B.: Detection of global
runoff changes: results from observations and CMIP5 experiments, Hydrol.
Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2967–2979, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2967-2013, 2013.
Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N.,
Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D. D., Hogg, E. H.,
Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Lim, J. H.,
Allard, G., Running, S. W., Semerci, A., and Cobb, N.: A global overview of
drought and heat induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change
risks for forests, Forest Ecol. Manag., 259, 660–684, 2010.
Anderegg, W. R. L., Berry, J. A., Smith, D. D., Sperry, J. S., Anderegg, L.
D. L., and Field, C. B.: The roles of hydraulic and carbon stress in a
widespread climate-induced forest die-off, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 233–237, 2012.
Anderson, B. T., Gianotti, D., and Salvucci, G.: Detectability of historical
trends in station-based precipitation characteristics over the continental
United States, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 4842–4859, 2015.
Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Delong, J. P., Fox, A. M., Brese, D. A., and
Litvak, M. E.: Differential responses of production and respiration to
temperature and moisture drive the carbon balance across a climatic gradient
in New Mexico, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 410–424, 2011.
Aparício, S., Carvalhais, N., and Seixas, J.: Climate change impacts on
the vegetation carbon cycle of the Iberian Peninsula-Intercomparison of
CMIP5 results, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 641–660, 2015.
Arnell, N. W.: Climate change and global water resources, Global Environ. Chang., 9, S31–S49, 1999.
Averyt, K., Meldrum, J., Caldwell, P. V., Sun, G., McNulty, S. G.,
Huber-Lee, A., and Madden, N.: Sectoral vulnerabilities to changing water
resources in the conterminous U.S., Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 035046,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035046, 2013.
Ayres, M. P. and Lombardero, M. J.: Assessing the consequences of climate
change for forest herbivore and pathogens, Sci. Total Environ., 262, 263–286, 2000.
Betts, R. A., Boucher, O., Collins, M., Cox, P. M., Falloon, P. D., Gedney,
N., Hemming D. L., Huntingford C., Jones C. D., Sexton D. M. H., and Webb,
M. J.: Projected increase in continental runoff due to plant responses to
increasing carbon dioxide, Nature, 448, 1037–1041, 2007.
Blanc, E., Strzepek, K., Schlosser, A., Jacoby, H., Gueneau, A., Fant, C.,
Rausch S., and Reilly, J.: Modeling US water resources under climate
change, Earth's Future, 2, 197–224, 2014.
Bond-Lamberty, B. E. N., Peckham, S. D., Gower, S. T., and Ewers, B. E.:
Effects of fire on regional evapotranspiration in the central Canadian
boreal forest, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 1242–1254, 2009.
Bony, S., Bellon, G., Klocke, D., Sherwood, S., Fermepin, S., and Denvil,
S.: Robust direct effect of carbon dioxide on tropical circulation and
regional precipitation, Nature Geosci., 6, 447–451, 2013.
Brekke, L., Thrasher, B. L., Maurer, E. P., and Pruitt, T.: Downscaled CMIP3 and
CMIP5 Climate Projections: Release of Downscaled CMIP5 Climate Projections,
Comparison with Preceding Information, and Summary of User Needs. U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center,
Denver, Colorado, USA, 116 pp., 2013.
Brikowski, T. H.: Applying multi-parameter runoff elasticity to assess water
availability in a changing climate: an example from Texas, USA,
Hydrol. Process., 29, 1746–1756, 2014.
Brookhouse, M. T., Farquhar, G. D., and Roderick, M. L.: The impact of
bushfires on water yield from south-east Australia's ash forests, Water Resour. Res., 49,
4493–4505, 2013.
Brown, T. C., Foti, R., and Ramirez, J. A.: Projected freshwater withdrawals
in the United States under a changing climate, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1259–1276, 2013.
Burnash, R. J. C.: The NWS river forecast system-catchment modeling, in:
Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, edited by: Singh, V. P., Water
Resources Publications, Littleton, CO, USA, 311–366, 1995.
Caldwell, P. V., Sun, G., McNulty, S. G., Cohen, E. C., and Moore Myers, J.
A.: Impacts of impervious cover, water withdrawals, and climate change on
river flows in the conterminous US, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2839–2857,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2839-2012, 2012.
Chen, F., and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an advanced land surface–hydrology model
with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation
and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, 2001.
Chien, H., Yeh, P. J. F., and Knouft, J. H.: Modeling the potential impacts
of climate change on streamflow in agricultural watersheds of the Midwestern
United States, J. Hydrol., 491, 73–88, 2013.
Chou, M. D. and Suarez, M. J.: An Efficient Thermal Infrared Radiation
Parameterization for Use in General Circulation Models. NASA Technical
Memorandum 104606, Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data
Assimilation, Vol. 3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Greenbelt, MD, USA, 85 pp., 1994.
Collins, M., Tett, S. F. B., and Cooper, C.: The internal climate
variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without
flux adjustments, Clim. Dynam., 17, 61–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820000094, 2001.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Cane, M. A., and Stahle, D. W.: North American
drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences, Earth-Sci. Rev., 81, 93–134, 2007.
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A., and Totterdell, I. J.:
Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled
climate model, Nature, 408, 184–187, 2000.
Dai, A., Qian, T., Trenberth, K. E., and Milliman, J. D.: Changes in
continental freshwater discharge from 1948 to 2004, J. Climate, 22, 2773–2792, 2009.
Daly, C., Neilson, R. P., and Phillips, D. L.: A statistical topographic
model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain,
J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 140–158, 1994.
de Kauwe, M. G., Medlyn, B. E., Zaehle, S., A. P.. Walker, M. C., Dietze,
T., Hickler, Jain, A. K., Luo, Y., Parton, W. J, Prentice, I. C., Smith, B.,
Thornton, P. E., Wang, S., Wang, Y.-P., Warlind D., Weng, E., Crous, K. Y.,
Ellsworth, D. S., Hanson, P. J., Kim, H.-S., Warren, J. M., Oren, R., and
Norby, R. J.: Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated
CO2: a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest
FACE sites, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 1759–1779, 2013.
DeRose, R. J. and Long, J. N.: Drought-driven disturbance history
characterizes a southern Rocky Mountain subalpine forest, Can. J. Forest Res., 42, 1649–1660,
2012.
Dolbeth, M., Martinho, F., Viegas, I., Cabral, H., Pardal, M. A.: Estuarine
production of resident and nursery fish species: conditioning by drought
events?, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 78, 51–60, 2008.
Dominguez, F., Cañon, J., and Valdes, J.: IPCC-AR4 climate simulations
for the Southwestern US: the importance of future ENSO projections,
Climatic Change, 99, 499–514, 2009.
Dore, S., Kolb, T. E., Montes-Helu, M., Eckert, S. E., Sullivan, B. W.,
Hungate, B. A., Kaye, J.P., Hart, S. C., Koch, G. W., and Finkral, A.:
Carbon and water fluxes from ponderosa pine forests disturbed by wildfire
and thinning, Ecol. Appl., 20, 663–683, 2010.
Foley, J. A., Defries, R., Asner, G. P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter,
S. R., Chapin, F. S., Coe, M. T., Daily, G. C., Gibbs, H. K., Helkowski, J.
H., Holloway, T., Howard, E. A., Kucharik, C. J., Monfreda, C., Patz, J. A.,
Prentice, I. C., Ramankutty, N., and Snyder, P. K.: Global consequences of
land use, Science, 309, 570–574, 2005.
Fry, J., Xian, G., Jin, S., Dewitz, J., Homer, C., Yang, L., Barnes, C.,
Herold, N., and Wickham, J.: Completion of the 2006 National Land Cover
Database for the conterminous United States, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 77, 858–864, 2011.
Gang, C., Zhou, W., Li, J., Chen, Y., Mu, S., Ren, J., Chen, J., and
Groisman, P. Y.: Assessing the spatiotemporal variation in distribution,
extent and NPP of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change from
1911 to 2000, PLoS One, 8, e80394, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080394, 2013.
Gao, Y., Vano, J. A., Zhu, C., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Evaluating climate
change over the Colorado River basin using regional climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 116,
D13104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd015278, 2011.
Gedney, N., Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Boucher, O., Huntingford, C., and
Stott, P. A.: Detection of a direct carbon dioxide effect in continental
river runoff records, Nature 439, 835–838, 2006.
Gillson, J., Scandol, J., and Suthers, L.: Estuarine gillnet fishery catch
rates decline during drought in eastern Australia, Fish. Res., 99, 26–37, 2009.
Gordon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C.A., Banks, H., Gregory, J. M., Johns, T.
C., Mitchell, J. F. B., and Wood, R. A.: The simulation of SST, sea ice
extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled
model without flux adjustments, Clim. Dynam., 16, 147–168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050010,
2000.
Groisman, P. Y., Knight, R. W., and Karl, T. R.: Heavy precipitation and
high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth
century, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 219–246, 2001.
Groisman, P. Y., Knight, R. W., Karl, T. R., Easterling, D. R., Sun, B., and
Lawrimore, J. H.: Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the
contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations, J. Hydrometeorol., 5,
64–85, 2004.
Guardiola-Claramonte, M., Troch, P. A., Breshears, D. D., Huxman, T. E.,
Switanek, M. B., Durcik, M., and Cobb, N. S.: Decreased streamflow in
semi-arid basins following drought-induced tree die-off: a counter-intuitive
and indirect climate impact on hydrology, J. Hydrol., 406, 225–233, 2011.
Hamlet, A. F., Mote, P. W., Clark, M. P., and Lettenmaier, D. P.:
Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in
the western United States, J. Climate, 20, 1468–1486, 2007.
Hanson, P. J. and Weltzin, J. F.: Drought disturbance from climate change:
response of United States forests, Sci. Total Environ., 262, 205–220, 2000.
Harding, R., Best, M., Blyth, E., Hagemann, S., Kabat, P., Tallaksen, L. M.,
Warnaars, T., Wiberg, D., Weedon, G. P., van Lanen, H., Ludwig, F., and
Haddeland, I.: WATCH: Current knowledge of the terrestrial global water
cycle, J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 1149–1156, 2011.
Hegerl, G. C., Black, E., Allan, R. P., Ingram, W. J., Polson, D.,
Trenberth, K. E., Chadwick, R. S., Arkin, P. A., Sarojini, B. B., Becker,
A., Dai, A., Durack, P. J., Easterling, D., Fowler, H. J., Kendon, E. J.,
Huffman, G. J., Liu, C., Marsh, R., New, M., Osbornm T. J., Skliris, N.,
Stotto, P. A., Vidale, P.-L., Wijffels, S. E., Wilcox, L. J., and Zhang,
X.: Challenges in quantifying changes in the global water cycle, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96,
1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00212.1, 2014.
Hong, S.-Y., Dudhia, J., and Chen, S.-H.: A revised approach to ice
microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and
precipitation, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 103–120, 2004.
Hu, W. W., Wang, G. X., Deng, W., and Li, S. N.: The influence of dams on
ecohydrological conditions in the Huaihe River basin, China, Ecol. Eng., 33, 233–241,
2008.
Huang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Sun, S., and Yao, J.: Simulation of extreme
precipitation indices in the Yangtze River basin by using statistical
downscaling method (SDSM), Theor. Appl. Climatol., 108, 325–343, 2011.
Huntington, T. G. and Billmire, M.: Trends in precipitation, runoff, and
evapotranspiration for rivers draining to the Gulf of Maine in the United
States, J. Hydrometeorol., 15, 726–743, 2014.
Ingjerd, H., Jens, H., Hester, B., Stephanie, E., Martina, F., Naota, H.,
Markus, K., Fulco, L., Yoshimitsu, M., Jacob, S., Tobias, S., Zachary, D.
T., Yoshihide, W., and Dominik W.: Global water resources affected by human
interventions and climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3251–3256, 2014,
IPCC: Summary for policymakers, in: Climate Change 2014, Impacts,
Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects,
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Field, C. B., Barros,
V. R., Dokken, D. J., Mach, K. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E.,
Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L., Estrada, Y. O., Genova, R. C., Girma, B.,
Kissel, E. S., Levy, A. N., MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P. R., and White,
L. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA,
1–32, 2014.
Irland, L., Adams, D., Alig, R., Betz, C., Chen, C., Hutchins, M., McCarl,
B., Skog, K., and Sohngen, B.: Assessing socioeconomic impacts of climate
change on US forests, wood-product markets, and forest recreation,
Bioscience, 51, 753–764, 2001.
Jactel, H., Petit, J., Desprez-Loustau, M.-L., Delzon, S., Piou, D.,
Battisti, A., and Koricheva, J.: Drought effects on damage by forest insects
and pathogens: a meta-analysis, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 267–276, 2012.
Janjic, Z. I.: Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5
scheme in the NCEP meso-model, NCEP Office Note no. 437, 61 pp., National
Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA, 2002.
Joseph, R. and Nigam, S.: ENSO evolution and teleconnections in IPCC's
twentieth-century climate simulations: Realistic representation, J. Climate, 19,
4360–4377, 2006.
Kain, J. S. and Fritsch, J. M.: Convective parameterization for mesoscale
models: the Kain–Fritsch scheme, in: The Representation of Cumulus
Convection in Numerical Models, edited by: Emanuel, K. A. and Raymond, D.
J., American Meteorological Society, Boston, USA, 165–170, 1993.
Kundzewicz, Z. W. and Gerten, D. G.: Challenges Related to the Assessment
of Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Resources, J. Hydrol. Eng., 20, A4014011,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001012, 2015.
Labat, D., Goddéris, Y., Probst, J. L., and Guyot, J. L.: Evidence for
global runoff increase related to climate warming, Adv. Water Res., 27, 631–642, 2004.
Lee, C., Schlemme, C., Murray, J., and Unsworth, R.: The cost of climate
change: Ecosystem services and wildland fires, Ecol. Econ., 116, 261–269, 2015.
Lenihan, J. M., Bachelet, D., Neilson, R. P., and Drapek, R.: Simulated
response of conterminous United States ecosystems to climate change at
different levels of fire suppression, CO2 emission rate, and growth
response to CO2, Global Planet. Change, 64, 16–25, 2008.
Lettenmaier, D. P., Wood, E. F., and Wallis, J. R.: Hydro-climatological
trends in the continental United States, 1948–88, J. Climate, 7, 586–607, 1994.
Leung, L. R. and Qian, Y.: The sensitivity of precipitation and snowpack
simulations to model resolution via nesting in regions of complex terrain,
J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1025–1043, 2003.
Li, H., Huang, M., Wigmosta, M. S., Ke, Y., Coleman, A. M., Leung, L. R.,
Wang, A., and Ricciuto, D. M.: Evaluating runoff simulations from the
Community Land Model 4.0 using observations from flux towers and a
mountainous watershed, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016276, 2011.
Lins, H. F. and Slack, J. R.: Streamflow trends in the United States,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 227–230, 1999.
Liu, J., Wang, B., Cane, M. A., Yim, S.-Y., and Lee, J.-Y.: Divergent
global precipitation changes induced by natural versus anthropogenic
forcing, Nature, 493, 656–659, 2013a.
Liu, N., Sun, P., Liu, S., and Sun, G.: Coupling simulation of water–carbon
processes for catchment: calibration and validation of the WaSSI-C model,
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 37, 492–502, 2013b (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, Y., Prestemon, J., Goodrick, S., Holmes, T., Stanturf, J., Vose, J.,
and Sun, G.: Chapter 5: Future Wildfire Trends, Impacts, and Mitigation
Options in the Southern United States, in: Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation Management Options, edited by: Vose, J. and Klepzig, K. D.,
CRS Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 476 pp., 2013c.
Liu, Y., Xiao, J., Ju, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., and Wu, X.: Water use
efficiency of China's terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought,
Scientific Report, 5, 13799, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13799, 2015
Lockaby, G., Nagy, C., Vose, J. M., Ford, C. R., Sun, G., McNulty, S. G.,
Caldwell, P. V., Cohen, E., and Moore Myers, J. A.: Water and forests, in:
The Southern Forest Futures Project: Technical Report, edited by: Wear, D.
N. and Greis, J. G., General Technical Report, USDA Forest Service, Southern
Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA, 2011.
Magoulick, D. D. and Kobza, R. M.: The role of refugia for fishes during
drought: a review and synthesis, Freshwater Biol., 48, 1186–1198, 2003.
Mao, Y., Nijssen, B., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Is climate change implicated in
the 2013-2014 California drought? A hydrologic perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2805–2813,
2015.
Marengo, J. A., Tomasella, J., Cardoso, M. F., and Oyama, M. D.:
Hydro-climatic and ecological behaviour of the drought of Amazonia in 2005,
Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 363, 1773–1778, 2008.
Marion, D. A., Sun, G., Caldwell, P. V., Miniat, C. F., Ouyang, Y., Amatya,
D. M., Clinton, B. D., Conrads, P. A., Gull Laird, S., Dai, Z., Clingenpeel,
J. A., Liu, Y., Roehl Jr., E. A., Myers, J. A. M., and Trettin, C.: Managing
forest water quantity and quality under climate change, in: Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource
Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems, edited by: Vose, J. M. and Klepzig,
K. D., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 249–305, 2014.
McCabe, G. J.: A step increase in streamflow in the conterminous United
States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2185, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015999, 2002.
McCabe, G. J. and Markstrom, S. L.: A monthly water-balance model driven by
a graphical user interface, US Geological Survey Open-File report
2007–1088, 6 pp., US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA, 2007.
McCabe, G. J. and Wolock, D. M.: Future snowpack conditions in the western
United States derived from general circulation model climate simulations,
J. Am. Water Resour. As., 35, 1473–1484, 1999.
McCabe, G. J. and Wolock, D. M.: Independent effects of temperature and
precipitation on modeled runoff in the conterminous United States, Water Resour. Res., 47,
W11522, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010630, 2011.
McCabe, G. J. and Wolock, D. M.: Spatial and temporal patterns in
conterminous United States streamflow characteristics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6889–6897,
2014.
McNulty, S. G., Cohen, E. C., Sun, G., and Caldwell, P.: Chapter 1.7:
Hydrologic Modelling for Water Resource Assessment in a Developing Country:
the Rwanda Case Study. in: Watershed Modeling, edited by: Lafforgue M., in
press, 2016.
Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., and Tebaldi, C.: Understanding future
patterns of increased precipitation intensity in climate model simulations,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18719, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023680, 2005.
Miller-Rushing, A. J., Primack, R. B., Templer, P. H., Rathbone, S., and
Mukunda, S.: Long-term relationships among atmospheric CO2, stomata,
and intrinsic water use efficiency in individual trees, Am. J. Bot., 96, 1779–1786,
2009.
Milly, P. C., Dunne, K. A., and Vecchia, A. V.: Global pattern of trends in
streamflow and water availability in a changing climate, Nature, 438, 347–350,
2005.
Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S.
A.: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated
correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd00237,
1997.
Myneni, R. B., Keeling, C. D., Tucker, C. J., Asrar, G., and Nemani, R. R.:
Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991,
Nature, 386, 698–702, 1997.
Nakicenvoic, N. and Swart, R.: Special report on emissions scenarios. A
special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 599 pp., 2000.
National Research Council: Estimating Water Use in the United States – A new
paradigm for the national water use information program, The National
Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, 176 pp., 2002.
Nemani, R. R., Keeling, C. D., Hashimoto, H., Jolly, W. M., Piper, S. C.,
Tucker, C. J., Myneni, R. B., and Running, S. W.: Climate-driven increases
in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999, Science, 300,
1560–1563, 2003.
Neary, D. G., Ryan, K. C., and DeBano, L. F.: Wildland fire in
ecosystems: Effects of fire on soil and water. Gen. Tech. Rep.
RMRS-GTR-32-vol. 4. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky
Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, USA, 250–251, 2005.
Noake, K., Polson, D., Hegerl, G., and Zhang, X.: Changes in seasonal land
precipitation during the latter twentieth-century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03706,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl050405, 2012.
Nolan, R. H., Lane, P. N. J., Benyon, R. G., Bradstock, R. A., and Mitchell,
P. J.: Changes in evapotranspiration following wildfire in resprouting
eucalypt forests, Ecohydrology, 7, 1363–1377, 2014.
Nolan, R. H., Lane, P. N. J., Benyon, R. G., Bradstock, R. A., and Mitchell,
P. J.: Trends in evapotranspiration and streamflow following wildfire in
resprouting eucalypt forests, J. Hydrol., 524, 614–624, 2015.
Oki, T. and Kanae, S.: Global hydrological cycles and world water
resources, Science, 313, 1068–1072, 2006.
Overgaard, J., Rosbjerg, D., and Butts, M. B.: Land-surface modelling in hydrological
perspective – a review, Biogeosciences, 3, 229–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006.
Overpeck, J. T., Rind, D., and Goldberg, R.: Climate-induced changes in
forest disturbance and vegetation, Nature, 343, 51–53, 1990.
Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Myneni, R. B., Chen, A., Chevallier, F.,
Dolman, A. J., Janssens, I. A., Peñuelas, J., Zhang, G., Vicca, S., Wan,
S., Wang, S., and Zeng, H.: Asymmetric effects of daytime and night-time
warming on Northern Hemisphere vegetation, Nature, 501, 88–92, 2013.
Pennington, D. D. and Collins, S. L.: Response of an aridland ecosystem to
interannual climate variability and prolonged drought, Landscape Ecol., 22, 897–910, 2007.
Piao, S., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., de Noblet-Ducoudre, N., Labat, D.,
and Zaehle, S.: Changes in climate and land use have a larger direct impact
than rising CO2 on global river runoff trends, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 15242–15247,
2007.
Piao, S., Yin, G., Tan, J., Cheng, L., Huang, M., Li, Y., Liu, R., Mao, J.,
Myneni, R. B., Peng, S., Poulter, B., Shi, X., Xiao, Z., Zeng, N., Zeng, Z.,
and Wang, Y.: Detection and attribution of vegetation greening trend in
China over the last 30 years, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 1601–1609, 2015.
Piontek, F., Muller, C., Pugh, T. A., Clark, D. B., Deryng, D., Elliott, J.,
de Jesus Colón Gonzálezf, F., Flörke, M., Folberth, C.,
Franssen, W., Frieler, K., Friend, A. D., Gosling, S. N., Hemming, D.,
Khabarov, N., Kim, H., Lomas, M. R., Masaki, Y., Mengel, M., Morse, A.,
Neuman, K., Nishina, K., Ostberg, S., Pavlick, R., Ruane, A. C., Schewe, J.,
Schmid, E., Stacke, T., Tang, Q., Tessler, Z. D., Tompkins, A. M.,
Warszawski, L., Wisser, D., and Schellnhuber, H. J.: Multisectoral climate
impact hotspots in a warming world, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3233–3238, 2014.
Pope, V. D., Gallani, M. L., Rowntree, P. R., and Stratton, R. A.: The
impact of new physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre climate
model-HadAM3, Clim. Dynam., 16, 123–146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050009, 2000.
PRISM Climate Group: Descriptions of PRISM spatial climate datasets for the
conterminous United States, available at: http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/documents/PRISM_datasets_aug2013.pdf, last access: 1 May 2013.
Qi, S., Sun, G., Wang, Y., McNulty, S. G., and Moore, M. J. A.: Streamflow
response to climate and landuse changes in a coastal watershed in North
Carolina, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineer, 52, 739–749, 2009.
Reichler, T. and Kim, J.: How Well Do Coupled Models Simulate Today's
Climate?, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89, 303–311, 2008.
Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Ciais, P., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Seneviratne,
S., Zscheischler, J., Beer, C., Buchmann, N., Frank, D. C., Papale, D.,
Rammig, A., Smith, P., Thonicke, K., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Walz, A.,
and Wattenbach, M.: Climate extremes and the carbon cycle, Nature, 500, 287–295,
2013.
Sagarika, S., Kalra, A., and Ahmad, S.: Evaluating the effect of persistence
on long-term trends and analyzing step changes in streamflows of the
continental United States, J. Hydrol., 517, 36–53, 2014.
Sankarasubramanian, A.: Hydroclimatology of the continental United States,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1363, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015937, 2003.
Sankarasubramanian, A., Vogel, R. M., and Limbrunner, J. F.: Climate
elasticity of streamflow in the United States, Water Resour. Res., 37, 1771–1781, 2001.
Scheff, J. and Frierson, D. M. W.: Robust future precipitation declines in
CMIP5 largely reflect the poleward expansion of model subtropical dry zones,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052910, 2012.
Schewe, J., Heinke, J., Gerten, D., Haddeland, I., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D.
B., Dankers, R., Eisner, S., Fekete, B. M., Colón-González, F. J.,
Gosling, S. N., Kim, H., Liu, X., Masaki, Y., Portman, F. T., Satoh, Y.,
Stacke, T., Tang, Q., Wada, Y., Wisser, D., Albrecht, T., Frieler, K.,
Piontek, F., Warszawski, L., and Kabat, P.: Multimodel assessment of water
scarcity under climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3245–3250, 2014.
Schilling, K. E., Jha, M. K., Zhang, Y.-K., Gassman, P. W., and Wolter, C.
F.: Impact of land use and land cover change on the water balance of a large
agricultural watershed: Historical effects and future directions, Water Resour. Res., 44,
W00A09, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006644, 2008.
Schoeneweiss, D. F.: The role of environmental stress in diseases of woody
plants, Plant Dis., 65, 308–314, 1981.
Scholze, M., Knorr, W., Arnell, N. W., and Prentice, I. C.: A climate-change
risk analysis for world ecosystems, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 13116–13120, 2006.
Sedláček, J. and Knutti, R.: Half of the world's population
experience robust changes in the water cycle for a 2° C warmer
world, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 044008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/044008, 2014.
Seneviratne, S. I., Luthi, D., Litschi, M., and Schar, C.: Land-atmosphere
coupling and climate change in Europe, Nature, 443, 205–209,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05095, 2006.
Sitch, S., Huntingford, C., Gedney, N., Levy, P. E., Lomas, M., Piao, S. L.,
Betts, R., Ciais, P., Cox, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, C. D., Prentice,
I. C., and Woodward, F. I.: Evaluation of the terrestrial carbon cycle,
future plant geography and climate-carbon cycle feedbacks using five Dynamic
Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2015–2039, 2008.
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, G. O., Barker, D. M.,
Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A description of the advanced research WRF
version 2, TN-468+STR, NCAR Technical Note, Mesoscale and Microscale
Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
Colorado, USA, 100 pp., 2005.
Sohngen, B. and Mendelsohn, R.: Valuing the impact of large-scale
ecological change in a market: the effect of climate change on US timber,
Am. Econ. Rev., 88, 686–710, 1998.
Somerville, C. and Briscoe, J.: Genetic engineering and water, Science, 292, p. 2217,
2001.
Sun, G., Alstad, K., Chen, J., Chen, S., Ford, C. R., Lin, G., Liu, C., Lu,
N., McNulty, S. G., Miao, H., Noormets, A., Vose, J. M., Wilske, B., Zeppel,
M., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, Z.: A general predictive model for estimating
monthly ecosystem evapotranspiration, Ecohydrology, 4, 245–255, 2011a.
Sun, G., Caldwell, P., Noormets, A., Cohen, E., McNulty, S., Treasure, E.,
Domec, J. C., Mu, Q., Xiao, J., John, R., and Chen, J.: Upscaling key
ecosystem functions across the conterminous United States by a water-centric
ecosystem model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00J05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001573, 2011b.
Sun, G., McNulty, S. G., Myers, J. A. M., and Cohen, E.: Impacts of multiple
stresses on water demand and supply across the southeastern United States,
J. Am. Water Resour. As., 44, 1441–1457, 2008.
Sun, S., Chen, H., Ju, W., Yu, M., Hua, W., and Yin, Y.: On the attribution
of the changing hydrological cycle in Poyang Lake Basin, China, J. Hydrol., 514,
214–225, 2014.
Sun, S., Sun, G., Caldwell, P., McNulty, S., Cohen, E., Xiao, J., and Zhang,
Y.: Drought impacts on ecosystem functions of the US National Forests and
Grasslands: Part II assessment results and management implications, Forest Ecol. Manag., 353,
269-279, 2015a.
Sun, S., Sun, G., Caldwell, P., McNulty, S. G., Cohen, E., Xiao, J., and
Zhang, Y.: Drought impacts on ecosystem functions of the US National
Forests and Grasslands: Part I evaluation of a water and carbon balance
model, Forest Ecol. Manag., 353, 260–268, 2015b.
Syed, T. H., Famiglietti, J. S., Chambers, D. P., Willis, J. K., and
Hilburn, K.: Satellite-based global-ocean mass balance estimates of
interannual variability and emerging trends in continental freshwater
discharge, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 17916–17921, 2010.
Tavernia, B. G., Nelson, M. D., Caldwell, P. V., and Sun, G.: Water stress
projections for the northeastern and midwestern United States in 2060:
Anthropogenic and ecological consequences, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 49, 938–952, 2013.
Tebaldi, C., Hayhoe, K., Arblaster, J. M., and Meehl, G. A.: Going to the
extremes: An intercomparison of model-simulated historical and future
changes in extreme events, Climatic Change, 79, 185–211, 2006.
Theiling, C. H., Maher, R. J., and Sparks, R. E.: Effects of variable annual
hydrology on a river regulated for navigation: Pool 26, Upper Mississippi
River System, J. Freshwater Ecol., 11, 101–114, 1996.
Thomas, D. S. K., Wilhelmi, O. V., Finnessey, T. N., and Deheza, V.: A
comprehensive framework for tourism and recreation drought vulnerability
reduction, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 575–591, 2013.
Thompson, J. R., Foster, D. R., Scheller, R., and Kittredge, D.: The
influence of land use and climate change on forest biomass and composition
in Massachusetts, USA, Ecol. Appl., 21, 2425–2444, 2011.
Trenberth, K. E.: Changes in precipitation with climate change, Clim. Res., 47,
123–138, 2011.
van Oldenborgh, G. J., Philip, S. Y., and Collins, M: El Niño in a changing
climate: a multi-model study, Ocean Sci., 1, 81–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-1-81-2005,
2005.
Wang, C., Cao, R., Chen, J., Rao, Y., and Tang, Y.: Temperature sensitivity
of spring vegetation phenology correlates to within-spring warming speed
over the Northern Hemisphere, Ecol. Indic., 50, 62–68, 2015.
Wang, D. and Hejazi, M.: Quantifying the relative contribution of the
climate and direct human impacts on mean annual streamflow in the contiguous
United States, Water Resour. Res., 47, W00J12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010283, 2011.
Wang, F., Notaro, M., Liu, Z., and Chen, G.: Observed local and remote
influences of vegetation on the atmosphere across north America using a
model-validated statistical technique that first excludes oceanic forcings,
J. Climate, 27, 362–382, 2014.
Wi, S., Dominguez, F., Durcik, M., Valdes, J., Diaz, H. F., and Castro, C.
L.: Climate change projection of snowfall in the Colorado River Basin using
dynamical downscaling, Water Resour. Res., 48, W05504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010674, 2012.
Williams, I. N., Torn, M. S., Riley, W. J., and Wehner, M. F.: Impacts of
climate extremes on gross primary production under global warming,
Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 094011, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094011, 2014.
Wood, A. W.: Long-range experimental hydrologic forecasting for the eastern
United States, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4429, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000659, 2002.
Wood, A. W., Leung, L. R., Sridhar, V., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Hydrologic
implications of dynamical and statistical approaches to downscaling climate
model outputs, Climatic Change, 62, 189–216, 2004.
Xu, X., Liu, W., Rafique, R., and Wang, K.: Revisiting continental US
hydrologic change in the latter half of the 20th century, Water Resour. Manag., 27, 4337–4348,
2013.
Xue, Y., Janjic, Z., Dudhia, J., Vasic, R., and De Sales, F.: A review on
regional dynamical downscaling in intraseasonal to seasonal
simulation/prediction and major factors that affect downscaling ability,
Atmos. Res., 147–148, 68–85, 2014.
Yao, S.: Effects of fire disturbance on forest hydrology, J. Forest. Res.-JPN, 14, 331–334,
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02857863, 2003.
Yu, M., Wang, G., Parr, D., and Ahmed, K. F.: Future changes of the
terrestrial ecosystem based on a dynamic vegetation model driven with RCP8.5
climate projections from 19 GCMs, Climatic Change, 127, 257–271, 2014.
Zhang, F., Ju, W., Shen, S., Wang, S., Yu, G., and Han S.: How recent
climate change influences water use efficiency in East Asia, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 116, 359–370,
2014.
Zhang, Y., Moran, M. S., Nearing, M. A., Ponce Campos, G. E., Huete, A. R.,
Buda, A. R., Bosch, D. D., Gunter, S. A., Kitchen, S. G., McNab, W. H.,
Morgan, J. A., McClaran, M. P., Montoya, D. S., Peters, D. P. C., and
Starks, P. J.: Extreme precipitation patterns and reductions of terrestrial
ecosystem production across biomes, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 148–157,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002136, 2013.
Zhang, Y., Song, C., Zhang, K., Cheng, X., Band, L. E., and Zhang, Q.:
Effects of land use/land cover and climate changes on terrestrial net
primary productivity in the Yangtze River Basin, China, from 2001 to 2010,
J. Geophys. Res., 119, 1092–1109, 2014.
Short summary
This study links an ecohydrological model with WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) dynamically downscaled climate projections of the HadCM3 model under the IPCC SRES A2 emission scenario. Water yield and ecosystem productivity response to climate change were highly variable with an increasing trend across the 82 773 watersheds. Results are useful for policy-makers and land managers in formulating appropriate watershed-specific strategies for sustaining water and carbon sources.
This study links an ecohydrological model with WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model)...
