Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1851-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1851-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 May 2016
Research article |
| 11 May 2016
High-frequency monitoring reveals nutrient sources and transport processes in an agriculture-dominated lowland water system
Bas van der Grift
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development – Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
Hans Peter Broers
TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Wilbert Berendrecht
Berendrecht Consultancy, Stakenbergerhout 107, 3845 JE Harderwijk, the Netherlands
Joachim Rozemeijer
Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
Leonard Osté
Deltares, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
Jasper Griffioen
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development – Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Vince P. Kaandorp, Hans Peter Broers, Ype van der Velde, Joachim Rozemeijer, and Perry G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3691–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed historical and present-day tritium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations in stream water of a catchment using
land-use-based input curves and calculated travel times of groundwater. Parameters such as the unsaturated zone thickness, mean travel time, and input patterns determine time lags between inputs and in-stream concentrations. The timescale of the breakthrough of pollutants in streams is dependent on the location of pollution in a catchment.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Rémon M. Saaltink, Maria Barciela-Rial, Thijs van Kessel, Stefan C. Dekker, Hugo J. de Boer, Claire Chassange, Jasper Griffioen, Martin J. Wassen, and Johan C. Winterwerp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-194, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focusses on exploring an alternative approach that uses natural processes, rather than a technological solution, to speed up drainage of soft sediment. In a controlled column experiment, we studied how Phragmites australis can act as an ecological engineer that enhances drainage. The presented results provide information needed for predictive modelling of plants as ecological engineers to speed up soil forming processes in the construction of wetlands with soft cohesive sediment.
Floris Loys Naus, Paul Schot, Koos Groen, Kazi Matin Ahmed, and Jasper Griffioen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1431–1451, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1431-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1431-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we postulate a possible evolution of the groundwater salinity around a village in southwestern Bangladesh, based on high-density fieldwork. We identified that the thickness of the surface clay layer, the surface elevation and the present-day land use determine whether fresh or saline groundwater has formed. The outcomes show how the large groundwater salinity variation in southwestern Bangladesh can be understood, which is valuable for the water management in the region.
Joachim Rozemeijer, Janneke Klein, Dimmie Hendriks, Wiebe Borren, Maarten Ouboter, and Winnie Rip
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-636, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-636, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In lowland deltas surface water levels are often tightly controlled by inlet of diverted river water during dry periods and discharge via large-scale pumping stations during wet periods. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of changing the water level management from a fixed level to a flexible regime for 10 study catchments in The Netherlands. Water quality risks appeared and our methods could prevent such effects in the growing number of regulated catchments worldwide.
Liang Yu, Joachim Rozemeijer, Boris M. van Breukelen, Maarten Ouboter, Corné van der Vlugt, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 487–508, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-487-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The study shows the importance of the connection between groundwater and surface water nutrient chemistry in a lowland delta area – the greater Amsterdam area. We expect that taking account of groundwater–surface water interaction is also important in other subsiding and urbanising deltas around the world, where water is managed intensively in order to enable agricultural productivity and achieve water-sustainable cities.
Rémon Saaltink, Stefan C. Dekker, Jasper Griffioen, and Martin J. Wassen
Biogeosciences, 13, 4945–4957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4945-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4945-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We identified biogeochemical plant–soil feedback processes that occur when oxidation, drying and modification by plants alter sediment conditions. Wetland construction in Markermeer (a lake in the Netherlands) is used as a case study. Natural processes will be utilized during and after construction to accelerate ecosystem development. We conducted a 6-month greenhouse experiment to identify the key biogeochemical processes in the mud when Phragmites australis is used as an eco-engineer.
Frans C. van Geer, Brian Kronvang, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3619–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper includes a review of the current state of high-frequency monitoring in groundwater and surface waters as an outcome of a special issue of HESS and four sessions at EGU on this topic. The focus of the paper is to look at how high-frequency monitoring can be used as a valuable support to assess the management efforts under various EU directives. We conclude that we in future will see a transition from research to implementation in operational monitoring use of high-frequency sensors.
J. C. Rozemeijer, A. Visser, W. Borren, M. Winegram, Y. van der Velde, J. Klein, and H. P. Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 347–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Controlled drainage has been recognized as an effective option to optimize soil moisture conditions for agriculture and to reduce unnecessary losses of fresh water and nutrients. For a grassland field in the Netherlands, we measured the changes in the field water and solute balance after introducing controlled drainage. We concluded that controlled drainage reduced the drain discharge and increased the groundwater storage in the field, but did not have clear positive effects for water quality.
B. van der Grift, J. C. Rozemeijer, J. Griffioen, and Y. van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4687–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Exfiltration of anoxic groundwater containing Fe(II) to surface water is an important mechanism controlling P speciation in the lowland catchments. Due to changes in pH and temperature, the Fe(II) oxidation rates were much lower in winter than in summer. This study also shows a fast transformation of dissolved P to structural P during the initial stage of the Fe oxidation process resulting in low dissolved P concentrations in the surface water throughout the year.
S. R. Lutz, H. J. van Meerveld, M. J. Waterloo, H. P. Broers, and B. M. van Breukelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4505–4524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, 2013
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Stream water sourcing from high-elevation snowpack inferred from stable isotopes of water: a novel application of d-excess values
Elasticity curves describe streamflow sensitivity to precipitation across the entire flow distribution
Bimodal Hydrographs in Semi-humid Forested Watershed: Characteristics and Occurrence Conditions
Seasonal and interannual dissolved organic carbon transport process dynamics in a subarctic headwater catchment revealed by high-resolution measurements
Technical Note: The Divide and Measure Nonconformity
Links between seasonal suprapermafrost groundwater, the hydrothermal change of the active layer, and river runoff in alpine permafrost watersheds
Technical note: Isotopic fractionation of evaporating waters: effect of sub-daily atmospheric variations and eventual depletion of heavy isotopes
Power-Law between the Apparent Drainage Density and the Pruning Area
Flood drivers and trends: a case study of the Geul River Catchment (the Netherlands) over the past half century
Increased nonstationarity of stormflow threshold behaviors in a forested watershed due to abrupt earthquake disturbance
HESS Opinions: Are soils overrated in hydrology?
Hydrologic implications of projected changes in rain-on-snow melt for Great Lakes Basin watersheds
A hydrological framework for persistent pools along non-perennial rivers
Evidence-based requirements for perceptualising intercatchment groundwater flow in hydrological models
Droughts can reduce the nitrogen retention capacity of catchments
Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective
Three hypotheses on changing river flood hazards
A multivariate-driven approach for disentangling the reduction in near-natural Iberian water resources post-1980
Hydrology and riparian forests drive carbon and nitrogen supply and DOC : NO3− stoichiometry along a headwater Mediterranean stream
Event controls on intermittent streamflow in a temperate climate
Inclusion of flood diversion canal operation in the H08 hydrological model with a case study from the Chao Phraya River basin: model development and validation
Flood generation: process patterns from the raindrop to the ocean
Use of streamflow indices to identify the catchment drivers of hydrographs
Theoretical and empirical evidence against the Budyko catchment trajectory conjecture
Spatial distribution of groundwater recharge, based on regionalised soil moisture models in Wadi Natuf karst aquifers, Palestine
Barriers to mainstream adoption of catchment-wide natural flood management: a transdisciplinary problem-framing study of delivery practice
Low hydrological connectivity after summer drought inhibits DOC export in a forested headwater catchment
Rainbow color map distorts and misleads research in hydrology – guidance for better visualizations and science communication
Attribution of growing season evapotranspiration variability considering snowmelt and vegetation changes in the arid alpine basins
Event and seasonal hydrologic connectivity patterns in an agricultural headwater catchment
Exploring the role of hydrological pathways in modulating multi-annual climate teleconnection periodicities from UK rainfall to streamflow
Technical note: “Bit by bit”: a practical and general approach for evaluating model computational complexity vs. model performance
Hillslope and groundwater contributions to streamflow in a Rocky Mountain watershed underlain by glacial till and fractured sedimentary bedrock
A framework for seasonal variations of hydrological model parameters: impact on model results and response to dynamic catchment characteristics
Hydrology and beyond: the scientific work of August Colding revisited
The influence of a prolonged meteorological drought on catchment water storage capacity: a hydrological-model perspective
Hydrological and runoff formation processes based on isotope tracing during ablation period in the source regions of Yangtze River
Importance of snowmelt contribution to seasonal runoff and summer low flows in Czechia
Concentration–discharge relationships vary among hydrological events, reflecting differences in event characteristics
Recession analysis revisited: impacts of climate on parameter estimation
Understanding the effects of climate warming on streamflow and active groundwater storage in an alpine catchment: the upper Lhasa River
Technical note: An improved discharge sensitivity metric for young water fractions
Hydrological signatures describing the translation of climate seasonality into streamflow seasonality
Spatial and temporal variation in river corridor exchange across a 5th-order mountain stream network
Historic hydrological droughts 1891–2015: systematic characterisation for a diverse set of catchments across the UK
A topographic index explaining hydrological similarity by accounting for the joint controls of runoff formation
Trajectories of nitrate input and output in three nested catchments along a land use gradient
Contrasting rainfall-runoff characteristics of floods in desert and Mediterranean basins
Anthropogenic and catchment characteristic signatures in the water quality of Swiss rivers: a quantitative assessment
Using paired catchments to quantify the human influence on hydrological droughts
Matthias Sprenger, Rosemary W. H. Carroll, David Marchetti, Carleton Bern, Harsh Beria, Wendy Brown, Alexander Newman, Curtis Beutler, and Kenneth H. Williams
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1711–1723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1711-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1711-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes of water (described as d-excess) in mountain snowpack can be used to infer proportions of high-elevation snowmelt in stream water. In a Colorado River headwater catchment, nearly half of the water during peak streamflow is derived from melted snow at elevations greater than 3200 m. High-elevation snowpack contributions were higher for years with lower snowpack and warmer spring temperatures. Thus, we suggest that d-excess could serve to assess high-elevation snowpack changes.
Bailey J. Anderson, Manuela I. Brunner, Louise J. Slater, and Simon J. Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1567–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1567-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1567-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Elasticityrefers to how much the amount of water in a river changes with precipitation. We usually calculate this using average streamflow values; however, the amount of water within rivers is also dependent on stored water sources. Here, we look at how elasticity varies across the streamflow distribution and show that not only do low and high streamflows respond differently to precipitation change, but also these differences vary with water storage availability.
Zhen Cui, Fuqiang Tian, Zilong Zhao, Zitong Xu, Yongjie Duan, Jie Wen, and Mohd Yawar Ali Khan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-36, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the response characteristics and occurrence conditions of bimodal hydrograph based on the hydrometric and isotope data spanning 10 years in a semi-humid forested watershed in North China. We found that the bimodal hydrograph occurs when the sum of event rainfall and antecedent soil moisture index prior to the rainfall exceeds 200 mm, and delayed stormflow is mainly contributed by shallow groundwater.
Danny Croghan, Pertti Ala-Aho, Jeffrey Welker, Kaisa-Riikka Mustonen, Kieran Khamis, David M. Hannah, Jussi Vuorenmaa, Bjørn Kløve, and Hannu Marttila
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1055–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from land into streams is changing due to climate change. We used a multi-year dataset of DOC and predictors of DOC in a subarctic stream to find out how transport of DOC varied between seasons and between years. We found that the way DOC is transported varied strongly seasonally, but year-to-year differences were less apparent. We conclude that the mechanisms of transport show a higher degree of interannual consistency than previously thought.
Daniel Klotz, Martin Gauch, Frederik Kratzert, Grey Nearing, and Jakob Zscheischler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-59, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-59, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
The evaluation of model performance is essential for hydrological modeling. Using performance criteria requires a deep understanding of their properties. We focus on a counterintuitive aspect of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and show that if we divide the data into multiple parts, the overall performance can be higher than all the evaluations of the subsets. Albeit this follows from the definition of the NSE, the resulting behavior can have unintended consequences in practice.
Jia Qin, Yongjian Ding, Faxiang Shi, Junhao Cui, Yaping Chang, Tianding Han, and Qiudong Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 973–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The linkage between the seasonal hydrothermal change of active layer, suprapermafrost groundwater, and surface runoff, which has been regarded as a “black box” in hydrological analyses and simulations, is a bottleneck problem in permafrost hydrological studies. Based on field observations, this study identifies seasonal variations and causes of suprapermafrost groundwater. The linkages and framework of watershed hydrology responding to the freeze–thaw of the active layer also are explored.
Francesc Gallart, Sebastián González-Fuentes, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Normally, lighter oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are preferably evaporated from a water body, which becomes enriched in heavy isotopes. However, we observed that, in a water body subject to prolonged evaporation, some periods of heavy isotope depletion instead of enrichment happened. Furthermore, the usual models that describe the isotopy of evaporating waters may be in error if the atmospheric conditions of temperature and relative humidity are time-averaged instead of evaporation flux-weighted.
Soohyun Yang, Kwanghun Choi, and Kyungrock Paik
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-271, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-271, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In extracting a river network from a digital elevation model, one should specify the pruning area. As this value grows, the 'apparent' drainage density reduces, following a power function. This power-law reflects the fractal topographic nature of a catchment, and indeed follows the exceedance probability distribution of drainage area, a power-law known in earlier studies. This is supported by analysis of real river networks.
Athanasios Tsiokanos, Martine Rutten, Ruud J. van der Ent, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-263, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on past high-flow events to identify flood drivers in the Geul catchment. We also explore flood drivers’ trends across various times and develop a new method to detect the main direction of a trend. Our results show that extreme 24-hour precipitation cannot solely lead to floods. The combination of long heavy rainfall and wet initial conditions determines the chances of flooding. Precipitation that leads to floods increases during winter, while no consistent trends are found in summer.
Guotao Zhang, Peng Cui, Carlo Gualtieri, Nazir Ahmed Bazai, Xueqin Zhang, and Zhengtao Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3005–3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study used identified stormflow thresholds as a diagnostic tool to characterize abrupt variations in catchment emergent patterns pre- and post-earthquake. Earthquake-induced landslides with spatial heterogeneity and temporally undulating recovery increase the hydrologic nonstationary; thus, large post-earthquake floods are more likely to occur. This study contributes to mitigation and adaptive strategies for unpredictable hydrologic regimes triggered by abrupt natural disturbances.
Hongkai Gao, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2607–2620, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is a deeply rooted perception that soil is key in hydrology. In this paper, we argue that it is the ecosystem, not the soil, that is in control of hydrology. Firstly, in nature, the dominant flow mechanism is preferential, which is not particularly related to soil properties. Secondly, the ecosystem, not the soil, determines the land–surface water balance and hydrological processes. Moving from a soil- to ecosystem-centred perspective allows more realistic and simpler hydrological models.
Daniel T. Myers, Darren L. Ficklin, and Scott M. Robeson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1755–1770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We projected climate change impacts to rain-on-snow (ROS) melt events in the Great Lakes Basin. Decreases in snowpack limit future ROS melt. Areas with mean winter/spring air temperatures near freezing are most sensitive to ROS changes. The projected proportion of total monthly snowmelt from ROS decreases. The timing for ROS melt is projected to be 2 weeks earlier by the mid-21st century and affects spring streamflow. This could affect freshwater resources management.
Sarah A. Bourke, Margaret Shanafield, Paul Hedley, Sarah Chapman, and Shawan Dogramaci
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 809–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a hydrological framework for understanding the mechanisms supporting the persistence of water in pools along non-perennial rivers. Pools may collect water after rainfall events, be supported by water stored within the river channel sediments, or receive inflows from regional groundwater. These hydraulic mechanisms can be identified using a range of diagnostic tools (critiqued herein). We then apply this framework in north-west Australia to demonstrate its value.
Louisa D. Oldham, Jim Freer, Gemma Coxon, Nicholas Howden, John P. Bloomfield, and Christopher Jackson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 761–781, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water can move between river catchments via the subsurface, termed intercatchment groundwater flow (IGF). We show how a perceptual model of IGF can be developed with relatively simple geological interpretation and data requirements. We find that IGF dynamics vary in space, correlated to the dominant underlying geology. We recommend that IGF
loss functionsmay be used in conceptual rainfall–runoff models but should be supported by perceptualisation of IGF processes and connectivities.
Carolin Winter, Tam V. Nguyen, Andreas Musolff, Stefanie R. Lutz, Michael Rode, Rohini Kumar, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 303–318, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-303-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing frequency of severe and prolonged droughts threatens our freshwater resources. While we understand drought impacts on water quantity, its effects on water quality remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the impact of the unprecedented 2018–2019 drought in Central Europe on nitrate export in a heterogeneous mesoscale catchment in Germany. We show that severe drought can reduce a catchment's capacity to retain nitrogen, intensifying the internal pollution and export of nitrate.
Keirnan Fowler, Murray Peel, Margarita Saft, Tim J. Peterson, Andrew Western, Lawrence Band, Cuan Petheram, Sandra Dharmadi, Kim Seong Tan, Lu Zhang, Patrick Lane, Anthony Kiem, Lucy Marshall, Anne Griebel, Belinda E. Medlyn, Dongryeol Ryu, Giancarlo Bonotto, Conrad Wasko, Anna Ukkola, Clare Stephens, Andrew Frost, Hansini Gardiya Weligamage, Patricia Saco, Hongxing Zheng, Francis Chiew, Edoardo Daly, Glen Walker, R. Willem Vervoort, Justin Hughes, Luca Trotter, Brad Neal, Ian Cartwright, and Rory Nathan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6073–6120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, we have seen multi-year droughts tending to cause shifts in the relationship between rainfall and streamflow. In shifted catchments that have not recovered, an average rainfall year produces less streamflow today than it did pre-drought. We take a multi-disciplinary approach to understand why these shifts occur, focusing on Australia's over-10-year Millennium Drought. We evaluate multiple hypotheses against evidence, with particular focus on the key role of groundwater processes.
Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5015–5033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5015-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5015-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is serious concern that river floods are increasing. Starting from explanations discussed in public, the article addresses three hypotheses: land-use change, hydraulic structures, and climate change increase floods. This review finds that all three changes have the potential to not only increase floods, but also to reduce them. It is crucial to consider all three factors of change in flood risk management and communicate them to the general public in a nuanced way.
Amar Halifa-Marín, Miguel A. Torres-Vázquez, Enrique Pravia-Sarabia, Marc Lemus-Canovas, Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4251–4263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Near-natural Iberian water resources have suddenly decreased since the 1980s. These declines have been promoted by the weakening (enhancement) of wintertime precipitation (the NAOi) in the most humid areas, whereas afforestation and drought intensification have played a crucial role in semi-arid areas. Future water management would benefit from greater knowledge of North Atlantic climate variability and reforestation/afforestation processes in semi-arid catchments.
José L. J. Ledesma, Anna Lupon, Eugènia Martí, and Susana Bernal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4209–4232, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied a small stream located in a Mediterranean forest. Our goal was to understand how stream flow and the presence of riparian forests, which grow in flat banks near the stream, influence the availability of food for aquatic microorganisms. High flows were associated with higher amounts of food because rainfall episodes transfer it from the surrounding sources, particularly riparian forests, to the stream. Understanding how ecosystems work is essential to better manage natural resources.
Nils Hinrich Kaplan, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2671–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is analyses how characteristics of precipitation events and soil moisture and temperature dynamics during these events can be used to model the associated streamflow responses in intermittent streams. The models are used to identify differences between the dominant controls of streamflow intermittency in three distinct geologies of the Attert catchment, Luxembourg. Overall, soil moisture was found to be the most important control of intermittent streamflow in all geologies.
Saritha Padiyedath Gopalan, Adisorn Champathong, Thada Sukhapunnaphan, Shinichiro Nakamura, and Naota Hanasaki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2541–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2541-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The modelling of diversion canals using hydrological models is important because they play crucial roles in water management. Therefore, we developed a simplified canal diversion scheme and implemented it into the H08 global hydrological model. The developed diversion scheme was validated in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Region-specific validation results revealed that the H08 model with the diversion scheme could effectively simulate the observed flood diversion pattern in the basin.
Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2469–2480, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sound understanding of how floods come about allows for the development of more reliable flood management tools that assist in mitigating their negative impacts. This article reviews river flood generation processes and flow paths across space scales, starting from water movement in the soil pores and moving up to hillslopes, catchments, regions and entire continents. To assist model development, there is a need to learn from observed patterns of flood generation processes at all spatial scales.
Jeenu Mathai and Pradeep P. Mujumdar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2019–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With availability of large samples of data in catchments, it is necessary to develop indices that describe the streamflow processes. This paper describes new indices applicable for the rising and falling limbs of streamflow hydrographs. The indices provide insights into the drivers of the hydrographs. The novelty of the work is on differentiating hydrographs by their time irreversibility property and offering an alternative way to recognize primary drivers of streamflow hydrographs.
Nathan G. F. Reaver, David A. Kaplan, Harald Klammler, and James W. Jawitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1507–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Budyko curve emerges globally from the behavior of multiple catchments. Single-parameter Budyko equations extrapolate the curve concept to individual catchments, interpreting curves and parameters as representing climatic and biophysical impacts on water availability, respectively. We tested these two key components theoretically and empirically, finding that catchments are not required to follow Budyko curves and usually do not, implying the parametric framework lacks predictive ability.
Clemens Messerschmid and Amjad Aliewi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1043–1061, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1043-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1043-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Temporal distribution of groundwater recharge has been widely studied; yet, much less attention has been paid to its spatial distribution. Based on a previous study of field-measured and modelled formation-specific recharge in the Mediterranean, this paper differentiates annual recharge coefficients in a novel approach and basin classification framework for physical features such as lithology, soil and LU/LC characteristics, applicable also in other previously ungauged basins around the world.
Thea Wingfield, Neil Macdonald, Kimberley Peters, and Jack Spees
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6239–6259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities are causing greater and more frequent floods. Natural flood management (NFM) uses processes of the water cycle to slow the flow of rainwater, bringing together land and water management. Despite NFM's environmental and social benefits, it is yet to be widely adopted. Two environmental practitioner groups collaborated to produce a picture of the barriers to delivery, showing that there is a perceived lack of support from government and the public for NFM.
Katharina Blaurock, Burkhard Beudert, Benjamin S. Gilfedder, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Stefan Peiffer, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5133–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important part of the global carbon cycle with regards to carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and drinking water treatment. In this study, we compared DOC export of a small, forested catchment during precipitation events after dry and wet preconditions. We found that the DOC export from areas that are usually important for DOC export was inhibited after long drought periods.
Michael Stoelzle and Lina Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4549–4565, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4549-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4549-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We found with a scientific paper survey (~ 1000 papers) that 45 % of the papers used rainbow color maps or red–green visualizations. Those rainbow visualizations, although attracting the media's attention, will not be accessible for up to 10 % of people due to color vision deficiency. The rainbow color map distorts and misleads scientific communication. The study gives guidance on how to avoid, improve and trust color and how the flaws of the rainbow color map should be communicated in science.
Tingting Ning, Zhi Li, Qi Feng, Zongxing Li, and Yanyan Qin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3455–3469, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies decomposed ET variance in precipitation, potential ET, and total water storage changes based on Budyko equations. However, the effects of snowmelt and vegetation changes have not been incorporated in snow-dependent basins. We thus extended this method in arid alpine basins of northwest China and found that ET variance is primarily controlled by rainfall, followed by coupled rainfall and vegetation. The out-of-phase seasonality between rainfall and snowmelt weaken ET variance.
Lovrenc Pavlin, Borbála Széles, Peter Strauss, Alfred Paul Blaschke, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2327–2352, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2327-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2327-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the dynamics of streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture to investigate how different parts of an agricultural catchment in Lower Austria are connected. Groundwater is best connected around the stream and worse uphill, where groundwater is deeper. Soil moisture connectivity increases with increasing catchment wetness but is not influenced by spatial position in the catchment. Groundwater is more connected to the stream on the seasonal scale compared to the event scale.
William Rust, Mark Cuthbert, John Bloomfield, Ron Corstanje, Nicholas Howden, and Ian Holman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2223–2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we find evidence for the cyclical behaviour (on a 7-year basis) in UK streamflow records that match the main cycle of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Furthermore, we find that the strength of these 7-year cycles in streamflow is dependent on proportional contributions from groundwater and the response times of the underlying groundwater systems. This may allow for improvements to water management practices through better understanding of long-term streamflow behaviour.
Elnaz Azmi, Uwe Ehret, Steven V. Weijs, Benjamin L. Ruddell, and Rui A. P. Perdigão
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1103–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1103-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Computer models should be as simple as possible but not simpler. Simplicity refers to the length of the model and the effort it takes the model to generate its output. Here we present a practical technique for measuring the latter by the number of memory visits during model execution by
Strace, a troubleshooting and monitoring program. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any computer-based model, which facilitates model intercomparison.
Sheena A. Spencer, Axel E. Anderson, Uldis Silins, and Adrian L. Collins
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 237–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-237-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-237-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used unique chemical signatures of precipitation, hillslope soil water, and groundwater sources of streamflow to explore seasonal variation in runoff generation in a snow-dominated mountain watershed underlain by glacial till and permeable bedrock. Reacted hillslope water reached the stream first at the onset of snowmelt, followed by a dilution effect by snowmelt from May to June. Groundwater and riparian water were important sources later in the summer. Till created complex subsurface flow.
Tian Lan, Kairong Lin, Chong-Yu Xu, Zhiyong Liu, and Huayang Cai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5859–5874, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5859-2020, 2020
Dan Rosbjerg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4575–4585, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4575-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4575-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
August Colding contributed the first law of thermodynamics, evaporation from water and grass, steady free surfaces in conduits, the cross-sectional velocity distribution in conduits, a complete theory for the Gulf Stream, air speed in cyclones, the piezometric surface in confined aquifers, the unconfined elliptic water table in soil between drain pipes, and the wind-induced set-up in the sea during storms.
Zhengke Pan, Pan Liu, Chong-Yu Xu, Lei Cheng, Jing Tian, Shujie Cheng, and Kang Xie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4369–4387, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4369-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4369-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to identify the response of catchment water storage capacity (CWSC) to meteorological drought by examining the changes of hydrological-model parameters after drought events. This study improves our understanding of possible changes in the CWSC induced by a prolonged meteorological drought, which will help improve our ability to simulate the hydrological system under climate change.
Zong-Jie Li, Zong-Xing Li, Ling-Ling Song, Juan Gui, Jian Xue, Bai Juan Zhang, and Wen De Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4169–4187, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study mainly explores the hydraulic relations, recharge–drainage relations and their transformation paths, and the processes of each water body. It determines the composition of runoff, quantifies the contribution of each runoff component to different types of tributaries, and analyzes the hydrological effects of the temporal and spatial variation in runoff components. More importantly, we discuss the hydrological significance of permafrost and hydrological processes.
Michal Jenicek and Ondrej Ledvinka
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3475–3491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in snow affect the runoff seasonality, including summer low flows. Here we analyse this effect in 59 mountain catchments in Czechia. We show that snow is more effective in generating runoff compared to rain. Snow-poor years generated lower groundwater recharge than snow-rich years, which resulted in higher deficit volumes in summer. The lower recharge and runoff in the case of a snowfall-to-rain transition due to air temperature increase might be critical for water supply in the future.
Julia L. A. Knapp, Jana von Freyberg, Bjørn Studer, Leonie Kiewiet, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Changes of stream water chemistry in response to discharge changes provide important insights into the storage and release of water from the catchment. Here we investigate the variability in concentration–discharge relationships among different solutes and hydrologic events and relate it to catchment conditions and dominant water sources.
Elizabeth R. Jachens, David E. Rupp, Clément Roques, and John S. Selker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1159–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1159-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1159-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recession analysis uses the receding streamflow following precipitation events to estimate watershed-average properties. Two methods for recession analysis use recession events individually or all events collectively. Using synthetic case studies, this paper shows that analyzing recessions collectively produces flawed interpretations. Moving forward, recession analysis using individual recessions should be used to describe the average and variability of watershed behavior.
Lu Lin, Man Gao, Jintao Liu, Jiarong Wang, Shuhong Wang, Xi Chen, and Hu Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1145–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, recession flow analysis – assuming nonlinearized outflow from aquifers into streams – was used to quantify active groundwater storage in a headwater catchment with high glacierization and large-scale frozen ground on the Tibetan Plateau. Hence, this work provides a perspective to clarify the impact of glacial retreat and frozen ground degradation due to climate change on hydrological processes.
Francesc Gallart, Jana von Freyberg, María Valiente, James W. Kirchner, Pilar Llorens, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1101–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
How catchments store and release rain or melting water is still not well known. Now, it is broadly accepted that most of the water in streams is older than several months, and a relevant part may be many years old. But the age of water depends on the stream regime, being usually younger during high flows. This paper tries to provide tools for better analysing how the age of waters varies with flow in a catchment and for comparing the behaviour of catchments diverging in climate, size and regime.
Sebastian J. Gnann, Nicholas J. K. Howden, and Ross A. Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 561–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In many places, seasonal variability in precipitation and evapotranspiration (climate) leads to seasonal variability in river flow (streamflow). In this work, we explore how climate seasonality is transformed into streamflow seasonality and what controls this transformation (e.g. climate aridity and geology). The results might be used in grouping catchments, predicting the seasonal streamflow regime in ungauged catchments, and building hydrological simulation models.
Adam S. Ward, Steven M. Wondzell, Noah M. Schmadel, Skuyler Herzog, Jay P. Zarnetske, Viktor Baranov, Phillip J. Blaen, Nicolai Brekenfeld, Rosalie Chu, Romain Derelle, Jennifer Drummond, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Vanessa Garayburu-Caruso, Emily Graham, David Hannah, Ciaran J. Harman, Jase Hixson, Julia L. A. Knapp, Stefan Krause, Marie J. Kurz, Jörg Lewandowski, Angang Li, Eugènia Martí, Melinda Miller, Alexander M. Milner, Kerry Neil, Luisa Orsini, Aaron I. Packman, Stephen Plont, Lupita Renteria, Kevin Roche, Todd Royer, Catalina Segura, James Stegen, Jason Toyoda, Jacqueline Hager, and Nathan I. Wisnoski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5199–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5199-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5199-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water and solutes between streams and their shallow, connected subsurface is important to many ecosystem functions. These exchanges are widely expected to vary with stream flow across space and time, but these assumptions are seldom tested across basin scales. We completed more than 60 experiments across a 5th-order river basin to document these changes, finding patterns in space but not time. We conclude space-for-time and time-for-space substitutions are not good assumptions.
Lucy J. Barker, Jamie Hannaford, Simon Parry, Katie A. Smith, Maliko Tanguy, and Christel Prudhomme
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4583–4602, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4583-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4583-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand historic droughts in order to plan and prepare for possible future events. In this study we use the standardised streamflow index for 1891–2015 to systematically identify, characterise and rank hydrological drought events for 108 near-natural UK catchments. Results show when and where the most severe events occurred and describe events of the early 20th century, providing catchment-scale detail important for both science and planning applications of the future.
Ralf Loritz, Axel Kleidon, Conrad Jackisch, Martijn Westhoff, Uwe Ehret, Hoshin Gupta, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3807–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3807-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3807-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we develop a topographic index explaining hydrological similarity within a energy-centered framework, with the observation that the majority of potential energy is dissipated when rainfall becomes runoff.
Sophie Ehrhardt, Rohini Kumar, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3503–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3503-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3503-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows quantitative and temporal offsets between nitrogen input and riverine output, using time series of three nested catchments in central Germany. The riverine concentrations show lagged reactions to the input, but at the same time exhibit strong inter-annual changes in the relationship between riverine discharge and concentration. The study found a strong retention of nitrogen that is dominantly assigned to a hydrological N legacy, which will affect future stream concentrations.
Davide Zoccatelli, Francesco Marra, Moshe Armon, Yair Rinat, James A. Smith, and Efrat Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2665–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comparison of flood properties over multiple Mediterranean and desert catchments. While in Mediterranean areas floods are related to rainfall amount, in deserts we observed a strong connection with the characteristics of the more intense part of storms. Because of the different mechanisms involved, despite having significantly shorter and more localized storms, deserts are able to produce floods with a magnitude comparable to Mediterranean areas.
Martina Botter, Paolo Burlando, and Simone Fatichi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1885–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1885-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1885-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study focuses on the solute export from rivers with the purpose of discerning the impacts of anthropic activities and catchment characteristics on water quality. The results revealed a more detectable impact of the anthropic activities than of the catchment characteristics. The solute export follows different dynamics depending on catchment characteristics and mainly on solute-specific properties. The export modality is consistent across different catchments only for a minority of solutes.
Anne F. Van Loon, Sally Rangecroft, Gemma Coxon, José Agustín Breña Naranjo, Floris Van Ogtrop, and Henny A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1725-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1725-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the use of the classic
paired-catchmentapproach to quantify human influence on hydrological droughts. In this approach two similar catchments are compared and differences are attributed to the human activity present in one. In two case studies in UK and Australia, we found that groundwater abstraction aggravated streamflow drought by > 200 % and water transfer alleviated droughts with 25–80 %. Understanding the human influence on droughts can support water management decisions.
Cited articles
Akkermans, S. and Hermans, B.: Position paper manure, Stichting Natuur & Milieu, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2014.
APHA-AWWA-WPCF: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, edited by: Clesceri, G., Trussell, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1268 pp., 1989.
Baken, S., Verbeeck, M., Verheyen, D., Diels, J., and Smolders, E.: Phosphorus losses from agricultural land to natural waters are reduced by immobilization in iron-rich sediments of drainage ditches, Water Res., 71, 160–170, 2015.
Berendrecht, W. L., Heemink, A. W., van Geer, F. C., and Gehrels, J. C.: Decoupling of modeling and measuring interval in groundwater time series analysis based on response characteristics, J. Hydrol., 278, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00075-1, 2003.
Bieroza, M. Z., Heathwaite, A. L., Mullinger, N. J., and Keenan, P. O.: Understanding nutrient biogeochemistry in agricultural catchments: The challenge of appropriate monitoring frequencies, Environ. Sci. Process. Imp., 16, 1676–1691, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4em00100a, 2014.
Boers, P. C. M. and van Hese, O.: Phosphorus release from the peaty sediments of the Loosdrecht Lakes (The Netherlands), Water Res., 22, 355–363, 1988.
Bouwman, A. F., Bierkens, M. F. P., Griffioen, J., Hefting, M. M., Middelburg, J. J., Middelkoop, H., and Slomp, C. P.: Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models, Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013a.
Bouwman, L., Goldewijk, K. K., Van Der Hoek, K. W., Beusen, A. H. W., Van Vuuren, D. P., Willems, J., Rufino, M. C., and Stehfest, E.: Exploring global changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in agriculture induced by livestock production over the 1900–2050 period, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 20882–20887, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012878108, 2013b.
Bowes, M. J., Jarvie, H. P., Halliday, S. J., Skeffington, R. A., Wade, A. J., Loewenthal, M., Gozzard, E., Newman, J. R., and Palmer-Felgate, E. J.: Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using high-frequency concentration–flow relationships, Sci. Total Environ., 511, 608–620, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.086, 2015.
Box, G. E. P. and Jenkins, G. M.: Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, Holden-Day, San Francisco, 575 pp., 1970.
Cassidy, R. and Jordan, P.: Limitations of instantaneous water quality sampling in surface-water catchments: Comparison with near-continuous phosphorus time-series data, J. Hydrol., 405, 182–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.020, 2011.
Cirmo, C. P. and McDonnell, J. J.: Linking the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen transport in near-stream zones of temperate-forested catchments: a review, J. Hydrol., 199, 88–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03286-6, 1997.
Cleveland, W. S.: Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 74, 829–836, 1979.
Correll, D. L., Jordan, T. E., and Weller, D. E.: Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from Rhode River watersheds during storm events, Water Resour. Res., 35, 2513–2521, 1999.
Djodjic, F., Ulén, B., and Bergström, L.: Temporal and spatial variations of phosphorus losses and drainage in a structured clay soil, Water Res., 34, 1687-1695, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00312-7, 2000.
Duan, S., Kaushal, S. S., Groffman, P. M., Band, L. E., and Belt, K. T.: Phosphorus export across an urban to rural gradient in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 117, G01025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001782, 2012.
EC: Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, European Commission, Brussels, 1991.
EC: Councul Directive of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, European Commission, Brussels, 2000.
EC: The Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive: Actions towards the 'good status' of EU water and to reduce flood risks European Commission, Brussels, 2015.
Evans, D. J., Johnes, P. J., and Lawrence, D. S.: Physico-chemical controls on phosphorus cycling in two lowland streams. Part 2 – The sediment phase, Sci. Total Environ., 329, 165–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.023, 2004.
Ferrick, M. G. and Gatto, L. W.: Quantifying the effect of a freeze-thaw cycle on soil erosion: Laboratory experiments, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 30, 1305–1326, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1209, 2005.
Fraters, B., Kovar, K., Willems, W., Stockmarr, J., and Grant, R.: Monitoring effectiveness of the EU Nitrates Directive Action Programmes. Results of the international MonNO3 workshop in the Netherlands, 11–12 June 2003, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands, 290 pp., 2005.
Gao, P.: Understanding watershed suspended sediment transport, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 32, 243–263, 2008.
Gemalen: available from: http://www.gemalen.nl/, last access: 12 May 2015.
Gentry, L. E., David, M. B., Royer, T. V., Mitchell, C. A., and Starks, K. M.: Phosphorus Transport Pathways to Streams in Tile-Drained Agricultural Watersheds, J. Environ. Qual., 36, 408–415, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0098, 2007.
Geurts, J. J. M., Hetjens, H., and Lamers, L. P. M.: Remobilization of nutrients after un-deepening of lakes, Radbouduniversiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 79 pp., 2013.
Griffioen, J., Vermooten, S., and Janssen, G.: Geochemical and palaeohydrological controls on the composition of shallow groundwater in the Netherlands, Appl. Geochem., 39, 129–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.10.005, 2013.
Groen, K. P.: Pesticide leaching in polders, Field and model studies on cracked clays and loamy sand, Van land tot zee, Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat, Lelystad, 295 pp., 1997.
Halliday, S. J., Wade, A. J., Skeffington, R. A., Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Rowland, P., Neal, M., and Norris, D.: An analysis of long-term trends, seasonality and short-term dynamics in water quality data from Plynlimon, Wales, Sci. Total Environ., 434, 186–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.052, 2012.
Haygarth, P. M., Wood, F. L., Heathwaite, A. L., and Butler, P. J.: Phosphorus dynamics observed through increasing scales in a nested headwater-to-river channel study, Sci. Total Environ., 344, 83–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.007, 2005.
Hewlett, J. D. and Hibbert, A. R.: Moisture and energy conditions within a sloping soil mass during drainage, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1081–1087, 1963.
Hirsch, R. M. and Slack, J. R.: A Nonparametric Trend Test for Seasonal Data With Serial Dependence, Water Resour. Res., 20, 727–732, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i006p00727, 1984.
Hirsch, R. M., Slack, J. R., and Smith, R. A.: Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data, Water Resour. Res., 18, 107–121, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i001p00107, 1982.
Hodgkinson, R. A., Chambers, B. J., Withers, P. J. A., and Cross, R.: Phosphorus losses to surface waters following organic manure applications to a drained clay soil, Agr. Water Manage., 57, 155–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00057-4, 2002.
Huebsch, M., Grimmeisen, F., Zemann, M., Fenton, O., Richards, K. G., Jordan, P., Sawarieh, A., Blum, P., and Goldscheider, N.: Technical Note: Field experiences using UV/VIS sensors for high-resolution monitoring of nitrate in groundwater, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1589–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1589-2015, 2015.
Jarvie, H. P., Mortimer, R. J. G., Palmer-Felgate, E. J., Quinton, K. S., Harman, S. A., and Carbo, P.: Measurement of soluble reactive phosphorus concentration profiles and fluxes in river-bed sediments using DET gel probes, J. Hydrol., 350, 261–273, 2008.
Johnes, P. J.: Uncertainties in annual riverine phosphorus load estimation: Impact of load estimation methodology, sampling frequency, baseflow index and catchment population density, J. Hydrol., 332, 241–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.006, 2007.
Jones, T. D., Chappell, N. A., and Tych, W.: First Dynamic Model of Dissolved Organic Carbon Derived Directly from High-Frequency Observations through Contiguous Storms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 13289–13297, https://doi.org/10.1021/es503506m, 2014.
Jordan, P., Arnscheidt, A., McGrogan, H., and McCormick, S.: Characterising phosphorus transfers in rural catchments using a continuous bank-side analyser, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 372–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-372-2007, 2007.
Kaufmann, V., Pinheiro, A., and Castro, N. M. D. R.: Simulating transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Cambisol after natural and simulated intense rainfall, J. Contam. Hydrol., 160, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.02.005, 2014.
Kaushal, S. S., Mayer, P. M., Vidon, P. G., Smith, R. M., Pennino, M. J., Newcomer, T. A., Duan, S., Welty, C., and Belt, K. T.: Land use and climate variability amplify carbon, nutrient, and contaminant pulses: A review with management implications, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 50, 585–614, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12204, 2014.
Kirchner, J. W., Feng, X., Neal, C., and Robson, A. J.: The fine structure of water-quality dynamics: the (high-frequency) wave of the future, Hydrol. Process., 18, 1353–1359, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5537, 2004.
Knotters, M. and van Walsum, P. E. V.: Estimating fluctuation quantities from time series of water-table depths using models with a stochastic component, J. Hydrol., 197, 25–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03278-7, 1997.
Lavoie, M. and Auclair, J.-C.: Phosphorus Mobilization at the Sediment–Water Interface in Softwater Shield Lakes: the Role of Organic Carbon and Metal Oxyhydroxides, Aquat. Geochem., 18, 327–341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-012-9166-3, 2012.
LNV: Fourth Dutch Action Programme (2010–2013) concerning the Nitrates Directive, 91/676/EEC, The Hague, 50 pp., 2009.
Loeb, R., Lamers, L. P. M., and Roelofs, J. G. M.: Prediction of phosphorus mobilisation in inundated floodplain soils, Environ. Pollut., 156, 325–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.02.006, 2008.
Meinardi, C. R. and Van den Eertwegh, G. A. P. H.: Investigations on tile drains in clayey regions of the Netherlands, Part II: Interpretation of data, RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands, 169 pp., 1997.
Mulholland, P. J., Newbold, J. D., Elwood, J. W., Ferren, L. A., and Jackson, R. W.: Phosphorus Spiralling in a Woodland Stream: Seasonal Variations, Ecology, 66, 1012–1023, 1985.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P.: A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 27, 31–36, 1962.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Rowland, P., Norris, D., Kirchner, J. W., Neal, M., Sleep, D., Lawlor, A., Woods, C., Thacker, S., Guyatt, H., Vincent, C., Hockenhull, K., Wickham, H., Harman, S., and Armstrong, L.: High-frequency water quality time series in precipitation and streamflow: From fragmentary signals to scientific challenge, Sci. Total Environ., 434, 3–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.072, 2012.
Nyenje, P. M., Meijer, L. M. G., Foppen, J. W., Kulabako, R., and Uhlenbrook, S.: Phosphorus transport and retention in a channel draining an urban, tropical catchment with informal settlements, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1009–1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1009-2014, 2014.
Palmer-Felgate, E. J., Jarvie, H. P., Williams, R. J., Mortimer, R. J. G., Loewenthal, M., and Neal, C.: Phosphorus dynamics and productivity in a sewage-impacted lowland chalk stream, J. Hydrol., 351, 87–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.036, 2008.
Poor, C. J. and McDonnell, J. J.: The effects of land use on stream nitrate dynamics, J. Hydrol., 332, 54–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.022, 2007.
Regelink, I. C., Koopmans, G. F., van der Salm, C., Weng, L., and van Riemsdijk, W. H.: Characterization of Colloidal Phosphorus Species in Drainage Waters from a Clay Soil Using Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation, J. Environ. Qual., 42, 464–473, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0322, 2013.
Rozemeijer, J. C. and Broers, H. P.: The groundwater contribution to surface water contamination in a region with intensive agricultural land use (Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands), Environ. Pollut., 148, 695–706, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.028, 2007.
Rozemeijer, J. C., Van der Velde, Y., Van Geer, F. C., De Rooij, G. H., Torfs, P. J. J. F., and Broers, H. P.: Improving load estimates for NO3 and P in surface waters by characterizing the concentration response to rainfall events, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6305–6312, 2010.
Rozemeijer, J. C., Klein, J., Broers, H. P., Van Tol-Leenders, T. P., and Van Der Grift, B.: Water quality status and trends in agriculture-dominated headwaters; a national monitoring network for assessing the effectiveness of national and European manure legislation in The Netherlands, Environ. Monit. Assess., 186, 8981–8995, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4059-0, 2014.
Schoch, A. L., Schilling, K. E., and Chan, K.-S.: Time-series modeling of reservoir effects on river nitrate concentrations, Adv. Water Resour., 32, 1197–1205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.04.002, 2009.
Shrestha, R. R., Osenbrück, K., and Rode, M.: Assessment of catchment response and calibration of a hydrological model using high-frequency discharge nitrate concentration data, Hydrol. Res., 44, 995–1012, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.087, 2013.
Simard, R. R., Beauchemin, S., and Haygarth, P. M.: Potential for preferential pathways of phosphorus transport, J. Environ. Qual., 29, 97–105, 2000.
Skeffington, R. A., Halliday, S. J., Wade, A. J., Bowes, M. J., and Loewenthal, M.: Using high-frequency water quality data to assess sampling strategies for the EU Water Framework Directive, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2491–2504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2491-2015, 2015.
Stutter, M. I., Langan, S. J., and Cooper, R. J.: Spatial contributions of diffuse inputs and within-channel processes to the form of stream water phosphorus over storm events, J. Hydrol., 350, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.045, 2008.
Tiemeyer, B., Lennartz, B., and Kahle, P.: Analysing nitrate losses from an artificially drained lowland catchment (North-Eastern Germany) with a mixing model, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 123, 125–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.05.006, 2008.
van Boekel, E. M. P. M., Roelsma, J., Massop, H. T. L., Hendriks, R. F. A., Goedhart, P. W., and Jansen, P. C.: Nitraatconcentraties in het drainwater in zeekleigebieden: oriënterend onderzoek naar de oorzaken van de verhoogde nitraatconcentraties, Alterra-rapport 2360, Alterra Wageningen UR, Wageningen, 100 pp., 2012.
Van den Eertwegh, G. A. P. H.: Water and Nutrient budgets at field and regional scale, travel times of drainage water and nutrient loads to surface water, PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 260 pp., 2002.
van der Grift, B., Rozemeijer, J. C., Griffioen, J., and van der Velde, Y.: Iron oxidation kinetics and phosphate immobilization along the flow-path from groundwater into surface water, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4687–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, 2014.
Van der Salm, C., van den Toorn, A., Chardon, W. J., and Koopmans, G. F.: Water and nutrient transport on a heavy clay soil in a fluvial plain in the Netherlands, J. Environ. Qual., 41, 229–241, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0292, 2012.
Van der Velde, Y., Torfs, P. J. J. F., van der Zee, S. E. A. T. M., and Uijlenhoet, R.: Quantifying catchment-scale mixing and its effect on time-varying travel time distributions, Water Resour. Res., 48, W06536, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011310, 2012.
Van de Ven, G. P.: Man-made lowlands, history of water management and land reclamation in the Netherlands, Uitgeverij Matrijs, Utrecht, 432 pp., 2004.
van Grinsven, H. J. M., ten Berge, H. F. M., Dalgaard, T., Fraters, B., Durand, P., Hart, A., Hofman, G., Jacobsen, B. H., Lalor, S. T. J., Lesschen, J. P., Osterburg, B., Richards, K. G., Techen, A. K., Vertès, F., Webb, J., and Willems, W. J.: Management, regulation and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilization in northwestern Europe under the Nitrates Directive; a benchmark study, Biogeosciences, 9, 5143–5160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5143-2012, 2012.
von Asmuth, J. R., Bierkens, M. F. P., and Maas, K.: Transfer function-noise modeling in continuous time using predefined impulse response functions, Water Resour. Res., 38, 23-1–23-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001136, 2002.
Wade, A. J., Palmer-Felgate, E. J., Halliday, S. J., Skeffington, R. A., Loewenthal, M., Jarvie, H. P., Bowes, M. J., Greenway, G. M., Haswell, S. J., Bell, I. M., Joly, E., Fallatah, A., Neal, C., Williams, R. J., Gozzard, E., and Newman, J. R.: Hydrochemical processes in lowland rivers: Insights from in situ, high-resolution monitoring, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4323–4342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4323-2012, 2012.
Withers, P. J. A. and Jarvie, H. P.: Delivery and cycling of phosphorus in rivers: A review, Sci. Total Environ., 400, 379–395, 2008.
Withers, P. J. A., Ulén, B., Stamm, C., and Bechmann, M.: Incidental phosphorus losses – are they significant and can they be predicted?, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 166, 459–468, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200321165, 2003.
Worrall, F., Swank, W. T., and Burt, T. P.: Changes in stream nitrate concentrations due to land management practices, ecological succession, and climate: Developing a systems approach to integrated catchment response, Water Resour. Res., 39, HWC11–HWC114, 2003.
Worsfold, P. J., Gimbert, L. J., Mankasingh, U., Omaka, O. N., Hanrahan, G., Gardolinski, P. C. F. C., Haygarth, P. M., Turner, B. L., Keith-Roach, M. J., and McKelvie, I. D.: Sampling, sample treatment and quality assurance issues for the determination of phosphorus species in natural waters and soils, Talanta, 66, 273–293, 2005.
Zak, D., Kleeberg, A., and Hupfer, M.: Sulphate-mediated phosphorus mobilization in riverine sediments at increasing sulphate concentration, River Spree, NE Germany, Biogeochemistry, 80, 109–119, 2006.
Short summary
High-frequency water quality measurements at a pumping station where excess water is pumped out of a polder catchment have indicated that nitrate from agricultural areas is drained away relatively quickly in wet periods, but that phosphate is actually retained much more in polder systems than in free drainage areas. Phosphate emissions occur, therefore, not predominantly in winter, but due to the delayed release from the bed sediments and by feeding from the groundwater, rather in summer.
High-frequency water quality measurements at a pumping station where excess water is pumped out...
