Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5219-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5219-2021
Technical note
 | 
27 Sep 2021
Technical note |  | 27 Sep 2021

Technical note: Unresolved aspects of the direct vapor equilibration method for stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H) of matrix-bound water: unifying protocols through empirical and mathematical scrutiny

Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, and Markus Weiler

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Cited articles

Araguás-Araguás, L., Rozanski, K., Gonfiantini, R., and Louvat, D.: Isotope effects accompanying vacuum extraction of soil water for stable isotope analyses, J. Hydrol., 168, 159–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02636-P, 1995. 
Bachmat, Y. and Bear, J.: On the Concept and Size of a Representative Elementary Volume (Rev), in: Advances in Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, edited by: Bear, J. and Corapcioglu, M. Y., NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 128, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3625-6_1, 1987. 
Bertrand, G., Masini, J., Goldscheider, N., Meeks, J., Lavastre, V., Celle-Jeanton, H., Gobat, J.-M., and Hunkeler, D.: Determination of spatiotemporal variability of tree water uptake using stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) in an alluvial system supplied by a high-altitude watershed, Pfyn forest, Switzerland, Ecohydrology, 7, 319–333, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1347, 2014. 
Boumaiza, L., Chesnaux, R., Walter, J., and Stumpp, C.: Assessing groundwater recharge and transpiration in a humid northern region dominated by snowmelt using vadose-zone depth profiles, Hydrogeol. J., 28, 2315–2329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02204-z, 2020. 
Brand, W. A., Geilmann, H., Crosson, E. R., and Rella, C. W.: Cavity ring-down spectroscopy versus high-temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry; a case study on δ2H and δ18O of pure water samples and alcohol/water mixtures, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 23, 1879–1884, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4083, 2009. 
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Short summary
We scrutinized the quickest currently available method for stable isotope analysis of matrix-bound water. Simulating common procedures, we demonstrated the limits of certain materials currently used and identified a reliable and cost-efficient alternative. Further, we calculated the optimum proportions of important protocol aspects critical for precise and accurate analyses. Our unifying protocol suggestions increase data quality and comparability as well as the method's general applicability.