Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4229-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4229-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article
| 
21 Oct 2015
Review article |
| 21 Oct 2015
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies
National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
S. Zolfaghar
National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
R. Villalobos-Vega
National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
J. Cleverly
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Related authors
Rizwana Rumman, James Cleverly, Rachael H. Nolan, Tonantzin Tarin, and Derek Eamus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4875–4889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is a significant water resource for humans and for groundwater-dependent vegetation. Several challenges to managing both groundwater resources and dependent vegetation include defining the location of dependent vegetation, the rate of groundwater use, and the depth of roots accessing groundwater. In this study we demonstrate a novel application of measurements of stable isotopes of carbon that can be used to identify the location, the rooting depth, and the rate of groundwater use.
Eva van Gorsel, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Helen Cleugh, Derek Eamus, Lindsay B. Hutley, Peter Isaac, and Suzanne Prober
Biogeosciences, 15, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-349-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-349-2018, 2018
Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Xuanlong Ma, Fabien Hubert Wagner, Hyungjun Kim, Taikan Oki, Derek Eamus, and Alfredo Huete
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 439–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-439-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-439-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon River basin continuously transfers massive volumes of water from the land surface to the atmosphere, thereby having massive influence on global climate patterns. Nonetheless, the characteristics of ET across the Amazon basin, as well as the relative contribution of the multiple drivers to this process, are still uncertain. This study carries out a water balance approach to analyse seasonal patterns in ET and their relationships with water and energy drivers across the Amazon Basin.
Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, Ian McHugh, Stefan K. Arndt, David Campbell, Helen A. Cleugh, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Derek Eamus, Bradley Evans, Cacilia Ewenz, Peter Grace, Anne Griebel, Vanessa Haverd, Nina Hinko-Najera, Alfredo Huete, Peter Isaac, Kasturi Kanniah, Ray Leuning, Michael J. Liddell, Craig Macfarlane, Wayne Meyer, Caitlin Moore, Elise Pendall, Alison Phillips, Rebecca L. Phillips, Suzanne M. Prober, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Susanna Rutledge, Ivan Schroder, Richard Silberstein, Patricia Southall, Mei Sun Yee, Nigel J. Tapper, Eva van Gorsel, Camilla Vote, Jeff Walker, and Tim Wardlaw
Biogeosciences, 13, 5895–5916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
OzFlux is the regional Australian and New Zealand flux tower network that aims to provide a continental-scale national facility to monitor and assess trends, and improve predictions, of Australia’s terrestrial biosphere and climate. We describe the evolution, design, and status as well as an overview of data processing. We suggest that a synergistic approach is required to address all of the spatial, ecological, human, and cultural challenges of managing Australian ecosystems.
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Alfredo Huete, Kevin Davies, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Derek Eamus, Eva van Gorsel, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Wayne S. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 5587–5608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We re-evaluated the connection between satellite greenness products and C-flux tower data in four Australian ecosystems. We identify key mechanisms driving the carbon cycle, and provide an ecological basis for the interpretation of vegetation indices. We found relationships between productivity and greenness to be non-significant in meteorologically driven evergreen forests and sites where climate and vegetation phenology were asynchronous, and highly correlated in phenology-driven ecosystems.
Atbin Mahabbati, Jason Beringer, Matthias Leopold, Ian McHugh, James Cleverly, Peter Isaac, and Azizallah Izady
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 10, 123–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-123-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-123-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reviewed eight algorithms to estimate missing values of environmental drivers and three major fluxes in eddy covariance time series. Overall, machine-learning algorithms showed superiority over the rest. Among the top three models (feed-forward neural networks, eXtreme Gradient Boost, and random forest algorithms), the latter showed the most solid performance in different scenarios.
Rizwana Rumman, James Cleverly, Rachael H. Nolan, Tonantzin Tarin, and Derek Eamus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4875–4889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is a significant water resource for humans and for groundwater-dependent vegetation. Several challenges to managing both groundwater resources and dependent vegetation include defining the location of dependent vegetation, the rate of groundwater use, and the depth of roots accessing groundwater. In this study we demonstrate a novel application of measurements of stable isotopes of carbon that can be used to identify the location, the rooting depth, and the rate of groundwater use.
Eva van Gorsel, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Helen Cleugh, Derek Eamus, Lindsay B. Hutley, Peter Isaac, and Suzanne Prober
Biogeosciences, 15, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-349-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-349-2018, 2018
Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Xuanlong Ma, Fabien Hubert Wagner, Hyungjun Kim, Taikan Oki, Derek Eamus, and Alfredo Huete
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 439–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-439-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-439-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon River basin continuously transfers massive volumes of water from the land surface to the atmosphere, thereby having massive influence on global climate patterns. Nonetheless, the characteristics of ET across the Amazon basin, as well as the relative contribution of the multiple drivers to this process, are still uncertain. This study carries out a water balance approach to analyse seasonal patterns in ET and their relationships with water and energy drivers across the Amazon Basin.
Peter Isaac, James Cleverly, Ian McHugh, Eva van Gorsel, Cacilia Ewenz, and Jason Beringer
Biogeosciences, 14, 2903–2928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Networks of flux towers present diverse challenges to data collectors, managers and users. For data collectors, the goal is to minimise the time spent producing usable data sets. For data managers, the challenge is making data available in a timely and broad manner. For data users, the quest is for consistency in data processing across sites and networks. The OzFlux data path was developed to address these disparate needs and serves as an example of intra- and inter-network integration.
Eva van Gorsel, Sebastian Wolf, James Cleverly, Peter Isaac, Vanessa Haverd, Cäcilia Ewenz, Stefan Arndt, Jason Beringer, Víctor Resco de Dios, Bradley J. Evans, Anne Griebel, Lindsay B. Hutley, Trevor Keenan, Natascha Kljun, Craig Macfarlane, Wayne S. Meyer, Ian McHugh, Elise Pendall, Suzanne M. Prober, and Richard Silberstein
Biogeosciences, 13, 5947–5964, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5947-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5947-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Temperature extremes are expected to become more prevalent in the future and understanding ecosystem response is crucial. We synthesised measurements and model results to investigate the effect of a summer heat wave on carbon and water exchange across three biogeographic regions in southern Australia. Forests proved relatively resilient to short-term heat extremes but the response of woodlands indicates that the carbon sinks of large areas of Australia may not be sustainable in a future climate.
Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, Ian McHugh, Stefan K. Arndt, David Campbell, Helen A. Cleugh, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Derek Eamus, Bradley Evans, Cacilia Ewenz, Peter Grace, Anne Griebel, Vanessa Haverd, Nina Hinko-Najera, Alfredo Huete, Peter Isaac, Kasturi Kanniah, Ray Leuning, Michael J. Liddell, Craig Macfarlane, Wayne Meyer, Caitlin Moore, Elise Pendall, Alison Phillips, Rebecca L. Phillips, Suzanne M. Prober, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Susanna Rutledge, Ivan Schroder, Richard Silberstein, Patricia Southall, Mei Sun Yee, Nigel J. Tapper, Eva van Gorsel, Camilla Vote, Jeff Walker, and Tim Wardlaw
Biogeosciences, 13, 5895–5916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5895-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
OzFlux is the regional Australian and New Zealand flux tower network that aims to provide a continental-scale national facility to monitor and assess trends, and improve predictions, of Australia’s terrestrial biosphere and climate. We describe the evolution, design, and status as well as an overview of data processing. We suggest that a synergistic approach is required to address all of the spatial, ecological, human, and cultural challenges of managing Australian ecosystems.
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Alfredo Huete, Kevin Davies, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Derek Eamus, Eva van Gorsel, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Wayne S. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 5587–5608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We re-evaluated the connection between satellite greenness products and C-flux tower data in four Australian ecosystems. We identify key mechanisms driving the carbon cycle, and provide an ecological basis for the interpretation of vegetation indices. We found relationships between productivity and greenness to be non-significant in meteorologically driven evergreen forests and sites where climate and vegetation phenology were asynchronous, and highly correlated in phenology-driven ecosystems.
Caitlin E. Moore, Tim Brown, Trevor F. Keenan, Remko A. Duursma, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Jason Beringer, Darius Culvenor, Bradley Evans, Alfredo Huete, Lindsay B. Hutley, Stefan Maier, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Oliver Sonnentag, Alison Specht, Jeffrey R. Taylor, Eva van Gorsel, and Michael J. Liddell
Biogeosciences, 13, 5085–5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
V. Haverd, B. Smith, M. Raupach, P. Briggs, L. Nieradzik, J. Beringer, L. Hutley, C. M. Trudinger, and J. Cleverly
Biogeosciences, 13, 761–779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-761-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-761-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach for modelling coupled phenology and carbon allocation in savannas, and test it using data from the OzFlux network. Model behaviour emerges from complex feedbacks between the plant physiology and vegetation dynamics, in response to resource availability, and not from imposed hypotheses about the controls on tree-grass co-existence. Results indicate that resource limitation is a stronger determinant of tree cover than disturbance in Australian savannas.
M. Broich, A. Huete, M. G. Tulbure, X. Ma, Q. Xin, M. Paget, N. Restrepo-Coupe, K. Davies, R. Devadas, and A. Held
Biogeosciences, 11, 5181–5198, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5181-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Ecohydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Instruments and observation techniques
Hydrological and pedological effects of combining Italian alder and blackberries in an agroforestry windbreak system in South Africa
Rainfall redistribution in subtropical Chinese forests changes over 22 years
The influence of hillslope topography on beech water use: a comparative study in two different climates
Real-time biological early-warning system based on freshwater mussels’ valvometry data
Root water uptake patterns are controlled by tree species interactions and soil water variability
Unexpected water uptake under drought conditions and thinning treatments in young and overstocked lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests
The seasonal origins and ages of water provisioning streams and trees in a tropical montane cloud forest
Benefits of a robotic chamber system for determining evapotranspiration in an erosion-affected, heterogeneous cropland
Quantifying river water contributions to the transpiration of riparian trees along a losing river: lessons from stable isotopes and an iteration method
Dye-tracer-aided investigation of xylem water transport velocity distributions
Technical note: Lessons from and best practices for the deployment of the Soil Water Isotope Storage System
Throughfall spatial patterns translate into spatial patterns of soil moisture dynamics – empirical evidence
Routing stemflow water through the soil via preferential flow: a dual-labelling approach with artificial tracers
Improving soil aquifer treatment efficiency using air injection into the subsurface
Dynamic root growth in response to depth-varying soil moisture availability: a rhizobox study
Controls on leaf water hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: a local investigation across seasons and altitude
Resolving seasonal and diel dynamics of non-rainfall water inputs in a Mediterranean ecosystem using lysimeters
The effect of rainfall amount and timing on annual transpiration in a grazed savanna grassland
Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China
A comparative study of plant water extraction methods for isotopic analyses: Scholander-type pressure chamber vs. cryogenic vacuum distillation
Technical note: Conservative storage of water vapour – practical in situ sampling of stable isotopes in tree stems
Xylem water in riparian willow trees (Salix alba) reveals shallow sources of root water uptake by in situ monitoring of stable water isotopes
Technical note: High-accuracy weighing micro-lysimeter system for long-term measurements of non-rainfall water inputs to grasslands
Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
Ecohydrological travel times derived from in situ stable water isotope measurements in trees during a semi-controlled pot experiment
Insights into the isotopic mismatch between bulk soil water and Salix matsudana Koidz trunk water from root water stable isotope measurements
The role of dew and radiation fog inputs in the local water cycling of a temperate grassland during dry spells in central Europe
Co-evolution of xylem water and soil water stable isotopic composition in a northern mixed forest biome
Vapor plumes in a tropical wet forest: spotting the invisible evaporation
Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations
Throughfall isotopic composition in relation to drop size at the intra-event scale in a Mediterranean Scots pine stand
Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)
In situ measurements of soil and plant water isotopes: a review of approaches, practical considerations and a vision for the future
Coalescence of bacterial groups originating from urban runoffs and artificial infiltration systems among aquifer microbiomes
A combination of soil water extraction methods quantifies the isotopic mixing of waters held at separate tensions in soil
Using water stable isotopes to understand evaporation, moisture stress, and re-wetting in catchment forest and grassland soils of the summer drought of 2018
Partitioning growing season water balance within a forested boreal catchment using sap flux, eddy covariance, and a process-based model
Technical note: Long-term probe misalignment and proposed quality control using the heat pulse method for transpiration estimations
Contribution of understory evaporation in a tropical wet forest during the dry season
Coffee and shade trees show complementary use of soil water in a traditional agroforestry ecosystem
Responses of soil water storage and crop water use efficiency to changing climatic conditions: a lysimeter-based space-for-time approach
Neighbourhood and stand structure affect stemflow generation in a heterogeneous deciduous temperate forest
Technical Note: A global database of the stable isotopic ratios of meteoric and terrestrial waters
Temporally dependent effects of rainfall characteristics on inter- and intra-event branch-scale stemflow variability in two xerophytic shrubs
Dissolved organic carbon driven by rainfall events from a semi-arid catchment during concentrated rainfall season in the Loess Plateau, China
Dew frequency across the US from a network of in situ radiometers
Seasonal origins of soil water used by trees
Forest harvesting impacts on microclimate conditions and sediment transport activities in a humid periglacial environment
Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream
Speculations on the application of foliar 13C discrimination to reveal groundwater dependency of vegetation and provide estimates of root depth and rates of groundwater use
Svenja Hoffmeister, Rafael Bohn Reckziegel, Ben du Toit, Sibylle K. Hassler, Florian Kestel, Rebekka Maier, Jonathan P. Sheppard, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3963–3982, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3963-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3963-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied a tree–crop ecosystem consisting of a blackberry field and an alder windbreak. In the water-scarce region, irrigation provides sufficient water for plant growth. The windbreak lowers the irrigation amount by reducing wind speed and therefore water transport into the atmosphere. These ecosystems could provide sustainable use of water-scarce landscapes, and we studied the complex interactions by observing several aspects (e.g. soil, nutrients, carbon assimilation, water).
Wanjun Zhang, Thomas Scholten, Steffen Seitz, Qianmei Zhang, Guowei Chu, Linhua Wang, Xin Xiong, and Juxiu Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3837–3854, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall input generally controls soil water and plant growth. We focus on rainfall redistribution in succession sequence forests over 22 years. Some changes in rainwater volume and chemistry in the throughfall and stemflow and drivers were investigated. Results show that shifted open rainfall over time and forest factors induced remarkable variability in throughfall and stemflow, which potentially makes forecasting future changes in water resources in the forest ecosystems more difficult.
Ginevra Fabiani, Julian Klaus, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2683–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is a limited understanding of the role that topography and climate play in tree water use. Through a cross-site comparison in Luxembourg and Italy, we investigated beech water use along slopes in different climates. Our findings indicate that in landscapes characterized by stronger hydraulic and climatic gradients there is greater spatial variation in tree physiological responses. This highlights how differing growing conditions across landscapes can lead to contrasting tree performances.
Ashkan Pilbala, Nicoletta Riccardi, Nina Benistati, Vanessa Modesto, Donatella Termini, Dario Manca, Augusto Benigni, Cristiano Corradini, Tommaso Lazzarin, Tommaso Moramarco, Luigi Fraccarollo, and Sebastiano Piccolroaz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2297–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2297-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2297-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of floods on the aquatic ecosystem using freshwater mussels instrumented with sensors to monitor the opening of their valves. Signal analysis techniques were used to gain insight into their responses in terms of changes in the intensity and frequency of valve opening. The approach used in the study enables the development of real-time monitoring systems for ecological purposes and provides a pathway for practical biological early-warning systems.
Gökben Demir, Andrew J. Guswa, Janett Filipzik, Johanna Clara Metzger, Christine Römermann, and Anke Hildebrandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1441–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1441-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1441-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence is scarce to understand how the spatial variation in below-canopy precipitation affects root water uptake patterns. Here, we conducted field measurements to investigate drivers of root water uptake patterns while accounting for canopy induced heterogeneity in water input. We found that tree species interactions and soil moisture variability, rather than below-canopy precipitation patterns, control root water uptake patterns in a mixed unmanaged forest.
Emory Ellis, Robert Guy, and Xiaohua A. Wei
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-88, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-88, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the water-stable isotope composition by analyzing the impact of forest thinning on lodgepole pine depth-to-water uptake and water use strategies. The lodgepole pine's primary source is spring snowmelt and shifts to rely on deeper soil water to maintain water uptake. There was no effect of decreased stand density on depth-to-water uptake. It will become more critical that we know how much water forests are using and what strategies trees use to sustain their water supply.
Emily I. Burt, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Roxanne M. Cruz-de Hoyos, Adan Julian Ccahuana Quispe, and A. Joshua West
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4173–4186, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4173-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When it rains, water remains in the ground for variable amounts of time before it is taken up by plants or becomes streamflow. Understanding how long water stays in the ground before it is taken up by plants or becomes streamflow helps predict what will happen to the water cycle in future climates. Some studies suggest that plants take up water that has been in the ground for a long time; in contrast, we find that plants take up a significant amount of recent rain.
Adrian Dahlmann, Mathias Hoffmann, Gernot Verch, Marten Schmidt, Michael Sommer, Jürgen Augustin, and Maren Dubbert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3851–3873, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a pivotal role in terrestrial water cycling, returning up to 90 % of precipitation to the atmosphere. We studied impacts of soil type and management on an agroecosystem using an automated system with modern modeling approaches. We modeled ET at high spatial and temporal resolution to highlight differences in heterogeneous soils on an hourly basis. Our results show significant differences in yield and smaller differences in ET overall, impacting water use efficiency.
Yue Li, Ying Ma, Xianfang Song, Qian Zhang, and Lixin Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3405–3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed an iteration method in combination with the MixSIAR model and water isotopes to quantify the river water contribution (RWC) to riparian deep-rooted trees nearby a losing river. River water can indirectly contribute by 20.3 % to water uptake of riparian trees. River recharged riparian groundwater rapidly with a short groundwater residence time (no more than 0.28 d). The RWC to riparian trees was negatively correlated with the water table depth and leaf δ13C in linear functions.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3393–3404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a low-budget method to quantify the radial distribution of water transport velocities within trees at a high spatial resolution. We observed a wide spread of water transport velocities within a tree stem section, which were on average 3 times faster than the flux velocity. The distribution of transport velocities has implications for studies that use water isotopic signatures to study root water uptake and usually assume uniform or even implicitly infinite velocities.
Rachel E. Havranek, Kathryn Snell, Sebastian Kopf, Brett Davidheiser-Kroll, Valerie Morris, and Bruce Vaughn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2951–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2951-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2951-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an automated, field-ready system that collects soil water vapor for stable isotope analysis. This system can be used to determine soil water evolution through time, which is helpful for understanding crop water use, water vapor fluxes to the atmosphere, and geologic proxy development. Our system can automatically collect soil water vapor and then store it for up to 30 d, which allows researchers to collect datasets from historically understudied, remote locations.
Christine Fischer-Bedtke, Johanna Clara Metzger, Gökben Demir, Thomas Wutzler, and Anke Hildebrandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2899–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Canopies change how rain reaches the soil: some spots receive more and others less water. It has long been debated whether this also leads to locally wetter and drier soil. We checked this using measurements of canopy drip and soil moisture. We found that the increase in soil water content after rain was aligned with canopy drip. Independently, the soil storage reaction was dampened in locations prone to drainage, like hig-macroporosity areas, suggesting that canopy drip enhances bypass flow.
Juan Pinos, Markus Flury, Jérôme Latron, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2865–2881, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how stemflow (intercepted rainwater by the tree crown that travels down the stem) infiltrates within the soil. We simulated stemflow, applying coloured water along a tree trunk. Coloured patterns, observed when we excavated the soil after the experiment, were used to view and quantify preferential flow in the soil. We found that stemflow was mainly funnelled belowground along tree roots and macropores. Soil moisture near the trunk was affected both vertically and horizontally.
Ido Arad, Aviya Ziner, Shany Ben Moshe, Noam Weisbrod, and Alex Furman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2509–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In a series of long-column experiments, subsurface air injection in soil aquifer treatment (Air-SAT) was tested as an alternative to conventional flooding–drying operation (FDO) in tertiary wastewater (WW) treatment. Our results show that Air-SAT allows for the treatment of increased WW volumes and results in similar or better effluent quality compared with FDO. These results highlight the possibility of using air injection to treat more effluent and alleviate the pressure on existing SAT sites.
Cynthia Maan, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, and Bas J. H. van de Wiel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2341–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2341-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2341-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Their flexible growth provides the plants with a strong ability to adapt and develop resilience to droughts and climate change. But this adaptability is badly included in crop and climate models. To model plant development in changing environments, we need to include the survival strategies of plants. Based on experimental data, we set up a simple model for soil-moisture-driven root growth. The model performance suggests that soil moisture is a key parameter determining root growth.
Jinzhao Liu, Chong Jiang, Huawu Wu, Li Guo, Haiwei Zhang, and Ying Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 599–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-599-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-599-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
What controls leaf water isotopes? We answered the question from two perspectives: respective and dual isotopes. On the one hand, the δ18O and δ2H values of leaf water responded to isotopes of potential source water (i.e., twig water, soil water, and precipitation) and meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, RH, and precipitation) differently. On the other hand, dual δ18O and δ2H values of leaf water yielded a significant linear relationship associated with altitude and seasonality.
Sinikka Jasmin Paulus, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, René Orth, Anke Hildebrandt, Thomas Wutzler, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Oscar Perez-Priego, Olaf Kolle, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6263–6287, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyze small inputs of water to ecosystems such as fog, dew, and adsorption of vapor. To measure them, we use a scaling system and later test our attribution of different water fluxes to weight changes. We found that they occur frequently during 1 year in a dry summer ecosystem. In each season, a different flux seems dominant, but they all mainly occur during the night. Therefore, they could be important for the biosphere because rain is unevenly distributed over the year.
Matti Räsänen, Mika Aurela, Ville Vakkari, Johan P. Beukes, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pieter G. Van Zyl, Miroslav Josipovic, Stefan J. Siebert, Tuomas Laurila, Markku Kulmala, Lauri Laakso, Janne Rinne, Ram Oren, and Gabriel Katul
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5773–5791, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5773-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5773-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The productivity of semiarid grazed grasslands is linked to the variation in rainfall and transpiration. By combining carbon dioxide and water flux measurements, we show that the annual transpiration is nearly constant during wet years while grasses react quickly to dry spells and drought, which reduce transpiration. The planning of annual grazing strategies could consider the early-season rainfall frequency that was linked to the portion of annual transpiration.
Jinxia An, Guangyao Gao, Chuan Yuan, Juan Pinos, and Bojie Fu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3885–3900, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3885-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3885-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An in-depth investigation was conducted of all rainfall-partitioning components at inter- and intra-event scales for two xerophytic shrubs. Inter-event rainfall partitioning amount and percentage depended more on rainfall amount, and rainfall intensity and duration controlled intra-event rainfall-partitioning variables. One shrub has larger branch angle, small branch and smaller canopy area to produce stemflow more efficiently, and the other has larger biomass to intercept more rainfall.
Giulia Zuecco, Anam Amin, Jay Frentress, Michael Engel, Chiara Marchina, Tommaso Anfodillo, Marco Borga, Vinicio Carraro, Francesca Scandellari, Massimo Tagliavini, Damiano Zanotelli, Francesco Comiti, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3673–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the variability in the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by two different methods, i.e., cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) and Scholander-type pressure chamber (SPC). Our results indicated that the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by CVD and SPC was significantly different. We concluded that plant water extraction by SPC is not an alternative for CVD as SPC mostly extracts the mobile plant water whereas CVD retrieves all water stored in the sampled tissue.
Ruth-Kristina Magh, Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, Angelika Kübert, Hyungwoo Lim, Tomas Lundmark, and John Marshall
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3573–3587, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method of sampling and storing water vapour for isotope analysis, allowing us to infer plant water uptake depth. Measurements can be made at high temporal and spatial resolution even in remote areas. We ensured that all necessary components are easily available, making this method cost efficient and simple to implement. We found our method to perform well in the lab and in the field, enabling it to become a tool for everyone aiming to resolve questions regarding the water cycle.
Jessica Landgraf, Dörthe Tetzlaff, Maren Dubbert, David Dubbert, Aaron Smith, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2073–2092, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using water stable isotopes, we studied from which water source (lake water, stream water, groundwater, or soil water) two willows were taking their water. We monitored the environmental conditions (e.g. air temperature and soil moisture) and the behaviour of the trees (water flow in the stem). We found that the most likely water sources of the willows were the upper soil layers but that there were seasonal dynamics.
Andreas Riedl, Yafei Li, Jon Eugster, Nina Buchmann, and Werner Eugster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 91–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-91-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-91-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study was to develop a high-accuracy micro-lysimeter system for the quantification of non-rainfall water inputs that overcomes existing drawbacks. The micro-lysimeter system had a high accuracy and allowed us to quantify and distinguish between different types of non-rainfall water inputs, like dew and fog. Non-rainfall water inputs occurred frequently in a Swiss Alpine grassland ecosystem. These water inputs can be an important water source for grasslands during dry periods.
Veronika Forstner, Jannis Groh, Matevz Vremec, Markus Herndl, Harry Vereecken, Horst H. Gerke, Steffen Birk, and Thomas Pütz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6087–6106, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lysimeter-based manipulative and observational experiments were used to identify responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass (AGB) to climatic change in permanent grassland. Under energy-limited conditions, elevated temperature actual evapotranspiration (ETa) increased, while seepage, dew, and AGB decreased. Elevated CO2 mitigated the effect on ETa. Under water limitation, elevated temperature resulted in reduced ETa, and AGB was negatively correlated with an increasing aridity.
David Mennekes, Michael Rinderer, Stefan Seeger, and Natalie Orlowski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4513–4530, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In situ stable water isotope measurements are a recently developed method to measure water movement from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere in high resolution and precision. Here, we present important advantages of the new method in comparison to commonly used measurement methods in an experimental setup. Overall, this method can help to answer research questions such as plant responses to climate change with potentially shifting water availability or temperatures.
Ying Zhao and Li Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3975–3989, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3975-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3975-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
At our study site during the experimental period, trunk water was only isotopically similar to root water at 100–160 cm depths. The isotopic composition of root water deviated from that of bulk soil water but overlapped with the composition derived for less mobile water. These findings suggest that the isotopic offset between bulk soil water and trunk water was due to the isotopic mismatch between root water and bulk soil water associated with soil water heterogeneity.
Yafei Li, Franziska Aemisegger, Andreas Riedl, Nina Buchmann, and Werner Eugster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2617–2648, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During dry spells, dew and fog potentially play an increasingly important role in temperate grasslands. Research on the combined mechanisms of dew and fog inputs to ecosystems and distillation of water vapor from soil to plant surfaces is rare. Our results using stable water isotopes highlight the importance of dew and fog inputs to temperate grasslands during dry spells and reveal the complexity of the local water cycling in such conditions, including different pathways of dew and fog inputs.
Jenna R. Snelgrove, James M. Buttle, Matthew J. Kohn, and Dörthe Tetzlaff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2169–2186, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2169-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2169-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Co-evolution of plant and soil water isotopic composition throughout the growing season in a little-studied northern mixed forest landscape was explored. Marked inter-specific differences in the isotopic composition of xylem water relative to surrounding soil water occurred, despite thin soil cover constraining inter-species differences in rooting depths. We provide potential explanations for differences in temporal evolution of xylem water isotopic composition in this northern landscape.
César Dionisio Jiménez-Rodríguez, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Bart Schilperoort, Adriana del Pilar González-Angarita, and Hubert Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 619–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During rainfall events, evaporation from tropical forests is usually ignored. However, the water retained in the canopy during rainfall increases the evaporation despite the high-humidity conditions. In a tropical wet forest in Costa Rica, it was possible to depict vapor plumes rising from the forest canopy during rainfall. These plumes are evidence of forest evaporation. Also, we identified the conditions that allowed this phenomenon to happen using time-lapse videos and meteorological data.
Miao Zhang and Xing Yuan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5579–5593, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5579-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5579-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We identify flash drought events by considering the decline rate of soil moisture and the drought persistency, and we detect the response of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes to flash droughts based on FLUXNET observations. We find rapid declines in carbon assimilation within 16–24 d of flash drought onset, where savannas show the highest sensitivity. Water use efficiency increases for forests but decreases for herbaceous ecosystems during the recovery stage of flash droughts.
Juan Pinos, Jérôme Latron, Kazuki Nanko, Delphis F. Levia, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4675–4690, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water that drips or splashes from a canopy or passes through it is termed throughfall. This is the first known study to examine interrelationships between throughfall isotopic fractionation and throughfall drop size. Working in a mountainous Scots pine forest, we found that throughfall splash droplets were more prevalent at the onset of rain when vapour pressure deficits were larger. This finding has important implications for water mixing in the canopy and for theories of canopy interception.
D. Alex R. Gordon, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Brent A. Sellers, S. M. Moein Sadeghi, and John T. Van Stan II
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4587–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4587-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4587-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Where plants exist, rain must pass through canopies to reach soils. We studied how rain interacts with dogfennel – a highly problematic weed that is abundant in pastures, grasslands, rangelands, urban forests and along highways. Dogfennels evaporated large portions (approx. one-fifth) of rain and drained significant (at times > 25 %) rain (and dew) down their stems to their roots (via stemflow). This may explain how dogfennel survives and even invades managed landscapes during extended droughts.
Matthias Beyer, Kathrin Kühnhammer, and Maren Dubbert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4413–4440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes are a scientific tool that can be used to identify sources of water and answer questions such as
From which soil depths do plants take up water?, which are highly relevant under changing climatic conditions. In the past, the measurement of water isotopes required tremendous effort. In the last decade methods have advanced and can now be applied in the field. Herein, we review the current status of direct field measurements of water isotopes and discuss future applications.
Yannick Colin, Rayan Bouchali, Laurence Marjolet, Romain Marti, Florian Vautrin, Jérémy Voisin, Emilie Bourgeois, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava, Didier Blaha, Thierry Winiarski, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, and Benoit Cournoyer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4257–4273, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4257-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4257-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stormwater infiltration systems (SISs) are a source of pollution that may have adverse ecological and sanitary impacts. The incidence of a SIS on the coalescence of microbial communities from runoff waters and aboveground sediments with those of an aquifer was investigated. Aquifer waters showed lower coalescence with aboveground bacterial taxa than aquifer biofilms. These biofilms were colonized by bacterial hydrocarbon degraders and harboured undesirable human-opportunistic pathogens.
William H. Bowers, Jason J. Mercer, Mark S. Pleasants, and David G. Williams
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4045–4060, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4045-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4045-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Determining the chemical composition of soil water can help to address questions concerning water transport and use. However, there are many observations of incompletely mixed soil water within various soil pore domains. We applied two contrasting waters to soil samples and then removed water from the soils with three sequential and increasing applied energy steps to assess soil water mixing and equilibration over time. We found it took more than 3 d for soil water to mix and equilibrate.
Lukas Kleine, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Aaron Smith, Hailong Wang, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3737–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3737-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3737-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effects of the 2018 drought on water partitioning in a lowland catchment under grassland and forest in north-eastern Germany. Conditions resulted in drying up of streams, yield losses, and lower groundwater levels. Oak trees continued to transpire during the drought. We used stable isotopes to assess the fluxes and ages of water. Sustainable use of resource water requires such understanding of ecohydrological water partitioning.
Nataliia Kozii, Kersti Haahti, Pantana Tor-ngern, Jinshu Chi, Eliza Maher Hasselquist, Hjalmar Laudon, Samuli Launiainen, Ram Oren, Matthias Peichl, Jörgen Wallerman, and Niles J. Hasselquist
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2999–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrologic cycle is one of the greatest natural processes on Earth and strongly influences both regional and global climate as well as ecosystem functioning. Results from this study clearly show the central role trees play in regulating the water cycle of boreal catchments, implying that forest management impacts on stand structure as well as climate change effects on tree growth are likely to have large cascading effects on the way water moves through boreal forested landscapes.
Elisabeth K. Larsen, Jose Luis Palau, Jose Antonio Valiente, Esteban Chirino, and Juan Bellot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2755–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2755-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2755-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To improve long-term sap flow measurements when using the heat ratio method, this study introduces a dynamic probe misalignment correction method. This work uses sap flow data from four Aleppo pines from April 2017 to December 2018 and shows how a classical probe correction approach declines in accuracy over time. Additionally, it is proposed that a new set of statistical information be recorded along with the sap flow readings to ensure the quality of the raw data.
César Dionisio Jiménez-Rodríguez, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Jochen Wenninger, Adriana Gonzalez-Angarita, and Hubert Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2179–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2179-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2179-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical forest ecosystems are able to export a lot of water to the atmosphere by means of evaporation. However, little is known on how their complex structure affects this water flux. This paper analyzes the contribution of three canopy layers in terms of water fluxes and stable water isotope signatures. During the dry season in 2018 the two lower canopy layers provide 20 % of measured evaporation, highlighting the importance of knowing how forest structure can affect the hydrological cycle.
Lyssette Elena Muñoz-Villers, Josie Geris, María Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Friso Holwerda, and Todd Dawson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1649–1668, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our research showed, consistently, a complementary use of soil water sources between coffee (Coffea Arabica var. typica) plants and shade tree species during the dry and wet seasons in a traditional agroforestry ecosystem in central Veracruz, Mexico. However, more variability in plant water sources was observed among species in the rainy season when higher soil moisture conditions were present and water stress was largely absent.
Jannis Groh, Jan Vanderborght, Thomas Pütz, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Ralf Gründling, Holger Rupp, Mehdi Rahmati, Michael Sommer, Harry Vereecken, and Horst H. Gerke
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1211–1225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1211-2020, 2020
Johanna C. Metzger, Jens Schumacher, Markus Lange, and Anke Hildebrandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4433–4452, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4433-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4433-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Variation in stemflow (rain water running down the stem) enhances the formation of flow hot spots at the forest floor. Investigating drivers based on detailed measurements, we find that forest structure affects stemflow, both for individual trees and small communities. Densely packed forest patches received more stemflow, due to a higher proportion of woody structure and canopy morphology adjustments, which increase the potential for flow path generation connecting crowns and soil.
Annie L. Putman and Gabriel J. Bowen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4389–4396, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4389-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4389-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe an open-access, global database of stable water isotope ratios of various water types. The database facilitates data archiving, supports standardized metadata collection, and decreases the time investment for metanalyses. To promote data discovery and collaboration, the database exposes metadata and data owner contact information for private data but only permits download of public data. Two companion apps support digital data collection and processing and upload of analyzed data.
Chuan Yuan, Guangyao Gao, Bojie Fu, Daming He, Xingwu Duan, and Xiaohua Wei
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4077–4095, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4077-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4077-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The stemflow dynamics of two xerophytic shrubs were investigated at the inter- and intra-event scales with high-temporal-resolution data in 54 rain events. Stemflow process was depicted by intensity, duration and time lags to rain events. Funneling ratio was calculated as the ratio of stemflow to rainfall intensities. Rainfall intensity and raindrop momentum controlled stemflow intensity and time lags. Influences of rainfall characteristics on stemflow variables showed temporal dependence.
Linhua Wang, Haw Yen, Xinhui E, Liding Chen, and Yafeng Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3141–3153, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3141-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3141-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A high-frequency approach was used to monitor dynamic changes of DOC exported during the concentrated rainfall season in LPR, China. DOC concentration and flux from an ecologically restored catchment in the LPR was investigated. Hysteresis analysis indicated non-linear relationships between DOC concentration and discharge rate in a rainfall event. DOC export is substantially affected by the interaction of rainfall and antecedent conditions for a rainfall event.
François Ritter, Max Berkelhammer, and Daniel Beysens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1179–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1179-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1179-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
There currently is no standardized approach for measuring dew formation, making it difficult to compare its frequency and importance across ecosystems. Recently, canopy surface temperature data from 30 sites in the US were measured continuously using in situ infrared radiometers. The analysis presented here provides the first continental-scale standardized synthesis of dew formation. This work provides a basis for considering how changing climate and land use will influence dew formation.
Scott T. Allen, James W. Kirchner, Sabine Braun, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Gregory R. Goldsmith
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1199–1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1199-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1199-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We used stable isotopes of xylem water to study differences in the seasonal origin of water in more than 900 individual trees from three dominant species in 182 Swiss forested sites. We discovered that midsummer transpiration was mostly supplied by winter precipitation across diverse humid climates. Our findings provide new insights into tree vulnerability to droughts, transport of water (and thus solutes) in soils, and the climatic information conveyed by plant-tissue isotopes.
Fumitoshi Imaizumi, Ryoko Nishii, Kenichi Ueno, and Kousei Kurobe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 155–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-155-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-155-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated seasonal changes in sediment transport activities following forest harvesting in a humid periglacial area. Removal of the forest canopy by forest harvesting alters the type of winter soil creep. Winter creep velocity of the ground surface sediment in the harvested site was significantly higher than that in the non-harvested site. Meanwhile, sediment flux on the hillslopes decreased in the harvested site because of capture of sediment by branches of harvested trees.
Martin A. Briggs, Judson W. Harvey, Stephen T. Hurley, Donald O. Rosenberry, Timothy McCobb, Dale Werkema, and John W. Lane Jr.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6383–6398, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6383-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6383-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Brook trout are known to seek out groundwater-discharge zones for spawning. However, in a groundwater-dominated system, we observed trout using a few locations for repeatedly laying eggs. To improve the management of this cold-water species, we wanted to know why these specific groundwater-discharge zones were desirable. Through a combination of geophysical and chemical measurements, we found that locations where the stream intersects the sandy valley wall create oxygen-rich seepage zones.
Rizwana Rumman, James Cleverly, Rachael H. Nolan, Tonantzin Tarin, and Derek Eamus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4875–4889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4875-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is a significant water resource for humans and for groundwater-dependent vegetation. Several challenges to managing both groundwater resources and dependent vegetation include defining the location of dependent vegetation, the rate of groundwater use, and the depth of roots accessing groundwater. In this study we demonstrate a novel application of measurements of stable isotopes of carbon that can be used to identify the location, the rooting depth, and the rate of groundwater use.
Cited articles
Abudu, S., Bawazir, A. S., and King, J. P.: Infilling Missing Daily Evapotranspiration Data Using Neural Networks, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 136, 317–325, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000197, 2010.
Adams, H. D. and Kolb, T. E.: Tree growth response to drought and temperature in a mountain landscape in northern Arizona, USA, J. Biogeogr., 32, 1629-1640, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01292.x, 2005.
Aguilar, C., Zinnert, J. C., Jose Polo, M., and Yound, D. R.: NDVI as an indicator for changes in water availability to woody vegetation, Ecol. Appl., 23, 290–300, 2012.
Ajami, H., Meixner, T., Maddock, T., Hogan, J. F., and Guertin, P.: Impact of land-surface elevation and riparian evapotranspiration seasonality on groundwater budget in MODFLOW models, Hydrogeol. J., 19, 1181–1188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0743-0, 2011.
Ajami, H., Maddock, T., Meixner, T., Hogan, J. F., and Guertin, D. P.: RIPGIS-NET: A GIS tool for riparian groundwater evapotranspiration in MODFLOW, Ground Water, 50, 154–158, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00809.x, 2012.
Akasheh, O. Z., Neale, C. M. U., and Jayanthi, H.: Detailed mapping of riparian vegetation in the middle Rio Grande River using high resolution multi-spectral airborne remote sensing, J. Arid Environ., 72, 1734–1744, 2008.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop requirements, Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, FAO, Rome, Italy, 1998.
Amlin, N. and Rood, S.: Drought stress and recovery of riparian cottonwoods due to water table alteration along Willow Creek, Alberta, Trees Struct. Funct., 17, 351–358, 2003.
Baird, K. J. and Maddock, T.: Simulating riparian evapotranspiration: A new methodology and application for groundwater models, J. Hydrol., 312, 176–190, 2005.
Baird, K. J., Stromberg, J. C., and Maddock, T.: Linking riparian dynamics and groundwater: An ecohydrologic approach to modeling groundwater and riparian vegetation, Environ. Manage., 36, 551–564, 2005.
Baldocchi, D. D. and Ryu, Y.: A synthesis of forest evaporation fluxes – from days to years – as measured with eddy covariance, in: Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry: Synthesis of Past Research and Future Directions, edited by: Levia, D. F., Carlyle-Moses, D., and Tanaka, T., Springer Sciences + Business Media B. V., Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 101–116, 2011.
Baldocchi, D. D. and Vogel, C. A.: Energy and CO2 flux densities above and below a temperate broad-leaved forest and a boreal pine forest, Tree Physiol., 16, 5–16, 1996.
Barron, O. V., Emelyanova, I., van Niel, T. G., Pollock, D., and Hodgson, G.: Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystems using remote sensing measures of vegetation and moisture dynamics, Hydrol. Process., 28, 372–385, 2014.
Bauer, P., Thabeng, G., Stauffer, F., and Kinzelbach, W.: Estimation of the evapotranspiration rate from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, J. Hydrol., 288, 344–355, 2004.
Benyon, R. G. and Doody, T. M.: Water Use by Tree Plantations in South East South Australia. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Technical Report Number 148, CSIRO, Mount Gambier SA, 2004.
Benyon, R. G., Theiveyanathan, S., and Doody, T. M.: Impacts of tree plantations on groundwater in south-eastern Australia, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 181–192, https://doi.org/10.1071/bt05046, 2006.
Bogino, S. M. and Jobbagy, E. G.: Climate and groundwater effects on the establishment, growth and death of Prosopis caldenia trees in the Pampas (Argentina), Forest Ecol. Manage., 262, 1766–1774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.032, 2011.
Brodribb, T. J., Holbrook, N. M., Edwards, E. J., and Gutierrez, M. V.: Relations between stomatal closure, leaf turgor and xylem vulnerability in eight tropical dry forest trees, Plant Cell Environ., 26, 443–450, 2003.
Brown, J., Bach, L., Aldous, A., Wyers, A., and DeGagne, J.: Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Oregon: an assessment of their distribution and associated threats, Front. Ecol. Environ., 9, 97–102, 2010.
Brown, L.: Water tables falling and rivers running dry: international situation, Int. J. Environ., 3, 1–5, 2007.
Brunner, P., Franssen, H.-J. H., Kgotlhang, L., Bauer-Gottwein, P., and Kinzelbach, W.: How can remote sensing contribute in groundwater modeling?, Hydrogeol. J., 15, 5–18, 2007.
Budyko, M. I.: Climate and life, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 508 pp., 1974.
Busch, D. E., Ingraham, N. L., and Smith, S. D.: Water uptake in woody riparian phreatophytes of the Southwestern United States: a stable isotope study, Ecol. Appl., 2, 450–459, 1992.
Butler, J. J., Kluitenberg, G. J., Whittemore, D. O., Loheide, S. P., Jin, W., Billinger, M. A., and Zhan, X. Y.: A field investigation of phreatophyte-induced fluctuations in the water table, Water Resour. Res., 43, W02404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004627, 2007.
Campos, G. E. P., Moran, M. S., Huete, A., Zhang, Y., Bresloff, C., Huxman, T. E., Eamus, D., Bosch, D. D., Buda, A. R., and Gunter, S. A.: Ecosystem resilience despite large-scale altered hydroclimatic conditions, Nature, 494, 349–352, 2013.
Canham, C. A., Froend, R. H., and Stock, W. D.: Water stress vulnerability of four Banksia species in contrasting ecohydrological habitats on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 64–72, 2009.
Canham, C. A., Froend, R. H., Stock, W. D., and Davies, M.: Dynamics of phreatophyte root growth relative to a seasonally fluctuating water table in a Mediterranean-type environment, Oecologia, 170, 909–916, 2012.
Carlson, T. N. and Ripley, D. A.: On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index, Remote Sens. Environ., 62, 241–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(97)00104-1, 1997.
Carter, J. L. and White, D. A.: Plasticity in the Huber value contributes to homeostasis in leaf water relations of a mallee Eucalypt with variation to groundwater depth, Tree Physiol., 29, 1407–1418, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp076, 2009.
Cernusak, L. A., Marshall, J. D., Comstock, J. P., and Balster, N. J.: Carbon isotope discrimination in photosynthetic bark, Oecologia, 128, 24–35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100629, 2001.
Chimner, R. A. and Cooper, D. J.: Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley, Colorado USA, Plant Soil, 260, 225–236, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000030190.70085.e9, 2004.
Cleverly, J. R.: Water use by Tamarix, in: Tamarix. A Case Study of Ecological Change in the American West, Sher, A. and Quigley, M. F., Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 85–98, 2013.
Cleverly, J. R., Smith, S. D., Sala, A., and Devitt, D. A.: Invasive capacity of Tamarix ramosissima in a Mojave Desert floodplain: the role of drought, Oecologia, 111, 12–18, 1997.
Cleverly, J. R., Dahm, C. N., Thibault, J. R., Gilroy, D. J., and Coonrod, J. E. A.: Seasonal estimates of actual evapo-transpiration from Tamarix ramosissima stands using three-dimensional eddy covariance, J. Arid Environ., 52, 181–197, https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.0972, 2002.
Cleverly, J. R., Dahm, C. N., Thibault, J. R., McDonnell, D. E., and Coonrod, J. E. A.: Riparian ecohydrology: Regulation of water flux from the ground to the atmosphere in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, Hydrol. Process., 20, 3207–3225, 2006.
Clifton, C. A. and Evans, R.: Environmental water requirements to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems, Environmental Flows Initiative Technical Report Number 2, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2001.
Cocozza, C., Giovannelli, A., Traversi, M. L., Castro, G., Cherubini, P., and Tognetti, R.: Do tree-ring traits reflect different water deficit responses in young poplar clones (Populus × canadensis Monch 'I-214' and P. deltoides 'Dvina')?, Trees Struct. Funct., 25, 975–985, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0572-8, 2011.
Conejero, W., Alarcón, J. J., García-Orellana, Y., Abrisqueta, J. M., and Torrecillas, A.: Daily sapflow and maximum daily trunk shrinkage measurements for diagnosing water stress in early maturing peach trees during the post harvest period, Tree Physiol., 27, 81–88, 2007.
Conejero, W., Mellisho, C. D., Ortuno, M. F.: Using trunk diameter sensors for regulated irrigation scheduling in early maturing peach trees, Environ. Exp. Bot., 71, 409–415, 2011.
Contreras, S., Jobbagy, E. G., Villagra, P. E., Nosetto, M. D., and Puigdefabregas, J.: Remote sensing estimates of supplementary water consumption by arid ecosystems of central Argentina, J. Hydrol., 397, 10–22, 2011.
Cook, P. G. and O'Grady, A. P.: Determining soil and ground water use of vegetation from heat pulse, water potential and stable isotope data, Oecologia, 148, 97–107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0353-4, 2006.
Cook, P. G., Hatton, T. J., Pidsley, D., Herczeg, A. L., Held, A., O'Grady, A., and Eamus, D: Water balance of a tropical woodland ecosystem, northern Australia: a combination of micro-meteorological, soil physical and groundwater chemical approaches, J. Hydrol., 210, 161–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00181-4, 1998.
Cooper, D. J., D'Amico, D., and Scott, M.: Physiological and morphological response patterns of Populus deltoides to alluvial groundwater pumping, Environ. Manage., 31, 215–226, 2003.
Cooper, D. J., Sanderson, J. S., Stannard, D. I., and Groeneveld, D. P.: Effects of long-term water table drawdown on evapotranspiration and vegetation in an arid region phreatophyte community, J. Hydrol., 325, 21–34, 2006.
Dahm, C. N., Cleverly, J. R., Coonrod, J. E. A., Thibault, J. R., McDonnell, D. E., and Gilroy, D. F.: Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin, Freshwater Biol., 47, 831–843, 2002.
Dai, A.: Drought under global warming: a review, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews – Climate Change, 2, 45–65, 2011.
Dawson, T. E. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Streamside trees that do not use stream water, Nature, 350, 335–337, https://doi.org/10.1038/350335a0, 1991.
Devitt, D. A., Sala, A., Smith, S. D., Cleverly, J. R., Shaulis, L. K., and Hammett, R.: Bowen ratio estimates of evapotranspiration for Tamarix ramosissima stands on the Virgin River in southern Nevada, Water Resour. Res., 34, 2407–2414, 1998.
Di Tomaso, J. M.: Impact, biology, and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States, Weed Technol., 12, 326–336, 1998.
Doble, R., Simmons, C., Jolly, I., and Walker, G.: Spatial relationships between vegetation cover and irrigation-induced groundwater discharge on a semi-arid floodplain, Australia, J. Hydrol., 329, 75–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.007, 2006.
Donohue, R. J., Roderick, M. L., and McVicar, T. R.: On the importance of including vegetation dynamics in Budyko's hydrological model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-983-2007, 2007.
Doody T. M., Benyon, R. G., Theiveyanathan, S., Koul, V., and Stewart, L.: Development of pan coefficients for estimating evapotranspiration from riparian woody vegetation, Hydrol. Process., 28, 2129–2149, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9753, 2014.
Drake, P. L. and Franks, P. J.: Water resource partitioning, stem xylem hydraulic properties, and plant water use strategies in a seasonally dry riparian tropical rainforest, Oecologia, 137, 321–329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1352-y, 2003.
Drake, P. L., Coleman, B. F., and Vogwill, R.: The response of semi-arid ephemeral wetland plants to flooding: linking water use to Hydrol. Proc., Ecohydrology, 6, 852–862, 2013.
Dresel, P. E., Clark, R., Cheng, X., Reid, M., Terry, A., Fawcett, J., and Cochrane, D.: Mapping Terrestrial GDEs: Method development and example output. Victoria Department of Primary Industries, Melbourne, VIC., 66 pp., 2010.
Drew, D. M. and Downes, G. M.: The use of precision dendrometers in research on daily stem size and wood property variation: A review, Dendrochronologia, 27, 169–172, 2009.
Drew, D. M., O'Grady, A. P., Downes, G. M., Read, J., and Worledge, D.: Daily patterns of stem size variation in irrigated and unirrigated Eucalyptus globulus, Tree Physiol., 28, 1573–1581, 2008.
Eagleson, P. S.: Climate, soil and vegetation: 1. Introduction to water balance dynamics, Water Resour. Res., 14, 705–712, 1978.
Eamus, D., Hutley, L. B., and O'Grady, A. P.: Daily and seasonal patterns of carbon and water fluxes above a north Australian savanna, Tree Physiol., 21, 977–988, 2001.
Eamus, D., Haton, T., Cook, P., and Colvin, C.: Ecohydrology: vegetation function, water and resource manangement, CSIRO, Melbourne, 2006a.
Eamus, D., Froend, R., Loomes, R., Hose, G., and Murray, B.: A functional methodology for determining the groundwater regime needed to maintain the health of groundwater-dependent vegetation, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 97–114, 2006b.
Eamus, D., Boulain, N., Cleverly, J., and Breshears, D. D.: Global change-type drought induced tree mortality: vaour pressure deficit is more important than temperature per se in causing decline in tree health, Ecol. Evol., 3, 2711–2729, 2013.
Ehleringer, J. R. and Dawson, T. E.: Water uptake by plants: perspectives from stable isotope composition, Plant Cell Environ., 15, 1073–1082, 1992.
Ellis, T. W. and Hatton, T. J.: Relating leaf area index of natural eucalypt vegetation to climate variables in southern Australia, Agr. Water Manage., 95, 743–747, 2008.
Elmahdi, A. and McFarlane, D.: Integrated multi-agency framework: sustainable water management, Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manage., 165, 313–326, https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00003, 2012.
Elmore, A. J., Manning, S. J., Mustard, J. F., and Craine, J. M.: Decline in alkali meadow vegetation cover in California: the effects of groundwater extraction and drought, J. Appl. Ecol., 43, 770–779, 2006.
Engel, V., Jobbagy, E. G., Stieglitz, M., Williams, M., and Jackson, R. B.: Hydrological consequences of eucalyptus afforestation in the argentine pampas, Water Resour. Res., 41, W10409, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003761, 2005.
Everitt, J. H. and DeLoach, C. J.: Remote sensing of Chinese Tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) and associated vegetation, Weed Science, 38, 273–278, 1990.
Everitt, J. H., Judd, F. W., Escobar, D. E., Alaniz, M. A., Davis, M. R., and MacWhorter, W.: Using remote sensing and spatial information technologies to map sabal palm in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, Southw. Natural., 41, 218–226, 1996.
Fahle, M. and Dietrich, O.: Estimation of evapotranspiration using diurnal groundwater level fluctuations: Comparison of different approaches with groundwater lysimeter data, Water Resour. Res., 50, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014472, 2014.
February, E. C., Higgins, S. I., Newton, R., and West, A. G.: Tree distribution on a steep environmental gradient in an arid savanna, J. Biogeogr., 34, 270–278, 2007.
Feikema, P. M., Morris, J. D., and Connell, L. D.: The water balance and water sources of a Eucalyptus plantation over shallow saline groundwater, Plant Soil, 332, 429–449, 2010.
Ford, C. R., Mitchell, R. J., and Teskey, R. O.: Water table depth affects productivity, water use and the response to nitrogen addition in a savvan system, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 2118–2127, 2008.
Froend, R. H. and Drake, P. L.: Defining phreatophyte response to reduced water availability: preliminary investigations on the use of xylem cavitation vulnerability in Banksia woodland species, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 173–179, 2006.
Froend, R. H. and Sommer, B.: Phreatophytic vegetation response to climatic and abstraction-induced GW drawdown: examples of long-term spatial and temporal variability in community response, Ecol. Eng., 36, 1191–1200, 2010.
Galindo, A., Rodrigues, P., Mellisho, C. D., Torrecillas, E., Moriana, A., Cruz, Z. N., Conejero, W., Moreno, F., and Terrecillas, A.: Assessment of discreetly measured indicators and maximum daily trunk shrinkage for detecting water stress in pomegranate trees, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 180, 58–65, 2013.
Gamon, J., Field, C., Goulden, M., Griffin, K., Hartley, A., Joel, G., Penuelas, J., and Valentini, R.: Relationships between NDVI, canopy structure, and photosynthesis in 3 Californian vegetation types, Ecol. Appl., 5, 28–41, 1995.
Gay, L. W. and Fritschen, L. J.: An energy budget analysis of water use by saltcedar, Water Resour. Res., 15, 1589–1592, 1979.
Gazal, R. M., Scott, R. L., Goodrich, D. C., and Williams, D. G.: Controls on transpiration in a semiarid riparian cottonwood forest, Ag. Forest Meterol., 137, 56–67, 2006.
Gessler, A., Brandes, E., Buchmann, N., Helle, G., Rennenberg, H., and Barnard, R. L.: Tracing carbon and oxygen isotope signals from newly assimilated sugars in the leaves to the tree-ring archive, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 780–795, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01957.x, 2009.
Giantomasi, M. A., Roig-Juñent, F. A., and Villagra, P. E.: Use of differential water sources by Prosopis flexuosa DC: a dendroecological study, Plant Ecol., 214, 11–27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-012-0141-2, 2012.
Giordano, M.: Global groundwater? Issue and solutions, Ann. Rev. Environ. Res. 34, 153–178.2009.
Glazer, A. N. and Likens, G. E.: The water table: the shifting foundation of life on land, Ambio, 41, 657–669, 2012.
Gleick, P. and Palaniappan, M.: Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 11155–11162, 2010.
Glenn, E. P., Huete, A. R., Nagler, P. L., Hirschboeck, K. K., and Brown, P.: Integrating remote sensing and ground methods to estimate evapotranspiration, Crit. Rev. Pl. Sci., 26, 139–168, https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680701402503, 2007.
Glenn, E. P., Nagler, P. L., and Huete, A. R.: Vegetation Index Methods for Estimating Evapotranspiration by Remote Sensing, Surv. Geophys., 31, 531–555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-010-9102-2, 2010.
Gonzalez, E., Gonzalex-Sanchis, M., Comin, F. A., and Muller, E.: Hydrologic thresholds for riparian forest conservation in a regulated large Mediterranean river, River Res. Appl., 28, 81–80, 2012.
Goodrich, D. C., Chehbouni, A., Goff, B., MacNish, B., Maddock, T., Moran, S., Shuttleworth, W. J., Williams, D. G., Watts, C., Hipps, L. H., Cooper, D. I., Schieldge, J., Kerr, Y. H., Arias, H., Kirkland, M., Carlos, R., Cayrol, P., Kepner, W., Jones, B., Avissar, R., Begue, A., Bonnefond, J. M., Boulet, G., Branan, B., Brunel, J. P., Chen, L. C., Clarke, T., Davis, M. R., DeBruin, H., Dedieu, G., Elguero, E., Eichinger, W. E., Everitt, J., Garatuza-Payan, J., Gempko, V. L., Gupta, H., Harlow, C., Hartogensis, O., Helfert, M., Holifield, C., Hymer, D., Kahle, A., Keefer, T., Krishnamoorthy, S., Lhomme, J. P., Lagouarde, J. P., Lo Seen, D., Luquet, D., Marsett, R., Monteny, B., Ni, W., Nouvellon, Y., Pinker, R., Peters, C., Pool, D., Qi, J., Rambal, S., Rodriguez, J., Santiago, F., Sano, E., Schaeffer, S. M., Schulte, M., Scott, R., Shao, X., Snyder, K. A., Sorooshian, S., Unkrich, C. L., Whitaker, M., and Yucel, I.: Preface paper to the Semi-Arid Land-Surface-Atmosphere (SALSA) Program special issue, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 105, 3–20, 2000a.
Goodrich, D. C., Scott, R., Qi, J., Goff, B., Unkrich, C. L., Moran, M. S., Williams, D., Schaeffer, S., Snyder, K., MacNish, R., Maddock, T., Pool, D., Chehbouni, A., Cooper, D. I., Eichinger, W. E., Shuttleworth, W. J., Kerr, Y., Marsett, R., and Ni, W.: Seasonal estimates of riparian evapotranspiration using remote and in situ measurements, Agr. Forest Meterol., 105, 281–309, 2000b.
Gou, S., Gonzales, S., and Miller, G.: Mapping potential groundwater-dependent ecosystems for sustainable management, Ground Water, 53, 99–110, 2015.
Gribovszki, Z., Kalicz, P., Szilagyi, J., and Kucsara, M.: Riparian zone evapotranspiration estimation from diurnal groundwater level fluctuations, J. Hydrol., 349, 6–17, 2008.
Gribovszki, Z., Szilagyi, J., and Kalicz, P.: Diurnal fluctuations in shallow groundwater levels and streamflow rates and their interpretation – A review, J. Hydrol., 385, 371–383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.001, 2010.
Gries, D., Zeng, F., Foetzki, A., Arndt, S. K., Bruelheide, H., Thomas, F. M., Zhang, X., and Runge, M.: Growth and water relations of Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica on Taklamakan desert dunes in relation to depth to a permanent water table, Plant Cell Environ., 26, 725–736, 2003.
Groeneveld, D. P.: Remotely-sensed groundwater evapotranspiration from alkali scrub affected by declining water table, J. Hydrol., 358, 294–303, 2008.
Groeneveld, D. P. and Baugh, W. M.: Correcting satellite data to detect vegetation signal for eco-hydrologic analyses, J. Hydrol., 344, 135–145, 2007.
Groeneveld, D. P., Baugh, W. M., Sanderson, J. S., and Cooper, D. J.: Annual groundwater evapotranspiration mapped from single satellite scenes, J. Hydrol., 344, 146–156, 2007.
Groom, B. P., Froend, R. H., and Mattiske, E. M.: Impact of groundwater abstraction on Banksia woodland, Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, Ecol. Manage. Restor., 1, 117–124, 2000.
Hanson, R. T., Dettinger, M. D., and Newhouse, M. W.: Relations between climatic variability and hydrologic time series from four alluvial basins across the southwestern United States, Hydrogeol. J., 14, 1122–1146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0067-7, 2006.
Hatton, T. and Evans, R.: Dependence of ecosystems on groundwater and its significance to Australia, Occasional Paper No. 12/98, Land and Water Res. Res. and Dewvelopment Corporation, CSIRO, Australia, 1998.
Henry, C. M., Allen, D. M., and Huang, J.: Groundwater storage variability and annual recharge using well-hydrograph and GRACE satellite data, Hydrogeol. J., 19, 741–755, 2011.
Horton, J. L., Kolb, T. E., and Hart, S. C.: Responses of riparian trees to inter-annual variation in groundwater depth in a semi-arid river basin, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 293–304, 2001.
Houborg, R., Rodell, M., Li, B., Reichle, R., and Zaitchik, B. F.: Drought indicators based on model assimilated GRACE terrestrial water storage observations, Water Resour Res., 48, W07525, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011291, 2012.
Howard, J. and Merrifield, M.: Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystems in California, PLoS ONE, 5, e11249, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011249, 2010.
Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E. P., Gao, X., and Ferreira, L. G.: Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 195–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00096-2, 2002.
Hultine, K. R. and Bush, S. E.: Ecohydrological consequences of non-native riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States: A review from an ecophysiological perspective, Water Resour Res., 47, W07542, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010317, 2011.
Hultine, K. R., Bush, S. E., and Ehleringer, J. R.: Ecophysiology of riparian cottonwood and willow before, during, and after two years of soil water removal, Ecol. Appl., 20, 347–361, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0492.1, 2010
Jin, X. M., Schaepman, M. E., Clevers, J. G., Su, Z. B., and Hu, G.: Groundwater depth and vegetation in the Ejina area, China, Arid Land Res. Manage., 25, 194–199, 2011.
Jobbagy, E. G., Nosetto, M. D., Villagra, P. E., and Jackson, R. B.: Water subsidies from montains to deserts:their roile in sustaining groundwater fed oases in a sandy landscape, Ecol. Appl., 21, 678–694, 2011.
Jung, M., Reichstein, M., Margolis, H. A., Cescatti, A., Richardson, A. D., Arain, M. A., Arneth, A., Bernhofer, C., Bonal, D., Chen, J. Q., Gianelle, D., Gobron, N., Kiely, G., Kutsch, W., Lasslop, G., Law, B. E., Lindroth, A., Merbold, L., Montagnani, L., Moors, E. J., Papale, D., Sottocornola, M., Vaccari, F., and Williams, C.: Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00J07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001566, 2011.
Kanniah, K. D., Beringer, J., and Hutley, L. B.: Response of savanna gross primary productivity to interannual variability in rainfall: Results of a remote sensing based light use efficiency model, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 37, 642–663, 2013.
Kath, J., Reardon-Smith, K., Le Brocque, A. F., Dyer, F. J., Dafny, E., Fritz, L., and Batterham, M.: Groundwater decline and tree change in floodplain landscapes: Identifying non-linear threshold responses in canopy condition, Global Ecol. Conserv., 2, 148–160, 2014.
Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Laborel, S., et al.: TRY – a global database of plant traints, Global Change Biol., 17, 2905–2935, 2011.
Kelliher, F. M., Kirkham, M. B., and Tauer, C. G.: Stomatal resistance, transpiration and growth of drought-stressed eastern cottonwood, Can. J. Forest Res. 10, 447–451, 1980.
Kelliher, F. M., Kostner, B. M. M., Hollinger, D. Y., Byers, J. N., Hunt, J. E., McSeveny, T. M., Meserth, R., Weir, P. L., and Schulze, E. D.: Evaporation, xylem sapflow and tree transpiration in a New Zealand broad-leaved forest, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 62, 53–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90005-o, 1992.
Kochendorfer, J., Castillo, E. G., Haas, E., Oechel, W. C., and Paw U, K. T.: Net ecosystem exchange, evapotranspiration and canopy conductance in a riparian forest, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 544–553, 2011.
Kranjcec, J., Mahoney, J. M., and Rood, S. B.: The responses of three riparian cottonwood species to water table decline, Forest Ecol. Manage., 110, 77–87, 1998.
Kray, J. Cooper, D., and Sanderson, J.: Groundwater use by native plants in response to changes in precipitation in an intermountain basin, J. Arid Environ.,83, 25–34, 2012.
Lageard, J. G. A. and Drew, I. B.: Hydrogeomorphic control on tree growth responses in the Elton area of the Cheshire Saltfield, UK, Geomorphology, 95, 158–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.05.017, 2008.
Lamontagne, S., Cook, P. G., O'Grady, A., and Eamus, D.: Groundwater use by vegetation in a tropical savanna riparian zone (Daly River, Australia), J. Hydrol., 310, 280–293, 2005.
Lautz, L. K.: Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration rates using diurnal water-table fluctuations in a semi-arid riparian zone, Hydrogeol. J., 16, 483–497, 2008.
Leblanc, M. J., Leduc, C., Razack, M., Lemoalle, J., Dagorne, D., and Mofor, L.: Application of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater modelling of large semiarid areas: example of the Lake Chad Basin, Africa. Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions Conference, Montpieller, France, April 2003, IAHS (Red Books Series), Wallingford, UK, 186–192, 2003a.
Leblanc, M. J., Razack, M., Dagorne, D., Mofor, L., and Jones, C.: Application of Meteosat thermal data to map soil infiltrability in the central part of the Lake Chad basin, Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018094, 2003b.
Leblanc, M. J., Tregoning, P., Ramillien, G., Tweed, S. O., and Fakes, A.: Basin-scale, integrated observations of the early 21st century multiyear drought in southeast Australia, Water Resour. Res., 45, W04408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007333, 2009.
Leffler, A. J. and Evans, A. S.: Variation in carbon isotope composition among years in the riparian tree Populus fremontii, Oecologia, 119, 311–319, 1999.
Li, F. and Lyons, T.: Estimation of regional evapotranspiration through remote sensing, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 1644–1654, 1999.
Lite, S. J. and Stromberg, J. C.: Surface water and ground-water thresholds for maintaining Populus-Salix forests, San Pedro River, Arizona, Biol. Conserv., 125, 153–167, 2005.
Logsdon, S. D., Schilling, K. E., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Prueger, J. H., Hatfield, J. L., and Sauer, T. J.: Field estimation of specific yield in a central Iowa crop field, Hydrol. Process., 24, 1369–1377, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7600, 2010.
Loheide, S. P.: A method for estimating subdaily evapotranspiration of shallow groundwater using diurnal water table fluctuations, Ecohydrology, 1, 59–66, 2008.
Loheide, S. P. and Booth, E. G.: Effects of changing channel morphology on vegetation, groundwater, and soil moisture regimes in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, Geomorphology, 126, 364–376, 2011.
Loheide, S. P., Butler, J. J., and Gorelick, S. M.: Estimation of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes using diurnal water table fluctuations: A saturated-unsaturated flow assessment, Water Resour. Res., 41, W07030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr003942, 2005.
Lowry, C. S. and Loheide, S. P.: Groundwater-dependent vegetation: Quantifying the groundwater subsidy, Water Resour. Res., 46, W06202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008874, 2010.
Lowry, C. S., Loheide, S. P., Moore, C. E., and Lundquist, J. D.: Groundwater controls on vegetation composition and patterning in mountain meadows, Water Resour. Res., 47, W00J11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010086, 2011.
Lv, J., Wang, X. S., Zhou, Y., Qian, K., Wan, L., Eamus, D., and Tao, Z.: Groundwater-dependent distribution of vegetation in Hailiutu River catchment, a semi-arid region in China, Ecohydrology, 6, 142–149, 2012.
Ma, X., Huete, A., Yu, Q., Coupe, N. R., Davies, K., Broich, M., Ratana, P., Beringer, J., Hutley, L. B., Cleverly, J., Boulain, N., and Eamus, D.: Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in savanna vegetation phenology across the North Australian Tropical Transect, Remote Sens. Environ., 139, 97–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.030, 2013.
Máguas, C., Rascher, K. G., Martins-Loução, A., Carvalho, P., Pinho, P., Ramos, M., Correia, O., and Werner, C.: Responses of woody species to spatial and temporal ground water changes in coastal sand dune systems, Biogeosciences, 8, 3823–3832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3823-2011, 2011.
Mahoney, J. M. and Rood, S. B.: A device for studying the influence of declining water table on poplar growth and survival, Tree Physiol., 8, 305–314, 1991.
Markesteijn, L., Poorter, L., Paz,, H., Sack, L., and Bongers, F.: Ecological differentiation in xylem cavitation resistance is associated with stem and leaf structural traits, Plant Cell Environ., 34, 137–148, 2011.
Martinet, M. C., Vivoni, E. R., Cleverly, J. R., Thibault, J. R., Schuetz, J. F., and Dahm, C. N.: On groundwater fluctuations, evapotranspiration, and understory removal in riparian corridors, Water Resour. Res., 45, W05425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007152, 2009.
McCarroll, D. and Loader, N. J.: Stable isotopes in tree rings, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 771–801, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.017, 2004.
McDonald, M. G. and Harbaugh, A. W.: A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model, Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 1988.
McDowell, N., Pockman, W. T., Allen, C. D., Breshears, D. D., Cobb, N., Kolb, T., Plaut, J., Sperry, J., West, A., Williams, D. G., and Yepez, E. A.: Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?, New Phytol., 178, 719–739, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02436.x, 2008.
McLendon, T., Hubbard, P. J., and Martin, D. W.: Partitioning the use of precipitation-and groundwater-derived moisture by vegetation in an arid ecosystem in California, J. Arid Environ., 72, 986–1001, 2008.
Meinzer, F. C., Campanello, P. I., Domec, J.-C., Gatti, M. G., Goldstein, G., Villalobos-Vega, R., and Woodruff, D. R.: Constraints on physiological function associated with branch architecture and wood density in tropical forest trees, Tree Physiol., 28, 1609–1617, 2008.
Merritt, D. M. and Bateman, H. L.: Linking stream flow and groundwater to avian habitat in a desert riparian system, Ecol. Appl., 22, 1973–1988, 2012.
Miller, G. R., Chen, X., Rubin, Y., Ma, S., and Baldocchi, D. D.: Groundwater uptake by woody vegetation in a semiarid oak savanna, Water Resour. Res., 46, W10503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008902, 2010.
Moore, G. W., Cleverly, J. R., and Owens, M. K.: Nocturnal transpiration in riparian Tamarix thickets authenticated by sap flux, eddy covariance and leaf gas exchange measurements, Tree Physiol., 28, 521–528, 2008.
Münch, Z, and Conrad, J.: Remote sensing and GIS based determination of groundwater dependent ecosystems in the Western Cape, South Africa, Hydrogeol. J., 15, 19–28, 2007.
Murray, B. R., Hose, G. C., Eamus, D., and Licari, D.: Valuation of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: a functional methodology incorporating ecosystem services, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 221–229, 2006.
Nachabe, M., Shah, N., Ross, M., and Vomacka, J.: Evapotranspiration of two vegetation covers in a shallow water table environment, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69, 492–499, 2005.
Nagler, P. L., Glenn, E., Thompson, T., and Huete, A.: Leaf area index and NDVI as predictors of canopy characteristics and light interception by riparian species on the Lower Colarado River, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 116, 103–112, 2004.
Nagler, P. L., Cleverly, J., Glenn, E., Lampkin, D., Huete, A., and Wan, Z. M.: Predicting riparian evapotranspiration from MODIS vegetation indices and meteorological data, Remote Sens. Environ., 94, 17–30, 2005a.
Nagler, P. L., Scott, R. L., Westenburg, C., Cleverly, J. R., Glenn, E. P., and Huete, A. R.: Evapotranspiration on western US rivers estimated using the Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS and data from eddy covariance and Bowen ratio flux towers, Remote Sens. Environ., 97, 337–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.011, 2005b.
Nagler, P. L., Morino, K., Didan, K., Erker, J., Osterberg, J., Hultine, K. R., and Glenn, E. P.: Wide-area estimates of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) evapotranspiration on the lower Colorado River measured by heat balance and remote sensing methods, Ecohydrology, 2, 18–33, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.35, 2009.
Nagler, P. L., Glenn, E., Nguyen, U., Scott, R., and Doody, T.: Estimating riparian and agricultural actual evapotranspiration by reference evapotranspiration and MODIS enhanced vegetation index, Remote Sensing, 5, 3849–3871, 2013.
Naumburg, E., Mata-Gonzalez, R., Hunter, R. G., McLendon, T., and Martin, D. W.: Phreatophytic vegetation and groundwater fluctuations: a review of current research and application of ecosystem response modeling with an emphasis on great basin vegetation, Environ. Manage., 35, 726–740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0194-7, 2005.
Neale, C. M. U.: Classification and mapping of riparian systems using airborne multispectral videography, Restor. Ecol., 5, 103–112, 1997.
Nemani, R. R. and Running, S. W.: Testing a theoretical climate soil leaf-area hydrological equilibrium of forests using satellite data and ecosystem simulation, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 44, 245–260, 1989.
Nippert, J. B., Butler, J. J., Kluitenberg, G. J., Whittemore, D. O., Arnold, D., Spal, S. E., and Ward, J. K.: Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought, Oecologia, 162, 283–292, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1455-1, 2010.
Nosetto, M. D., Jobbagy, E. G., Toth, T., and Bella, C. M. D.: The effects of tree establishment on water and salt dynamics in naturally salt-affected grasslands, Oecologia, 152, 695–705, 2007.
Oberhuber, W., Stumbock, M., and Kofler, W.: Climate tree-growth relationships of Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed to soil dryness., Trees Struct. Funct., 13, 19–27, 1998.
O'Grady, A. P., Cook, P. G., Howe, P., and Werren, G.: Groundwater use by dominant tree species in tropical remnant vegetation communities, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 155–171, https://doi.org/10.1071/bt04179, 2006a.
O'Grady, A. P., Eamus, D., Cook, P. G., and Lamontagne, S.: Groundwater use by riparian vegetation in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia, Aust. J. Bot., 54, 145–154, 2006b.
O'Grady, A. P., Carter, J. L., and Holland, K.: Review of Australian groundwater discharge studies of terrestrial systems, in: Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship, CSIRO, Melbourne, 2010.
O'Grady, A. P., Carter, J. L., and Bruce, J.: Can we predict groundwater discharge from terrestrial ecosystems using existing eco-hydrological concepts?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3731–3739, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3731-2011, 2011.
Oishi, A. C., Oren, R., and Stoy, P. C.: Estimating components of forest evapotranspiration: A footprint approach for scaling sap flux measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 148, 1719–1732, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.013, 2008.
Orellana, F., Verma, P., Loheide, S. P., and Daly, E.: Monitoring and modelling water-vegetation interactions in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, Rev. Geophys., 50, Rg3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011rg000383, 2012.
Ortuno, M. F. and Garcia-Orellana, Y.: Stem and leaf water potentials, gas exchange, sapflow and trunk diameter fluctuation for detecting water stress in lemon trees, Trees, 20, 1–8, 2006.
Osmond, C. B., Austin, M. P., Berry, J. A., Billings, W. D., Boyer, J. S., Dacey, J. W. H., Nobel, P. S., Smith, S. D., and Winner, W. E.: Stress physiology and the distribution of plants, Bioscience, 37, 38–47, 1987.
Perez-Valdivia, C. and Sauchyn, D.: Tree-ring reconstruction of groundwater levels in Alberta, Canada: Long term hydroclimatic variability, Dendrochronologia, 29, 41–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2010.09.001, 2011.
Perkins, S. P. and Sophocleous, M.: Development of a comprehensive watershed model applied to study stream yield under drought conditions, Ground Water, 37, 418–426, 1999.
Pert, P. L., Butler, J. R. A., Brodie, J. E., Bruce, C., Honzak, M., Kroon, F. J., Metcalfe, D., Mitchell, D., and Wong, G.: A catchment-based approach to mapping hydrological ecosystem services using riparian habitat: A case study from the Wet Tropics, Australia, Ecolog. Complex., 7, 378–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2010.05.002, 2010.
Peters, E., Torfs, P. J., Van Lanen, H. A., and Bier, G.: Propagation of drought through groundwater – A new approach using linear reservoir theory, Hydrol. Process., 17, 3023–3040, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1274, 2003.
Phillips, D. L. and Gregg, J. W.: Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources, Oecologia, 136, 261–269, 2003.
Pockman, W. and Sperry, J.: Vulnerability to xylem cavitation and the distribution of Sonoran desert vegetation, Am. J. Bot., 87, 1287–1299, 2000.
Post, V. E. A. and von Asmuth, J. R.: Review: Hydraulic head measurements-new technologies, classic pitfalls, Hydrogeol. J., 21, 737–750, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0969-0, 2013.
Potts, D. L. and Williams, D. G.: Response of tree ring holocellulose δ13C to moisture availability in Populus fremontii at perennial and intermittent stream reaches, W. N. Am. Natural., 64, 27–37, 2004.
Prior, L. D., Grierson, P. F., McCaw, W. L., Tng, D. Y. P., Nichols, S. C., and Bowman, D.: Variation in stem radial growth of the Australian conifer, Callitris columellaris, across the world's driest and least fertile vegetated continent, Trees Struct. Funct., 26, 1169–1179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0693-8, 2012.
Querejeta, J. I., Estrada-Medina, H., Allen, M. F., and Jiménez-Osornio, J. J.: Water source partitioning among trees growing on shallow karst soils in a seasonally dry tropical climate, Oecologia, 152, 26–36, 2007.
Rodell, M. and Famiglietti, J. S.: Terrestrial water storage variations over Illinois : Analysis of observations and implications for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Water Resour. Res., 37, 1327–1340, 2001.
Rodell, M., Chen, J. L., Kato, H., Famiglietti, J. S., Nigro, J., and Wilson, C. R.: Estimating groundwater storage changes in the Mississippi River basin (USA) using GRACE, Hydrogeol. J., 15, 159–166, 2007.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India, Nature, 460, 999–1002, 2009.
Roderick, M. L. and Farquhar, G. D.: Water availability and evapotranspiration in the Murray Darling Basin: A look at the past and a glimpse into the future, Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra, 2009.
Rood, S. B., Patino, S., Coombs, K., and Tyree, M.: Branch sacrifice: cavitation-associated drought adaptation of riparian cottonwoods, Trees Struct. Funct., 14, 248–257, 2000.
Rood, S. B., Braatne, J., and Hughes, F.: Ecophysiology of riparian cottonwoods: stream flow dependency, water relations and restoration, Tree Physiol., 23, 1113–1124, 2003.
Rood, S. B., Goater, L. A., Gill, K. M., Braatne, J. H.: Sand and sandbar willow: A feedback loop amplifies environmental sensitivity at the riparian interface, Oecologia, 165, 31–40, 2011.
Rossini, M., Cogliati, S., Meroni, M., Migliavacca, M., Galvagno, M., Busetto, L., Cremonese, E., Julitta, T., Siniscalco, C., Morra di Cella, U., and Colombo, R.: Remote sensing-based estimation of gross primary production in a subalpine grassland, Biogeosciences, 9, 2565–2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2565-2012, 2012.
Sala, A., Devitt, D. A., and Smith, S. D.: Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave Desert floodplain, Ecol. Appl., 6, 888–898, 1996.
Sarris, D., Christodoulakis, D., and Korner, C.: Recent decline in precipitation and tree growth in the eastern Mediterranean, Global Change Biol., 13, 1187–1200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01348.x, 2007.
Scanlon, B. R., Longuevergne, L., and Long, D.: Ground referencing GRACE satellite estimates of groundwater storage changes in the California Central Valley, USA, Water Resour. Res., 48, W04520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011312, 2012a.
Scanlon, B. R., Faunt, C. C., Longuevergne, L., Reedy, R. C., Alley, W. M., McGuire, V. L., and McMahon, P. B.: Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 9320–9325, 2012b.
Schilling, K. E. and Zhang, Y. K.: Temporal scaling of groundwater level fluctuations near a stream, Ground Water, 50, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00804.x, 2012.
Scott, M. L., Shafroth, P. B., and Auble, G. T.: Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines, Environ. Manage., 23, 347–358, 1999.
Scott, R. L., Shuttleworth, W. J., Goodrich, D. C., and Maddock, T.: The water use of two dominant vegetation communities in a semiarid riparian ecosystem, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 105, 241–256, 2000.
Scott, R. L., Edwards, E., Shuttleworth, W., Huxman, T., Watts, C., and Goodrich, D.: Interannual and seasonal variation in fluxes of water and carbon dioxide from a riparian woodland ecosystem, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 122, 65–84, 2004.
Scott, R. L., Huxman, T. E., Cable, W. L., and Emmerich, W. E.: Partitioning of evapotranspiration and its relation to carbon dioxide exchange in a Chihuahuan Desert shrubland, Hydrol. Process., 20, 3227–3243, 2006a.
Scott, R. L., Huxman, T. E., Williams, D. G., and Goodrich, D. C.: Ecohydrological impacts of woody-plant encroachment: seasonal patterns of water and carbon dioxide exchange within a semiarid riparian environment, Global Change Biol., 12, 311–324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01093.x, 2006b.
Scott, R. L., Cable, W. L., Huxman, T. E., Nagler, P. L., Hernandez, M., and Goodrich, D. C.: Multiyear riparian evapotranspiration and groundwater use for a semiarid watershed, J. Arid Environ., 72, 1232–1246, 2008.
Scurlock, D.: From the Rio to the Sierra: An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 1998.
Seckler, D., Barker, R., and Amarasinghe, U.: Water scarcity in the twenty-first century, Int. J. Water Res. Dev., 15, 29–42, 1999.
Shafroth, P. B., Cleverly, J. R., Dudley, T. L., Taylor, J. P., Van Riper, C., Weeks, E. P., and Stuart, J. N.: Control of Tamarix in the Western United States: Implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration, Environ. Manage., 35, 231–246, 2005.
Shah, J. J. F. and Dahm, C. N.: Flood regime and leaf fall determine soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics in semiarid riparian forests, Ecol. Appl., 18, 771–788, 2008.
Shah, N., Nachabe, M., and Ross, M.: Extinction depth and evapotranspiration from ground water under selected land covers. Ground Water, 45, 329–338, 2007.
Shiklomanov, I. A.: World water resources: A new appraisal and assessment for the 21st century, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2008.
Smith, S. D., Devitt, D. A., Sala, A., Cleverly, J. R., and Busch, D. E.: Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions, Wetlands, 18, 687–696, 1998.
Soylu, M. E., Lenters, J. D., Istanbulluoglu, E., and Loheide II, S. P.: On evapotranspiration and shallow groundwater fluctuations: A Fourier-based improvement to the White method, Water Resour. Res., 48, W06506, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010964, 2012.
Sperry, J. S., Meinzer, F. C., and McCulloh, K. A.: Safety and efficiency conflicts in hydraulic architecture: scaling from tissues to trees, Plant Cell Environ., 31, 632–645, 2008.
Stock, W. D., Bourke, L., and Froend, R. H.: Dendroecological indicators of historical responses of pines to water and nutrient availability on a superficial aquifer in south-western Australia, Forest Ecol. Manage., 264, 108–114, 2012.
Stromberg, J. C., Tiller, R., and Richter, B.: Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: The San Pedro, Arizona, Ecol. Appl., 6, 113–131, 1996.
Stromberg, J. C., Lite, S. J., Rychener, T. J., Levick, L. R., Dixon, M. D., and Watts, J. M.: Status of the riparian ecosystem in the upper San Pedro River, Arizona: Application of an assessment model, Environ. Monit. Assess., 115, 145–173, 2006.
Stromberg, J. C., Beauchamp, V. B., Dixon, M. D., Lite, S. J., and Paradzick, C.: Importance of low-flow and high-flow characteristics to restoration of riparian vegetation along rivers in and south-western United States, Freshwater Biol., 52, 651–679, 2007.
Stromberg, J. C., Lite, S. J., and Dixon, M. D.: Effects of stream flow patterns on riparian vegetation of a semiarid river: implications for a changing climate, River Res. Appl., 26, 712–729, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1272, 2010.
Sun, A. Y.: Predicting groundwater level changes using GRACE data, Water Resour. Res., 49, 5900–5912, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20421, 2013.
Syed, T. H., Famiglietti, J. S., and Chambers, D. P.: GRACE-based estimates of terrestrial freshwater discharge from basin to continental scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 10, 22–40, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM993.1, 2009.
Tapley, B. D., Bettadpur, S., Watkins, M., and Reigber, C.: The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09607, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019920, 2004.
Thorburn, P. J., Walker, G. R., and Woods, P. H.: Comparison of diffuse discharge from shallow-water tables in soils and salt flats, J. Hydrol., 136, 253–274, 1992.
Thorburn, P. J., Hatton, T., and Walker, G. R.: Combining measurements of transpiration and stable isotopes to determine groundwater discharge from forests, J. Hydrol., 150, 563–587, 1993.
Tweed, S. O., LeBlanc, M., Webb, J. A., and Lubczynski, M. W.: Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments, southeastern Australia, Hydrogeol. J., 15, 75–96, 2007.
van Hylckama, T. E. A.: Water use by salt cedar, Water Resour. Res., 6, 728–735, 1970.
Wada, Y., Van Beek, L. P. H., Van Kempen, C. M., Reckman, J. W. T. M., Vasak, S., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Global depletion of groundwater resources, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl044571, 2010.
Wang, P., Zhang, Y. C., Yu, J. J., Fu, G. B., and Ao, F.: Vegetation dynamics induced by groundwater flucturations in the lower Heihe River Basin northwestern China, J. Plant Ecol., 4, 77–90, 2011.
Wang, P., Yu, J. J., Pozdniakov, S. P., Grinevsky, S. O., and Liu, C. M.: Shallow groundwater dynamics and its driving forces in extremely arid areas: a case study of the lower Heihe River in northwestern China, Hydrol. Process., 28, 1539–1553, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9682, 2014.
White, W. N.: A method of estimating ground-water supplies based on discharge by plants and evaporation from soil: Results of investigations in Escalante Valley, Utah, in: Interior, US Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., p. 105, 1932.
Whitley, R. and Eamus, D.: How much water does a woodland or plantation use: a review of some measurement methods, Land & Water Australia, Canberra, 2009.
Wilcox, L. J., Bowman, R. S., and Shafike, N. G.: Evaluation of Rio Grande management alternatives using a surface-water/ground-water model, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 43, 1595–1603, 2007.
Wright, I. J., Groom, P. K., Lamont, B. B., Poot, P., Prior, L. D., Reich, P. B., Schulze, E. D., Veneklaas, E. J., and Westoby, M.: Leaf trait relationships in Australian plant species, Funct. Plant. Biol., 31, 551–558, 2004.
Xiao, S. C., Xiao, H. L., Peng, X. M., and Tian, Q. Y.: Intra-annual stem diameter growth of Tamarix ramosissima and association with hydroclimatic factors in the lower reaches of China's Heihe River, J. Arid Land, 6, 498–510, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-013-0248-x, 2014.
Yang, H., Yang, D., Lie, Z., and Sun, F.: New analytical derivation of the mean annual water energy balance equation, Water Resour. Res., 44, W03410, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006135, 2008.
Yang, X., Smith, P. L., Yu, T., and Gao, H.: Estimating ET from terrestrial GDEs using Landsat images, Int. J. Dig. Earth., 4, 154–170, 2011.
Yuan, W. P, Liu, S. G., Yu, G. R., Bonnefond, J. M., Chen, J. Q., Davis, K., Desai, A. R., Goldstein, A. H., Gianelle, D., Rossi, F., Suyker, A. E., and Verma, S. B.: Global estimates of evapotranspiration and gross primary production based on MODIS and global meteorology data, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 1416–1431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.01.022, 2010.
Zencich, S. J., Froend, R. H., Turner, J. V., and Gailitis, V.: Influence of groundwater depth on the seasonal sources of water accessed by Banksia tree species on a shallow, sandy coastal aquifer, Oecologia, 131, 8–19, 2002.
Zeppel, M.: Convergence of tree water use and hydraulic architecture in water-limited regions: a review and synthesis, Ecohydrology, 6, 889–900, 2013.
Zhang, L., Hickel, K., Dawes, W. R., Cheiw, F. H. S., Western, A. W., and Briggs, P. R.: A rational function approach for estimating mean annual evapotranspiration, Water Resour. Res., 40, W02502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002710, 2004.
Zinko, U., Seibert, J., Merritt, D. M., Dynesius, M., and Nilsson, C.: Plant species numbers predicted by a topography-based groundwater flow index, Ecosystems, 8, 430–441, 2005.
Zolfaghar, S.: Comparative ecophysiology of Eucalyptus woodlands along a depth-to-groundwater gradient, PhD thesis, University of Technology, Sydney, 228 pp., 2014.
Zunzunegui, M., Barradas, M. C. D., and Novo, F. G.: Different phenotypic responses of Halimium halimifolium in relation to groundwater availability, Plant Ecol., 148, 165–174, 2000.
Zweifel, R., Zimmermann, L., and Newbery, D. M.: Modelling tree water deficit from microclimate: an approach to quantifying drought stress, Tree Physiol., 25, 147–156, 2005.
Short summary
In this review, we discuss a range of techniques, including remote sensing, for identifying groundwater-dependent ecosystems and determining rates of water use by GDEs. In addition, gravity recovery satellite data are discussed in relation to changes in soil and groundwater stores. Ecophysiological and structural attributes of GDEs are reviewed, from which we present an integrated ecosystem-scale response as a function of differences in depth-to-groundwater.
In this review, we discuss a range of techniques, including remote sensing, for identifying...
