Articles | Volume 20, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4359-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4359-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Oct 2016
Research article |
| 26 Oct 2016
Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Christine Alewell
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Panos Panagos
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
Katrin Meusburger
Environmental Geosciences, University of
Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
Related authors
Pedro V. G. Batista, Peter Fiener, Simon Scheper, and Christine Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3753–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy agricultural landscapes have a large number of small fields, which are separated by linear features such as roads and field borders. When eroded sediments are transported out of the agricultural fields by surface runoff, these features can influence sediment connectivity. By use of measured data and a simulation model, we demonstrate how a dense road network (and its drainage system) facilitates sediment transport from fields to water courses in a patchy Swiss agricultural catchment.
Nejc Bezak, Panos Panagos, Leonidas Liakos, and Matjaž Mikoš
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3885–3893, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3885-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3885-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme flooding occurred in Slovenia in August 2023. This brief communication examines the main causes, mechanisms and effects of this event. The flood disaster of August 2023 can be described as relatively extreme and was probably the most extreme flood event in Slovenia in recent decades. The economic damage was large and could amount to well over 5 % of Slovenia's annual gross domestic product; the event also claimed three lives.
Francis Matthews, Panos Panagos, Arthur Fendrich, and Gert Verstraeten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2693, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2693, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We assess if a simplistic model can simulate the timing of soil erosion and sediment transport (delivery) in several small agricultural catchments in North-West Europe. The findings show that the loss of soil in fields and the delivery of sediment to streams are related in complex (non-linear) ways through time which impact our knowledge of soil redistribution. Furthermore, we show how adaptations of simplistic models can be used to reveal the missing processes which require future developments.
Katrin Meusburger, Paolo Porto, Judith Kobler Waldis, and Christine Alewell
SOIL, 9, 399–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying soil redistribution rates is a global challenge. Radiogenic tracers such as plutonium, namely 239+240Pu, released to the atmosphere by atmospheric bomb testing in the 1960s are promising tools to quantify soil redistribution. Direct validation of 239+240Pu as soil redistribution is, however, still missing. Here, we used a unique sediment yield time series in southern Italy, reaching back to the initial fallout of 239+240Pu to verify 239+240Pu as a soil redistribution tracer.
Arthur Nicolaus Fendrich, Philippe Ciais, Emanuele Lugato, Marco Carozzi, Bertrand Guenet, Pasquale Borrelli, Victoria Naipal, Matthew McGrath, Philippe Martin, and Panos Panagos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7835–7857, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7835-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7835-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, spatially explicit models for soil carbon stock can simulate the impacts of several changes. However, they do not incorporate the erosion, lateral transport, and deposition (ETD) of soil material. The present work developed ETD formulation, illustrated model calibration and validation for Europe, and presented the results for a depositional site. We expect that our work advances ETD models' description and facilitates their reproduction and incorporation in land surface models.
Pedro V. G. Batista, Peter Fiener, Simon Scheper, and Christine Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3753–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy agricultural landscapes have a large number of small fields, which are separated by linear features such as roads and field borders. When eroded sediments are transported out of the agricultural fields by surface runoff, these features can influence sediment connectivity. By use of measured data and a simulation model, we demonstrate how a dense road network (and its drainage system) facilitates sediment transport from fields to water courses in a patchy Swiss agricultural catchment.
Nejc Bezak, Pasquale Borrelli, and Panos Panagos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1907–1924, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1907-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall erosivity is one of the main factors in soil erosion. A satellite-based global map of rainfall erosivity was constructed using data with a 30 min time interval. It was shown that the satellite-based precipitation products are an interesting option for estimating rainfall erosivity, especially in regions with limited ground data. However, ground-based high-frequency precipitation measurements are (still) essential for accurate estimates of rainfall erosivity.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Pasi Rautio, Bernd Ahrends, Alexander Russ, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Volkmar Timmermann, Nadine Eickenscheidt, Alfred Fürst, Martin Greve, Peter Roskams, Anne Thimonier, Manuel Nicolas, Anna Kowalska, Morten Ingerslev, Päivi Merilä, Sue Benham, Carmen Iacoban, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 19, 1335–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous mercury is present in the atmosphere all over the globe. During the growing season, plants take up mercury from the air in a similar way as CO2. We investigated which factors impact this vegetational mercury uptake by analyzing a large dataset of leaf mercury uptake rates of trees in Europe. As a result, we conclude that mercury uptake is foremost controlled by tree-intrinsic traits like physiological activity but also by climatic factors like dry conditions in the air and in soils.
Lauren Zweifel, Maxim Samarin, Katrin Meusburger, and Christine Alewell
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3421–3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mountainous grassland areas can be severely affected by soil erosion, such as by shallow landslides. With an automated mapping approach we are able to locate shallow-landslide sites on aerial images for 10 different study sites across Swiss mountain regions covering a total of 315 km2. Using a statistical model we identify important explanatory variables for shallow-landslide occurrence for the individual sites as well as across all regions, which highlight slope, aspect and terrain roughness.
Maral Khodadadi, Christine Alewell, Mohammad Mirzaei, Ehssan Ehssan-Malahat, Farrokh Asadzadeh, Peter Strauss, and Katrin Meusburger
SOIL Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-2, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Forest soils store carbon and therefore play an important role in mitigating climate change impacts. Yet again, deforestation for farming and grazing purposes has grown rapidly over the last decades. Thus, its impacts on soil erosion and soil quality should be understood in order to adopt sustainable management measures. The results of this study indicated that deforestation can prompt soil loss by multiple orders of magnitude and deteriorate the soil quality in both topsoil and subsoil.
Claudia Mignani, Jörg Wieder, Michael A. Sprenger, Zamin A. Kanji, Jan Henneberger, Christine Alewell, and Franz Conen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 657–664, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most precipitation above land starts with ice in clouds. It is promoted by extremely rare particles. Some ice-nucleating particles (INPs) cause cloud droplets to already freeze above −15°C, a temperature at which many clouds begin to snow. We found that the abundance of such INPs among other particles of similar size is highest in precipitating air masses and lowest when air carries desert dust. This brings us closer to understanding the interactions between land, clouds, and precipitation.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Stefan Osterwalder, Carl Joseph, Ansgar Kahmen, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 17, 6441–6456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6441-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury uptake by trees from the air represents an important but poorly quantified pathway in the global mercury cycle. We determined mercury uptake fluxes by leaves and needles at 10 European forests which were 4 times larger than mercury deposition via rainfall. The amount of mercury taken up by leaves and needles depends on their age and growing height on the tree. Scaling up our measurements to the forest area of Europe, we estimate that each year 20 t of mercury is taken up by trees.
Miriam Groß-Schmölders, Pascal von Sengbusch, Jan Paul Krüger, Kristy Klein, Axel Birkholz, Jens Leifeld, and Christine Alewell
SOIL, 6, 299–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Degradation turns peatlands into a source of CO2. There is no cost- or time-efficient method available for indicating peatland hydrology or the success of restoration. We found that 15N values have a clear link to microbial communities and degradation. We identified trends in natural, drained and rewetted conditions and concluded that 15N depth profiles can act as a reliable and efficient tool for obtaining information on current hydrology, restoration success and drainage history.
Pranav Hirave, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, Axel Birkholz, and Christine Alewell
Biogeosciences, 17, 2169–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment input into water bodies is a prominent threat to freshwater ecosystems. We tested the stability of tracers employed in freshwater sediment tracing based on compound-specific isotope analysis during early degradation in soil. While bulk δ13C values showed no stability, δ13C values of plant-derived fatty acids and n-alkanes were stably transferred to the soil without soil particle size dependency after an early degradation in organic horizons, thus indicating their suitability as tracers.
Jeppe Aagaard Kristensen, Thomas Balstrøm, Robert J. A. Jones, Arwyn Jones, Luca Montanarella, Panos Panagos, and Henrik Breuning-Madsen
SOIL, 5, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-289-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-289-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In a world of increasing pressure on our environment, large-scale knowledge about our soil resources is in high demand. We show how five decades of collaboration between EU member states resulted in a full-coverage soil profile analytical database for Europe (SPADE), with soil data provided by soil experts from each country. We show how the dataset can be applied to estimate soil organic carbon in Europe and suggest further improvement to this critical support tool in continental-scale policies.
Marlène Lavrieux, Axel Birkholz, Katrin Meusburger, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, Adrian Gilli, Christian Stamm, and Christine Alewell
Biogeosciences, 16, 2131–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2131-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2131-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A fingerprinting approach using compound-specific stable isotopes was applied to a lake sediment core to reconstruct erosion processes over the past 150 years in a Swiss catchment. Even though the reconstruction of land use and eutrophication history was successful, the observation of comparatively low δ13C values of plant-derived fatty acids in the sediment suggests their alteration within the lake. Thus, their use as a tool for source attribution in sediment cores needs further investigation.
Claudia Mignani, Jessie M. Creamean, Lukas Zimmermann, Christine Alewell, and Franz Conen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 877–886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-877-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-877-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A snow crystal can be generated from an ice nucleating particle or from an ice splinter. In this study we made use of the fact that snow crystals with a particular shape (dendrites) grow within a narrow temperature range (−12 to −17 °C) and can be analysed individually for the presence of an ice nucleating particle. Our direct approach revealed that only one in eight crystals contained such a particle and was of primary origin. The other crystals must have grown from ice splinters.
Laura Arata, Katrin Meusburger, Alexandra Bürge, Markus Zehringer, Michael E. Ketterer, Lionel Mabit, and Christine Alewell
SOIL, 3, 113–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-113-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-113-2017, 2017
Emiliano Stopelli, Franz Conen, Caroline Guilbaud, Jakob Zopfi, Christine Alewell, and Cindy E. Morris
Biogeosciences, 14, 1189–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1189-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1189-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of precipitation collected at high altitude, this study provides a relevant advancement in the assessment of the major factors responsible for the abundance and variability of airborne bacterial cells and Pseudomonas syringae in relation to ice nucleators. This is of prime importance to obtain a better understanding of the impact of ice-nucleation-active organisms on the development of precipitation and to determine the dispersal potential of airborne microorganisms.
Emiliano Stopelli, Franz Conen, Cindy E. Morris, Erik Herrmann, Stephan Henne, Martin Steinbacher, and Christine Alewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8341–8351, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8341-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8341-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the variability of ice nucleating particles (INPs) helps determining their role in the formation of precipitation. Here we describe and predict the concentrations of INPs active at −8 °C in precipitation samples collected at Jungfraujoch (CH, 3580 m a.s.l.). A high abundance of these INPs can be expected whenever a coincidence of high wind speed and first precipitation from an air mass occurs. This expands the set of conditions where such INPs could affect the onset of precipitation.
Christine Alewell, Axel Birkholz, Katrin Meusburger, Yael Schindler Wildhaber, and Lionel Mabit
Biogeosciences, 13, 1587–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Origin of suspended sediments in rivers is of crucial importance for optimization of catchment management. Sediment source attribution to a lowland river in central Switzerland with compound specific stable isotopes analysis (CSIA) indicated that 65 % of the suspended sediments originated from agricultural land during base flow, while forest was the dominant source during high flow. We achieved significant differences in CSIA signature from land uses dominated by C3 plant cultivation.
S. Osterwalder, J. Fritsche, C. Alewell, M. Schmutz, M. B. Nilsson, G. Jocher, J. Sommar, J. Rinne, and K. Bishop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 509–524, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-509-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-509-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities have increased mercury (Hg) cycling between land and atmosphere. To define landscapes as sinks or sources of Hg we have developed an advanced REA system for long-term measurements of gaseous elemental Hg exchange. It was tested in two contrasting environments: above Basel, Switzerland, and a peatland in Sweden. Both landscapes showed net Hg emission (15 and 3 ng m−2 h−1, respectively). The novel system will help to advance our understanding of Hg exchange on an ecosystem scale.
J. P. Krüger, J. Leifeld, S. Glatzel, S. Szidat, and C. Alewell
Biogeosciences, 12, 2861–2871, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2861-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2861-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Biogeochemical soil parameters are studied to detect peatland degradation along a land use gradient (intensive, extensive, near-natural). Stable carbon isotopes, radiocarbon ages and ash content confirm peat growth in the near-natural bog but also indicate previous degradation. When the bog is managed extensively or intensively as grassland, all parameters indicate degradation and substantial C loss of the order of 18.8 to 42.9 kg C m-2.
C. Bosco, D. de Rigo, O. Dewitte, J. Poesen, and P. Panagos
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 225–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-225-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-225-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A new pan-European map of soil erosion is presented following a novel extension of the RUSLE model (e-RUSLE) designed for data-poor regional assessment and for identifying areas in Europe where to concentrate efforts for preventing soil degradation. e-RUSLE exploits the array-based semantics of a multiplicity of factors (semantic array programming). A climatic ensemble of an array of erosivity equations is considered along with a new factor for better considering soil stoniness within the model.
K. Meusburger, G. Leitinger, L. Mabit, M. H. Mueller, A. Walter, and C. Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3763–3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3763-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3763-2014, 2014
S. Stanchi, M. Freppaz, E. Ceaglio, M. Maggioni, K. Meusburger, C. Alewell, and E. Zanini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1761–1771, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1761-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1761-2014, 2014
J. P. Krüger, J. Leifeld, and C. Alewell
Biogeosciences, 11, 3369–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3369-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3369-2014, 2014
E. Stopelli, F. Conen, L. Zimmermann, C. Alewell, and C. E. Morris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 129–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-129-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-129-2014, 2014
K. Meusburger, L. Mabit, J.-H. Park, T. Sandor, and C. Alewell
Biogeosciences, 10, 5627–5638, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5627-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5627-2013, 2013
K. Meusburger, G. Leitinger, L. Mabit, M. H. Mueller, and C. Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-9505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-9505-2013, 2013
Preprint withdrawn
M. H. Mueller, R. Weingartner, and C. Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1661–1679, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1661-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1661-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Ecohydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Machine learning and global vegetation: random forests for downscaling and gap filling
Unraveling phenological and stomatal responses to flash drought and implications for water and carbon budgets
Bias-blind and bias-aware assimilation of leaf area index into the Noah-MP land surface model over Europe
Regional patterns and drivers of water flows along environmental, functional and stand structure gradients in Spanish forests
Technical note: Seamless extraction and analysis of river networks in R
Advancing stream classification and hydrologic modeling of ungaged basins for environmental flow management in coastal southern California
Improving regional climate simulations based on a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method
A comprehensive assessment of in situ and remote sensing soil moisture data assimilation in the APSIM model for improving agricultural forecasting across the US Midwest
Does non-stationarity induced by multiyear drought invalidate the paired-catchment method?
Is the reputation of Eucalyptus plantations for using more water than Pinus plantations justified?
Attributing trend in naturalized streamflow to temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in the Yellow River basin of China
Impacts of different types of El Niño events on water quality over the Corn Belt, United States
Leveraging sap flow data in a catchment-scale hybrid model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates
Coupled modelling of hydrological processes and grassland production in two contrasting climates
Does maximization of net carbon profit enable the prediction of vegetation behaviour in savanna sites along a precipitation gradient?
Modelling the artificial forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root–soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China
A deep learning hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach for estimating evapotranspiration and ecosystem respiration
Vegetation greening weakened the capacity of water supply to China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling
How does water yield respond to mountain pine beetle infestation in a semiarid forest?
Daily soil temperature modeling improved by integrating observed snow cover and estimated soil moisture in the USA Great Plains
Plant hydraulic transport controls transpiration sensitivity to soil water stress
Drought onset and propagation into soil moisture and grassland vegetation responses during the 2012–2019 major drought in Southern California
Quantifying the effects of urban green space on water partitioning and ages using an isotope-based ecohydrological model
Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO2 fertilization on global terrestrial runoff over 1982–2010: accounting for aboveground and belowground vegetation–CO2 effects
Global ecosystem-scale plant hydraulic traits retrieved using model–data fusion
Quantifying the effects of land use and model scale on water partitioning and water ages using tracer-aided ecohydrological models
Quantification of ecohydrological sensitivities and their influencing factors at the seasonal scale
Canopy temperature and heat stress are increased by compound high air temperature and water stress and reduced by irrigation – a modeling analysis
Evaluating a landscape-scale daily water balance model to support spatially continuous representation of flow intermittency throughout stream networks
Testing water fluxes and storage from two hydrology configurations within the ORCHIDEE land surface model across US semi-arid sites
Novel Keeling-plot-based methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor
Disentangling temporal and population variability in plant root water uptake from stable isotopic analysis: when rooting depth matters in labeling studies
Calibration of hydrological models for ecologically relevant streamflow predictions: a trade-off between fitting well to data and estimating consistent parameter sets?
Spatial variability of mean daily estimates of actual evaporation from remotely sensed imagery and surface reference data
Quantification of soil water balance components based on continuous soil moisture measurement and the Richards equation in an irrigated agricultural field of a desert oasis
Mapping the suitability of groundwater-dependent vegetation in a semi-arid Mediterranean area
Modeling boreal forest evapotranspiration and water balance at stand and catchment scales: a spatial approach
The 18O ecohydrology of a grassland ecosystem – predictions and observations
A comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for discharge and nitrate-nitrogen loads involving multiple discrete model inputs under future changing conditions
Dynamic responses of DOC and DIC transport to different flow regimes in a subtropical small mountainous river
Evaluation of ORCHIDEE-MICT-simulated soil moisture over China and impacts of different atmospheric forcing data
Testing an optimality-based model of rooting zone water storage capacity in temperate forests
A regional-scale ecological risk framework for environmental flow evaluations
Climate-driven disturbances in the San Juan River sub-basin of the Colorado River
Dominant effect of increasing forest biomass on evapotranspiration: interpretations of movement in Budyko space
Modeling the potential impacts of climate change on the water table level of selected forested wetlands in the southeastern United States
Calibration of a parsimonious distributed ecohydrological daily model in a data-scarce basin by exclusively using the spatio-temporal variation of NDVI
Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows in aquatic microhabitats
Waning habitats due to climate change: the effects of changes in streamflow and temperature at the rear edge of the distribution of a cold-water fish
Barry van Jaarsveld, Sandra M. Hauswirth, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2357–2374, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought often manifests itself in vegetation; however, obtaining high-resolution remote-sensing products that are spatially and temporally consistent is difficult. In this study, we show that machine learning (ML) can fill data gaps in existing products. We also demonstrate that ML can be used as a downscaling tool. By relying on ML for gap filling and downscaling, we can obtain a more holistic view of the impacts of drought on vegetation.
Nicholas K. Corak, Jason A. Otkin, Trent W. Ford, and Lauren E. L. Lowman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1827–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate how dynamic vegetation interacts with the atmosphere during extreme drought events known as flash droughts. We find that plants nearly halt water and carbon exchanges and limit their growth during flash drought. This work has implications for how to account for changes in vegetation state during extreme drought events when making predictions under future climate scenarios.
Samuel Scherrer, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Zdenko Heyvaert, Michel Bechtold, Clement Albergel, Tarek S. El-Madany, and Wouter Dorigo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4087–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored different options for data assimilation (DA) of the remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI). We found strong biases between LAI predicted by Noah-MP and observations. LAI DA that does not take these biases into account can induce unphysical patterns in the resulting LAI and flux estimates and leads to large changes in the climatology of root zone soil moisture. We tested two bias-correction approaches and explored alternative solutions to treating bias in LAI DA.
Jesús Sánchez-Dávila, Miquel De Cáceres, Jordi Vayreda, and Javier Retana
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-255, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Forest blue water is determined by climate, functional traits and stand structure variables. LAI is the main driver in the trade-off between the blue and green water. Blue water is concentrated in the autumn-winter season and deciduous trees can increase the relative blue water. The leave phenology and seasonal distribution are determinants in the relative blue water.
Luca Carraro
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3733–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mathematical models are key to the study of environmental processes in rivers. Such models often require information on river morphology from geographic information system (GIS) software, which hinders the use of replicable workflows. Here I present rivnet, an R package for simple, robust, GIS-free extraction and analysis of river networks. The package is designed so as to require minimal user input and is oriented towards ecohydrological, ecological and biogeochemical modeling.
Stephen K. Adams, Brian P. Bledsoe, and Eric D. Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3021–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3021-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing streams for environmental flows involves prioritizing healthy stream ecosystems while distributing water resources. Classifying streams of similar types is a useful step in developing environmental flows. Environmental flows are often developed on data-poor streams that must be modeled. This paper has developed a new method of classification that prioritizes model accuracy. The new method advances environmental streamflow management and modeling of data-poor watersheds.
Xinlei He, Yanping Li, Shaomin Liu, Tongren Xu, Fei Chen, Zhenhua Li, Zhe Zhang, Rui Liu, Lisheng Song, Ziwei Xu, Zhixing Peng, and Chen Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1583–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1583-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the role of integrating vegetation and multi-source soil moisture observations in regional climate models via a hybrid data assimilation and machine learning method. In particular, we show that this approach can improve land surface fluxes, near-surface atmospheric conditions, and land–atmosphere interactions by implementing detailed land characterization information in basins with complex underlying surfaces.
Marissa Kivi, Noemi Vergopolan, and Hamze Dokoohaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1173–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study attempts to provide a framework for direct integration of soil moisture observations collected from soil sensors and satellite imagery into process-based crop models for improving the representation of agricultural systems. The performance of this framework was evaluated across 19 sites times years for crop yield, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture, tile flow drainage, and nitrate leaching.
Yunfan Zhang, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, Shujing Qin, Liu Liu, Pan Liu, and Yanghe Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6379–6397, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Multiyear drought has been demonstrated to cause non-stationary rainfall–runoff relationship. But whether changes can invalidate the most fundamental method (i.e., paired-catchment method (PCM)) for separating vegetation change impacts is still unknown. Using paired-catchment data with 10-year drought, PCM is shown to still be reliable even in catchments with non-stationarity. A new framework is further proposed to separate impacts of two non-stationary drivers, using paired-catchment data.
Don A. White, Shiqi Ren, Daniel S. Mendham, Francisco Balocchi-Contreras, Richard P. Silberstein, Dean Meason, Andrés Iroumé, and Pablo Ramirez de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5357–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Of all the planting options for wood production and carbon storage, Eucalyptus species provoke the greatest concern about their effect on water resources. We compared Eucalyptus and Pinus species (the two most widely planted genera) by fitting a simple model to the published estimates of their annual water use. There was no significant difference between the two genera. This has important implications for the global debate around Eucalyptus and is an option for carbon forests.
Zhihui Wang, Qiuhong Tang, Daoxi Wang, Peiqing Xiao, Runliang Xia, Pengcheng Sun, and Feng Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5291–5314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Variable infiltration capacity simulation considering dynamic vegetation types and structural parameters is able to better capture the effect of temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in hydrological regimes. Vegetation greening including interannual LAI and intra-annual LAI temporal pattern change induced by large-scale ecological restoration and non-vegetation underlying surface change played dominant roles in the natural streamflow reduction of the Yellow River basin.
Pan Chen, Wenhong Li, and Keqi He
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4875–4892, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assessed changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in response to eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events over the Corn Belt, USA, using the SWAT model. Results showed that EP (CP) El Niño events improved (exacerbated) water quality in the region. Furthermore, EP El Niño had a much broader and longer impact on water quality at the outlets, but CP El Niño could lead to similar increases in TN/TP loads as EP El Niño at the specific watersheds.
Ralf Loritz, Maoya Bassiouni, Anke Hildebrandt, Sibylle K. Hassler, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4757–4771, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4757-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we combine a deep-learning approach that predicts sap flow with a hydrological model to improve soil moisture and transpiration estimates at the catchment scale. Our results highlight that hybrid-model approaches, combining machine learning with physically based models, are a promising way to improve our ability to make hydrological predictions.
Nicholas Jarvis, Jannis Groh, Elisabet Lewan, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Walter Durka, Cornelia Baessler, Thomas Pütz, Elvin Rufullayev, and Harry Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2277–2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2277-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We apply an eco-hydrological model to data on soil water balance and grassland growth obtained at two sites with contrasting climates. Our results show that the grassland in the drier climate had adapted by developing deeper roots, which maintained water supply to the plants in the face of severe drought. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering such plastic responses of plant traits to environmental stress in the modelling of soil water balance and plant growth under climate change.
Remko C. Nijzink, Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Stanislaus J. Schymanski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 525–550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most models that simulate water and carbon exchanges with the atmosphere rely on information about vegetation, but optimality models predict vegetation properties based on general principles. Here, we use the Vegetation Optimality Model (VOM) to predict vegetation behaviour at five savanna sites. The VOM overpredicted vegetation cover and carbon uptake during the wet seasons but also performed similarly to conventional models, showing that vegetation optimality is a promising approach.
Hongyu Li, Yi Luo, Lin Sun, Xiangdong Li, Changkun Ma, Xiaolei Wang, Ting Jiang, and Haoyang Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 17–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-17-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drying soil layers (DSLs) have been extensively reported in artificial forestland in the Loess Plateau, China, which has limited water resources and deep loess. To address this issue relating to plant root–soil water interactions, this study developed a root growth model that simulates both the dynamic rooting depth and fine-root distribution. Evaluation vs. field data proved a positive performance. Long-term simulation reproduced the evolution process of the DSLs and revealed their mechanisms.
Jiancong Chen, Baptiste Dafflon, Anh Phuong Tran, Nicola Falco, and Susan S. Hubbard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6041–6066, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The novel hybrid predictive modeling (HPM) approach uses a long short-term memory recurrent neural network to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) with only meteorological and remote-sensing inputs. We developed four use cases to demonstrate the applicability of HPM. The results indicate HPM is capable of providing ET and Reco estimations in challenging mountainous systems and enhances our understanding of watershed dynamics at sparsely monitored watersheds.
Jiehao Zhang, Yulong Zhang, Ge Sun, Conghe Song, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Jiangfeng Li, Ning Liu, Kerong Zhang, Quanfa Zhang, and Lu Hao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5623–5640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5623-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify how vegetation greening impacts the capacity of water supply, we built a hybrid model and conducted a case study using the upper Han River basin (UHRB) that serves as the water source area to the world’s largest water diversion project. Vegetation greening in the UHRB during 2001–2018 induced annual water yield (WY) greatly decreased. Vegetation greening also increased the possibility of drought and reduced a quarter of WY on average during drought periods.
Aaron J. Neill, Christian Birkel, Marco P. Maneta, Doerthe Tetzlaff, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4861–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Structural changes (cover and height of vegetation plus tree canopy characteristics) to forests during regeneration on degraded land affect how water is partitioned between streamflow, groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Partitioning most strongly deviates from baseline conditions during earlier stages of regeneration with dense forest, while recovery may be possible as the forest matures and opens out. This has consequences for informing sustainable landscape restoration strategies.
Jianning Ren, Jennifer C. Adam, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Erin J. Hanan, Christina L. Tague, Mingliang Liu, Crystal A. Kolden, and John T. Abatzoglou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4681–4699, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain pine beetle outbreaks have caused widespread tree mortality. While some research shows that water yield increases after trees are killed, many others document no change or a decrease. The climatic and environmental mechanisms driving hydrologic response to tree mortality are not well understood. We demonstrated that the direction of hydrologic response is a function of multiple factors, so previous studies do not necessarily conflict with each other; they represent different conditions.
Haidong Zhao, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Mary Beth Kirkham, Nenghan Wan, and Xiaomao Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4357–4372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study was done to develop an improved soil temperature model for the USA Great Plains by using common weather station variables as inputs. After incorporating knowledge of estimated soil moisture and observed daily snow depth, the improved model showed a near 50 % gain in performance compared to the original model. We conclude that our improved model can better estimate soil temperature at the surface soil layer where most hydrological and biological processes occur.
Brandon P. Sloan, Sally E. Thompson, and Xue Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4259–4274, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plants affect the global water and carbon cycles by modifying their water use and carbon intake in response to soil moisture. Global climate models represent this response with either simple empirical models or complex physical models. We reveal that the latter improves predictions in plants with large flow resistance; however, adding dependence on atmospheric moisture demand to the former matches performance of the latter, leading to a new tool for improving carbon and water cycle predictions.
Maria Magdalena Warter, Michael Bliss Singer, Mark O. Cuthbert, Dar Roberts, Kelly K. Caylor, Romy Sabathier, and John Stella
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3713–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3713-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Intensified drying of soil and grassland vegetation is raising the impact of fire severity and extent in Southern California. While browned grassland is a common sight during the dry season, this study has shown that there is a pronounced shift in the timing of senescence, due to changing climate conditions favoring milder winter temperatures and increased precipitation variability. Vegetation may be limited in its ability to adapt to these shifts, as drought periods become more frequent.
Mikael Gillefalk, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Reinhard Hinkelmann, Lena-Marie Kuhlemann, Aaron Smith, Fred Meier, Marco P. Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3635–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions for three urban vegetation types: trees, shrub and grass. The model results showed that evapotranspiration increased in the order shrub < grass < trees during one growing season. Additionally, we could show how
infiltration hotspotscreated by runoff from sealed onto vegetated surfaces can enhance both evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.
Yuting Yang, Tim R. McVicar, Dawen Yang, Yongqiang Zhang, Shilong Piao, Shushi Peng, and Hylke E. Beck
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3411–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed an analytical ecohydrological model that considers three aspects of vegetation response to eCO2 (i.e., stomatal response, LAI response, and rooting depth response) to detect the impact of eCO2 on continental runoff over the past 3 decades globally. Our findings suggest a minor role of eCO2 on the global runoff changes, yet highlight the negative runoff–eCO2 response in semiarid and arid regions which may further threaten the limited water resource there.
Yanlan Liu, Nataniel M. Holtzman, and Alexandra G. Konings
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2399–2417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of water through plants varies with species-specific traits. To determine how they vary across the world, we mapped the traits that best allowed a model to match microwave satellite data. We also defined average values across a few clusters of trait behavior. These form a tractable solution for use in large-scale models. Transpiration estimates using these clusters were more accurate than if using plant functional types. We expect our maps to improve transpiration forecasts.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Lukas Kleine, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2239–2259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a tracer-aided ecohydrological model on a mixed land use catchment in northeastern Germany to quantify water flux–storage–age interactions at four model grid resolutions. The model's ability to reproduce spatio-temporal flux–storage–age interactions decreases with increasing model grid sizes. Similarly, larger model grids showed vegetation-influenced changes in blue and green water partitioning. Simulations reveal the value of measured soil and stream isotopes for model calibration.
Yiping Hou, Mingfang Zhang, Xiaohua Wei, Shirong Liu, Qiang Li, Tijiu Cai, Wenfei Liu, Runqi Zhao, and Xiangzhuo Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1447–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ecohydrological sensitivity, defined as the response intensity of streamflow to vegetation change, indicates the hydrological sensitivity to vegetation change. The study revealed seasonal ecohydrological sensitivities were highly variable, depending on climate condition and watershed attributes. Dry season ecohydrological sensitivity was mostly determined by topography, soil and vegetation, while wet season ecohydrological sensitivity was mainly controlled by soil, landscape and vegetation.
Xiangyu Luan and Giulia Vico
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1411–1423, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1411-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Crop yield is reduced by heat and water stress, particularly when they co-occur. We quantify the joint effects of (unpredictable) air temperature and soil water availability on crop heat stress via a mechanistic model. Larger but more infrequent precipitation increased crop canopy temperatures. Keeping crops well watered via irrigation could reduce canopy temperature but not enough to always exclude heat damage. Thus, irrigation is only a partial solution to adapt to warmer and drier climates.
Songyan Yu, Hong Xuan Do, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Nick R. Bond, Peirong Lin, and Mark J. Kennard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5279–5295, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There is a growing interest globally in the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of intermittently flowing streams and rivers. We developed an approach to quantify catchment-wide flow intermittency over long time frames. Modelled patterns of flow intermittency in eastern Australia revealed highly dynamic behaviour in space and time. The developed approach is transferable to other parts of the world and can inform hydro-ecological understanding and management of intermittent streams.
Natasha MacBean, Russell L. Scott, Joel A. Biederman, Catherine Ottlé, Nicolas Vuichard, Agnès Ducharne, Thomas Kolb, Sabina Dore, Marcy Litvak, and David J. P. Moore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5203–5230, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5203-2020, 2020
Yusen Yuan, Taisheng Du, Honglang Wang, and Lixin Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4491–4501, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4491-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition of ambient water vapor is an important source of atmospheric water vapor and has not been able to be estimated to date using the Keeling plot approach. Here we proposed two new methods to estimate the isotopic composition of ambient water vapor: one using the intersection point method and another relying on the intermediate value theorem.
Valentin Couvreur, Youri Rothfuss, Félicien Meunier, Thierry Bariac, Philippe Biron, Jean-Louis Durand, Patricia Richard, and Mathieu Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3057–3075, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Isotopic labeling of soil water is a broadly used tool for tracing the origin of water extracted by plants and computing root water uptake (RWU) profiles with multisource mixing models. In this study, we show how a method such as this may misconstrue time series of xylem water isotopic composition as the temporal dynamics of RWU by simulating data collected during a tall fescue rhizotron experiment with an isotope-enabled physical soil–root model accounting for variability in root traits.
Thibault Hallouin, Michael Bruen, and Fiachra E. O'Loughlin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1031–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1031-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A hydrological model was used to compare different parameterisation strategies in view of predicting ecologically relevant streamflow indices in 33 Irish catchments. Compared for 14 different periods, a strategy fitting simulated and observed streamflow indices yielded better performance than fitting simulated and observed streamflow, but it also yielded a less consistent ensemble of parameter sets, suggesting that these indices may not be hydrologically relevant for model parameterisation.
Robert N. Armstrong, John W. Pomeroy, and Lawrence W. Martz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4891–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4891-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Digital and thermal images taken near midday were used to scale daily point observations of key factors driving actual-evaporation estimates across a complex Canadian Prairie landscape. Point estimates of actual evaporation agreed well with observed values via eddy covariance. Impacts of spatial variations on areal estimates were minor, and no covariance was found between model parameters driving the energy term. The methods can be applied further to improve land surface parameterisations.
Zhongkai Li, Hu Liu, Wenzhi Zhao, Qiyue Yang, Rong Yang, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4685–4706, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A database of soil moisture measurements from the middle Heihe River basin of China was used to test the potential of a soil moisture database in estimating the soil water balance components (SWBCs). We determined SWBCs using a method that combined the soil water balance method and the inverse Richards equation. This work confirmed that relatively reasonable estimations of the SWBCs in coarse-textured sandy soils can be derived using soil moisture measurements.
Inês Gomes Marques, João Nascimento, Rita M. Cardoso, Filipe Miguéns, Maria Teresa Condesso de Melo, Pedro M. M. Soares, Célia M. Gouveia, and Cathy Kurz Besson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3525–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean cork woodlands are very particular agroforestry systems present in a confined area of the Mediterranean Basin. They are of great importance due to their high socioeconomic value; however, a decrease in water availability has put this system in danger. In this paper we build a model that explains this system's tree-species distribution in southern Portugal from environmental variables. This could help predict their future distribution under changing climatic conditions.
Samuli Launiainen, Mingfu Guan, Aura Salmivaara, and Antti-Jussi Kieloaho
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3457–3480, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3457-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forest evapotranspiration and water cycle is modeled at stand and catchment scale using physiological and physical principles, open GIS data and daily weather data. The approach can predict daily evapotranspiration well across Nordic coniferous-dominated stands and successfully reproduces daily streamflow and annual evapotranspiration across boreal headwater catchments in Finland. The model is modular and simple and designed for practical applications over large areas using open data.
Regina T. Hirl, Hans Schnyder, Ulrike Ostler, Rudi Schäufele, Inga Schleip, Sylvia H. Vetter, Karl Auerswald, Juan C. Baca Cabrera, Lisa Wingate, Margaret M. Barbour, and Jérôme Ogée
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2581–2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the system-scale understanding of the propagation of the oxygen isotope signal (δ18O) of rain through soil and xylem to leaf water in a temperate drought-prone grassland. Biweekly δ18O observations of the water pools made during seven growing seasons were accurately reproduced by the 18O-enabled process-based model MuSICA. While water uptake occurred from shallow soil depths throughout dry and wet periods, leaf water 18O enrichment responded to both soil and atmospheric moisture.
Christoph Schürz, Brigitta Hollosi, Christoph Matulla, Alexander Pressl, Thomas Ertl, Karsten Schulz, and Bano Mehdi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1211–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
For two Austrian catchments we simulated discharge and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) considering future changes of climate, land use, and point source emissions together with the impact of different setups and parametrizations of the implemented eco-hydrological model. In a comprehensive analysis we identified the dominant sources of uncertainty for the simulation of discharge and NO3-N and further examined how specific properties of the model inputs control the future simulation results.
Yu-Ting Shih, Pei-Hao Chen, Li-Chin Lee, Chien-Sen Liao, Shih-Hao Jien, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Tsung-Yu Lee, Thomas Hein, Franz Zehetner, Chung-Te Chang, and Jr-Chuan Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6579–6590, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
DOC and DIC export in Taiwan shows that the annual DOC and DIC fluxes were 2.7–4.8 and 48.4–54.3 ton C km2 yr1, respectively, which were approximately 2 and 20 times higher than the global means of 1.4 and 2.6 ton C km2 yr1, respectively.
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Matthieu Guimberteau, Xuhui Wang, Dan Zhu, Fabienne Maignan, Shushi Peng, Shilong Piao, Jan Polcher, Feng Zhou, Hyungjun Kim, and other China-Trend-Stream project members
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5463–5484, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations in China were performed in ORCHIDEE driven by different forcing datasets: GSWP3, PGF, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI. Simulated soil moisture was compared to several datasets to evaluate the ability of ORCHIDEE in reproducing soil moisture dynamics. Results showed that ORCHIDEE soil moisture coincided well with other datasets in wet areas and in non-irrigated areas. It suggested that the ORCHIDEE-MICT was suitable for further hydrological studies in China.
Matthias J. R. Speich, Heike Lischke, and Massimiliano Zappa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4097–4124, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4097-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To simulate the water balance of, e.g., a forest plot, it is important to estimate the maximum volume of water available to plants. This depends on soil properties and the average depth of roots. Rooting depth has proven challenging to estimate. Here, we applied a model assuming that plants dimension their roots to optimize their carbon budget. We compared its results with values obtained by calibrating a dynamic water balance model. In most cases, there is good agreement between both methods.
Gordon C. O'Brien, Chris Dickens, Eleanor Hines, Victor Wepener, Retha Stassen, Leo Quayle, Kelly Fouchy, James MacKenzie, P. Mark Graham, and Wayne G. Landis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 957–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-957-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In global water resource allocation, robust tools are required to establish environmental flows. In addition, tools should characterize past, present and future consequences of altered flows and non-flow variables to social and ecological management objectives. PROBFLO is a risk assessment method designed to meet best practice principles for regional-scale holistic E-flow assessments. The approach has been developed in Africa and applied across the continent.
Katrina E. Bennett, Theodore J. Bohn, Kurt Solander, Nathan G. McDowell, Chonggang Xu, Enrique Vivoni, and Richard S. Middleton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 709–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-709-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We applied the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model to examine scenarios of change under climate and landscape disturbances in the San Juan River basin, a major sub-watershed of the Colorado River basin. Climate change coupled with landscape disturbance leads to reduced streamflow in the San Juan River basin. Disturbances are expected to be widespread in this region. Therefore, accounting for these changes within the context of climate change is imperative for water resource planning.
Fernando Jaramillo, Neil Cory, Berit Arheimer, Hjalmar Laudon, Ype van der Velde, Thomas B. Hasper, Claudia Teutschbein, and Johan Uddling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Which is the dominant effect on evapotranspiration in northern forests, an increase by recent forests expansion or a decrease by the water use response due to increasing CO2 concentrations? We determined the dominant effect during the period 1961–2012 in 65 Swedish basins. We used the Budyko framework to study the hydroclimatic movements in Budyko space. Our findings suggest that forest expansion is the dominant driver of long-term and large-scale evapotranspiration changes.
Jie Zhu, Ge Sun, Wenhong Li, Yu Zhang, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Steve G. McNulty, John S. King, Mukesh Kumar, and Xuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6289–6305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6289-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Forested wetlands provide myriad ecosystem services threatened by climate change. This study develops empirical hydrologic models by synthesizing hydrometeorological data across the southeastern US. We used global climate projections to model hydrological changes for five wetlands. We found all wetlands are predicted to become drier by the end of this century. This study suggests that climate change may substantially affect wetland biogeochemical cycles and other functions in the future.
Guiomar Ruiz-Pérez, Julian Koch, Salvatore Manfreda, Kelly Caylor, and Félix Francés
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6235–6251, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6235-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6235-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Plants are shaping the landscape and controlling the hydrological cycle, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Remote sensing data appears as an appealing source of information for vegetation monitoring, in particular in areas with a limited amount of available field data. Here, we present an example of how remote sensing data can be exploited in a data-scarce basin. We propose a mathematical methodology that can be used as a springboard for future applications.
Rui Rivaes, Isabel Boavida, José M. Santos, António N. Pinheiro, and Teresa Ferreira
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5763–5780, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5763-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5763-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the influence of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. After a decade, environmental flows disregarding riparian requirements promoted riparian degradation and consequently the change in the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and the modification of the available habitat area for fish species. Environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to sustain the fish habitat close to the natural condition.
José María Santiago, Rafael Muñoz-Mas, Joaquín Solana-Gutiérrez, Diego García de Jalón, Carlos Alonso, Francisco Martínez-Capel, Javier Pórtoles, Robert Monjo, and Jaime Ribalaygua
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4073–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4073-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4073-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-time-resolution models for streamflow and stream temperature are used in this study to predict future brown trout habitat loss. Flow reductions falling down to 51 % of current values and water temperature increases growing up to 4 ºC are predicted. Streamflow and temperature will act synergistically affecting fish. We found that the thermal response of rivers is influenced by basin geology and, consequently, geology will be also an influent factor in the cold-water fish distribution shift.
Cited articles
Agnese, C., Bagarello, V., Corrao, C., D'Agostino, L., and D'Asaro, F.: Influence of the rainfall measurement interval on the erosivity determinations in the Mediterranean area, J. Hydrol., 329, 39–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.002, 2006.
Alewell, C., Meusburger, K., Juretzko, G., Mabit, L., and Ketterer, M. E.: Suitability of 239+240 Pu and 137Cs as tracers for soil erosion assessment in mountain grasslands, Chemosphere, 103, 274–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.016, 2014.
Angulo-Martínez, M. and Beguería, S.: Estimating rainfall erosivity from daily precipitation records: A comparison among methods using data from the Ebro Basin (NE Spain), J. Hydrol., 379, 111–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.051, 2009.
Arnhold, S., Lindner, S., Lee, B., Martin, E., Kettering, J., Nguyen, T. T., Koellner, T., Ok, Y. S., and Huwe, B.: Conventional and organic farming: Soil erosion and conservation potential for row crop cultivation, Geoderma, 219–220, 89–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.023, 2014.
Banasik, K. and Górski, D.: Evaluation of Rainfall Erosivity for East Poland, Proceedings of the Warsaw Symposium, 129–134, 1993.
Banasik, K., Górski, D., and Mitchell, J. K.: Rainall Erosivity for East and Central Poland, International Symposium on Soil Erosion Research for the 21st Century, 279–282, 2001.
Begert, M., Schlegel, T., and Kirchhofer, W.: Homogeneous temperature and precipitation series of Switzerland from 1864 to 2000, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 65–80, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1118, 2005.
Bonilla, C. and Vidal, K.: Rainfall erosivity in Central Chile, J. Hydrol., 410, 126–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.022, 2011.
Borrelli, P., Diodato, N., and Panagos, P.: Rainfall erosivity in Italy: A national scale spatio-temporal assessment, Int. J. Dig. Earth, 1–16, 835–850, https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2016.1148203, 2016.
Brown, L. and Foster, G.: Storm Erosivity Using Idealized Intensity Distributions, T. ASAE, 30, 379–386, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.31957, 1987.
da Silva, A. M.: Rainfall erosivity map for Brazil, CATENA, 57, 251–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2003.11.006, 2004.
da Silva, A. M., Wiecheteck, M., and Zuercher, B. W.: Spatial Assessment of Indices for Characterizing the Erosive Force of Rainfall in El Salvador Republic, Environ. Eng. Sci., 28, 309–316, https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2010.0296, 2011.
da Silva, R. M., Santos, C. A. G., de Lima Silva, V. C., and Silva, L. P.: Erosivity, surface runoff, and soil erosion estimation using GIS-coupled runoff–erosion model in the Mamuaba catchment, Brazil, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 8977–8990, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3228-x, 2013.
Dabney, S. M., Yoder, D. C., Vieira, D., and Bingner, R. L.: Enhancing RUSLE to include runoff-driven phenomena, Hydrol. Process., 25, 1373–1390, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7897, 2011.
Dabney, S. M., Yoder, D. C., and Vieira, D. A. N.: The application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2, to evaluate the impacts of alternative climate change scenarios on runoff and sediment yield, J. Soil Water Conserv., 67, 343–353, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.67.5.343, 2012.
Davison, P., Hutchins, M. G., Anthony, S. G., Betson, M., Johnson, C., and Lord, E. I.: The relationship between potentially erosive storm energy and daily rainfall quantity in England and Wales, Sci. Total Environ., 344, 15–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.002, 2005.
Diodato, N.: Predicting RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) Monthly Erosivity Index from Readily Available Rainfall Data in Mediterranean Area, Environmentalist, 26, 63–70, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-006-5359-x, 2005.
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R.: Improvements on Cross-Validation: The .632+ Bootstrap Method, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 92, 548–560, https://doi.org/10.2307/2965703, 1997.
Foster, G. R., Yoder, D. C., Weesies, G. A., McCool, D. K., McGregor, K. C., and Bingner, R.: Draft User's Guide, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Version 2 (RUSLE-2), Washington, DC, 431 pp., 2008.
Friedli, S.: Digitale Bodenerosionsgefährdungskarte Der Schweiz Im Hektarraster – Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ackerlandes, Bern, 112 pp., 2006.
Fuhrer, J., Beniston, M., Fischlin, A., Frei, C., Goyette, S., Jasper, K., and Pfister, C.: Climate Risks and Their Impact on Agriculture and Forests in Switzerland, Clim. Change, 79, 79–102, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9106-6, 2006.
Gisler, S., Lininger, H.-P., and Prasuhn, V.: Erosionsrisikokarte im 2 × 2-Meter-Raster (ERK2), Agrarforschung Schweiz, 2, 148–155, 2011.
Gonseth, Y., Wohlgemuth, T., Sansonnens, B., and Buttler, A.: Die biogeographischen Regionen der Schweiz. Erläuterungen und Einteilungsstandard, Umwelt Materialien Nr. 137 Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern, 47 pp., 2001.
Gotway, C. A. and Stroup, W. W.: A Generalized Linear Model Approach to Spatial Data Analysis and Prediction, J. Agr. Biol. Environ. Stat., 2, 157–178, 1997.
Gupta, B. C. and Guttman, I.: Statistics and probability with applications for engineers and scientists, John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, 876 pp., 2013.
Hanel, M., Máca, P., Bašta, P., Vlnas, R., and Pech, P.: Rainfall erosivity factor in the Czech Republic and its Uncertainty, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-158, in review, 2016.
Harrell Jr., F.: Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis, Cham, http://www.springer.com/in/book/9783319194240, 582 pp., 2015.
Hartwig, N. L. and Ammon, H. U.: Cover crops and living mulches, Weed Sci., 50, 688–699, https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0688:AIACCA]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Hengl, T.: A practical guide to geostatistical mapping of environmental variables, EUR, 22904EN, Publications Office, Luxembourg, 290 pp., 2007.
Hengl, T., Heuvelink, G., and Rossiter, D.: About regression-kriging: From equations to case studies, Comp. Geosci., 33, 1301–1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.05.001, 2007.
Hengl, T., Heuvelink, G., and Stein, A.: A generic framework for spatial prediction of soil variables based on regression-kriging, Geoderma, 120, 75–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.08.018, 2004.
Hollinger, S. E., Angel, J. R., and Palecki, M. A.: Spatial Distribution, Variation, an Trends in Storm Precipitation Characteristics Associated with Soil Erosion in the United States, Champaign, 90 pp., 2002.
Hurni, H.: Bestimmung der Erosivität von Hagelereignissen: Empirische Bestimmung der Erosivität von Hagelereignissen, unpublished manuscript, 1978.
Isotta, F., Frei, C., Weilguni, V., Perčec T., M., Lassègues, P., Rudolf, B., Pavan, V., Cacciamani, C., Antolini, G., Ratto, S., Munari, M., Micheletti, S., Bonati, V., Lussana, C., Ronchi, C., Panettieri, E., Marigo, G., and Vertačnik, G.: The climate of daily precipitation in the Alps: Development and analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset from pan-Alpine rain-gauge data, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 1657–1675, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3794, 2014.
James, G. and Witten, D.: An introduction to statistical learning: With applications in R, Corr. at 6. printing, Springer texts in statistics, Springer, New York, NY, 426 pp., 2015.
Jing, Z., Xu-dong, Z., Jin-xing, Z., Xiao-ling, Z., and Zhong-jian, W.: Calculation and Characterization of Rainfall Erosivity in Small Watersheds of Hilly Region in Northwest Hunan (in Chinese), J. Ecol. Rural Environ., 25, 32–36, 2009.
Klik, A., Haas, K., Dvorackova, A., and Fuller, I. C.: Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity in New Zealand, Soil Res., 53, 815–825, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR14363, 2015.
Konz, N., Prasuhn, V., and Alewell, C.: On the measurement of alpine soil erosion, CATENA, 91, 63–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.09.010, 2012.
Köppen, W.: Das geographische System der Klimate, Handbuch der Klimatologie, 1, Berlin, 44 pp., 1936.
Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C., Neter, J., and Li, W.: Applied linear statistical models, 5. ed., McGraw-Hill/Irwin series Operations and decision sciences, Boston, 1396 pp., 2005.
Laceby, J. P., Chartin, C., Evrard, O., Onda, Y., Garcia-Sanchez, L., and Cerdan, O.: Rainfall erosivity in catchments contaminated with fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2467–2482, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2467-2016, 2016.
Lai, C., Xiaohong, C., Zhaoli, W., Xushu, W., Shiwei, Z., Xiaoqing, W., and Wenkui, B.: Spatio-temporal variation in rainfall erosivity during 1960–2012 in the Pearl River Basin, China, CATENA, 137, 382–391, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.008, 2016.
Ledermann, T.: Multiple Implications of Soil Erosion and Conservation on Arable Farm Land in the Swiss Midlands, Bern, 167 pp., 2012.
Lee, J. S. and Won, J. Y.: Analysis of the Characteristic of Monthly Rainfall Erosivity in Korea with Derivation of Rainfall Energy Equation, Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 13, 177–184, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.177, 2013.
Leek, R. and Olsen, P.: Modelling climatic erosivity as a factor for soil erosion in Denmark: Changes and temporal trends, Soil Use Manage., 16, 61–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00175.x, 2000.
Ma, X., He, Y., Xu, J., van Noordwijk, M., and Lu, X.: Spatial and temporal variation in rainfall erosivity in a Himalayan watershed, CATENA, 121, 248–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.05.017, 2014.
Mannaerts, C. and Gabriels, D.: Rainfall erosivity in Cape Verde, Soil Till. Res., 55, 207–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00104-5, 2000.
Marxer, P.: Oberflächenabfluß und Bodenerosion auf Brandflächen des Kastanienwaldgürtels der Südschweiz mit einer Anleitung zur Bewertung der post-fire Erosionsanfälligkeit (BA EroKaBr), Physiogeographica, 33, Wepf in Komm, Basel, 2003.
McBratney, A. B., Odeh, I. O., Bishop, T. F., Dunbar, M. S., and Shatar, T. M.: An overview of pedometric techniques for use in soil survey, Geoderma, 97, 293–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00043-4, 2000.
Meshesha, D., Tsunekawa, A., Tsubo, M., Haregeweyn, N., and Adgo, E.: Evaluating spatial and temporal variations of rainfall erosivity, case of Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 119, 515–522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1130-2, 2015.
MeteoSwiss: Documentation of MeteoSwiss Grid-Data Products: Monthly and Yearly Precipitation: RhiresM and RhiresY, Zürich, 4 pp., 2013.
Meusburger, K. and Alewell, C.: Impacts of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the occurrence of shallow landslides in an alpine catchment (Urseren Valley, Switzerland), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 509–520, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-509-2008, 2008.
Meusburger, K., Steel, A., Panagos, P., Montanarella, L., and Alewell, C.: Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall erosivity factor for Switzerland, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 167–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-167-2012, 2012.
Mikoš, M., Jošt, D., and Petkovšek, G.: Rainfall and runoff erosivity in the alpine climate of north Slovenia: A comparison of different estimation methods, Hydrol. Sci. J., 51, 115–126, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.51.1.115, 2006.
Mosimann, T., Crole-Rees, A., Maillard, A., Neyroud, J.-A., Thöni, M., Musy, A., and Rohr, W.: Bodenerosion im Schweizerischen Mittelland: Ausmass und Gegenmassnahmen, Bericht 51 des Nationalen Forschungsprogrammes Nutzung des Bodens in der Schweiz, Liebefeld-Bern, 262 pp., 1990.
Mosimann, T., Maillard, A., Musy, A., Neyroud, J.-A., Rüttimann, M., and Weisskopf, P.: Erosionsbekämpfung in Ackerbaugebieten: Ein Leitfaden für die Bodenerhaltung, Themenbericht des Nationalen Forschungsprogrammes “Nutzung des Bodes in der Schweiz”, 187 pp., 1991.
Nisi, L., Martius, O., Hering, A., Kunz, M., and Germann, U.: Spatial and temporal distribution of hailstorms in the Alpine region: A long-term, high resolution, radar-based analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 142, 1590–1604, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2771, 2016.
Nogler, S.: Erosvität der Niederschläge im schweizerischen Mittelland, Bern, 183 pp., 2012.
Odeh, I., McBratney, A. B., and Chittleborough, D. J.: Further results on prediction of soil properties from terrain attributes: Heterotopic cokriging and regression-kriging, Geoderma, 67, 215–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(95)00007-B, 1995.
Özşahin, E.: An assessment of monthly rainfall erosivity model for Amik Plain (Hatay, S TURKEY), Photon, 177–193, 2014.
Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., Klik, A., Rousseva, S., Tadić, M., Michaelides, S., Hrabalíková, M., Olsen, P., Aalto, J., Lakatos, M., Rymszewicz, A., Dumitrescu, A., Beguería, S., and Alewell, C.: Rainfall erosivity in Europe, Sci. Total Environ., 511, 801–814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.008, 2015.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Spinoni, J., Ballabio, C., Meusburger, K., Beguería, S., Klik, A., Michaelides, S., Petan, S., Hrabalíková, M., Olsen, P., Aalto, J., Lakatos, M., Rymszewicz, A., Dumitrescu, A., Perčec Tadić, M., Diodato, N., Kostalova, J., Rousseva, S., Banasik, K., and Alewell, C.: Monthly Rainfall Erosivity: Conversion Factors for Different Time Resolutions and Regional Assessments, Water, 8, 119, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040119, 2016a.
Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Borrelli, P., and Meusburger, K.: Spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall erosivity and erosivity density in Greece, CATENA, 137, 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.015, 2016b.
Petkovšek, G. and Mikoš, M.: Estimating the R factor from daily rainfall data in the sub-Mediterranean climate of southwest Slovenia∕Estimation du facteur R à partir de données journalières de pluie dans le climat sub-méditerranéen du Sud-Ouest de la Slovénie, Hydrol. Sci. J., 49, 869–877, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.49.5.869.55134, 2004.
Perroud, M. and Bader, S.: Klimaänderung in der Schweiz. Indikatoren zu Ursachen, Auswirkungen, Massnahmen, Umwelt-Zustand, 86 pp., 2013.
Porto, P.: Exploring the effect of different time resolutions to calculate the rainfall erosivity factor R in Calabria, southern Italy, Hydrol. Process., 30, 1551–1562, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10737, 2016.
Prasuhn, V.: Soil erosion in the Swiss midlands: Results of a 10-year field survey, Geomorphology, 126, 32–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.023, 2011.
Prasuhn, V.: On-farm effects of tillage and crops on soil erosion measured over 10 years in Switzerland, Soil Tillage Res., 120, 137–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.002, 2012.
Prasuhn, V., Liniger, H., Gisler, S., Herweg, K., Candinas, A., and Clément, J.-P.: A high-resolution soil erosion risk map of Switzerland as strategic policy support system, Land Use Policy, 32, 281–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.11.006, 2013.
Punge, H. J. and Kunz, M.: Hail observations and hailstorm characteristics in Europe: A review, Atmospheric Research, 176–177, 159–184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.012, 2016.
Renard, K. G., Foster, G., Weesies, G., McCool, D. K., and Yoder, D. C.: Prediction Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Agriculture handbook, 703, 384 pp., 1997.
Renschler, C. S., Mannaerts, C., and Diekkrüger, B.: Evaluating spatial and temporal variability in soil erosion risk – rainfall erosivity and soil loss ratios in Andalusia, Spain, CATENA, 34, 209–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00117-9, 1999.
Sadeghi, S., Moatamednia, M., and Behzadfar, M.: Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Rainfall Erosivity Factor in Iran, J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 13, 451–464, 2011.
Sadeghi, S. H. and Tavangar, S.: Development of stational models for estimation of rainfall erosivity factor in different timescales, Nat. Hazards, 77, 429–443, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1608-y, 2015.
Sadeghi, S. H. R. and Hazbavi, Z.: Trend analysis of the rainfall erosivity index at different time scales in Iran, Nat. Hazards, 77, 383–404, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1607-z, 2015.
Sanchez-Moreno, J. F., Mannaerts, C. M., and Jetten, V.: Rainfall erosivity mapping for Santiago Island, Cape Verde, Geoderma, 217–218, 74–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.10.026, 2014.
Schwarb, M., Daly, C., Frei, C., and Schär, C.: Mean Seasonal Precipitation throughout the European Alps 1971–1990, in: Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland, edited by: Wingartner, R., Bern, Sect. 2.6, 2001.
Schwertmann, U., Vogl, W., and Kainz, M.: Bodenerosion durch Wasser: Vorhersage des Abtrags und Bewertung von Gegenmaßnahmen, Stuttgart, 64 pp., 1987.
Shamshad, A., Azhari, M. N., Isa, M. H., Hussin, W. W., and Parida, B. P.: Development of an appropriate procedure for estimation of RUSLE EI30 index and preparation of erosivity maps for Pulau Penang in Peninsular Malaysia, CATENA, 72, 423–432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2007.08.002, 2008.
Sideris, I., Gabella, M., and Germann, U.: The CombiPrecip experience: development and operation of a real-time radar-raingauge combination scheme in Switzerland, 2014 International Weather Radar and Hydrology Symposium, 2014.
Spreafico, M. and Weingartner, R.: Hydrologie der Schweiz: Ausgewählte Aspekte und Resultate, Berichte des BWG, Serie Wasser, 137 pp., 2005.
Steyerberg, E.: Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation, and Updating, New York, NY, 500 pp., 2009.
Terranova, O. G. and Gariano, S. L.: Regional investigation on seasonality of erosivity in the Mediterranean environment, Environ. Earth Sci., 73, 311–324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3426-z, 2015.
Torriani, D. S., Calanca, P., Schmid, S., Beniston, M., and Fuhrer, J.: Potential effects of changes in mean climate and climate variability on the yield of winter and spring crops in Switzerland, Clim. Res., 34, 59–69, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr034059, 2007.
van Delden, A.: The synoptic setting of thunderstorms in western Europe, Atmos. Res., 56, 89–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00092-2, 2001.
Verstraeten, G., Poesen, J., Demarée, G., and Salles, C.: Long-term (105 years) variability in rain erosivity as derived from 10-min rainfall depth data for Ukkel (Brussels, Belgium): Implications for assessing soil erosion rates, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007169, 2006.
Vrieling, A., Hoedjes, J. C., and van der Velde, M.: Towards large-scale monitoring of soil erosion in Africa: Accounting for the dynamics of rainfall erosivity, Global Planet. Change, 115, 33–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.01.009, 2014.
Wang, L. L., Yang, E., Huang, J., and Jiao, P.: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity of Shanghai in Recent Ten Years, Appl. Mech. Mater., 295–298, 2084–2089, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.295-298.2084, 2013.
Weisshaidinger, R. and Leser, H.: Switzerland, in: Soil erosion in Europe, edited by: Boardman, J. and Poesen, J., Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, 231–244, 2006.
Wellinger, R., Buser, H.-P., Krauss, J., and Theiler, R.: Karotten: Anbau, Erntezeitpunkt und Lagerung, Agrarforschung Schweiz, 13, 412–417, 2006.
Wilkes, G. and Sawada, M.: Geostatistically Derived Great Lakes USLE Monthly Rainfall Erosivity Factors, J. Great Lakes Res., 31, 155–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70247-1, 2005.
Wischmeier, W. H. and Smith, D. D.: Predicting rainfall erosion losses, Agriculture handbook, 537, US Gov. Print Off, Washington, 58 pp., 1978.
Yang, X. and Yu, B.: Modelling and mapping rainfall erosivity in New South Wales, Australia, Soil Res., 53, 178–189, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR14188, 2015.
Yang, X., Yu, B., and Zhu, Q.: Climate change impacts on rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion in NSW, 21st International congress on Modelling and Simulation, Gold Coarst, Australia, 1572–1578, 2015.
Zhao, Q., Liu, Q., Ma, L., Ding, S., Xu, S., W., C., and Liu, P.: Spatiotemporal variations in rainfall erosivity during the period of 1960–2011 in Guangdong Province, southern China, Theor. Appl. Climatol., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1694-5, 2015.
Zhu, Q., Chen, X., Fan, Q., Jin, H., and Li, J.: A new procedure to estimate the rainfall erosivity factor based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data, Sci. China Technol. Sci., 54, 2437–2445, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4468-z, 2011.
Short summary
We present novel research on the seasonal dynamics of the impact of rainfall (R-factor) on the mobilization of topsoil as soil erosion by water for Switzerland. A modeling approach was chosen that enables the dynamical mapping of the R-factor. Based on the maps and modeling results, we could investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of that factor, which is high for Switzerland. With these results, agronomists can introduce selective erosion control measures.
We present novel research on the seasonal dynamics of the impact of rainfall (R-factor) on the...
