Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-573-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-573-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Jan 2019
Research article |
| 31 Jan 2019
| 31 Jan 2019
A parsimonious transport model of emerging contaminants at the river network scale
Elena Diamantini
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering,
University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
Stefano Mallucci
C3A – Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of
Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San
Michele all'Adige, Italy
Alberto Bellin
Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering,
University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Bruno Majone, Diego Avesani, Patrick Zulian, Aldo Fiori, and Alberto Bellin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3863–3883, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3863-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3863-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we introduce a methodology for devising reliable future high streamflow scenarios from climate change simulations. The calibration of a hydrological model is carried out to maximize the probability that the modeled and observed high flow extremes belong to the same statistical population. Application to the Adige River catchment (southeastern Alps, Italy) showed that this procedure produces reliable quantiles of the annual maximum streamflow for use in assessment studies.
Jiancong Chen, Bhavna Arora, Alberto Bellin, and Yoram Rubin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4127–4146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a stochastic framework with indicator random variables to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of environmental hot spots and hot moments (HSHMs) that represent rare locations and events exerting a disproportionate influence over the environment. HSHMs are characterized by static and dynamic indicators. This framework is advantageous as it allows us to calculate the uncertainty associated with HSHMs based on uncertainty associated with its contributors.
Sebastiano Piccolroaz, Michele Di Lazzaro, Antonio Zarlenga, Bruno Majone, Alberto Bellin, and Aldo Fiori
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2047–2061, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2047-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2047-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present HYPERstream, an innovative, parsimonious, and computationally efficient streamflow routing scheme based on the width function instantaneous unit hydrograph theory. HYPERstream is designed to be easily coupled with climate models and to preserve the geomorphological dispersion of the river network, irrespective of the model grid size. This makes HYPERstream well suited for multi-scale applications (from catchment up to continental scale) and to investigate extreme events (e.g. floods).
L. Carturan, C. Baroni, M. Becker, A. Bellin, O. Cainelli, A. Carton, C. Casarotto, G. Dalla Fontana, A. Godio, T. Martinelli, M. C. Salvatore, and R. Seppi
The Cryosphere, 7, 1819–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1819-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1819-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Technical Note: The divide and measure nonconformity – how metrics can mislead when we evaluate on different data partitions
Bimodal hydrographs in a semi-humid forested watershed: characteristics and occurrence conditions
Flood drivers and trends: a case study of the Geul River catchment (the Netherlands) over the past half century
Power law between the apparent drainage density and the pruning area
Characterizing nonlinear, nonstationary, and heterogeneous hydrologic behavior using Ensemble Rainfall-Runoff Analysis (ERRA): proof of concept
Stream water sourcing from high-elevation snowpack inferred from stable isotopes of water: a novel application of d-excess values
Elasticity curves describe streamflow sensitivity to precipitation across the entire flow distribution
Ratio Limits of Water Storage and Outflow in Rainfall-runoff Process
Seasonal and interannual dissolved organic carbon transport process dynamics in a subarctic headwater catchment revealed by high-resolution measurements
Links between seasonal suprapermafrost groundwater, the hydrothermal change of the active layer, and river runoff in alpine permafrost watersheds
Technical note: Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters: effect of sub-daily atmospheric variations and eventual depletion of heavy isotopes
Increased nonstationarity of stormflow threshold behaviors in a forested watershed due to abrupt earthquake disturbance
HESS Opinions: Are soils overrated in hydrology?
Hydrologic implications of projected changes in rain-on-snow melt for Great Lakes Basin watersheds
A hydrological framework for persistent pools along non-perennial rivers
Evidence-based requirements for perceptualising intercatchment groundwater flow in hydrological models
Droughts can reduce the nitrogen retention capacity of catchments
Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective
Three hypotheses on changing river flood hazards
A multivariate-driven approach for disentangling the reduction in near-natural Iberian water resources post-1980
Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC : NO3− stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream
Event controls on intermittent streamflow in a temperate climate
Inclusion of flood diversion canal operation in the H08 hydrological model with a case study from the Chao Phraya River basin: model development and validation
Flood generation: process patterns from the raindrop to the ocean
Use of streamflow indices to identify the catchment drivers of hydrographs
Theoretical and empirical evidence against the Budyko catchment trajectory conjecture
Spatial distribution of groundwater recharge, based on regionalised soil moisture models in Wadi Natuf karst aquifers, Palestine
Barriers to mainstream adoption of catchment-wide natural flood management: a transdisciplinary problem-framing study of delivery practice
Low hydrological connectivity after summer drought inhibits DOC export in a forested headwater catchment
Rainbow color map distorts and misleads research in hydrology – guidance for better visualizations and science communication
Attribution of growing season evapotranspiration variability considering snowmelt and vegetation changes in the arid alpine basins
Event and seasonal hydrologic connectivity patterns in an agricultural headwater catchment
Exploring the role of hydrological pathways in modulating multi-annual climate teleconnection periodicities from UK rainfall to streamflow
Technical note: “Bit by bit”: a practical and general approach for evaluating model computational complexity vs. model performance
Hillslope and groundwater contributions to streamflow in a Rocky Mountain watershed underlain by glacial till and fractured sedimentary bedrock
A framework for seasonal variations of hydrological model parameters: impact on model results and response to dynamic catchment characteristics
Hydrology and beyond: the scientific work of August Colding revisited
The influence of a prolonged meteorological drought on catchment water storage capacity: a hydrological-model perspective
Hydrological and runoff formation processes based on isotope tracing during ablation period in the source regions of Yangtze River
Importance of snowmelt contribution to seasonal runoff and summer low flows in Czechia
Concentration–discharge relationships vary among hydrological events, reflecting differences in event characteristics
Recession analysis revisited: impacts of climate on parameter estimation
Understanding the effects of climate warming on streamflow and active groundwater storage in an alpine catchment: the upper Lhasa River
Technical note: An improved discharge sensitivity metric for young water fractions
Hydrological signatures describing the translation of climate seasonality into streamflow seasonality
Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network
Historic hydrological droughts 1891–2015: systematic characterisation for a diverse set of catchments across the UK
A topographic index explaining hydrological similarity by accounting for the joint controls of runoff formation
Trajectories of nitrate input and output in three nested catchments along a land use gradient
Contrasting rainfall-runoff characteristics of floods in desert and Mediterranean basins
Daniel Klotz, Martin Gauch, Frederik Kratzert, Grey Nearing, and Jakob Zscheischler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3665–3673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The evaluation of model performance is essential for hydrological modeling. Using performance criteria requires a deep understanding of their properties. We focus on a counterintuitive aspect of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and show that if we divide the data into multiple parts, the overall performance can be higher than all the evaluations of the subsets. Although this follows from the definition of the NSE, the resulting behavior can have unintended consequences in practice.
Zhen Cui, Fuqiang Tian, Zilong Zhao, Zitong Xu, Yongjie Duan, Jie Wen, and Mohd Yawar Ali Khan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3613–3632, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the response characteristics and occurrence conditions of bimodal hydrographs using 10 years of hydrometric and isotope data in a semi-humid forested watershed in north China. Our findings indicate that bimodal hydrographs occur when the combined total of the event rainfall and antecedent soil moisture index exceeds 200 mm. Additionally, we determined that delayed stormflow is primarily contributed to by shallow groundwater.
Athanasios Tsiokanos, Martine Rutten, Ruud J. van der Ent, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3327–3345, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3327-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3327-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on past high-flow events to find flood drivers in the Geul. We also explore flood drivers’ trends across various timescales and develop a new method to detect the main direction of a trend. Our results show that extreme 24 h precipitation alone is typically insufficient to cause floods. The combination of extreme rainfall and wet initial conditions determines the chance of flooding. Precipitation that leads to floods increases in winter, whereas no consistent trends are found in summer.
Soohyun Yang, Kwanghun Choi, and Kyungrock Paik
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3119–3132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3119-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In extracting a river network from a digital elevation model, an arbitrary pruning area should be specified. As this value grows, the apparent drainage density is reduced following a power function. This reflects the fractal topographic nature. We prove this relationship related to the known power law in the exceedance probability distribution of drainage area. The power-law exponent is expressed with fractal dimensions. Our findings are supported by analysis of 14 real river networks.
James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-103, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-103, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Here I present a new way of quantifying how streamflow responds to rainfall across a range of timescales. This approach can estimate how different rainfall intensities affect streamflow, and how that may vary, depending on how wet the landscape already is when the rain falls. This may help us to understand processes that regulate streamflow, as well as the susceptibility of different landscapes to flooding.
Matthias Sprenger, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, David Marchetti, Carleton Bern, Harsh Beria, Wendy Brown, Alexander Newman, Curtis Beutler, and Kenneth H. Williams
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1711–1723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1711-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1711-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes of water (described as d-excess) in mountain snowpack can be used to infer proportions of high-elevation snowmelt in stream water. In a Colorado River headwater catchment, nearly half of the water during peak streamflow is derived from melted snow at elevations greater than 3200 m. High-elevation snowpack contributions were higher for years with lower snowpack and warmer spring temperatures. Thus, we suggest that d-excess could serve to assess high-elevation snowpack changes.
Bailey J. Anderson, Manuela I. Brunner, Louise J. Slater, and Simon J. Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1567–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Elasticityrefers to how much the amount of water in a river changes with precipitation. We usually calculate this using average streamflow values; however, the amount of water within rivers is also dependent on stored water sources. Here, we look at how elasticity varies across the streamflow distribution and show that not only do low and high streamflows respond differently to precipitation change, but also these differences vary with water storage availability.
Yulong Zhu, Yang Zhou, Xiaorong Xu, Changqing Meng, and Yuankun Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-25, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
A timely local flood forecast is an effective way to reduce casualties and economic losses. The current theoretical or numerical models play an important role in local flood forecasting, but they still cannot bridge the contradiction between high calculation accuracy, high calculation efficiency and simple operability. Therefore, this paper expects to propose a new flood forecasting model with higher computational efficiency and simpler operation.
Danny Croghan, Pertti Ala-Aho, Jeffrey Welker, Kaisa-Riikka Mustonen, Kieran Khamis, David M. Hannah, Jussi Vuorenmaa, Bjørn Kløve, and Hannu Marttila
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1055–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from land into streams is changing due to climate change. We used a multi-year dataset of DOC and predictors of DOC in a subarctic stream to find out how transport of DOC varied between seasons and between years. We found that the way DOC is transported varied strongly seasonally, but year-to-year differences were less apparent. We conclude that the mechanisms of transport show a higher degree of interannual consistency than previously thought.
Jia Qin, Yongjian Ding, Faxiang Shi, Junhao Cui, Yaping Chang, Tianding Han, and Qiudong Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 973–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between the seasonal hydrothermal change of active layer, suprapermafrost groundwater, and surface runoff, which has been regarded as a “black box” in hydrological analyses and simulations, is a bottleneck problem in permafrost hydrological studies. Based on field observations, this study identifies seasonal variations and causes of suprapermafrost groundwater. The linkages and framework of watershed hydrology responding to the freeze–thaw of the active layer also are explored.
Francesc Gallart, Sebastián González-Fuentes, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Normally, lighter oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are preferably evaporated from a water body, which becomes enriched in heavy isotopes. However, we observed that, in a water body subject to prolonged evaporation, some periods of heavy isotope depletion instead of enrichment happened. Furthermore, the usual models that describe the isotopy of evaporating waters may be in error if the atmospheric conditions of temperature and relative humidity are time-averaged instead of evaporation flux-weighted.
Guotao Zhang, Peng Cui, Carlo Gualtieri, Nazir Ahmed Bazai, Xueqin Zhang, and Zhengtao Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3005–3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study used identified stormflow thresholds as a diagnostic tool to characterize abrupt variations in catchment emergent patterns pre- and post-earthquake. Earthquake-induced landslides with spatial heterogeneity and temporally undulating recovery increase the hydrologic nonstationary; thus, large post-earthquake floods are more likely to occur. This study contributes to mitigation and adaptive strategies for unpredictable hydrologic regimes triggered by abrupt natural disturbances.
Hongkai Gao, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2607–2620, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is a deeply rooted perception that soil is key in hydrology. In this paper, we argue that it is the ecosystem, not the soil, that is in control of hydrology. Firstly, in nature, the dominant flow mechanism is preferential, which is not particularly related to soil properties. Secondly, the ecosystem, not the soil, determines the land–surface water balance and hydrological processes. Moving from a soil- to ecosystem-centred perspective allows more realistic and simpler hydrological models.
Daniel T. Myers, Darren L. Ficklin, and Scott M. Robeson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1755–1770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We projected climate change impacts to rain-on-snow (ROS) melt events in the Great Lakes Basin. Decreases in snowpack limit future ROS melt. Areas with mean winter/spring air temperatures near freezing are most sensitive to ROS changes. The projected proportion of total monthly snowmelt from ROS decreases. The timing for ROS melt is projected to be 2 weeks earlier by the mid-21st century and affects spring streamflow. This could affect freshwater resources management.
Sarah A. Bourke, Margaret Shanafield, Paul Hedley, Sarah Chapman, and Shawan Dogramaci
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 809–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a hydrological framework for understanding the mechanisms supporting the persistence of water in pools along non-perennial rivers. Pools may collect water after rainfall events, be supported by water stored within the river channel sediments, or receive inflows from regional groundwater. These hydraulic mechanisms can be identified using a range of diagnostic tools (critiqued herein). We then apply this framework in north-west Australia to demonstrate its value.
Louisa D. Oldham, Jim Freer, Gemma Coxon, Nicholas Howden, John P. Bloomfield, and Christopher Jackson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 761–781, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water can move between river catchments via the subsurface, termed intercatchment groundwater flow (IGF). We show how a perceptual model of IGF can be developed with relatively simple geological interpretation and data requirements. We find that IGF dynamics vary in space, correlated to the dominant underlying geology. We recommend that IGF
loss functionsmay be used in conceptual rainfall–runoff models but should be supported by perceptualisation of IGF processes and connectivities.
Carolin Winter, Tam V. Nguyen, Andreas Musolff, Stefanie R. Lutz, Michael Rode, Rohini Kumar, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 303–318, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing frequency of severe and prolonged droughts threatens our freshwater resources. While we understand drought impacts on water quantity, its effects on water quality remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the impact of the unprecedented 2018–2019 drought in Central Europe on nitrate export in a heterogeneous mesoscale catchment in Germany. We show that severe drought can reduce a catchment's capacity to retain nitrogen, intensifying the internal pollution and export of nitrate.
Keirnan Fowler, Murray Peel, Margarita Saft, Tim J. Peterson, Andrew Western, Lawrence Band, Cuan Petheram, Sandra Dharmadi, Kim Seong Tan, Lu Zhang, Patrick Lane, Anthony Kiem, Lucy Marshall, Anne Griebel, Belinda E. Medlyn, Dongryeol Ryu, Giancarlo Bonotto, Conrad Wasko, Anna Ukkola, Clare Stephens, Andrew Frost, Hansini Gardiya Weligamage, Patricia Saco, Hongxing Zheng, Francis Chiew, Edoardo Daly, Glen Walker, R. Willem Vervoort, Justin Hughes, Luca Trotter, Brad Neal, Ian Cartwright, and Rory Nathan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6073–6120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, we have seen multi-year droughts tending to cause shifts in the relationship between rainfall and streamflow. In shifted catchments that have not recovered, an average rainfall year produces less streamflow today than it did pre-drought. We take a multi-disciplinary approach to understand why these shifts occur, focusing on Australia's over-10-year Millennium Drought. We evaluate multiple hypotheses against evidence, with particular focus on the key role of groundwater processes.
Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5015–5033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5015-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5015-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is serious concern that river floods are increasing. Starting from explanations discussed in public, the article addresses three hypotheses: land-use change, hydraulic structures, and climate change increase floods. This review finds that all three changes have the potential to not only increase floods, but also to reduce them. It is crucial to consider all three factors of change in flood risk management and communicate them to the general public in a nuanced way.
Amar Halifa-Marín, Miguel A. Torres-Vázquez, Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Marc Lemus-Canovas, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4251–4263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Near-natural Iberian water resources have suddenly decreased since the 1980s. These declines have been promoted by the weakening (enhancement) of wintertime precipitation (the NAOi) in the most humid areas, whereas afforestation and drought intensification have played a crucial role in semi-arid areas. Future water management would benefit from greater knowledge of North Atlantic climate variability and reforestation/afforestation processes in semi-arid catchments.
José L. J. Ledesma, Anna Lupon, Eugènia Martí, and Susana Bernal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4209–4232, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied a small stream located in a Mediterranean forest. Our goal was to understand how stream flow and the presence of riparian forests, which grow in flat banks near the stream, influence the availability of food for aquatic microorganisms. High flows were associated with higher amounts of food because rainfall episodes transfer it from the surrounding sources, particularly riparian forests, to the stream. Understanding how ecosystems work is essential to better manage natural resources.
Nils Hinrich Kaplan, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2671–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is analyses how characteristics of precipitation events and soil moisture and temperature dynamics during these events can be used to model the associated streamflow responses in intermittent streams. The models are used to identify differences between the dominant controls of streamflow intermittency in three distinct geologies of the Attert catchment, Luxembourg. Overall, soil moisture was found to be the most important control of intermittent streamflow in all geologies.
Saritha Padiyedath Gopalan, Adisorn Champathong, Thada Sukhapunnaphan, Shinichiro Nakamura, and Naota Hanasaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2541–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2541-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The modelling of diversion canals using hydrological models is important because they play crucial roles in water management. Therefore, we developed a simplified canal diversion scheme and implemented it into the H08 global hydrological model. The developed diversion scheme was validated in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Region-specific validation results revealed that the H08 model with the diversion scheme could effectively simulate the observed flood diversion pattern in the basin.
Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2469–2480, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sound understanding of how floods come about allows for the development of more reliable flood management tools that assist in mitigating their negative impacts. This article reviews river flood generation processes and flow paths across space scales, starting from water movement in the soil pores and moving up to hillslopes, catchments, regions and entire continents. To assist model development, there is a need to learn from observed patterns of flood generation processes at all spatial scales.
Jeenu Mathai and Pradeep P. Mujumdar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2019–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With availability of large samples of data in catchments, it is necessary to develop indices that describe the streamflow processes. This paper describes new indices applicable for the rising and falling limbs of streamflow hydrographs. The indices provide insights into the drivers of the hydrographs. The novelty of the work is on differentiating hydrographs by their time irreversibility property and offering an alternative way to recognize primary drivers of streamflow hydrographs.
Nathan G. F. Reaver, David A. Kaplan, Harald Klammler, and James W. Jawitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1507–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Budyko curve emerges globally from the behavior of multiple catchments. Single-parameter Budyko equations extrapolate the curve concept to individual catchments, interpreting curves and parameters as representing climatic and biophysical impacts on water availability, respectively. We tested these two key components theoretically and empirically, finding that catchments are not required to follow Budyko curves and usually do not, implying the parametric framework lacks predictive ability.
Clemens Messerschmid and Amjad Aliewi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1043–1061, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1043-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1043-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Temporal distribution of groundwater recharge has been widely studied; yet, much less attention has been paid to its spatial distribution. Based on a previous study of field-measured and modelled formation-specific recharge in the Mediterranean, this paper differentiates annual recharge coefficients in a novel approach and basin classification framework for physical features such as lithology, soil and LU/LC characteristics, applicable also in other previously ungauged basins around the world.
Thea Wingfield, Neil Macdonald, Kimberley Peters, and Jack Spees
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6239–6259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities are causing greater and more frequent floods. Natural flood management (NFM) uses processes of the water cycle to slow the flow of rainwater, bringing together land and water management. Despite NFM's environmental and social benefits, it is yet to be widely adopted. Two environmental practitioner groups collaborated to produce a picture of the barriers to delivery, showing that there is a perceived lack of support from government and the public for NFM.
Katharina Blaurock, Burkhard Beudert, Benjamin S. Gilfedder, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Stefan Peiffer, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5133–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important part of the global carbon cycle with regards to carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and drinking water treatment. In this study, we compared DOC export of a small, forested catchment during precipitation events after dry and wet preconditions. We found that the DOC export from areas that are usually important for DOC export was inhibited after long drought periods.
Michael Stoelzle and Lina Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4549–4565, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found with a scientific paper survey (~ 1000 papers) that 45 % of the papers used rainbow color maps or red–green visualizations. Those rainbow visualizations, although attracting the media's attention, will not be accessible for up to 10 % of people due to color vision deficiency. The rainbow color map distorts and misleads scientific communication. The study gives guidance on how to avoid, improve and trust color and how the flaws of the rainbow color map should be communicated in science.
Tingting Ning, Zhi Li, Qi Feng, Zongxing Li, and Yanyan Qin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3455–3469, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies decomposed ET variance in precipitation, potential ET, and total water storage changes based on Budyko equations. However, the effects of snowmelt and vegetation changes have not been incorporated in snow-dependent basins. We thus extended this method in arid alpine basins of northwest China and found that ET variance is primarily controlled by rainfall, followed by coupled rainfall and vegetation. The out-of-phase seasonality between rainfall and snowmelt weaken ET variance.
Lovrenc Pavlin, Borbála Széles, Peter Strauss, Alfred Paul Blaschke, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2327–2352, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the dynamics of streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture to investigate how different parts of an agricultural catchment in Lower Austria are connected. Groundwater is best connected around the stream and worse uphill, where groundwater is deeper. Soil moisture connectivity increases with increasing catchment wetness but is not influenced by spatial position in the catchment. Groundwater is more connected to the stream on the seasonal scale compared to the event scale.
William Rust, Mark Cuthbert, John Bloomfield, Ron Corstanje, Nicholas Howden, and Ian Holman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2223–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we find evidence for the cyclical behaviour (on a 7-year basis) in UK streamflow records that match the main cycle of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Furthermore, we find that the strength of these 7-year cycles in streamflow is dependent on proportional contributions from groundwater and the response times of the underlying groundwater systems. This may allow for improvements to water management practices through better understanding of long-term streamflow behaviour.
Elnaz Azmi, Uwe Ehret, Steven V. Weijs, Benjamin L. Ruddell, and Rui A. P. Perdigão
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1103–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1103-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Computer models should be as simple as possible but not simpler. Simplicity refers to the length of the model and the effort it takes the model to generate its output. Here we present a practical technique for measuring the latter by the number of memory visits during model execution by
Strace, a troubleshooting and monitoring program. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any computer-based model, which facilitates model intercomparison.
Sheena A. Spencer, Axel E. Anderson, Uldis Silins, and Adrian L. Collins
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 237–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-237-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-237-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used unique chemical signatures of precipitation, hillslope soil water, and groundwater sources of streamflow to explore seasonal variation in runoff generation in a snow-dominated mountain watershed underlain by glacial till and permeable bedrock. Reacted hillslope water reached the stream first at the onset of snowmelt, followed by a dilution effect by snowmelt from May to June. Groundwater and riparian water were important sources later in the summer. Till created complex subsurface flow.
Tian Lan, Kairong Lin, Chong-Yu Xu, Zhiyong Liu, and Huayang Cai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5859–5874, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5859-2020, 2020
Dan Rosbjerg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4575–4585, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4575-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4575-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
August Colding contributed the first law of thermodynamics, evaporation from water and grass, steady free surfaces in conduits, the cross-sectional velocity distribution in conduits, a complete theory for the Gulf Stream, air speed in cyclones, the piezometric surface in confined aquifers, the unconfined elliptic water table in soil between drain pipes, and the wind-induced set-up in the sea during storms.
Zhengke Pan, Pan Liu, Chong-Yu Xu, Lei Cheng, Jing Tian, Shujie Cheng, and Kang Xie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4369–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4369-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4369-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to identify the response of catchment water storage capacity (CWSC) to meteorological drought by examining the changes of hydrological-model parameters after drought events. This study improves our understanding of possible changes in the CWSC induced by a prolonged meteorological drought, which will help improve our ability to simulate the hydrological system under climate change.
Zong-Jie Li, Zong-Xing Li, Ling-Ling Song, Juan Gui, Jian Xue, Bai Juan Zhang, and Wen De Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4169–4187, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study mainly explores the hydraulic relations, recharge–drainage relations and their transformation paths, and the processes of each water body. It determines the composition of runoff, quantifies the contribution of each runoff component to different types of tributaries, and analyzes the hydrological effects of the temporal and spatial variation in runoff components. More importantly, we discuss the hydrological significance of permafrost and hydrological processes.
Michal Jenicek and Ondrej Ledvinka
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3475–3491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in snow affect the runoff seasonality, including summer low flows. Here we analyse this effect in 59 mountain catchments in Czechia. We show that snow is more effective in generating runoff compared to rain. Snow-poor years generated lower groundwater recharge than snow-rich years, which resulted in higher deficit volumes in summer. The lower recharge and runoff in the case of a snowfall-to-rain transition due to air temperature increase might be critical for water supply in the future.
Julia L. A. Knapp, Jana von Freyberg, Bjørn Studer, Leonie Kiewiet, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Changes of stream water chemistry in response to discharge changes provide important insights into the storage and release of water from the catchment. Here we investigate the variability in concentration–discharge relationships among different solutes and hydrologic events and relate it to catchment conditions and dominant water sources.
Elizabeth R. Jachens, David E. Rupp, Clément Roques, and John S. Selker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1159–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1159-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1159-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recession analysis uses the receding streamflow following precipitation events to estimate watershed-average properties. Two methods for recession analysis use recession events individually or all events collectively. Using synthetic case studies, this paper shows that analyzing recessions collectively produces flawed interpretations. Moving forward, recession analysis using individual recessions should be used to describe the average and variability of watershed behavior.
Lu Lin, Man Gao, Jintao Liu, Jiarong Wang, Shuhong Wang, Xi Chen, and Hu Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1145–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, recession flow analysis – assuming nonlinearized outflow from aquifers into streams – was used to quantify active groundwater storage in a headwater catchment with high glacierization and large-scale frozen ground on the Tibetan Plateau. Hence, this work provides a perspective to clarify the impact of glacial retreat and frozen ground degradation due to climate change on hydrological processes.
Francesc Gallart, Jana von Freyberg, María Valiente, James W. Kirchner, Pilar Llorens, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1101–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
How catchments store and release rain or melting water is still not well known. Now, it is broadly accepted that most of the water in streams is older than several months, and a relevant part may be many years old. But the age of water depends on the stream regime, being usually younger during high flows. This paper tries to provide tools for better analysing how the age of waters varies with flow in a catchment and for comparing the behaviour of catchments diverging in climate, size and regime.
Sebastian J. Gnann, Nicholas J. K. Howden, and Ross A. Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 561–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In many places, seasonal variability in precipitation and evapotranspiration (climate) leads to seasonal variability in river flow (streamflow). In this work, we explore how climate seasonality is transformed into streamflow seasonality and what controls this transformation (e.g. climate aridity and geology). The results might be used in grouping catchments, predicting the seasonal streamflow regime in ungauged catchments, and building hydrological simulation models.
Adam S. Ward, Steven M. Wondzell, Noah M. Schmadel, Skuyler Herzog, Jay P. Zarnetske, Viktor Baranov, Phillip J. Blaen, Nicolai Brekenfeld, Rosalie Chu, Romain Derelle, Jennifer Drummond, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Vanessa Garayburu-Caruso, Emily Graham, David Hannah, Ciaran J. Harman, Jase Hixson, Julia L. A. Knapp, Stefan Krause, Marie J. Kurz, Jörg Lewandowski, Angang Li, Eugènia Martí, Melinda Miller, Alexander M. Milner, Kerry Neil, Luisa Orsini, Aaron I. Packman, Stephen Plont, Lupita Renteria, Kevin Roche, Todd Royer, Catalina Segura, James Stegen, Jason Toyoda, Jacqueline Hager, and Nathan I. Wisnoski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5199–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5199-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5199-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water and solutes between streams and their shallow, connected subsurface is important to many ecosystem functions. These exchanges are widely expected to vary with stream flow across space and time, but these assumptions are seldom tested across basin scales. We completed more than 60 experiments across a 5th-order river basin to document these changes, finding patterns in space but not time. We conclude space-for-time and time-for-space substitutions are not good assumptions.
Lucy J. Barker, Jamie Hannaford, Simon Parry, Katie A. Smith, Maliko Tanguy, and Christel Prudhomme
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4583–4602, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand historic droughts in order to plan and prepare for possible future events. In this study we use the standardised streamflow index for 1891–2015 to systematically identify, characterise and rank hydrological drought events for 108 near-natural UK catchments. Results show when and where the most severe events occurred and describe events of the early 20th century, providing catchment-scale detail important for both science and planning applications of the future.
Ralf Loritz, Axel Kleidon, Conrad Jackisch, Martijn Westhoff, Uwe Ehret, Hoshin Gupta, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3807–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3807-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3807-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we develop a topographic index explaining hydrological similarity within a energy-centered framework, with the observation that the majority of potential energy is dissipated when rainfall becomes runoff.
Sophie Ehrhardt, Rohini Kumar, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3503–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3503-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3503-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows quantitative and temporal offsets between nitrogen input and riverine output, using time series of three nested catchments in central Germany. The riverine concentrations show lagged reactions to the input, but at the same time exhibit strong inter-annual changes in the relationship between riverine discharge and concentration. The study found a strong retention of nitrogen that is dominantly assigned to a hydrological N legacy, which will affect future stream concentrations.
Davide Zoccatelli, Francesco Marra, Moshe Armon, Yair Rinat, James A. Smith, and Efrat Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2665–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comparison of flood properties over multiple Mediterranean and desert catchments. While in Mediterranean areas floods are related to rainfall amount, in deserts we observed a strong connection with the characteristics of the more intense part of storms. Because of the different mechanisms involved, despite having significantly shorter and more localized storms, deserts are able to produce floods with a magnitude comparable to Mediterranean areas.
Cited articles
Acuña, V., von Schiller, D., García-Galán, M. J.,
Rodríguez-Mozaz, S., Corominas, L., Petrovic, M., Poch, M., Barceló,
D., and Sabater, S.: Occurrence and in-stream attenuation of
wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in Iberian rivers, Sci. Total Environ., 503, 133–141, 2015. a
ADEP: Agenzia per la Depurazione, available at:
https://adep.provincia.tn.it/Agenzia-per-la-Depurazione-ADEP, last access: 22 January 2019. a
AIFA: Agenzia Italiana del FArmaco, available at: https://farmaci.agenziafarmaco.gov.it/bancadatifarmaci/home, last
access: 22 January 2019. a
Akaike, H.: A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE
T. Automat. Contr., 19, 716–723, 1974. a
Akaike, H.: Factor analysis and AIC, Psychometrika, 52, 317–332, 1987. a
Aldekoa, J., Medici, C., Osorio, V., Pérez, S., Marcé, R., Barceló,
D., and Francés, F.: Modelling the emerging pollutant diclofenac with the
GREAT-ER model: Application to the Llobregat River Basin, J. Hazard. Mater., 263, 207–213, 2013. a
Alder, A. C., Schaffner, C., Majewsky, M., Klasmeier, J., and Fenner, K.: Fate
of β-blocker human pharmaceuticals in surface water: Comparison of
measured and simulated concentrations in the Glatt Valley Watershed,
Switzerland, Water Res., 44, 936–948, 2010. a
Anderson, P. D., D'Aco, V. J., Shanahan, P., Chapra, S. C., Buzby, M. E.,
Cunningham, V. L., Duplessie, B. M., Hayes, E. P., Mastrocco, F. J., Parke,
N. J., Rader, J. C., Samuelian, J. H., and Schwab, B. W.: Screening analysis of human pharmaceutical compounds in US
surface waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 838–849, 2004. a, b
APPA-TN: Agenzia Provinciale per la Protezione Ambientale – Provincia
Autonoma di
Trento, available at: http://www.appa.provincia.tn.it, last access: 22 January 2019. a
Arizono, K.: The environmental pollution of pharmaceuticals and its
ecotoxicological impacts, J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environ., 29, 200–204, 2006. a
Arrhenius, S.: Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Inversion von
Rohrzucker durch Säuren, Z. Phys. Chem., 4,
226–248, 1889. a
ASTAT: Istituto Provinciale di Statistica – Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano,
available at: http://astat.provincia.bz.it/, last access: 22 January 2019. a
Bachmat, Y. and Bear, J.: The general equations of hydrodynamic dispersion in
homogeneous, isotropie, porous mediums, J. Geophys. Res., 69,
2561–2567, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i012p02561, 1964. a
Boeije, G., Vanrolleghem, P., and Matthies, M.: A geo-referenced aquatic
exposure prediction methodology for “down-thedrain” chemicals, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 251–258, 1997. a
Botter, G., Bertuzzo, E., Bellin, A., and Rinaldo, A.: On the Lagrangian
formulations of reactive solute transport in the hydrologic response, Water Resour.
Res., 41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003544, 2005. a
Botter, G., Bertuzzo, E., and Rinaldo, A.: Catchment residence and travel time
distributions: The master equation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047666,
2011. a, b
Boxall, A. B., Rudd, M. A., Brooks, B. W., Caldwell, D. J., Choi, K., Hickmann,
S., Innes, E., Ostapyk, K., Staveley, J. P., Verslycke, T., Ankley, G. T., Beazley, K. F.,
Belanger, S. E., Berninger, J. P., Carriquiriborde, P., Coors, A., DeLeo, P. C., Dyer, S. D.,
Ericson, J. F., Gagné, F., Giesy, J. P., Gouin, T., Hallstrom, L., Karlsson, M. V.,
Larsson, D. G. J., Lazorchak, J. M., Mastrocco, F., McLaughlin, A., McMaster, M. E.,
Meyerhoff, R. D., Moore, R., Parrott, J. L., Snape, J. R.,
Murray-Smith, R., Servos, M. R., Sibley, P. K., Straub, J. O., Szabo, N. D., Topp, E.,
Tetreault, G. R., Trudeau, V. L., and Van Der Kraak, G.:
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: what are the
big questions?, Environ. Health Persp., 120, 1221–1229, 2012. a
Brooks, B. W., Huggett, D. B., and Boxall, A.: Pharmaceuticals and personal
care products: research needs for the next decade, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 2469–2472, 2009. a
Carrera, J. and Neuman, S. P.: Estimation of Aquifer Parameters Under Transient
and Steady State Conditions: 1. Maximum Likelihood Method Incorporating Prior
Information, Water Resour. Res., 22, 199–210,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00199, 1986. a
Castagna, M. and Bellin, A.: A Bayesian approach for inversion of hydraulic
tomographic data, Water Resour. Res., 45, W04410, 2009. a
Chiogna, G., Majone, B., Paoli, K. C., Diamantini, E., Stella, E., Mallucci,
S., Lencioni, V., Zandonai, F., and Bellin, A.: A review of hydrological and
chemical stressors in the Adige catchment and its ecological status, Sci. Total Environ., 540, 429–443, 2016. a
Corcoran, J., Winter, M. J., and Tyler, C. R.: Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic
environment: a critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish,
Cr. Rev. Toxicol., 40, 287–304, 2010. a
Council of European Union: Council regulation (EU) no. 39/2013, available
at:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32013L0039
(last access: 22 January 2019) 2013. a
Daneshvar, A., Svanfelt, J., Kronberg, L., Prévost, M., and Weyhenmeyer,
G. A.: Seasonal variations in the occurrence and fate of basic and neutral
pharmaceuticals in a Swedish river–lake system, Chemosphere, 80, 301–309,
2010. a
Ebele, A. J., Abdallah, M. A.-E., and Harrad, S.: Pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment, Emerging
Contaminants, 3, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004, 2017. a, b, c
EEA: European Environmental Agency, EU-DEM, available at:
https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eu-dem (last access:
22 January 2019), 2017. a
Ellis, J. B.: Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban
receiving waters, Environ. Pollut., 144, 184–189, 2006. a
Feijtel, T., Boeije, G., Matthies, M., Young, A., Morris, G., Gandolfi, C.,
Hansen, B., Fox, K., Holt, M., Koch, V., Schroder, R., Cassani, G., Schowanek, D., Rosenblom, J., and Niessen, H.: Development of a
geography-referenced regional exposure assessment tool for European
rivers-GREAT-ER contribution to GREAT-ER# 1, Chemosphere, 34, 2351–2373,
1997. a
Ferrari, B., Mons, R., Vollat, B., Fraysse, B., Paxēaus, N., Giudice,
R. L., Pollio, A., and Garric, J.: Environmental risk assessment of six human
pharmaceuticals: are the current environmental risk assessment procedures
sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment?, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 1344–1354, 2004. a, b, c, d
González-Alonso, S., Merino, L. M., Esteban, S., de Alda, M. L.,
Barceló, D., Durán, J. J., López-Martínez, J., Acena, J.,
Pérez, S., Mastroianni, N., Silva, A., Catalág, M., and Valcárcela, Y.: Occurrence of pharmaceutical,
recreational and psychotropic drug residues in surface water on the northern
Antarctic Peninsula region, Environ. Pollut., 229, 241–254, 2017. a
Halling-Sørensen, B., Nielsen, S. N., Lanzky, P., Ingerslev, F.,
Lützhøft, H. H., and Jørgensen, S.: Occurrence, fate and effects of
pharmaceutical substances in the environment – A review, Chemosphere, 36,
357–393, 1998. a
Heberer, T.: Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the
aquatic environment: a review of recent research data, Toxicol. Lett.,
131, 5–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00041-3, 2002. a
Hemond, H. F. and Fechner, E. J.: Chemical fate and transport in the
environment, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-09677-1, 2014. a
Heron, R. and Pickering, F.: Health effects of exposure to active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), Occup. Med., 53, 357–362, 2003. a
Hydrological Observatory of the Province of Trento: Rapporto sulla Situazione
Idrologica in Provincia di Trento, Tech. rep., Incarico Speciale Sicurezza
del Sistema Idraulico – Ufficio Dighe – Provincia Autonoma di Trento, 2007 (in
Italian). a
ISPAT: Istituto di Statistica della Provincia Autonoma di Trento, available
at: http://www.statistica.provincia.tn.it/, last access:
22 January 2019. a
ISPRA: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale –
SINAnet, available at:
http://www.sinanet.isprambiente.it/it/sia-ispra/download-mais (last
access: 22 January 2019), 2015. a
Kehrein, N., Berlekamp, J., and Klasmeier, J.: Modeling the fate of
down-the-drain chemicals in whole watersheds: New version of the GREAT-ER
software, Environ. Modell. Softw., 64, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.018, 2015. a, b
Kim, J.-W., Jang, H.-S., Kim, J.-G., Ishibashi, H., Hirano, M., Nasu, K.,
Ichikawa, N., Takao, Y., Shinohara, R., and Arizono, K.: Occurrence of
pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water from
Mankyung River, South Korea, J. Health Sci., 55, 249–258, 2009. a
Klančar, A., Trontelj, J., and Roškar, R.: Development of a
Multi-Residue Method for Monitoring 44 Pharmaceuticals in Slovene Surface
Water by SPE-LC-MS/MS, Water Air Soil Poll., 229, p. 192, 2018. a
Koormann, F., Rominger, J., Schowanek, D., Wagner, J.-O., Schröder, R.,
Wind, T., Silvani, M., and Whelan, M.: Modeling the fate of down-the-drain
chemicals in rivers: an improved software for GREAT-ER, Environ. Modell. Softw., 21, 925–936, 2006. a
Kreft, A. and Zuber, A.: On the physical meaning of the dispersion equation and
its solutions for different initial and boundary conditions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 1471–1480, 1978. a
Kuster, M., de Alda, M. J. L., Hernando, M. D., Petrovic, M.,
Martín-Alonso, J., and Barceló, D.: Analysis and occurrence of
pharmaceuticals, estrogens, progestogens and polar pesticides in sewage
treatment plant effluents, river water and drinking water in the Llobregat
river basin (Barcelona, Spain), J. Hydrol., 358, 112–123, 2008. a
Leopold, L. B. and Maddock, T.: The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and
some physiographic implications, vol. 252, US Government Printing Office,
1953. a
López-Serna, R., Postigo, C., Blanco, J., Pérez, S., Ginebreda, A.,
de Alda, M. L., Petrović, M., Munné, A., and Barceló, D.:
Assessing the effects of tertiary treated wastewater reuse on the presence
emerging contaminants in a Mediterranean river (Llobregat, NE Spain),
Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 19, 1000–1012, 2012. a
Loraine, G. A. and Pettigrove, M. E.: Seasonal variations in concentrations of
pharmaceuticals and personal care products in drinking water and reclaimed
wastewater in southern California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40,
687–695, 2006. a
Lutz, S. R., Mallucci, S., Diamantini, E., Majone, B., Bellin, A., and Merz,
R.: Hydroclimatic and water quality trends across three Mediterranean river
basins, Sci. Total Environ., 571, 1392–1406, 2016. a
MacKay, D. J. C.: Chemical fate and transport in the environment, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2003. a
Majone, B., Villa, F., Deidda, R., and Bellin, A.: Impact of climate change and
water use policies on hydropower potential in the south-eastern Alpine
region, Sci. Total Environ., 543, 965–980, 2016. a
Mandaric, L., Diamantini, E., Stella, E., Cano-Paoli, K., Valle-Sistac, J.,
Molins-Delgado, D., Bellin, A., Chiogna, G., Majone, B., Diaz-Cruz, M. S.,
Sabater, S., Barcelo, D., and Petrovic, M.: Contamination sources and
distribution patterns of pharmaceuticals
and personal care products in Alpine rivers strongly affected by tourism,
Sci. Total Environ., 590, 484–494, 2017. a, b, c, d
MATLAB: version 9.3.0 (R2017b), The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts,
2017. a
McKay, M. D., Beckman, R. J., and Conover, W. J.: Comparison of three methods
for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a
computer code, Technometrics, 21, 239–245, 1979. a
McLaughlin, D. and Townley, L. R.: A Reassessment of the Groundwater Inverse
Problem, Water Resour. Res., 32, 1131–1161, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR00160, 1996. a, b
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10,
282–290, 1970. a
Osorio, V., Marcé, R., Pérez, S., Ginebreda, A., Cortina, J. L., and
Barceló, D.: Occurrence and modeling of pharmaceuticals on a
sewage-impacted Mediterranean river and their dynamics under different
hydrological conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 440, 3–13, 2012. a
PAT: P. A. T., Bilanci idrici – Relazione Tecnica – Il bacino dell'AVISIO,
Trento, available at: http://pguap.provincia.tn.it/ (last
access: 22 January 2019), 2012. a
Petrovic, M., Sabater, S., Elosegi, A., and Barceló, D.: Emerging
Contaminants in River Ecosystems, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry,
46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29376-9, 2016. a
Praveena, S. M., Shaifuddin, S. N. M., Sukiman, S., Nasir, F. A. M., Hanafi,
Z., Kamarudin, N., Ismail, T. H. T., and Aris, A. Z.: Pharmaceuticals
residues in selected tropical surface water bodies from Selangor (Malaysia):
Occurrence and potential risk assessments, Sci. Total Environ.,
642, 230–240, 2018. a, b
PubChem: PubChem Compound Database, available at:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound, last access:
22 January 2019. a
QGIS: open source Geographic Information
System, available at: http://www.qgis.org (last
access: 22 January 2019), 2018. a
Rice, J. and Westerhoff, P.: High levels of endocrine pollutants in US streams
during low flow due to insufficient wastewater dilution, Nat. Geosci.,
10, 587–591, 2017. a
Rinaldo, A., Marani, A., and Rigon, R.: Geomorphological dispersion,
Water Resour. Res., 27, 513–525, https://doi.org/10.1029/90WR02501, 1991. a
Rivera-Jaimes, J. A., Postigo, C., Melgoza-Alemán, R. M., Aceña, J.,
Barceló, D., and de Alda, M. L.: Study of pharmaceuticals in surface and
wastewater from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico: occurrence and environmental
risk assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 613, 1263–1274, 2018. a
Rivera-Utrilla, J., Sánchez-Polo, M., Ferro-García, M. Á.,
Prados-Joya, G., and Ocampo-Pérez, R.: Pharmaceuticals as emerging
contaminants and their removal from water – A review, Chemosphere, 93,
1268–1287, 2013. a
Robinson, P. F., Liu, Q.-T., Riddle, A. M., and Murray-Smith, R.: Modeling the
impact of direct phototransformation on predicted environmental
concentrations (PECs) of propranolol hydrochloride in UK and US rivers,
Chemosphere, 66, 757–766, 2007. a
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. and Rinaldo, A.: Fractal River Basins: Chance and
Self-Organization, Cambridge University Press, 1997. a
Rubin, Y.: Applied stochastic hydrology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003. a
Scheytt, T. J., Mersmann, P., and Heberer, T.: Mobility of pharmaceuticals
carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone in
miscible-displacement experiments, J. Contam. Hydrol., 83,
53–69, 2006. a
Schwab, B. W., Hayes, E. P., Fiori, J. M., Mastrocco, F. J., Roden, N. M.,
Cragin, D., Meyerhoff, R. D., Vincent, J., and Anderson, P. D.: Human
pharmaceuticals in US surface waters: a human health risk assessment,
Regul. Toxicol. Pharm., 42, 296–312, 2005. a
Scott, P. D., Bartkow, M., Blockwell, S. J., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J., Lim,
R., McDonald, J. A., Nice, H., Nugegoda, D., Pettigrove, V., Tremblay, L. A., Warne, M. St. J., and Leusch, F. D. L.: A
national survey of trace organic contaminants in Australian rivers, J. Environ. Qual., 43, 1702–1712, 2014. a, b
Sharma, B. M., Bečanová, J., Scheringer, M., Sharma, A., Bharat,
G. K., Whitehead, P. G., Klánová, J., and Nizzetto, L.: Health and
ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals,
personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) in surface and groundwater
(drinking water) in the Ganges River Basin, India, Sci. Total Environ., 646, 1459–1467, 2019. a, b
Tarantola, A.: Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter
Estimation, SIAM, Philadelphia, 2005. a
Ternes, T. A., Bonerz, M., Herrmann, N., Teiser, B., and Andersen, H. R.:
Irrigation of treated wastewater in Braunschweig, Germany: an option to
remove pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances, Chemosphere, 66, 894–904, 2007. a
Ufficio-Dighe: Provincia Autonoma di Trento – Dipartimento di Protezione Civile
– Servizio Prevenzione Rischi, available at:
http://www.floods.it/public/index.php, last access: 22 January 2019. a
Ufficio-Idrografico: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, available at:
http://www.provincia.bz.it/hydro/index_i.asp, last access:
22 January 2019. a
Vione, D., Encinas, A., Fabbri, D., and Calza, P.: A model assessment of the
potential of river water to induce the photochemical attenuation of
pharmaceuticals downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (Guadiana River,
Badajoz, Spain), Chemosphere, 198, 473–481, 2018. a
WHO: World Health Organization, available at: http://www.whocc.no/,
last access: 22 January 2019.
a
Zuccato, E., Castiglioni, S., and Fanelli, R.: Identification of the
pharmaceuticals for human use contaminating the Italian aquatic environment,
J. Hazard. Mater., 122, 205–209, 2005. a
Short summary
The description of pharmaceutical fate and transport introduced into a watershed is a challenging topic, especially because of the possible adverse effects on human health. In addition, an accurate estimation of solute sources and routes is still missing. This study uses a new promising modeling approach to predict pharmaceutical concentrations in rivers. Results show an interesting relationship between solute concentrations in waters and touristic fluxes.
The description of pharmaceutical fate and transport introduced into a watershed is a...
