Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2799–2815, 2017
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2799-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2799–2815, 2017
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2799-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article 09 Jun 2017
Research article | 09 Jun 2017
Hydrological threats to riparian wetlands of international importance – a global quantitative and qualitative analysis
Christof Schneider et al.
Related authors
C. Schneider, C. L. R. Laizé, M. C. Acreman, and M. Flörke
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-325-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-325-2013, 2013
Vili Virkki, Elina Alanärä, Miina Porkka, Lauri Ahopelto, Tom Gleeson, Chinchu Mohan, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Martina Flörke, Dieter Gerten, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, and Matti Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-260, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-260, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Direct and indirect of human actions have altered streamflow across the world since the pre-industrial time. Here, we introduce a novel method of Environmental Flow Envelopes (EFEs); this is an envelope of safe discharge variability within which riverine ecosystems are not seriously compromised. By assessing the violations of the EFE, we comprehensively quantify the frequency, severity, and trends of flow alteration during the past decades, illustrating anthropogenic effects on streamflow.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Denise Cáceres, Stephanie Eisner, Martina Flörke, Claudia Herbert, Christoph Niemann, Thedini Asali Peiris, Eklavyya Popat, Felix Theodor Portmann, Robert Reinecke, Maike Schumacher, Somayeh Shadkam, Camelia-Eliza Telteu, Tim Trautmann, and Petra Döll
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1037–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In a globalized world with large flows of virtual water between river basins and international responsibilities for the sustainable development of the Earth system and its inhabitants, quantitative estimates of water flows and storages and of water demand by humans are required. Global hydrological models such as WaterGAP are developed to provide this information. Here we present a thorough description, evaluation and application examples of the most recent model version, WaterGAP v2.2d.
Robert Reinecke, Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Lauren Seaby Andersen, Peter Burek, Martina Flörke, Simon N. Gosling, Manolis Grillakis, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Yadu Pokhrel, Wim Thiery, Yoshihide Wada, Satoh Yusuke, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 787–810, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Billions of people rely on groundwater as an accessible source of drinking water and for irrigation, especially in times of drought. Groundwater recharge is the primary process of regenerating groundwater resources. We find that groundwater recharge will increase in northern Europe by about 19 % and decrease by 10 % in the Amazon with 3 °C global warming. In the Mediterranean, a 2 °C warming has already lead to a reduction in recharge by 38 %. However, these model predictions are uncertain.
Xingcai Liu, Wenfeng Liu, Hong Yang, Qiuhong Tang, Martina Flörke, Yoshimitsu Masaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, Sebastian Ostberg, Yadu Pokhrel, Yusuke Satoh, and Yoshihide Wada
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1245-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1245-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities associated with water resource management have significantly increased in China during the past decades. This assessment helps us understand how streamflow has been affected by climate and human activities in China. Our analyses indicate that the climate impact has dominated streamflow changes in most areas, and human activities (in terms of water withdrawals) have increasingly decreased streamflow in the northern basins of China which are vulnerable to future climate change.
Jaap Schellekens, Emanuel Dutra, Alberto Martínez-de la Torre, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Albert van Dijk, Frederiek Sperna Weiland, Marie Minvielle, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Bertrand Decharme, Stephanie Eisner, Gabriel Fink, Martina Flörke, Stefanie Peßenteiner, Rens van Beek, Jan Polcher, Hylke Beck, René Orth, Ben Calton, Sophia Burke, Wouter Dorigo, and Graham P. Weedon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 389–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-389-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The dataset combines the results of 10 global models that describe the global continental water cycle. The data can be used as input for water resources studies, flood frequency studies etc. at different scales from continental to medium-scale catchments. We compared the results with earth observation data and conclude that most uncertainties are found in snow-dominated regions and tropical rainforest and monsoon regions.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Linda Adam, Stephanie Eisner, Gabriel Fink, Martina Flörke, Hyungjun Kim, Taikan Oki, Felix Theodor Portmann, Robert Reinecke, Claudia Riedel, Qi Song, Jing Zhang, and Petra Döll
Proc. IAHS, 374, 53–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-53-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-53-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed simulated water balance components on global and continental scale as impacted by the uncertainty of climate forcing datasets. On average, around 62 % of precipitation on global land area evapotranspires and 38 % is discharge to oceans and inland sinks. Human water use increased during the 20th century by a factor of 5. Uncertainty of precipitation variable has most impact on model results, followed by shortwave downward radiation. Model calibration reduces this uncertainty.
Hannes Müller Schmied, Linda Adam, Stephanie Eisner, Gabriel Fink, Martina Flörke, Hyungjun Kim, Taikan Oki, Felix Theodor Portmann, Robert Reinecke, Claudia Riedel, Qi Song, Jing Zhang, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2877–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2877-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of water balance components of the global land surface by means of hydrological models is affected by large uncertainties, in particular related to meteorological forcing. We analyze the effect of five state-of-the-art forcings on water balance components at different spatial and temporal scales modeled with WaterGAP. Furthermore, the dominant effect (precipitation/human alteration) for long-term changes in river discharge is assessed.
Y. Wada, M. Flörke, N. Hanasaki, S. Eisner, G. Fischer, S. Tramberend, Y. Satoh, M. T. H. van Vliet, P. Yillia, C. Ringler, P. Burek, and D. Wiberg
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 175–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-175-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative coordinates its work with other ongoing scenario efforts for the sake of establishing a consistent set of new global water scenarios based on the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The WFaS "fast-track" assessment uses three global water models, H08, PCR-GLOBWB, and WaterGAP, to provide the first multi-model analysis of global water use for the 21st century based on the water scenarios.
H. Müller Schmied, S. Eisner, D. Franz, M. Wattenbach, F. T. Portmann, M. Flörke, and P. Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3511–3538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3511-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3511-2014, 2014
G. Forzieri, L. Feyen, R. Rojas, M. Flörke, F. Wimmer, and A. Bianchi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 85–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-85-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-85-2014, 2014
P. J. Ward, S. Eisner, M. Flörke, M. D. Dettinger, and M. Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 47–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-47-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-47-2014, 2014
C. Schneider, C. L. R. Laizé, M. C. Acreman, and M. Flörke
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-325-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-325-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Global hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Bright and blind spots of water research in Latin America and the Caribbean
Land surface modeling over the Dry Chaco: the impact of model structures, and soil, vegetation and land cover parameters
Nonstationary weather and water extremes: a review of methods for their detection, attribution, and management
Robust historical evapotranspiration trends across climate regimes
A note on leveraging synergy in multiple meteorological data sets with deep learning for rainfall–runoff modeling
Global scenarios of irrigation water abstractions for bioenergy production: a systematic review
Coordination and control – limits in standard representations of multi-reservoir operations in hydrological modeling
Uncertainty of simulated groundwater recharge at different global warming levels: a global-scale multi-model ensemble study
A novel method to identify sub-seasonal clustering episodes of extreme precipitation events and their contributions to large accumulation periods
Ubiquitous increases in flood magnitude in the Columbia River basin under climate change
Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors
A hydrography upscaling method for scale invariant parametrization of distributed hydrological models
The role of household adaptation measures in reducing vulnerability to flooding: a coupled agent-based and flood modelling approach
Assessing global water mass transfers from continents to oceans over the period 1948–2016
Weak sensitivity of the terrestrial water budget to global soil texture maps in the ORCHIDEE land surface model
The influence of assimilating leaf area index in a land surface model on global water fluxes and storages
Comparison of generalized non-data-driven lake and reservoir routing models for global-scale hydrologic forecasting of reservoir outflow at diurnal time steps
The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño
HESS Opinions: Beyond the long-term water balance: evolving Budyko's supply–demand framework for the Anthropocene towards a global synthesis of land-surface fluxes under natural and human-altered watersheds
Global assessment of how averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration affects modeled evapotranspiration rates
Evaluation of global terrestrial evapotranspiration using state-of-the-art approaches in remote sensing, machine learning and land surface modeling
Quantification of drainable water storage volumes on landmasses and in river networks based on GRACE and river runoff using a cascaded storage approach – first application on the Amazon
Global catchment modelling using World-Wide HYPE (WWH), open data, and stepwise parameter estimation
Projected increases in magnitude and socioeconomic exposure of global droughts in 1.5 and 2 °C warmer climates
Spatiotemporal assimilation–interpolation of discharge records through inverse streamflow routing
Towards learning universal, regional, and local hydrological behaviors via machine learning applied to large-sample datasets
Climate change, reforestation/afforestation, and urbanization impacts on evapotranspiration and streamflow in Europe
Multi-decadal hydrologic change and variability in the Amazon River basin: understanding terrestrial water storage variations and drought characteristics
Multimodel assessments of human and climate impacts on mean annual streamflow in China
Improving soil moisture and runoff simulations at 3 km over Europe using land surface data assimilation
Toward continental hydrologic–hydrodynamic modeling in South America
Global re-analysis datasets to improve hydrological assessment and snow water equivalent estimation in a sub-Arctic watershed
The effect of climate type on timescales of drought propagation in an ensemble of global hydrological models
Joint assimilation of soil moisture retrieved from multiple passive microwave frequencies increases robustness of soil moisture state estimation
Remote land use impacts on river flows through atmospheric teleconnections
Understanding terrestrial water storage variations in northern latitudes across scales
Assimilation of river discharge in a land surface model to improve estimates of the continental water cycles
Harnessing big data to rethink land heterogeneity in Earth system models
Predicting groundwater recharge for varying land cover and climate conditions – a global meta-study
Near-real-time adjusted reanalysis forcing data for hydrology
Deduction of reservoir operating rules for application in global hydrological models
A global hydrological simulation to specify the sources of water used by humans
A Climate Data Record (CDR) for the global terrestrial water budget: 1984–2010
Comparing soil moisture anomalies from multiple independent sources over different regions across the globe
Hydrological impacts of global land cover change and human water use
Impacts of spatial resolution and representation of flow connectivity on large-scale simulation of floods
The effect of GCM biases on global runoff simulations of a land surface model
Toward seamless hydrologic predictions across spatial scales
Human–water interface in hydrological modelling: current status and future directions
Skill of a global forecasting system in seasonal ensemble streamflow prediction
Alyssa J. DeVincentis, Hervé Guillon, Romina Díaz Gómez, Noelle K. Patterson, Francine van den Brandeler, Arthur Koehl, J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida, Laura E. Garza-Díaz, Jennifer Gamez-Rodríguez, Erfan Goharian, and Samuel Sandoval Solis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4631–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Latin America and the Caribbean face many water-related stresses which are expected to worsen with climate change. To assess the vulnerability, we reviewed over 20 000 multilingual research articles using machine learning and an understanding of the regional landscape. Results reveal that the region’s inherent vulnerability is compounded by research blind spots in niche topics (reservoirs and risk assessment) and subregions (Caribbean nations), as well as by its reliance on one country (Brazil).
Michiel Maertens, Gabriëlle J. M. De Lannoy, Sebastian Apers, Sujay V. Kumar, and Sarith P. P. Mahanama
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4099–4125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we simulated the water balance over the South American Dry Chaco and assessed the impact of land cover changes thereon using three different land surface models. Our simulations indicated that different models result in a different partitioning of the total water budget, but all showed an increase in soil moisture and percolation over the deforested areas. We also found that, relative to independent data, no specific land surface model is significantly better than another.
Louise J. Slater, Bailey Anderson, Marcus Buechel, Simon Dadson, Shasha Han, Shaun Harrigan, Timo Kelder, Katie Kowal, Thomas Lees, Tom Matthews, Conor Murphy, and Robert L. Wilby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3897–3935, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3897-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3897-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Weather and water extremes have devastating effects each year. One of the principal challenges for society is understanding how extremes are likely to evolve under the influence of changes in climate, land cover, and other human impacts. This paper provides a review of the methods and challenges associated with the detection, attribution, management, and projection of nonstationary weather and water extremes.
Sanaa Hobeichi, Gab Abramowitz, and Jason P. Evans
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3855–3874, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3855-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3855-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) links the water, energy and carbon cycle on land. Reliable ET estimates are key to understand droughts and flooding. We develop a new ET dataset, DOLCE V3, by merging multiple global ET datasets, and we show that it matches ET observations better and hence is more reliable than its parent datasets. Next, we use DOLCE V3 to examine recent changes in ET and find that ET has increased over most of the land, decreased in some regions, and has not changed in some other regions
Frederik Kratzert, Daniel Klotz, Sepp Hochreiter, and Grey S. Nearing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2685–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2685-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2685-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how deep learning models use different meteorological data sets in the task of (regional) rainfall–runoff modeling. We show that performance can be significantly improved when using different data products as input and further show how the model learns to combine those meteorological input differently across time and space. The results are carefully benchmarked against classical approaches, showing the supremacy of the presented approach.
Fabian Stenzel, Dieter Gerten, and Naota Hanasaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1711–1726, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1711-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1711-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ideas to mitigate climate change include the large-scale cultivation of fast-growing plants to capture atmospheric CO2 in biomass. To maximize the productivity of these plants, they will likely be irrigated. However, there is strong disagreement in the literature on how much irrigation water is needed globally, potentially inducing water stress. We provide a comprehensive overview of global irrigation demand studies for biomass production and discuss the diverse underlying study assumptions.
Charles Rougé, Patrick M. Reed, Danielle S. Grogan, Shan Zuidema, Alexander Prusevich, Stanley Glidden, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, and Richard B. Lammers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1365–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1365-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1365-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Amid growing interest in using large-scale hydrological models for flood and drought monitoring and forecasting, it is important to evaluate common assumptions these models make. We investigated the representation of reservoirs as separate (non-coordinated) infrastructure. We found that not appropriately representing coordination and control processes can lead a hydrological model to simulate flood and drought events that would not occur given the coordinated emergency response in the basin.
Robert Reinecke, Hannes Müller Schmied, Tim Trautmann, Lauren Seaby Andersen, Peter Burek, Martina Flörke, Simon N. Gosling, Manolis Grillakis, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Yadu Pokhrel, Wim Thiery, Yoshihide Wada, Satoh Yusuke, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 787–810, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Billions of people rely on groundwater as an accessible source of drinking water and for irrigation, especially in times of drought. Groundwater recharge is the primary process of regenerating groundwater resources. We find that groundwater recharge will increase in northern Europe by about 19 % and decrease by 10 % in the Amazon with 3 °C global warming. In the Mediterranean, a 2 °C warming has already lead to a reduction in recharge by 38 %. However, these model predictions are uncertain.
Jérôme Kopp, Pauline Rivoire, S. Mubashshir Ali, Yannick Barton, and Olivia Martius
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-67, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-67, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Episodes of extreme rainfall events happening in close temporal succession can lead to floods with dramatic impacts. We developed a novel method to individually identify those episodes and deduced the regions where they occur frequently and where their impact is substantial. Those regions are the east and northeast of the Asian continent, central Canada and south of California, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, and north of Argentina/south of Bolivia.
Laura E. Queen, Philip W. Mote, David E. Rupp, Oriana Chegwidden, and Bart Nijssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 257–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-257-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-257-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a large ensemble of simulated flows throughout the northwestern USA, we compare daily flood statistics in the past (1950–1999) and future (2050–1999) periods and find that nearly all locations will experience an increase in flood magnitudes. The flood season expands significantly in many currently snow-dominant rivers, moving from only spring to both winter and spring. These results, properly extended, may help inform flood risk management and negotiations of the Columbia River Treaty.
Hylke E. Beck, Ming Pan, Diego G. Miralles, Rolf H. Reichle, Wouter A. Dorigo, Sebastian Hahn, Justin Sheffield, Lanka Karthikeyan, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Robert M. Parinussa, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Jinyang Du, John S. Kimball, Noemi Vergopolan, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 17–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-17-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-17-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the largest and most diverse set of surface soil moisture products ever evaluated in a single study. We found pronounced differences in performance among individual products and product groups. Our results provide guidance to choose the most suitable product for a particular application.
Dirk Eilander, Willem van Verseveld, Dai Yamazaki, Albrecht Weerts, Hessel C. Winsemius, and Philip J. Ward
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-582, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-582, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Digital elevation models and derived flow directions are crucial for distributed hydrological modelling. As the spatial resolution of models is typically coarser than these data we need methods to upscale flow direction data while preserving the river structure. We propose the Iterative Hydrography Upscaling (IHU) method and show it outperforms other often applied methods. In addition we derive the MERIT Hydro IHU hydrography dataset including sub-grid river attributes such as length and slope.
Yared Abayneh Abebe, Amineh Ghorbani, Igor Nikolic, Natasa Manojlovic, Angelika Gruhn, and Zoran Vojinovic
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5329–5354, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5329-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5329-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a coupled agent-based and flood model for Hamburg, Germany. It explores residents’ adaptation behaviour in relation to flood event scenarios, economic incentives and shared and individual strategies. We found that unique trajectories of adaptation behaviour emerge from different flood event series. Providing subsidies improves adaptation behaviour in the long run. The coupled modelling technique allows the role of individual measures in flood risk management to be examined.
Denise Cáceres, Ben Marzeion, Jan Hendrik Malles, Benjamin Daniel Gutknecht, Hannes Müller Schmied, and Petra Döll
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4831–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4831-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4831-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed how and to which extent changes in water storage on continents had an effect on global ocean mass over the period 1948–2016. Continents lost water to oceans at an accelerated rate, inducing sea level rise. Shrinking glaciers explain 81 % of the long-term continental water mass loss, while declining groundwater levels, mainly due to sustained groundwater pumping for irrigation, is the second major driver. This long-term decline was partly offset by the impoundment of water in dams.
Salma Tafasca, Agnès Ducharne, and Christian Valentin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3753–3774, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3753-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3753-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In land surface models (LSMs), soil properties are inferred from soil texture. In this study, we use different input global soil texture maps from the literature to investigate the impact of soil texture on the simulated water budget in an LSM. The medium loamy textures give the highest evapotranspiration and lowest total runoff rates. However, the different soil texture maps result in similar water budgets because of their inherent similarities, especially when upscaled at the 0.5° resolution.
Xinxuan Zhang, Viviana Maggioni, Azbina Rahman, Paul Houser, Yuan Xue, Timothy Sauer, Sujay Kumar, and David Mocko
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3775–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3775-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the extent to which a land surface model can be optimized via the assimilation of leaf area index (LAI) observations at the global scale. The model performance is evaluated by the model-estimated LAI and five water flux/storage variables. Results show the LAI assimilation reduces errors in the model-estimated LAI. The LAI assimilation also improves the five water variables under wet conditions, but some of the model-estimated variables tend to be worse under dry conditions.
Joseph L. Gutenson, Ahmad A. Tavakoly, Mark D. Wahl, and Michael L. Follum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2711–2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2711-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2711-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Global-scale hydrologic forecasts should account for attenuation through lakes and reservoirs. There is no consensus on the best approach to estimating this attenuation in large-spatial-scale hydrologic forecasts. This article investigates two existing parsimonious approaches to estimating reservoir outflows. We test each method at 60 reservoirs in the United States. We find that a method first developed in 2003 can provide a reasonable approximation of diurnal reservoir outflows.
Kurt C. Solander, Brent D. Newman, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Holly R. Barnard, Z. Carter Berry, Damien Bonal, Mario Bretfeld, Benoit Burban, Luiz Antonio Candido, Rolando Célleri, Jeffery Q. Chambers, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Matteo Detto, Wouter A. Dorigo, Brent E. Ewers, Savio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Alexander Knohl, L. Ruby Leung, Nate G. McDowell, Gretchen R. Miller, Maria Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro, Georgianne W. Moore, Robinson Negron-Juarez, Scott R. Saleska, Christian Stiegler, Javier Tomasella, and Chonggang Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2303–2322, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the soil moisture response in the humid tropics to El Niño during the three most recent super El Niño events. Our estimates are compared to in situ soil moisture estimates that span five continents. We find the strongest and most consistent soil moisture decreases in the Amazon and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. Our results can be used to improve estimates of soil moisture in tropical ecohydrology models at multiple scales.
A. Sankarasubramanian, Dingbao Wang, Stacey Archfield, Meredith Reitz, Richard M. Vogel, Amirhossein Mazrooei, and Sudarshana Mukhopadhyay
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1975–1984, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1975-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1975-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Budyko framework which relies on the supply and demand concept could be effectively adapted and extended to quantify the role of drivers – both changing climate and local human disturbances – in altering the land-surface response. This framework is extended with a few illustrative examples for quantifying the variability in land-surface fluxes for natural and human-altered watersheds. Potential for using observed and remotely sensed datasets in capturing this variability is also discussed.
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund, Ying Fan, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1927–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) rates and properties that regulate them are spatially heterogeneous. Averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) as the main drivers of ET may lead to biased estimates of energy and water fluxes from the land to the atmosphere. We show that this bias is largest in mountainous terrains, in regions with temperate climates and dry summers, and in landscapes where spatial variations in P and PET are inversely correlated.
Shufen Pan, Naiqing Pan, Hanqin Tian, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Hao Shi, Vivek K. Arora, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Catherine Ottlé, Benjamin Poulter, Sönke Zaehle, and Steven W. Running
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1485–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1485-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1485-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) links global water, carbon and energy cycles. We used 4 remote sensing models, 2 machine-learning algorithms and 14 land surface models to analyze the changes in global terrestrial ET. These three categories of approaches agreed well in terms of ET intensity. For 1982–2011, all models showed that Earth greening enhanced terrestrial ET. The small interannual variability of global terrestrial ET suggests it has a potential planetary boundary of around 600 mm yr-1.
Johannes Riegger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1447–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1447-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1447-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The combined use of GRACE mass anomalies and observed river discharge for the first time allows us to quantify the water storage volumes drainable by gravity on global scales. Modelling of catchment and river network storages in a cascade with different dynamics reveals the time lag between total mass and runoff is caused by a non-zero river network storage. This allows catchment and river network storage volumes to be distinguished and is thus of great importance for water resources management.
Berit Arheimer, Rafael Pimentel, Kristina Isberg, Louise Crochemore, Jafet C. M. Andersson, Abdulghani Hasan, and Luis Pineda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 535–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-535-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-535-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
How far can we reach in predicting river flow globally, using integrated catchment modelling and open global data? For the first time, a catchment model was applied world-wide, covering the entire globe with a relatively high resolution. The results show that stepwise calibration provided better performance than traditional modelling of the globe. The study highlights that open data and models are crucial to advance hydrological sciences by sharing knowledge and enabling transparent evaluation.
Lei Gu, Jie Chen, Jiabo Yin, Sylvia C. Sullivan, Hui-Min Wang, Shenglian Guo, Liping Zhang, and Jong-Suk Kim
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 451–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the multifaceted nature of droughts, this study quantifies the change in global drought risks for 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming trajectories by a multi-model ensemble under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). Socioeconomic exposures are investigated by incorporating the dynamic shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) into the drought impact assessment. The results show that even the ambitious 1.5 °C warming level can cause substantial increases on the global scale.
Colby K. Fisher, Ming Pan, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 293–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-293-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-293-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Poorly monitored river flows in many regions of the world have been hindering our ability to accurately estimate global water usage. In this paper we present a method to derive continuous records of streamflow from a set of in situ gauges. Applying this method to the Ohio River basin, we found that we could reliably generate estimates of streamflow throughout the basin using only a small set of streamflow gauges, which can be useful for global river basins where we do not have good observations.
Frederik Kratzert, Daniel Klotz, Guy Shalev, Günter Klambauer, Sepp Hochreiter, and Grey Nearing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5089-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5089-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach for regional rainfall–runoff modeling using long short-term memory (LSTM)-based models is presented and benchmarked against a range of well-known hydrological models. The approach significantly outperforms regionally calibrated hydrological models but also basin-wise calibrated models. Furthermore, we propose an adaption of the LSTM that allows us to extract the learned catchment understanding of the model and show that it matches our hydrology expert knowledge.
Adriaan J. Teuling, Emile A. G. de Badts, Femke A. Jansen, Richard Fuchs, Joost Buitink, Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, and Shannon M. Sterling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3631–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3631-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3631-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades, changes in land use and climate over Europe have impacted the average flow of water flowing through rivers and reservoirs (the so-called
water yield). We quantify these changes using a simple but widely tested modelling approach constrained by observations of lysimeters across Europe. Results show that the contribution of land use to changes in water yield are of the same order as changes in climate, showing that impacts of land use changes cannot be neglected.
Suyog Chaudhari, Yadu Pokhrel, Emilio Moran, and Gonzalo Miguez-Macho
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2841–2862, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2841-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2841-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive characterization of extreme drought events in the Amazon is provided with respect to their cause, type, spatial extent, and impact on different water stores. Basin-averaged trends in water storage indicate that the Amazon is getting wetter; however its southern and southeastern portions are getting drier. Water deficit is found to be 3-fold higher than the total water supplied during some drought years. Water deficit due to low precipitation events is absorbed by the groundwater.
Xingcai Liu, Wenfeng Liu, Hong Yang, Qiuhong Tang, Martina Flörke, Yoshimitsu Masaki, Hannes Müller Schmied, Sebastian Ostberg, Yadu Pokhrel, Yusuke Satoh, and Yoshihide Wada
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1245–1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1245-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1245-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities associated with water resource management have significantly increased in China during the past decades. This assessment helps us understand how streamflow has been affected by climate and human activities in China. Our analyses indicate that the climate impact has dominated streamflow changes in most areas, and human activities (in terms of water withdrawals) have increasingly decreased streamflow in the northern basins of China which are vulnerable to future climate change.
Bibi S. Naz, Wolfgang Kurtz, Carsten Montzka, Wendy Sharples, Klaus Goergen, Jessica Keune, Huilin Gao, Anne Springer, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, and Stefan Kollet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 277–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-277-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-277-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the value of assimilating coarse-resolution remotely sensed soil moisture data into high-resolution land surface models for improving soil moisture and runoff modeling. The soil moisture estimates in this study, with complete spatio-temporal coverage and improved spatial resolution from the assimilation, offer a new reanalysis product for the monitoring of surface soil water content and other hydrological fluxes at 3 km resolution over Europe.
Vinícius A. Siqueira, Rodrigo C. D. Paiva, Ayan S. Fleischmann, Fernando M. Fan, Anderson L. Ruhoff, Paulo R. M. Pontes, Adrien Paris, Stéphane Calmant, and Walter Collischonn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4815–4842, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4815-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4815-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Providing reliable estimates of water fluxes at the continental scale is challenging. We extended a regional hydrological model to the entirety of South America and assessed its performance using multiple observations. After a comparison with global models, we show the extent to which estimates of daily river discharge can be improved, even by using global forcing data. Issues of global-/continental-scale modeling and future directions for simulating discharge in this continent are discussed.
David R. Casson, Micha Werner, Albrecht Weerts, and Dimitri Solomatine
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4685–4697, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4685-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4685-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In high-latitude (> 60° N) watersheds, measuring the snowpack and predicting of snowmelt runoff are uncertain due to the lack of data and complex physical processes. This provides challenges for hydrological assessment and operational water management. Global re-analysis datasets have great potential to aid in snowpack representation and snowmelt prediction when combined with a distributed hydrological model, though they still have clear limitations in remote boreal forest and tundra environments.
Anouk I. Gevaert, Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Philip J. Ward
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4649–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is a natural hazard that has severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts around the globe. Here, we quantified the time taken for drought to propagate from precipitation droughts to soil moisture and streamflow droughts. Results show that propagation timescales are strongly related to climate type, with fast responses in tropical regions and slow responses in arid regions. Insight into the timescales of drought propagation globally may help improve seasonal drought forecasting.
Anouk I. Gevaert, Luigi J. Renzullo, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Hans J. van der Woerd, Albrecht H. Weerts, and Richard A. M. de Jeu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4605–4619, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We assimilated three satellite soil moisture retrievals based on different microwave frequencies into a hydrological model. Two sets of experiments were performed, first assimilating the retrievals individually and then assimilating each set of two retrievals jointly. Overall, assimilation improved agreement between model and field-measured soil moisture. Joint assimilation resulted in model performance similar to or better than assimilating either retrieval individually.
Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Ingo Fetzer, Patrick W. Keys, Ruud J. van der Ent, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Line J. Gordon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4311–4328, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Winds carry air moisture from one place to another. Thus, land-use change that alters air moisture content can also modify downwind rainfall and distant river flows. This aspect has rarely been taken into account in studies of river flow changes. We show here that remote land-use change effect on rainfall can exceed that of local, and that foreign nation influence on river flows is much more prevalent than previously thought. This has important implications for both land and water governance.
Tina Trautmann, Sujan Koirala, Nuno Carvalhais, Annette Eicker, Manfred Fink, Christoph Niemann, and Martin Jung
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4061–4082, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4061-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4061-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we adjust a simple hydrological model to several observational datasets, including satellite observations of the land's total water storage. We apply the model to northern latitudes and find that the dominating factor of changes in the total water storage depends on both the spatial and temporal scale of analysis. While snow dominates seasonal variations, liquid water determines year-to-year variations, yet with increasing contribution of snow when averaging over larger regions.
Fuxing Wang, Jan Polcher, Philippe Peylin, and Vladislav Bastrikov
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3863–3882, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3863-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3863-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work improves river discharge estimation by taking advantages of observation and model simulations. The new estimation takes into account both gauged and un-gauged rivers, and it compensates model systematic errors and missing processes (e.g., human water usage). This improved estimation is important not only for water resources management and ecosystem health over continent but also for ocean dynamics and salinity.
Nathaniel W. Chaney, Marjolein H. J. Van Huijgevoort, Elena Shevliakova, Sergey Malyshev, Paul C. D. Milly, Paul P. G. Gauthier, and Benjamin N. Sulman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3311–3330, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The petabytes of existing global environmental data provide an invaluable asset to improve the characterization of land heterogeneity in Earth system models. This study introduces a clustering algorithm that summarizes a domain's heterogeneity through spatially interconnected clusters. A series of land model simulations in central California using this approach illustrate the critical role that multi-scale heterogeneity can have on the macroscale water, energy, and carbon cycles.
Chinchu Mohan, Andrew W. Western, Yongping Wei, and Margarita Saft
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2689–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2689-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2689-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To ensure a sustainable supply of groundwater, scientific information about what is going into the system as recharge and what is taken out of the system via pumping is essential. This study identified the most influential factors in groundwater recharge and developed an empirical global recharge model. The meteorological and vegetation factors were the most important factors, and the long-term global average recharge was 134 mm per year. This model will aid in groundwater policy-making.
Peter Berg, Chantal Donnelly, and David Gustafsson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 989–1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-989-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-989-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new product (Global Forcing Data, GFD) that provides bias-adjusted meteorological forcing data for impact models, such as hydrological models, is presented. The main novelty with the product is the near-real time updating of the data which allows more up-to-date impact modeling. This is performed by combining climatological data sets with climate monitoring data sets. The potential in using the data to initialize hydrological forecasts is further investigated.
Hubertus M. Coerver, Martine M. Rutten, and Nick C. van de Giesen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 831–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-831-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-831-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global hydrological models aim to model hydrological processes, like flows in a river, on a global scale, as opposed to traditional models which are regional. A big challenge in creating these models is the inclusion of impacts on the hydrological cycle caused by humans, for example by the operation of large (hydropower) dams. The presented study investigates a new way to include these impacts by dams into global hydrological models.
Naota Hanasaki, Sayaka Yoshikawa, Yadu Pokhrel, and Shinjiro Kanae
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 789–817, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-789-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-789-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Six schemes were added to the H08 global hydrological model (GHM) to represent human water abstraction more accurately and ensure that all water fluxes and storage are traceable in each grid cell at a daily interval. The schemes of local reservoirs, aqueduct water transfer, and seawater desalination were incorporated into GHMs for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. H08 has become one of the most detailed GHMs for attributing water sources available to humanity.
Yu Zhang, Ming Pan, Justin Sheffield, Amanda L. Siemann, Colby K. Fisher, Miaoling Liang, Hylke E. Beck, Niko Wanders, Rosalyn F. MacCracken, Paul R. Houser, Tian Zhou, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, Rachel T. Pinker, Janice Bytheway, Christian D. Kummerow, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 241–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-241-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-241-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A global data record for all four terrestrial water budget variables (precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and total water storage change) at 0.5° resolution and monthly scale for the period of 1984–2010 is developed by optimally merging a series of remote sensing products, in situ measurements, land surface model outputs, and atmospheric reanalysis estimates and enforcing the mass balance of water. Initial validations show the data record is reliable for climate related analysis.
Carmelo Cammalleri, Jürgen V. Vogt, Bernard Bisselink, and Ad de Roo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6329–6343, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6329-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6329-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Drought can affect large regions of the world, implying the need for a global monitoring tool. For the JRC Global Drought Observatory (GDO,
http://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/gdo/), 3 soil moisture anomaly datasets have been compared, in order to evaluate their consistency. The analysis performed on five macro-regions (North America, Europe, India, southern Africa and Australia) suggests the need to combine these different data sources in order to obtain robust assessments over a variety of conditions.
Joyce H. C. Bosmans, Ludovicus P. H. van Beek, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5603–5626, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5603-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5603-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how changes in land cover, such as deforestation, affect river runoff and evaporation from the land surface. We use computer simulations to show that the impact of land cover changes is significant and, when globally averaged, it is as important as more direct human impacts through water use (such as irrigation). There is large spatial variability in the impact of land cover change, with the largest changes when tall vegetation (such as forests) is replaced by crop fields.
Cherry May R. Mateo, Dai Yamazaki, Hyungjun Kim, Adisorn Champathong, Jai Vaze, and Taikan Oki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5143–5163, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5143-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5143-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Providing large-scale (regional or global) simulation of floods at fine spatial resolution is difficult due to computational constraints but is necessary to provide consistent estimates of hazards, especially in data-scarce regions. We assessed the capability of an advanced global-scale river model to simulate an extreme flood at fine resolution. We found that when multiple flow connections in rivers are represented, the model can provide reliable fine-resolution predictions of flood inundation.
Lamprini V. Papadimitriou, Aristeidis G. Koutroulis, Manolis G. Grillakis, and Ioannis K. Tsanis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4379–4401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4379-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4379-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Bias correction of climate model outputs has become a standard procedure accompanying climate change impact studies. However, it introduces a new level of uncertainty in the modelling chain which remains relatively unexplored. In this work we present a new framework for the quantification and categorization of the effect of bias correction on global hydrological simulations and we derive information on the sensitivity and magnitude of the effect of GCM biases on runoff, at the global scale.
Luis Samaniego, Rohini Kumar, Stephan Thober, Oldrich Rakovec, Matthias Zink, Niko Wanders, Stephanie Eisner, Hannes Müller Schmied, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Sabine Attinger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4323–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4323-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4323-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We inspect the state-of-the-art of several land surface (LSMs) and hydrologic models (HMs) and show that most do not have consistent and realistic parameter fields for land surface geophysical properties. We propose to use the multiscale parameter regionalization (MPR) technique to solve, at least partly, the scaling problem in LSMs/HMs. A general model protocol is presented to describe how MPR can be applied to a specific model.
Yoshihide Wada, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Ad de Roo, Paul A. Dirmeyer, James S. Famiglietti, Naota Hanasaki, Megan Konar, Junguo Liu, Hannes Müller Schmied, Taikan Oki, Yadu Pokhrel, Murugesu Sivapalan, Tara J. Troy, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Tim van Emmerik, Marjolein H. J. Van Huijgevoort, Henny A. J. Van Lanen, Charles J. Vörösmarty, Niko Wanders, and Howard Wheater
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rapidly increasing population and human activities have altered terrestrial water fluxes on an unprecedented scale. Awareness of potential water scarcity led to first global water resource assessments; however, few hydrological models considered the interaction between terrestrial water fluxes and human activities. Our contribution highlights the importance of human activities transforming the Earth's water cycle, and how hydrological models can include such influences in an integrated manner.
Naze Candogan Yossef, Rens van Beek, Albrecht Weerts, Hessel Winsemius, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4103–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4103-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4103-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a skill assessment of the global seasonal streamflow forecasting system FEWS-World. For 20 large basins of the world, forecasts using the ESP procedure are compared to forecasts using actual S3 seasonal meteorological forecast ensembles by ECMWF. The results are discussed in the context of prevailing hydroclimatic conditions per basin. The study concludes that in general, the skill of ECMWF S3 forecasts is close to that of the ESP forecasts.
Cited articles
Alcamo, J., Döll, P., Henrichs, T., Kaspar, F., Lehner, B., Rösch, T., and Siebert, S.: Global estimates of water withdrawals and availability under current and future “business-as-usual” conditions, Hydrol. Sci. J., 48, 339–349, 2003.
Allan, J. D., Palmer, M. A., and Poff, N. L.: Climate change and freshwater ecosystems, in: Climate Change and Biodiversity, Yale University Press, New Haven CT, 272–290, 2005.
Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Poff, N. L., and Naiman, R. J.: The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems, Ecol. Appl., 16, 1311–1318, 2006.
aus der Beek, T., Flörke, M., Lapola, D. M., Schaldach, R., Voß, F., and Teichert, E.: Modelling historical and current irrigation water demand on the continental scale: Europe, Adv. Geosci., 27, 79–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-27-79-2010, 2010.
Barbier, E. B. and Thompson, J. R.: The value of water: Floodplain versus large-scale irrigation benefits in northern Nigeria, AMBIO, 27, 434–440, 1998.
Bayley, P. B.: The Flood Pulse Advantage and the Restoration of River-Floodplain Systems, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 6, 75–86, 1991.
Bayley, P. B.: Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems, BioScience, 45, 153–158, 1995.
Beck, H. E., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., de Roo, A., Dutra, E., Fink, G., Orth, R., and Schellekens, J.: Global evaluation of runoff from ten state-of-the-art hydrological models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-124, in review, 2016.
Bellman, R. E.: Dynamic Programming, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 340 pp., 1957.
Benítez Sanz, C., and Schmidt, G.: Analysis of the implementation of Environmental Flows in the wider context of the River Basin Management Plans, Report, INTECSA-INARSA, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/water/implrep2007/pdf/Water abstraction and use - Eflows.pdf (last access: 22 June 2015), 2012.
Chao, B. F., Wu, Y. H., and Li, Y. S.: Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level, Science, 320, 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154580, 2008.
Collier, M., Webb, R. H., and Schmidt, J. C.: Dams and Rivers – A Primer on the Downstream Effects of Dams, US Geological Survey, Circular 1126, 108 pp., 1996.
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Faber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., and van der Belt, M.: The value of the world's ecosystems and natural capital, Nature, 387, 253–260, 1997.
Cushing, C. E. and Allan, J. D.: Streams: Their Ecology and Life, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 89 pp., 2001.
Dankers, R., Arnell, N. W., Clark, D. B., Falloon, P. D., Fekete, B. M., Gosling, S. N., Heinke, J., Kim, H., Masaki, Y., Satoh, Y., Stacke, T., Wada, Y., and Wisser, D.: First look at changes in flood hazard in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project ensemble, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3257–3261, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302078110, 2013.
De Stefano, L., Duncan, J., Dinar, S., Stahl, K., Strzepek, K. M., and Wolf, A. T.: Climate change and the institutional resilience of international river basins, J. Peace Res., 49, 193–209, 2012.
Dixon, M. J. R., Loh, J., Davidson, N. C., Beltrame, C., Freeman, R., and Walpole, M.: Tracking global change in ecosystem area: The Wetland Extent Trends index, Biol. Cons., 193, 27–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.10.023, 2016.
Döll, P. and Zhang, J.: Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global-scale analysis of ecologically relevant river flow alterations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 783–799, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-783-2010, 2010.
Döll, P., Fiedler, K., and Zhang, J.: Global-scale analysis of river flow alterations due to water withdrawals and reservoirs, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2413–2432, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2413-2009, 2009.
Doocy, S., Daniels, A., Murray, S., and Kirsch, T. D.: The Human Impact of Floods: a Historical Review of Events 1980-2009 and Systematic Literature Review, PLOS Currents Disasters, 1, https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.f4deb457904936b07c09daa, 2013.
Dynesius, M. and Nilsson, C.: Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the Northern third of the world, Science, 266, 753–62, 1994.
EEA (European Environment Agency): Corine Land Cover 2000 – Mapping a decade of change Document Actions, Tech. Rep. Brochure No 4/2004, 2004.
Eisner, S.: Comprehensive evaluation of the WaterGAP3 model across climatic, physiographic, and anthropogenic gradients, dissertation, KOBRA Dokumentenserver, University of Kassel, Germany, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2016031450014 (last access: 6 June 2017), 2016.
Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Chamorro, A., Daggupati, P., Donnelly, C., Huang, J., Hundecha, Y., Koch, H., Kalugin, A., Krylenko, I., Mishra, V., Piniewski, M., Samaniego, L., Seidou, O., Wallner, M., and Krysanova, V.: An ensemble analysis of climate change impacts on streamflow seasonality across 11 large river basins, Climatic Change, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1844-5, 2017.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations): FAO Water Lex Legal Database, http://www.waterlex.org/waterlex-legal-database/, last access: 22 June 2015.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations): World Development Indicators, AQUASTAT data, available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ER.H2O.FWTL.K3 (last access: 20 January 2017), 2016.
Flörke, M., Bärlund, I., and Kynast, E.: Will climate change affect the electricity production sector? A European study, Water Climate Change, 3, 44–54, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2012.066, 2012.
Flörke, M., Kynast, E., Bärlund, I., Eisner, S., Wimmer, F., and Alcamo, J.: Domestic and industrial water uses of the past 60 years as a mirror of socio-economic development: A global simulation study, Glob. Environ. Change, 23, 144–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.018, 2013.
Georgiyevsky, V. Y., Zhuravin, S. A., and Ezhov, A. V.: Assessment of trends in hydrometeorological situation on the Great Russian Plain under the effect of climate variations, in: Proceedings of American Geophysical Union, 15th Annual Hydrology Days, 47–58, 1995.
Georgiyevsky, V. Y., Yezhov, A. V., Shalygin, A. L., Shiklomanov, A. I., and Shiklomanov, I. A.: Evaluation of possible climate change impact on hydrological regime and water resources of the former USSR rivers, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 11, 89–99, 1996.
Georgiyevsky, V. Y., Yezhov, A. V., and Shalygin, A. L.: An assessment of changing river runoff due to man's impact and global climate warming, in: River Runoff Calculations, Report at the International Symposium, UNESCO, 75–81, 1997.
GRDC: Long Term Mean Monthly Discharges and Annual Characteristics of Selected GRDC Stations, the Global Runoff Data Centre, Koblenz, Germany, 2004.
Gregory, S. V., Swanson, F. J., McKee, W. A., and Cummins, K. W.: An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones, BioScience, 41, 540–551, 1991.
Grill, G., Lehner, B., Lumsdon, A. E., MacDonald, G. K., Zarfl, C., and Liermann, C. R.: An index-based framework for assessing patterns and trends in river fragmentation and flow regulation by global dams at multiple scales, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/1/015001, 2015.
GWP (Global Water Partnership): Integrated water resource management in Central Asia: The challenges of managing large transboundary rivers, Technical Focus Paper, ISBN: 91-85321-99-0, 2014.
Haddeland, I., Heinke, J., Biemans, H., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Hanasaki, N., Konzmann, M., Ludwig, F., Masaki, Y., Stacke, T., Tessler, Z. D., Wada, Y., and Wisser, D.: Global water resources affected by human interventions and climate change, Supporting Information, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3251–3256, 2014.
Hanasaki, N., Kanae, S., and Oki, T.: A reservoir operation scheme for global river routing models, J. Hydrol., 327, 22–41, 2006.
Hempel, S., Frieler, K., Warszawski, L., Schewe, J., and Piontek, F.: A trend-preserving bias correction – the ISI-MIP approach, Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., 4, 49–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/esdd-4-49-2013, 2013.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Chapagain, A. K., Aldaya, M. M., and Mekonnen, M. M.: The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard, Earthscan, London, Washington, DC, ISBN 978-1-84971-279-8, 2011.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M., Chapagain, A. K., Mathews, R. E., and Richter, B. D.: Global water scarcity: the monthly blue water footprint com- pared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 3232–3237, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109936109, 2012.
Hughes, F. M. R.: The ecology of African floodplain forests in semi-arid and arid zones: a review, J. Biogeogr., 15, 127–140, 1988.
ICOLD (International Commission of Large Dams): World Register of Dams, Int. Comm, Large Dams, Paris, France, 2007.
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change edited by: Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R. K., and Meyer, L. A., IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp., 2014.
Jolly, I. D.: The effects of river management on the hydrology and hydroecology of arid and semi-arid floodplains, in: Floodplain Processes, edited by: Anderson, M. G., Walling, D. E., and Bates, P. D., Chichester, UK, Wiley, 577–609, 1996.
Jonkman, S. N.: Global Perspectives on Loss of Human Life Caused by Floods, Nat. Hazard., 34, 151–175, 2005.
Junk, W. J. and Wantzen, K. M.: The Flood Pulse Concept: New Aspects, Approaches and Applications – An Update, in Welcomme, R., Petr, T., (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Large River Symposium (LARS), Pnom Penh, Cambodia, Bangkok, RAP Publication, 117–140, 2004.
Junk, W. J., Bayley, P. B., and Sparks, R. E.: The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 110–127, 1989.
Kingsford, R. T.: Ecological impacts of dams, water diversions and river management on floodplain wetlands in Australia, Aust. Ecol., 25, 109–127, 2000.
Khublaryan, M. G.: Water Resources for Sustainable Development, with particular Reference to Russia, in: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Vol. 1, Area Studies-Russia (Regional Sustainable Development Review, ISBN-978-1-84826-074-0, 2000.
Laize, C. L. R., Acreman, M. C., Schneider, C., Dunbar, M. J., Houghton-Carr, H., Flörke, M., and Hannah, D. M.: Projected flow alteration and ecological risk for pan-European rivers, River Res. Appl., 30, 299–314, https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1002/rra.2645, 2014.
Lehner, B., Verdin, K., and Jarvis., A.: New Global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data, Eos. Trans. 89, 93–94, 2008.
Lehner, B., Liermann, C. R., Revenga, C., Vörösmarty, C., Fekete, B., Crouzet, P., Döll, P., Endejan, M., Frenken, K., Magome, J., Nilsson, C., Robertson, J. C., Rödel, R., Sindorf, N., and Wisser, D.: High-resolution mapping of the world's reservoirs and dams for sustainable river-flow management, Front. Ecol. Environ., 9, 494–502, https://doi.org/10.1890/100125, 2011.
Le Quesne, T., Kendy, E., and Weston, D.: The Implementation Challenge: Taking stock of government policies to protect and restore environmental flows, WWF and Nature Conservancy, http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/the_implementation_challenge.pdf (last access: 22 June 2015), 2010.
Lloyd, N., Quinn, G., Thoms, M., Arthington, A., Gawne, B., Humphries, P., and Walker, K.: Does flow modification cause geomorphological and ecological response in rivers?, a literature review from an Australian perspective, Technical report 1/2004, CRCFE, Canberra, 2004.
Magilligan, F. J. and Nislow, K. H.: Changes in hydrologic regime by dams, Geomorphology, 71, 61–78, 2005.
Maheshwari, B. L., Walker, K. F., and McMahon, T. A.: Effects of flow regulation on the flow regime of the River Murray, Australia, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 10, 15–38, 1995.
McCully, P.: Silenced rivers: the ecology and politics of large dams, Zed Books, London, UK, 1996.
McDonald, R., Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., Boucher, T., Grill, G., and Montgomery, M.: Water on an urban planet: urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure, Glob. Enviro. Change, 27, 96–105, 2014.
Middelkoop, H., Alabyan, A. M., Babich, D. B., and Ivanov, V. V.: Post-dam Channel and Floodplain Adjustment along the Lower Volga River, Russia, Geomorphic Approaches to Integrated Floodplain Management of Lowland Fluvial Systems in North America & Europe, 245–264, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2380-9_10, 2015.
Milly, P. C. D., Betancourt, J., Falkenmark, M., Hirsch, R. M., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Lettenmaier, D. P., and Stouffer, R. J.: Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management?, Science, 319, 573–574, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151915, 2008.
Moore, M.: Perceptions and interpretation of environmental flows and implications for future water resources management: a survey study, Thesis (MSc), Department of Water and Environment Studies, Linköping University, Sweden, 2004.
Naiman R. J., Décamps H., and Pollock, M.: The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity, Ecol. Appl., 3, 209–212, 1993.
Naiman, R. J., Bunn, S. E., Nilsson, C., Petts, G. E., Pinay, G., and Thompson, L. C.: Legitimizing fluvial ecosystems as users of water: an overview, Environ. Manage., 30, 455–467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2734-3, 2002.
Nilsson, C. and Berggren, K.: Alterations of riparian ecosystems caused by river regulation, Bioscience, 50, 783–792, 2000.
Nilsson, C., Reidy, C. A., Dynesius, M., and Revenga, C.: Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world's large river systems, Science 308, 405–408, 2005.
Nislow, K. H., Magilligan, F. J., Fassnacht, H., Bechtel, D., and Ruesink, A.: Effects of hydrologic alteration on flood regime of natural floodplain communities in the upper Connecticut River, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 38, 1533–1548, 2002.
Nohara, D., Kitoh, A., Hosaka, M., and Oki, T.: Impact of Climate Change on River Discharge Projected by Multimodel Ensemble, J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 1076–1089, 2006.
Norris, R. H. and Thoms, M. C.: What is river health?, Freshwater Biol., 41, 197–209, 1999.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development): Water Resources Allocation: Sharing Risks and Opportunities, OECD studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264229631-en, 2015.
Okruszko, T., Duel, H., Acreman, M., Grygoruk, M., Flörke, M., and Schneider, C.: Broad-scale ecosystem services of European wetlands – overview of the current situation and future perspectives under different climate and water management scenarios, Hydrol. Sci. J., 56, 1501–1517, 2011.
Pahl-Wostl, C., Arthington, A., Bogardi, J., Bunn, S. E., Hoff, H., Lebel, L., Nikitina, E., Palmer, M., Poff, L. N., Richards, K., Schlüter, M., Schulze, R., St-Hilaire, A., Tharme, R., Tockner, K., and Tsegai, D.: Environmental flows and water governance: managing sustainable water uses, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sust., 5, 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.009, 2013.
Palau, A. and Alcazar, J.: The basic flow method for incorporating flow variability in environmental flows, River Res. Appl., 28, 93–102, 2012.
Pastor, A. V., Ludwig, F., Biemans, H., Hoff, H., and Kabat, P.: Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5041–5059, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5041-2014, 2014.
Petersen-Perlman, J. D.: Mechanisms of cooperation for states' construction of large-scale water infrastructure in transboundary river basins, PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, USA, 2014.
Petts, G. E.: Impounded Rivers: Perspectives for Ecological Management, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England, 326 pp., 1984.
Poff, N. L. and Hart, D. D.: How Dams Vary and Why It Matters for the Emerging Science of Dam Removal, BioScience, 52, 659–738, 2002.
Poff, N. L. and Matthews, J. H.: Environmental flows in the Anthropocence: past progress and future prospects, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5, 667–675, 2013.
Poff, N. L. and Zimmerman, J. K. H.: Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows, Freshwater Biol., 55, 194–205, 2010.
Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., Sparks, R. E., and Stromberg, J. C.: The natural flow regime, Bioscience 47, 769–784, 1997.
Poff, N. L., Olden, J. D., Merritt, D., M., and Pepin, D. M.: Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global biodiversity implications, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 5732–5737, 2007.
Poff, N. L., Richter, B. D., Arthington, A. H., Bunn, S. E., Naiman, R. J., Kendy, E., Acreman, M. C., Apse, C., Bledsoe, B. P., Freeman, M. C., Henriksen, J., Jacobson, R. B., Kennen, J. G., Merritt, D. M., O'Keeffe, J. H., Olden, J. D., Rogers, K., Tharme, R. E., and Warner, A.: The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards, Freshwater Biology, 55, 147–170, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x, 2009.
Postel, S. L. and Richter, B. D.: Rivers For Life: Managing Water for People and Nature, Island Press, 2003.
Riahi, K., Rao, S., Krey, V., Cho, C., Chirkov, V., Fischer, G., Kindermann, G., Nakicenovic, N., and Rafaj, P.: RCP8.5 – A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions, Climatic Change, 109, 33–57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y, 2011.
Richter, B. D.: Re-thinking environmental flows: from allocations and reserves to sustainability boundaries, River Res. Appl., 26, 1052–1063, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1320, 2009.
Richter, B. D. and Thomas, G. A.: Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam operations, Ecol. Soc., 12, 12, 2007.
Richter, B. D., Davis, M. M., Apse, C., and Konrad, C.: A presumptive standard for environmental flow protection, River Res. Appl., 28, 1312–1321, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1511, 2012.
Rosenberg, D. M., McCully, P., and Pringle, C. M.: Global-Scale Environmental Effects of Hydrological Alterations: Introduction, BioScience, 50, 746–751, 2000.
RSIS: Ramsar Sites Information Service, available at: https://rsis.ramsar.org/, last access: 27 January 2015.
Savarenskiy, A. D.: Metod rascheta regulirovaniya stoka (A method for streamflow control computation), Gidrotekh. Stroit., 2, 24–28, 1940.
Schmeier, S.: International RBO Database, Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (TFDD), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, available at: http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/RBO/RBO_Database.html, last access: 27 July 2014.
Schneider, C.: River ecosystems at risk, Modelling and assessing the impacts of dam operation, water use and climate change on global and continental river flow regimes, dissertation, KOBRA Dokumentenserver, University of Kassel, Germany, 1–163, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2015121849487 (last access: 6 June 2017), 2015.
Schneider, C., Flörke, M., Eisner, S., and Voss, F.: Large scale modelling of bankfull flow: an example for Europe, J. Hydrol., 408, 235–245, 2011a.
Schneider, C., Flörke, M., Geerling, G., Duel, H., Grygoruk, M., and Okruszko, T.: The future of European floodplain wetlands under a changing climate, J. Water Clim., 2, 106–122, 2011b.
Schneider, C., Laizé, C. L. R., Acreman, M. C., and Flörke, M.: How will climate change modify river flow regimes in Europe?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 325–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-325-2013, 2013.
Siebert, S., Henrich, V., Frenken, K., and Burke, J.: Global Map of Irrigation Areas version 5, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2013.
Smakhtin, V., Revenga, C., and Döll, P.: Taking into Account Environmental Water Requirements in Global-scale Water Resources Assessments, Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Research Report 2 (IWMI, Colombo), 2004.
Smakhtin, V. U. and Eriyagama, N.: Developing a software package for global desktop assessment of environmental flows, Environ. Modell. Softw., 23, 1396–1406, 2008.
Sparks, R. E.: Need for Ecosystem Management of Large Rivers and Their Floodplains, Bioscience, 45, 168–182, 1995.
Swiss Re: World insurance in 2013: steering towards recovery, http://media.swissre.com/documents/sigma3_2014_en.pdf (last access: 17 May 2015), 2014.
Taylor P. J., Walker G. R., Hodgson G., Hatton T. J., and Correll, R. L.: Testing of a GIS Model of Eucalyptus largiflorens health on a semiarid, saline floodplain, Environ. Manage., 20, 553–564, 1996.
Tharme, R. E. and King, J. M.: Development of the Building Block Methodology for instream flow assessments, and supporting research on the effects of different magnitude flows on riverine ecosystems, Water Research Commission Report No. 576/1/98, 452 pp., 1998.
Tockner, K. and Stanford, J. A.: Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends, Environ. Conserv., 29, 308–30, 2002.
Tockner, K., Malard, F., and Ward, J. V.: An extention of the flood pulse concept, Hydrol. Process., 14, 2861–2883, 2000.
UDI (Utility Data Institute): World Electric Power Plants Database, Platts Energy InfoStore, available at: http://www.platts.com (last access: 17 April 2012), 2004.
Uluocha, N. O. and Okeke, I. C.: Implications of wetlands degradation for water resources management: Lessons from Nigeria, GeoJournal, 61, 151–154, 2004.
UNEP: Vital Water Graphics – An Overview of the State of the World's Fresh and Marine Waters, 2 nd Edn., UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN: 92-807-2236-0, available at: http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/water2/page/3262.aspx (last access: 1 February 2017), 2008.
USGS: Global Land Cover Characterization (GLCC), available at: http://edc2.usgs.gov/glcc/ glcc.php (last access: 27 June 2012), 2008.
van Beek, L. P. H., Wada, Y., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global monthly water stress: 1. Water balance and water availability, Water. Resour. Res., 47, W07517, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009791, 2011.
Verzano, K. and Menzel, L.: Snow conditions in mountains and climate change – a global view, in: Hydrology in Mountain Regions: Observations, Processes and Dynamics, Proceedings of Symposium HS1003 at IUGG2007, Perugia, July 2007, 147–154, 2009.
Verzano, K., Bärlund, I., Flörke, M., Lehner, B., Kynast, E., and Voß, F.: Modeling variable river flow velocity on continental scale: Current situation and climate change impacts in Europe, J. Hydrol., 424–425, 238–251, 2012.
Vörösmarty, C. J., Sharma, K. P., Fekete, B. M., Copeland, A. H., Holden, J., Marble, J., and Lough, J. A.: The storage and aging of continental runoff in large reservoir systems of the world, Ambio, 26, 210–219, 1997.
Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A., Reidy Liermann, C., and Davies, P. M.: Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity, Nature 467, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440, 2010.
Watts, R. J., Richter, B. D., Opperman, J. J., and Bowmer, K. H.: Dam reoperation in an era of climate change, Mar. Freshwater Res., 62, 321–327, 2011.
WCD (World Commission on Dams): Dams and development: a new framework for decision-making, Earthscan, London, UK, 2000.
Weedon, G. P., Balsamo, G., Bellouin, N., Gomes, S., Best, M. J., and Viterbo, P.: The WFDEI meteorological forcing data set: WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA-Interim reanalysis data, Water Resour. Res., 50, 7505–7514, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015638, 2014.
Welcomme, R.: Fisheries ecology of floodplain rivers, London: Longman, 1979.
Wilding, T. K. and Poff, N. L.: Flow-ecology relationships for the watershed flow evaluation tool, in: Watershed Flow Evaluation Tool Pilot Study for Roaring Fork and Fountain Creek Watersheds and Site-specific Quantification Pilot Study for Roaring Fork Watershed, edited by: Bledsoe, B. D., Miller, W. J., Poff, N. L., Sanderson, J. S., and Wilding, T. K., Colorado Water Conservation Board: Denver, Colorado, 2008.
WWF (World Wildlife Fund): Rivers at risk: dams and the future of freshwater ecosystems, available online at: http://assets.panda.org/downloads/riversatriskfullreport.pdf (last access: 11 May 2015), 2004.
WWF (World Wildlife Fund): Living Planet Report 2014: species and spaces, people and places, edited by: McLellan, R., Iyengar, L., Jeffries, B., and Oerlemans, N., WWF, Gland, Switzerland, 2014.
Zarfl, C., Lumsdon, A. E., Berlekamp, J., Tydecks, L., and Tockner, K.: A global boom in hydropower dam construction, Aquat. Sci., 77, 161–170, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-014-0377-0, 2014.
Short summary
Riparian wetlands are disappearing worldwide due to altered river flow regimes. The WaterGAP3 modeling framework is used to compare modified to natural flow regimes at 93 Ramsar sites. Results indicate that water resource management seriously impairs inundation patterns at 29 % of the sites. New dam initiatives are likely to affect especially wetlands located in South America, Asia, and the Balkan Peninsula. Hotspots for climate change impacts could be eastern Europe and South America.
Riparian wetlands are disappearing worldwide due to altered river flow regimes. The WaterGAP3...
