Articles | Volume 24, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2379-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2379-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 May 2020
Research article |
| 11 May 2020
| 11 May 2020
Modeling inorganic carbon dynamics in the Seine River continuum in France
Audrey Marescaux
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace FR 636, UMR 7619 METIS, Paris, France
Vincent Thieu
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace FR 636, UMR 7619 METIS, Paris, France
Nathalie Gypens
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ecologie des Systèmes
Aquatiques, Brussels, Belgium
Marie Silvestre
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Federation Ile-de-France of Research
for the Environment FR3020, Paris, France
Josette Garnier
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace FR 636, UMR 7619 METIS, Paris, France
Related authors
Shuaitao Wang, Vincent Thieu, Gilles Billen, Josette Garnier, Marie Silvestre, Audrey Marescaux, Xingcheng Yan, and Nicolas Flipo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 449–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents unified RIVE v1.0, a unified version of the freshwater biogeochemistry model RIVE. It harmonizes different RIVE implementations, providing the referenced formalisms for microorganism activities to describe full biogeochemical cycles in the water column (e.g., carbon, nutrients, oxygen). Implemented as open-source projects in Python 3 (pyRIVE 1.0) and ANSI C (C-RIVE 0.32), unified RIVE v1.0 promotes and enhances collaboration among research teams and public services.
Camille Minaudo, Andras Abonyi, Carles Alcaraz, Jacob Diamond, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Michael Rode, Estela Romero, Vincent Thieu, Fred Worrall, Qian Zhang, and Xavier Benito
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-58, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Many waterbodies undergo nutrient decline globally, called oligotrophication, but a comprehensive dataset to understand ecosystem responses is lacking. The OLIGOTREND database comprises multi-decadal chlorophyll-a and nutrient timeseries from rivers, lakes, and estuaries with 4.3 million observations from 1,894 unique measurement locations. The database provides empirical evidence for oligotrophication responses with a spatial and temporal coverage exceeding previous efforts.
Shuaitao Wang, Vincent Thieu, Gilles Billen, Josette Garnier, Marie Silvestre, Audrey Marescaux, Xingcheng Yan, and Nicolas Flipo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 449–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents unified RIVE v1.0, a unified version of the freshwater biogeochemistry model RIVE. It harmonizes different RIVE implementations, providing the referenced formalisms for microorganism activities to describe full biogeochemical cycles in the water column (e.g., carbon, nutrients, oxygen). Implemented as open-source projects in Python 3 (pyRIVE 1.0) and ANSI C (C-RIVE 0.32), unified RIVE v1.0 promotes and enhances collaboration among research teams and public services.
Xi Wei, Josette Garnier, Vincent Thieu, Paul Passy, Romain Le Gendre, Gilles Billen, Maia Akopian, and Goulven Gildas Laruelle
Biogeosciences, 19, 931–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum and are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities. We calculated nutrient in and out fluxes by using a 1-D transient model for seven estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. Among these, large estuaries with high residence times showed higher retention rates than medium and small ones. All reveal coastal eutrophication due to the excess of diffused nitrogen from intensive agricultural river basins.
Related subject area
Subject: Rivers and Lakes | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
How seasonal hydroclimate variability drives the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of small lake systems in semiarid environments
Learning from a large-scale calibration effort of multiple lake temperature models
The influence of permafrost and other environmental factors on stream thermal sensitivity across Yukon, Canada
Assessing national exposure to and impact of glacial lake outburst floods considering uncertainty under data sparsity
Modeling Lake Titicaca's water balance: the dominant roles of precipitation and evaporation
Effect of floodplain trees on apparent friction coefficient in straight compound channels
The role of neotectonics and climate variability in the Pleistocene-to-Holocene hydrological evolution of the Fuente de Piedra playa lake (southern Iberian Peninsula)
On the cause of large daily river flow fluctuations in the Mekong River
A hybrid data-driven approach to analyze the drivers of lake level dynamics
Machine Learning in Stream/River Water Temperature Modelling: a review and metrics for evaluation
Estimating velocity distribution and flood discharge at river bridges using entropy theory – insights from computational fluid dynamics flow fields
Isotopic evaluation of the National Water Model reveals missing agricultural irrigation contributions to streamflow across the western United States
Timing of spring events changes under modelled future climate scenarios in a mesotrophic lake
Effects of high-quality elevation data and explanatory variables on the accuracy of flood inundation mapping via Height Above Nearest Drainage
Understanding the compound flood risk along the coast of the contiguous United States
Benchmarking high-resolution hydrologic model performance of long-term retrospective streamflow simulations in the contiguous United States
Sources of skill in lake temperature, discharge and ice-off seasonal forecasting tools
Past and future climate change effects on the thermal regime and oxygen solubility of four peri-alpine lakes
Exploring tracer information in a small stream to improve parameter identifiability and enhance the process interpretation in transient storage models
How do inorganic nitrogen processing pathways change quantitatively at daily, seasonal, and multiannual scales in a large agricultural stream?
Seasonal forecasting of lake water quality and algal bloom risk using a continuous Gaussian Bayesian network
Spatially referenced Bayesian state-space model of total phosphorus in western Lake Erie
Future water temperature of rivers in Switzerland under climate change investigated with physics-based models
Physical controls and a priori estimation of raising land surface elevation across the southwestern Bangladesh delta using tidal river management
Evaluation and interpretation of convolutional long short-term memory networks for regional hydrological modelling
Synthesizing the impacts of baseflow contribution on concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships across Australia using a Bayesian hierarchical model
Calibrating 1D hydrodynamic river models in the absence of cross-section geometry using satellite observations of water surface elevation and river width
A global algorithm for identifying changing streamflow regimes: application to Canadian natural streams (1966–2010)
Streamflow drought: implication of drought definitions and its application for drought forecasting
Quantifying floodwater impacts on a lake water budget via volume-dependent transient stable isotope mass balance
River runoff in Switzerland in a changing climate – changes in moderate extremes and their seasonality
River runoff in Switzerland in a changing climate – runoff regime changes and their time of emergence
Machine-learning methods for stream water temperature prediction
Bathymetry and latitude modify lake warming under ice
Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years
Reservoir evaporation in a Mediterranean climate: comparing direct methods in Alqueva Reservoir, Portugal
Diverging hydrological drought traits over Europe with global warming
Anthropogenic influence on the Rhine water temperatures
A new form of the Saint-Venant equations for variable topography
Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy
Assessment of the geomorphic effectiveness of controlled floods in a braided river using a reduced-complexity numerical model
Worldwide lake level trends and responses to background climate variation
A data-based predictive model for spatiotemporal variability in stream water quality
Flooding in the Mekong Delta: the impact of dyke systems on downstream hydrodynamics
Reconstruction of the 1941 GLOF process chain at Lake Palcacocha (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)
Historical modelling of changes in Lake Erken thermal conditions
Improving lake mixing process simulations in the Community Land Model by using K profile parameterization
Upgraded global mapping information for earth system modelling: an application to surface water depth at the ECMWF
Sediment transport modelling in riverine environments: on the importance of grain-size distribution, sediment density, and suspended sediment concentrations at the upstream boundary
Replication of ecologically relevant hydrological indicators following a modified covariance approach to hydrological model parameterization
Claudia Voigt, Fernando Gázquez, Lucía Martegani, Ana Isabel Sánchez Villanueva, Antonio Medina, Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa, Juan Jiménez-Millán, and Miguel Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1783–1806, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1783-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1783-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research explores the use of a new isotope tracer, 17O excess, to better understand how hydrological processes drive large seasonal water level changes in small lakes in semiarid regions. The study shows that triple oxygen isotopes offer a more detailed understanding of these changes compared to traditional methods. These findings are valuable for reconstructing past climates and predicting how climate change, influenced by human activity, will affect small lakes in these dry areas.
Johannes Feldbauer, Jorrit P. Mesman, Tobias K. Andersen, and Robert Ladwig
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1183–1199, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1183-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1183-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Models help to understand natural systems and are used to predict changes based on scenarios (e.g., climate change). To simulate water temperature and deduce impacts on water quality in lakes, 1D lake models are often used. There are several such models that differ regarding their assumptions and mathematical process description. This study examines the performance of four such models on a global dataset of 73 lakes and relates their performance to the model structure and lake characteristics.
Andras J. Szeitz and Sean K. Carey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1083–1101, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1083-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1083-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Stream temperature sensitivity in northern regions responds to many of the same environmental controls as in temperate regions, but the presence of annually frozen ground (permafrost) influences catchment hydrology and stream temperature regimes. Permafrost can have positive and negative influences on thermal regimes. The net effect of northern environmental change on stream temperature is complex and uncertain, but permafrost will likely play a role through its control on cold region hydrology.
Huili Chen, Qiuhua Liang, Jiaheng Zhao, and Sudan Bikash Maharjan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 733–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-733-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-733-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause serious damage. To assess their risks, we developed an innovative framework using remote sensing, Bayesian models, flood modelling, and open-source data. This enables us to evaluate GLOFs on a national scale, despite limited data and challenges accessing high-altitude lakes. We evaluated dangerous lakes in Nepal, identifying those most at risk. This work is crucial for understanding GLOF risks, and the framework can be transferred to other areas.
Nilo Lima-Quispe, Denis Ruelland, Antoine Rabatel, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, and Thomas Condom
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 655–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-655-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-655-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study estimated the water balance of Lake Titicaca using an integrated modeling framework that considers natural hydrological processes and net irrigation consumption. The proposed approach was implemented at a daily scale for a period of 35 years. This framework is able to simulate lake water levels with good accuracy over a wide range of hydroclimatic conditions. The findings demonstrate that a simple representation of hydrological processes is suitable for use in poorly gauged regions.
Adam P. Kozioł, Adam Kiczko, Marcin Krukowski, Elżbieta Kubrak, Janusz Kubrak, Grzegorz Majewski, and Andrzej Brandyk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 535–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-535-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-535-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Floodplain trees play a crucial role in increasing flow resistance. Their impact extends beyond floodplains to affect the main channel. The experiments reveal the influence of floodplain trees on the discharge capacity of channels with varying roughness. We determine resistance coefficients for different roughness levels of the main channel bottom. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of open-channel flow dynamics and has practical implications for river engineering.
Alejandro Jiménez-Bonilla, Lucía Martegani, Miguel Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando Gázquez, Manuel Díaz-Azpíroz, Sergio Martos, Klaus Reicherter, and Inmaculada Expósito
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5311–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5311-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an interdisciplinary study of the Fuente de Piedra playa lake's evolution in southern Spain. We made water balances for the Fuente de Piedra playa lake's lifespan. Our results indicate that the Fuente de Piedra playa lake's level moved and tilted south-west, which was caused by active faults.
Khosro Morovati, Keer Zhang, Lidi Shi, Yadu Pokhrel, Maozhou Wu, Paradis Someth, Sarann Ly, and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5133–5147, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines large daily river flow fluctuations in the dammed Mekong River, developing integrated 3D hydrodynamic and response time models alongside a hydrological model with an embedded reservoir module. This approach allows estimation of travel times between hydrological stations and contributions of subbasins and upstream regions. Findings show a power correlation between upstream discharge and travel time, and significant fluctuations occurred even before dam construction.
Márk Somogyvári, Dieter Scherer, Frederik Bart, Ute Fehrenbach, Akpona Okujeni, and Tobias Krueger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4331–4348, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the drivers behind the changes in lake levels, creating a series of models from least to most complex. In this study, we have shown that the decreasing levels of Groß Glienicker Lake in Germany are not simply the result of changes in climate but are affected by other processes. In our example, reduced inflow from a growing forest, regionally sinking groundwater levels and the modifications in the local rainwater infrastructure together resulted in an increasing lake level loss.
Claudia Rebecca Corona and Terri Sue Hogue
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-256, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-256, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Stream water temperature (SWT) is a key indicator of water quality that benefits public use and aquatic life health. Advances in computer modeling have helped improve our understanding of SWT dynamics, but challenges remain. Recently, scientists have begun to use machine learning (ML) in SWT modeling, but it is unclear how ML is increasing our understanding of SWT causes and effects. This work reviews the application of ML in SWT modeling and discusses where there is still room for improvement.
Farhad Bahmanpouri, Tommaso Lazzarin, Silvia Barbetta, Tommaso Moramarco, and Daniele P. Viero
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3717–3737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The entropy model is a reliable tool to estimate flood discharge in rivers using observed level and surface velocity. Often, level and velocity sensors are placed on bridges, which may disturb the flow. Using accurate numerical models, we explored the entropy model reliability nearby a multi-arch bridge. We found that it is better to place sensors and to estimate the discharge upstream of bridges; downstream, the entropy model needs the river-wide distribution of surface velocity as input data.
Annie L. Putman, Patrick C. Longley, Morgan C. McDonnell, James Reddy, Michelle Katoski, Olivia L. Miller, and J. Renée Brooks
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2895–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accuracy of streamflow estimates where water management and use are prevalent, such as the western US, reflect hydrologic modeling decisions. To evaluate process inclusion decisions, we equipped a hydrologic model with tracers and compared estimates to observations. The tracer-equipped model performed well, and differences between the model and observations suggest that the inclusion of water from irrigation may improve model performance in this region.
Jorrit P. Mesman, Inmaculada C. Jiménez-Navarro, Ana I. Ayala, Javier Senent-Aparicio, Dennis Trolle, and Don C. Pierson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1791–1802, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1791-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Spring events in lakes are key processes for ecosystem functioning. We used a coupled catchment–lake model to investigate future changes in the timing of spring discharge, ice-off, spring phytoplankton peak, and onset of stratification in a mesotrophic lake. We found a clear trend towards earlier occurrence under climate warming but also that relative shifts in the timing occurred, such as onset of stratification advancing more slowly than the other events.
Fernando Aristizabal, Taher Chegini, Gregory Petrochenkov, Fernando Salas, and Jasmeet Judge
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1287–1315, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods are significant natural disasters that affect people and property. This study uses a simplified terrain index and the latest lidar-derived digital elevation maps (DEMs) to investigate flood inundation extent quality. We examined inundation quality influenced by different spatial resolutions and other variables. Results showed that lidar DEMs enhance inundation quality, but their resolution is less impactful in our context. Further studies on reservoirs and urban flooding are recommended.
Dongyu Feng, Zeli Tan, Donghui Xu, and L. Ruby Leung
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3911–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the flood risks concurrently induced by river flooding and coastal storm surge along the coast of the contiguous United States using statistical and numerical models. We reveal a few hotspots of such risks, the critical spatial variabilities within a river basin and over the whole US coast, and the uncertainties of the risk assessment. We highlight the importance of weighing different risk measures to avoid underestimating or exaggerating the compound flood impacts.
Erin Towler, Sydney S. Foks, Aubrey L. Dugger, Jesse E. Dickinson, Hedeff I. Essaid, David Gochis, Roland J. Viger, and Yongxin Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1809–1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrologic models developed to assess water availability need to be systematically evaluated. This study evaluates the long-term performance of two high-resolution hydrologic models that simulate streamflow across the contiguous United States. Both models show similar performance overall and regionally, with better performance in minimally disturbed basins than in those impacted by human activity. At about 80 % of the sites, both models outperform the seasonal climatological benchmark.
François Clayer, Leah Jackson-Blake, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Muhammed Shikhani, Andrew French, Tadhg Moore, James Sample, Magnus Norling, Maria-Dolores Frias, Sixto Herrera, Elvira de Eyto, Eleanor Jennings, Karsten Rinke, Leon van der Linden, and Rafael Marcé
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1361–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1361-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1361-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed the predictive skill of forecasting tools over the next season for water discharge and lake temperature. Tools were forced with seasonal weather predictions; however, most of the prediction skill originates from legacy effects and not from seasonal weather predictions. Yet, when skills from seasonal weather predictions are present, additional skill comes from interaction effects. Skilful lake seasonal predictions require better weather predictions and realistic antecedent conditions.
Olivia Desgué-Itier, Laura Melo Vieira Soares, Orlane Anneville, Damien Bouffard, Vincent Chanudet, Pierre Alain Danis, Isabelle Domaizon, Jean Guillard, Théo Mazure, Najwa Sharaf, Frédéric Soulignac, Viet Tran-Khac, Brigitte Vinçon-Leite, and Jean-Philippe Jenny
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 837–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term effects of climate change will include an increase in lake surface and deep water temperatures. Incorporating up to 6 decades of limnological monitoring into an improved 1D lake model approach allows us to predict the thermal regime and oxygen solubility in four peri-alpine lakes over the period 1850–2100. Our modeling approach includes a revised selection of forcing variables and provides a way to investigate the impacts of climate variations on lakes for centennial timescales.
Enrico Bonanno, Günter Blöschl, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6003–6028, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6003-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6003-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is an unclear understanding of which processes regulate the transport of water, solutes, and pollutants in streams. This is crucial since these processes control water quality in river networks. Compared to other approaches, we obtained clearer insights into the processes controlling solute transport in the investigated reach. This work highlights the risks of using uncertain results for interpreting the processes controlling water movement in streams.
Jingshui Huang, Dietrich Borchardt, and Michael Rode
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5817–5833, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5817-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we set up a water quality model using a 5-year paired high-frequency water quality dataset from a large agricultural stream. The simulations were compared with the 15 min interval measurements and showed very good fits. Based on these, we quantified the N uptake pathway rates and efficiencies at daily, seasonal, and yearly scales. This study offers an overarching understanding of N processing in large agricultural streams across different temporal scales.
Leah A. Jackson-Blake, François Clayer, Sigrid Haande, James E. Sample, and S. Jannicke Moe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3103–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a Gaussian Bayesian network (GBN) for seasonal forecasting of lake water quality and algal bloom risk in a nutrient-impacted lake in southern Norway. Bayesian networks are powerful tools for environmental modelling but are almost exclusively discrete. We demonstrate that a continuous GBN is a promising alternative approach. Predictive performance of the GBN was similar or improved compared to a discrete network, and it was substantially less time-consuming and subjective to develop.
Timothy J. Maguire, Craig A. Stow, and Casey M. Godwin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1993–2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1993-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1993-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water within large water bodies is constantly moving. Consequently, water movement masks causal relationships that exist between rivers and lakes. Incorporating water movement into models of nutrient concentration allows us to predict concentrations at unobserved locations and at observed locations on days not sampled. Our modeling approach does this while accommodating nutrient concentration data from multiple sources and provides a way to experimentally define the impact of rivers on lakes.
Adrien Michel, Bettina Schaefli, Nander Wever, Harry Zekollari, Michael Lehning, and Hendrik Huwald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1063–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1063-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1063-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an extensive study of climate change impacts on river temperature in Switzerland. Results show that, even for low-emission scenarios, water temperature increase will lead to adverse effects for both ecosystems and socio-economic sectors throughout the 21st century. For high-emission scenarios, the effect will worsen. This study also shows that water seasonal warming will be different between the Alpine regions and the lowlands. Finally, efficiency of models is assessed.
Md Feroz Islam, Paul P. Schot, Stefan C. Dekker, Jasper Griffioen, and Hans Middelkoop
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 903–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-903-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-903-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The potential of sedimentation in the lowest parts of polders (beels) through controlled flooding with dike breach (tidal river management – TRM) to counterbalance relative sea level rise (RSLR) in 234 beels of SW Bangladesh is determined in this study, using 2D models and multiple regression. Lower beels located closer to the sea have the highest potential. Operating TRM only during the monsoon season is sufficient to raise the land surface of most beels by more than 3 times the yearly RSLR.
Sam Anderson and Valentina Radić
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 795–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-795-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-795-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop and interpret a spatiotemporal deep learning model for regional streamflow prediction at more than 200 stream gauge stations in western Canada. We find the novel modelling style to work very well for daily streamflow prediction. Importantly, we interpret model learning to show that it has learned to focus on physically interpretable and physically relevant information, which is a highly desirable quality of machine-learning-based hydrological models.
Danlu Guo, Camille Minaudo, Anna Lintern, Ulrike Bende-Michl, Shuci Liu, Kefeng Zhang, and Clément Duvert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of baseflow contribution on concentration–flow (C–Q) relationships across the Australian continent. We developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical model for six water quality variables across 157 catchments that span five climate zones. For sediments and nutrients, the C–Q slope is generally steeper for catchments with a higher median and a greater variability of baseflow contribution, highlighting the key role of variable flow pathways in particulate and solute export.
Liguang Jiang, Silja Westphal Christensen, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6359–6379, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6359-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6359-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
River roughness and geometry are essential to hydraulic river models. However, measurements of these quantities are not available in most rivers globally. Nevertheless, simultaneous calibration of channel geometric parameters and roughness is difficult as they compensate for each other. This study introduces an alternative approach of parameterization and calibration that reduces parameter correlations by combining cross-section geometry and roughness into a conveyance parameter.
Masoud Zaerpour, Shadi Hatami, Javad Sadri, and Ali Nazemi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5193–5217, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5193-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5193-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow regimes are changing globally particularly in cold regions. We develop a novel algorithm for detecting shifting streamflow regimes using changes in first and second moments of ensemble streamflow features. This algorithm is generic and can be used globally. To showcase its application, we assess alterations in Canadian natural streams from 1966 to 2010 to provide the first temporally consistent, pan-Canadian assessment of change in natural streamflow regimes, coast to coast to coast.
Samuel J. Sutanto and Henny A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3991–4023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3991-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3991-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the differences within streamflow droughts derived using different identification approaches, namely the variable threshold, fixed threshold, and the Standardized Streamflow Index, including an analysis of both historical drought and implications for forecasting. Our results clearly show that streamflow droughts derived from different approaches deviate from each other in terms of drought occurrence, timing, duration, and deficit volume.
Janie Masse-Dufresne, Florent Barbecot, Paul Baudron, and John Gibson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3731–3757, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3731-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3731-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A volume-dependent transient isotopic mass balance model was developed for an artificial lake in Canada, in a context where direct measurements of surface water fluxes are difficult. It revealed that floodwater inputs affected the dynamics of the lake in spring but also significantly influenced the long-term water balance due to temporary subsurface storage of floodwater. Such models are paramount for understanding the vulnerability of lakes to changes in groundwater quantity and quality.
Regula Muelchi, Ole Rössler, Jan Schwanbeck, Rolf Weingartner, and Olivia Martius
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3577–3594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses changes in magnitude, frequency, and seasonality of moderate low and high flows for 93 catchments in Switzerland. In lower-lying catchments (below 1500 m a.s.l.), moderate low-flow magnitude (frequency) will decrease (increase). In Alpine catchments (above 1500 m a.s.l.), moderate low-flow magnitude (frequency) will increase (decrease). Moderate high flows tend to occur more frequent, and their magnitude increases in most catchments except some Alpine catchments.
Regula Muelchi, Ole Rössler, Jan Schwanbeck, Rolf Weingartner, and Olivia Martius
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3071–3086, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3071-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3071-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Runoff regimes in Switzerland will change significantly under climate change. Projected changes are strongly elevation dependent with earlier time of emergence and stronger changes in high-elevation catchments where snowmelt and glacier melt play an important role. The magnitude of change and the climate model agreement on the sign increase with increasing global mean temperatures and stronger emission scenarios. This amplification highlights the importance of climate change mitigation.
Moritz Feigl, Katharina Lebiedzinski, Mathew Herrnegger, and Karsten Schulz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2951–2977, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2951-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2951-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we developed machine learning approaches for daily river water temperature prediction, using different data preprocessing methods, six model types, a range of different data inputs and 10 study catchments. By comparing to current state-of-the-art models, we could show a significant improvement of prediction performance of the tested approaches. Furthermore, we could gain insight into the relationships between model types, input data and predicted stream water temperature.
Cintia L. Ramón, Hugo N. Ulloa, Tomy Doda, Kraig B. Winters, and Damien Bouffard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1813–1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1813-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1813-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
When solar radiation penetrates the frozen surface of lakes, shallower zones underneath warm faster than deep interior waters. This numerical study shows that the transport of excess heat to the lake interior depends on the lake circulation, affected by Earth's rotation, and controls the lake warming rates and the spatial distribution of the heat flux across the ice–water interface. This work contributes to the understanding of the circulation and thermal structure patterns of ice-covered lakes.
Robert Ladwig, Paul C. Hanson, Hilary A. Dugan, Cayelan C. Carey, Yu Zhang, Lele Shu, Christopher J. Duffy, and Kelly M. Cobourn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1009–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1009-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1009-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a modeling framework applied to 37 years of dissolved oxygen time series data from Lake Mendota, we identified the timing and intensity of thermal energy stored in the lake water column, the lake's resilience to mixing, and surface primary production as the most important drivers of interannual dynamics of low oxygen concentrations at the lake bottom. Due to climate change, we expect an increase in the spatial and temporal extent of low oxygen concentrations in Lake Mendota.
Carlos Miranda Rodrigues, Madalena Moreira, Rita Cabral Guimarães, and Miguel Potes
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5973–5984, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5973-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5973-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In Mediterranean environments, evaporation is a key component of reservoir water budgets. Prediction of surface evaporation becomes crucial for adequate reservoir water management. This study provides an applicable method for calculating evaporation based on pan measurements applied at Alqueva Reservoir (southern Portugal), one of the largest artificial lakes in Europe. Moreover, the methodology presented here could be applied to other Mediterranean reservoirs.
Carmelo Cammalleri, Gustavo Naumann, Lorenzo Mentaschi, Bernard Bisselink, Emiliano Gelati, Ad De Roo, and Luc Feyen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5919–5935, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is anticipated to alter the demand and supply of water at the earth's surface. This study shows how hydrological droughts will change across Europe with increasing global warming levels, showing that at 3 K global warming an additional 11 million people and 4.5 ×106 ha of agricultural land will be exposed to droughts every year, on average. These effects are mostly located in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of Europe.
Alex Zavarsky and Lars Duester
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5027–5041, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5027-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5027-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
River water temperature is an important parameter for water quality and an important variable for physical, chemical and biological processes. River water is also used as a cooling agent by power plants and production facilities. We study long-term trends in river water temperature and correlate them to meteorological influences and power production or economic indices.
Cheng-Wei Yu, Ben R. Hodges, and Frank Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4001–4024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4001-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4001-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the effects of bottom slope discontinuity on the stability of numerical solutions for the Saint-Venant equations. A new reference slope concept is proposed to ensure smooth source terms and eliminate potential numerical oscillations. It is shown that a simple algebraic transformation of channel geometry provides a smooth reference slope while preserving the correct cross-sectional flow area and the piezometric pressure gradient that drives the flow.
Ana I. Ayala, Simone Moras, and Donald C. Pierson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3311–3330, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3311-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3311-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The impacts of different levels of global warming on the thermal structure of Lake Erken are assessed. We used the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) to simulate water temperature driven by meteorological scenarios supplied by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) and tested its ability at different frequencies. Then, daily ISIMIP meteorological scenarios were disaggregated and assessed for the effects of climate change on lake thermal structure.
Luca Ziliani, Nicola Surian, Gianluca Botter, and Luca Mao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3229–3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3229-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3229-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Although geomorphic recovery is a key issue in many rivers worldwide, controlled floods have been rarely designed using geomorphological criteria. An integrated approach is used to assess the effects of different controlled-flood scenarios in a strongly regulated river. None of the controlled-flood strategies provide significant morphological benefits. Nevertheless, this study represents a significant contribution for the management and restoration of highly disturbed rivers.
Benjamin M. Kraemer, Anton Seimon, Rita Adrian, and Peter B. McIntyre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2593–2608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lake levels go up and down due to natural variability in the climate. But the effects of natural variability on lake levels can sometimes be confused for the influence of humans. Here we used long-term data from 200 globally distributed lakes and an advanced statistical approach to show that the effects of natural variability on lake levels can be disentangled from other effects leading to better estimates of long-term changes that may be partially caused by humans.
Danlu Guo, Anna Lintern, J. Angus Webb, Dongryeol Ryu, Ulrike Bende-Michl, Shuci Liu, and Andrew William Western
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 827–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-827-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-827-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed predictive models to represent the spatial and temporal variation of stream water quality across Victoria, Australia. The model structures were informed by a data-driven approach, which identified the key controls of water quality variations from long-term records. These models are helpful to identify likely future changes in water quality and, in turn, provide critical information for developing management strategies to improve stream water quality.
Vo Quoc Thanh, Dano Roelvink, Mick van der Wegen, Johan Reyns, Herman Kernkamp, Giap Van Vinh, and Vo Thi Phuong Linh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 189–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-189-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-189-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is a rice bowl of not only Vietnam, but also the world; agriculture is the main source of livelihood in the delta. The VMD is facing threats related to water management and hydraulic structures. Dykes are built to protect agricultural crops in the floodplains and may influence water regimes downstream in the VMD. If the VMD floodplains are completely protected by dykes, yearly mean water levels could increase by 3 cm (at Can Tho) and 1.5 cm (at My Thuan).
Martin Mergili, Shiva P. Pudasaini, Adam Emmer, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Alejo Cochachin, and Holger Frey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-93-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-93-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In 1941, the glacial lagoon Lake Palcacocha in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) drained suddenly. The resulting outburst flood/debris flow consumed another lake and had a disastrous impact on the town of Huaraz 23 km downstream. We reconstuct this event through a numerical model to learn about the possibility of prediction of similar processes in the future. Remaining challenges consist of the complex process interactions and the lack of experience due to the rare occurrence of such process chains.
Simone Moras, Ana I. Ayala, and Don C. Pierson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5001–5016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5001-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5001-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We used a hydrodynamic model to reconstruct daily historical water temperature of Lake Erken (Sweden) between 1961 and 2017 to demonstrate the ongoing effect of climate change on lake thermal conditions. The results show that the lake has warmed most rapidly in the last 30 years and that it is now subject to a longer and more stable stratification. The methods used here to reconstruct historical water temperature records can be easily extended to other lakes.
Qunhui Zhang, Jiming Jin, Xiaochun Wang, Phaedra Budy, Nick Barrett, and Sarah E. Null
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4969–4982, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4969-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4969-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We improved lake mixing process simulations by applying a vertical mixing scheme, K profile parameterization (KPP), in the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The current vertical mixing scheme in CLM requires an arbitrarily enlarged eddy diffusivity to enhance water mixing. The coupled CLM-KPP considers a boundary layer for eddy development. The improved lake model provides an important tool for lake hydrology and ecosystem studies.
Margarita Choulga, Ekaterina Kourzeneva, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Souhail Boussetta, and Nils Wedi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4051–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4051-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4051-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes influence weather and climate of regions, especially if several of them are located close by. Just by using upgraded lake depths, based on new or more recent measurements and geological methods of depth estimation, errors of lake surface water forecasts produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts became 12–20 % lower compared with observations for 27 lakes collected by the Finnish Environment Institute. For ice-off date forecasts errors changed insignificantly.
Jérémy Lepesqueur, Renaud Hostache, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, and Christophe Hissler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3901–3915, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3901-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3901-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This article evaluates the influence of sediment representation in a sediment transport model. A short-term simulation is used to assess how far changing the sediment characteristics in the modelling experiment changes riverbed evolution and sediment redistribution during a small flood event. The study shows in particular that representing sediment with extended grain-size and grain-density distributions allows for improving model accuracy and performances.
Annie Visser-Quinn, Lindsay Beevers, and Sandhya Patidar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3279–3303, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3279-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3279-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The ecological impact of changes in river flow may be explored through the simulation of ecologically relevant flow indicators. Traditional approaches to model parameterization are not well-suited for this. To this end, this paper considers the ability of a
modified covariance approach, applied to five hydrologically diverse catchments. An overall improvement in consistency is observed, whilst timing and rate of change represent the best and worst replicated indicators respectively.
Cited articles
Abril, G., Bouillon, S., Darchambeau, F., Teodoru, C. R., Marwick, T. R.,
Tamooh, F., Ochieng Omengo, F., Geeraert, N., Deirmendjian, L., Polsenaere,
P., and Borges, A. V.: Technical Note: Large overestimation of pCO2 calculated from pH and alkalinity in acidic, organic-rich freshwaters, Biogeosciences, 12, 67–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-67-2015, 2015.
Aissa-Grouz, N., Garnier, J., and Billen, G.: Long trend reduction of phosphorus wastewater loading in the Seine: determination of phosphorus
speciation and sorption for modeling algal growth, Environ. Sci. Pollut.
Res., 25, 23515–23528, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7555-7, 2018.
Aksoy, E., Yigini, Y., and Montanarella, L.: Combining soil databases for topsoil organic carbon mapping in Europe, PLoS One, 11, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152098, 2016.
Albinet, M. : Piézométrie moyennes eaux de 1967: Carte hydrogéologique du bassin de Paris au 1∕500 000, Editions BRGM, Paris, 1967.
Alin, S. R., Rasera, M. M. D. F. F. L., Salimon, C. I., Richey, J. E.,
Holtgrieve, G. W., Krusche, A. V., and Snidvongs, A.: Physical controls on
carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux in low-gradient river systems and
implications for regional carbon budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G01009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001398, 2011.
Alshboul, Z., Encinas-Fernández, J., Hofmann, H., Lorke, A.,
Encinas-Ferna, J., Hofmann, H., Lorke, A., Encinas-Fernández, J.,
Hofmann, H., and Lorke, A.: Export of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide
with effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 50, 5555–5563, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04923, 2016.
Arnold, J. G. and Allen, P. M.: Automated methods for estimating baseflow and ground water recharge from streamflow records, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 35, 411–424, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03599.x, 1999.
Aufdenkampe, A. K., Mayorga, E., Raymond, P. A., Melack, J. M., Doney, S. C., Alin, S. R., Aalto, R. E., and Yoo, K.: Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere, Front. Ecol. Environ., 9, 53–60, https://doi.org/10.1890/100014, 2011.
Aumont, O., Ethé, C., Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., and Gehlen, M.: PISCES-v2:
An ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, 2015.
Battin, T. J., Kaplan, L. a., Findlay, S., Hopkinson, C. S., Marti, E., Packman, A. I., Newbold, J. D., and Sabater, F.: Biophysical controls on
organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks, Nat. Geosci., 2, 595–595,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo602, 2009a.
Battin, T. J., Luyssaert, S., Kaplan, L. a., Aufdenkampe, A. K., Richter, A.,
and Tranvik, L. J.: The boundless carbon cycle, Nat. Geosci., 2, 598–600, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo618, 2009b.
Billen, G. and Garnier, J.: Nitrogen transfers through the Seine drainage
network: a budget based on the application of the `Riverstrahler' model,
Hydrobiologia, 410, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003838116725, 1999.
Billen, G. and Servais, P.: Modélisation des processus de dégradation bactérienne de la matière organique en milieu aquatique, in: Micro-organismes dans les écosystèmes océaniques, edited by: Bianchi, M., Marty, D., Bertrand, J. C., Caumette, P., and Gauthier, M., Masson, Paris, 219–245, 1989.
Billen, G., Garnier, J., and Hanset, P.: Modelling phytoplankton development
in whole drainage networks: the RIVERSTRAHLER Model applied to the Seine river system, Hydrobiologia, 289, 119–137, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00007414, 1994.
Billen, G., Garnier, J., Ficht, A., and Cun, C.: Modeling the Response of Water Quality in the Seine River Estuary to Human Activity in its Watershed Over the Last 50 Years, Estuaries, 24, 977–993, 2001.
Billen, G., Garnier, J., Némery, J., Sebilo, M., Sferratore, a, Barles,
S., Benoit, P., and Benoît, M.: A long-term view of nutrient transfers
through the Seine river continuum, Sci. Total Environ., 375, 80–97,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.005, 2007.
Billen, G., Ramarson, A., Thieu, V., Théry, S., Silvestre, M., Pasquier,
C., Hénault, C., and Garnier, J.: Nitrate retention at the river–watershed interface: a new conceptual modeling approach, Biogeochemistry, 139, 31–51, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0455-9, 2018.
Borges, A. V., Schiettecatte, L. S., Abril, G., Delille, B., and Gazeau, F.:
Carbon dioxide in European coastal waters, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 70,
375–387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.046, 2006.
Borrelli, P., Van Oost, K., Meusburger, K., Alewell, C., Lugato, E., and
Panagos, P.: A step towards a holistic assessment of soil degradation in
Europe: Coupling on-site erosion with sediment transfer and carbon fluxes,
Environ. Res., 161, 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.009, 2018.
Butman, D. and Raymond, P. A.: Significant efflux of carbon dioxide from streams and rivers in the United States, Nat. Geosci., 4, 839–842,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1294, 2011.
Cai, W.-J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0657, 1998.
Cole, J. J., Prairie, Y. T., Caraco, N. F., McDowell, W. H., Tranvik, L. J.,
Striegl, R. G., Duarte, C. M., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J. A., Middelburg, J. J., and Melack, J.: Plumbing the Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Inland
Waters into the Terrestrial Carbon Budget, Ecosystems, 10, 172–185,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8, 2007.
Culberson, C. H.: Calculation of the in situ pH of seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 150–152, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1980.25.1.0150, 1980.
Desmit, X., Thieu, V., Billen, G., Campuzano, F., Dulière, V., Garnier,
J., Lassaletta, L., Ménesguen, A., Neves, R., Pinto, L., Silvestre, M.,
Sobrinho, J. L., and Lacroix, G.: Reducing marine eutrophication may require a paradigmatic change, Sci. Total Environ., 635, 1444–1466,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.181, 2018.
Doney, S. C., Lindsay, K., Caldeira, K., Campin, J. M., Drange, H., Dutay, J. C., Follows, M., Gao, Y., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Madec, G., Maier-Reimer, E., Marshall, J. C., Matear, R. J., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R., Orr, J. C., Plattner, G. K., Sarmiento, J., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R., Totterdell, I. J., Weirig, M. F., Yamanaka, Y., and Yool, A.: Evaluating global ocean carbon models: The importance of
realistic physics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002150, 2004.
Drake, T. W., Raymond, P. A., and Spencer, R. G. M.: Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty,
Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 3, 132–142, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10055, 2018.
Dubois, K. D., Lee, D., and Veizer, J.: Isotopic constraints on alkalinity,
dissolved organic carbon, and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in the
Mississippi River, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 115, G02018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001102, 2010.
EEA: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service – Corine Land Cover (CLC), availablea at: https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012 (last access: 3 May 2020), 2012.
Garnier, J. and Billen, G.: Ecological interactions in a shallow sand-pit lake (Lake Créteil, Parisian Basin, France): a modelling approach, Hydrobiologia, 275–276, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026703, 1994.
Garnier, J. and Billen, G.: Production vs. respiration in river systems: an
indicator of an “ecological status”, Sci. Total Environ., 375, 110–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.006, 2007.
Garnier, J., Billen, G., and Coste, M.: Seasonal succession of diatoms and
Chlorophyceae in the drainage network of the Seine River: Observation and
modeling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 750–765, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.4.0750,
1995.
Garnier, J., Leporcq, B., Sanchez, N., and Phillippon, X.: Biogeochemical mass-balances (C, N, P, Si) in three large reservoirs of the Seine Basin (France), Biogeochemistry, 47, 119–146, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006101318417, 1999.
Garnier, J., Billen, G., Hannon, E., Fonbonne, S., Videnina, Y., and Soulie, M.: Modelling the Transfer and Retention of Nutrients in the Drainage Network of the Danube River, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 54, 285–308,
https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0648, 2002.
Garnier, J., Cébron, A., Tallec, G., Billen, G., Sebilo, M., and Martinez, A.: Nitrogen behaviour and nitrous oxide emission in the tidal Seine River estuary (France) as influenced by human activities in the upstream watershed, Biogeochemistry, 77, 305–326,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-0544-4, 2006.
Garnier, J., Billen, G., and Cébron, A.: Modelling nitrogen transformations in the lower Seine river and estuary (France): Impact of
wastewater release on oxygenation and N2O emission, Hydrobiologia, 588, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0670-1, 2007.
Garnier, J., Billen, G., Vilain, G., Martinez, A., Silvestre, M., Mounier, E., and Toche, F.: Nitrous oxide (N2O) in the Seine river and basin: Observations and budgets, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 133, 223–233,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.024, 2009.
Guerrini, M.-C., Mouchel, J.-M., Meybeck, M., Penven, M. J., Hubert, G., and
Muxart, T.: Le bassin de la Seine: la confrontation du rural et de l'urbain, in La Seine en son bassin, in: Fonctionnement écologique d'un système fluvial anthropisé, edited by: Meybeck, M., de Marsily, G., and Fustec, E., Elsevier, Paris, Amsterdam, Lausanne, 29–73, 1998.
Gypens, N., Lancelot, C., and Borges, A. V.: Carbon dynamics and CO2 air–sea exchanges in the eutrophied coastal waters of the Southern Bight of the North Sea: a modelling study, Biogeosciences, 1, 147–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-1-147-2004, 2004.
Gypens, N., Borges, A. V., and Lancelot, C.: Effect of eutrophication on air–sea CO2 fluxes in the coastal Southern North Sea: A model study of the past 50 years, Global Change Biol., 15, 1040–1056,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01773.x, 2009.
Gypens, N., Lacroix, G., Lancelot, C., and Borges, A. V.: Seasonal and
inter-annual variability of air–sea CO2 fluxes and seawater carbonate chemistry in the Southern North Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 88, 59–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.11.004, 2011.
Habets, F., Boone, A., Champeaux, J. L., Etchevers, P., Franchistéguy, L., Leblois, E., Ledoux, E., Le Moigne, P., Martin, E., Morel, S., Noilhan, J., Seguí, P. Q., Rousset-Regimbeau, F., and Viennot, P.: The SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU hydrometeorological model applied over France, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008548, 2008.
Ho, D. T., Coffineau, N., Hickman, B., Chow, N., Koffman, T., and Schlosser, P.: Influence of current velocity and wind speed on air-water gas exchange in a mangrove estuary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3813–3821,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068727, 2016.
Hotchkiss, E. R., Hall, R. O., Sponseller, R., Butman, D., Klaminder, J., Laudon, H., Rosvall, M., and Karlsson, J.: Sources and control of CO2 emissions change with the size of streams and rivers, Nat. Geosci., 8, 696–699, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2507, 2015.
INSEE: French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies,
Recensement de la population 2015, available at: https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2008354 (last access: 3 May 2020), 2015.
Joos, F., Bruno, M., Fink, R., Siegenthaler, U., Stocker, T. F., Le Quéré, C., and Sarmiento, J. L.: An efficient and accurate
representation of complex oceanic and biospheric models of anthropogenic carbon uptake, Tellus B, 48, 397–417, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1996.t01-2-00006.x, 1996.
Kempe, S.: Long-term records of CO2 pressure fluctuations in fresh waters, Transp. carbon Miner. major world rivers, part 1, 91–332
available at: https://www.karstwanderweg.de/publika/gpi/52/116-120/index.htm (last access: 3 May 2020), 1982.
Kempe, S.: Sinks of the anthropogenically enhanced carbon cycle in surface
fresh waters, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4657, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD03p04657, 1984.
Lacarce, E., Le Bas, C., Cousin, J. L., Pesty, B., Toutain, B., Houston Durrant, T., and Montanarella, L.: Data management for monitoring forest soils in Europe for the Biosoil project, Soil Use Manage., 25, 57–65,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00194.x, 2009.
Laruelle, G. G., Marescaux, A., Le Gendre, R., Garnier, J., Rabouille, C., and Thieu, V.: Carbon dynamics along the Seine River network: Insight from a
coupled estuarine/river modeling approach, Front. Mar. Sci.,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00216, in press, 2019.
Lauerwald, R., Laruelle, G. G., Hartmann, J., Ciais, P., and Regnier, P. A. G.: Spatial patterns in CO2 evasion from the global river network,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 534–554, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004941, 2015.
Lauerwald, R., Regnier, P., Camino-serrano, M., Guenet, B., Guimberteau, M.,
Ducharne, A., Polcher, J., and Ciais, P.: ORCHILEAK (revision 3875): A new
model branch to simulate carbon transfers along the terrestrial-aquatic
continuum of the Amazon basin, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3821–3859,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3821-2017, 2017.
Li, S., Lu, X. X., and Bush, R. T.: CO2 partial pressure and CO2 emission in the Lower Mekong River, J. Hydrol., 504, 40–56,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.024, 2013.
Mackenzie, F. T., De Carlo, E. H., and Lerman, A.: Coupled C, N, P, and O Biogeochemical Cycling at the Land-Ocean Interface, in: Biogeochemistry Vol. 5, Elsevier Inc., 317–342, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00512-X, 2011.
Marescaux, A., Thieu, V., and Garnier, J.: Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the human-impacted Seine watershed in France, Sci. Total Environ., 643, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.151,
2018a.
Marescaux, A., Thieu, V., Borges, A. V., and Garnier, J.: Seasonal and spatial variability of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the
human-impacted Seine River in France, Sci. Rep., 8, 13961,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32332-2, 2018b.
Marx, A., Dusek, J., Jankovec, J., Sanda, M., Vogel, T., van Geldern, R.,
Hartmann, J., and Barth, J. A. C.: A review of CO2 and associated carbon dynamics in headwater streams: A global perspective, Rev. Geophys., 55, 560–585, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000547, 2017.
Marx, A., Conrad, M., Aizinger, V., Prechtel, A., Van Geldern, R., and Barth,
J. A. C.: Groundwater data improve modelling of headwater stream CO2 outgassing with a stable DIC isotope approach, Biogeosciences, 15, 3093–3106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3093-2018, 2018.
Meehl, G. A., Stocker, T. F., Collins, W. D., Friedlingstein, P. G. A. T.,
Gregory, J. M., Kitoh, A., Knutti, R., Murphy, J. M., N. A., Raper, S. C. B., Watterson, I. G. J. W. A., and Zhao, Z.-C.: Global Climate Projections, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z.,
Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, p. 996, 2007.
Mégnien, C.: Synthèse géologique du bassin de Paris, edited by:
Mégnien, C., Édition du B. R. G. M., available at:
https://books.google.fr/books?id=x0w9bwAACAAJ (last access: 3 May 2020), 1980.
Menon, M., Rousseva, S., Nikolaidis, N. P., van Gaans, P., Panagos, P., de Souza, D. M., Ragnarsdottir, K. V., Lair, G. J., Weng, L., Bloem, J., Kram, P., Novak, M., Davidsdottir, B., Gisladottir, G., Robinson, D. A., Reynolds, B., White, T., Lundin, L., Zhang, B., Duffy, C., Bernasconi, S. M., De Ruiter, P., Blum, W. E. H., and Banwart, S. A.: SoilTrEC: A global initiative on critical zone research and integration, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 3191–3195, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2346-x, 2014.
Meybeck, M.: Riverine transport of atmospheric carbon: Sources, global
typology and budget, Water Air Soil Pollut., 70, 443–463, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01105015, 1993.
Millero, F. J.: The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 43, 1651–1661, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90184-4, 1979.
Minaudo, C., Curie, F., Jullian, Y., Gassama, N., and Moatar, F.: QUAL-NET, a
high temporal-resolution eutrophication model for large hydrographic networks, Biogeosciences, 15, 2251–2269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2251-2018, 2018.
Nakayama, T.: New perspective for eco-hydrology model to constrain missing
role of inland waters on boundless biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial–aquatic continuum, Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol., 16, 138–148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2016.07.002, 2016.
O'Connor, D. J. and Dobbins, W. E.: Mechanism of reaeration in natural streams, Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 123, 641–684, 1958.
Öquist, M. G., Wallin, M., Seibert, J., Bishop, K., and Laudon, H.: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Export Across the Soil/Stream Interface and Its Fate in a Boreal Headwater Stream, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7364–7369, 2009.
Passy, P., Le Gendre, R., Garnier, J., Cugier, P., Callens, J., Paris, F.,
Billen, G., Riou, P., and Romero, E.: Eutrophication modelling chain for
improved management strategies to prevent algal blooms in the Bay of Seine,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 543, 107–125, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11533, 2016.
Pelletier, G. J., Chapra, S. C., and Tao, H.: QUAL2Kw – A framework for
modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for
calibration, Environ. Model. Softw., 21, 419–425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.07.002, 2006.
Pierrot, D., Lewis, D. E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel Program Developed
for CO2 System Calculations, ORNL/CDIAC-105a, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Center, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. US Dep. Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,
https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/otg.CO2SYS_XLS_CDIAC105a, 2006.
Pomerol, C. and Feugueur, L. L.: Bassin de Paris: Ile de France, Pays de
Bray, Masson, Paris, available at:
https://books.google.fr/books?id=SAoeAQAAMAAJ (last access: 3 May 2020), 1986.
Prairie, Y. T. and Cole, J. J.: Carbon, Unifying Currency, Encycl. Inl. Waters, 2, 743–746, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00107-1, 2009.
QGIS Development Team: QGIS Geographic Information System 2.18, Open Source
Geospatial Found, available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org/ (last access: 3 May 2020), 2016.
Quintana-Seguí, P., Le Moigne, P., Durand, Y., Martin, E., Habets, F.,
Baillon, M., Canellas, C., Franchisteguy, L., and Morel, S.: Analysis of
near-surface atmospheric variables: Validation of the SAFRAN analysis over
France, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 92–107, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1636.1, 2008.
Raymond, P. A., Caraco, N. F., and Cole, J. J.: Carbon dioxide concentration
and atmospheric flux in the Hudson River, Estuaries, 20, 381–390,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1352351, 1997.
Raymond, P. A., Zappa, C. J., Butman, D., Bott, T. L., Potter, J., Mulholland, P., Laursen, A. E., McDowell, W. H., and Newbold, D.: Scaling the
gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers,
Limnol. Oceanogr. Fluids Environ., 2, 41–53, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1597669, 2012.
Raymond, P. A., Hartmann, J., Lauerwald, R., Sobek, S., McDonald, C., Hoover, M., Butman, D., Striegl, R., Mayorga, E., Humborg, C., Kortelainen, P., Dürr, H., Meybeck, M., Ciais, P., and Guth, P.: Global carbon dioxide
emissions from inland waters, Nature, 503, 355–359, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12760, 2013.
R Core team: R Core Team, R A Lang. Environ. Stat. Comput. R Found. Stat.
Comput., Vienna, Austria, 275–286, ISBN 3-900051-07-0, available at: http://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 3 May 2020), 2015.
Regnier, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Mackenzie, F. T., Gruber, N.,
Janssens, I. A., Laruelle, G. G., Lauerwald, R., Luyssaert, S., Andersson, A. J., Arndt, S., Arnosti, C., Borges, A. V., Dale, A. W., Gallego-Sala, A.,
Goddéris, Y., Goossens, N., Hartmann, J., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Joos,
F., LaRowe, D. E., Leifeld, J., Meysman, F. J. R., Munhoven, G., Raymond, P.
A., Spahni, R., Suntharalingam, P., and Thullner, M.: Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean, Nat. Geosci., 6, 597–607, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1830, 2013a.
Regnier, P., Arndt, S., Goossens, N., Volta, C., Laruelle, G. G., Lauerwald,
R., and Hartmann, J.: Modelling Estuarine Biogeochemical Dynamics: From the
Local to the Global Scale, Aquat. Geochem., 19, 591–626,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9218-3, 2013b.
Rocher, V. and Azimi, S.: Evolution de la qualité de la Seine en lien
avec les progrès de l'assainissement, Johanet, Paris, 2017.
Romero, E., Garnier, J., Lassaletta, L., Billen, G., Le Gendre, R., Riou, P.,
and Cugier, P.: Large-scale patterns of river inputs in southwestern Europe:
Seasonal and interannual variations and potential eutrophication effects at
the coastal zone, Biogeochemistry, 113, 481–505, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9778-0, 2013.
Romero, E., Le Gendre, R., Garnier, J., Billen, G., Fisson, C., Silvestre, M., and Riou, P.: Long-term water quality in the lower Seine: Lessons learned
over 4 decades of monitoring, Environ. Sci. Policy, 58, 141–154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.01.016, 2016.
Sawakuchi, H. O., Neu, V., Ward, N. D., de Barros, M. L. C., Valerio, A. M.,
Gagne-Maynard, W., Cunha, A. C., Less, D. F. S., Diniz, J. E. M., Brito, D.
C., Krusche, A. V., and Richey, J. E.: Carbon Dioxide Emissions along the
Lower Amazon River, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00076, 2017.
Servais, P., Billen, G., and Hascoët, M. C.: Determination of the
biodegradable fraction of dissolved organic matter in waters, Water Res., 21, 445–450, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90192-8, 1995.
Servais, P., Garnier, J., Demarteau, N., Brion, N., and Billen, G.: Supply of
organic matter and bacteria to aquatic ecosystems through waste water
effluents, Water Res., 33, 3521–3531, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00056-1, 1999.
Servais, P., Billen, G., Goncalves, A., and Garcia-Armisen, T.: Modelling microbiological water quality in the Seine river drainage network: past, present and future situations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1581-2007, 2007.
Sferratore, A., Billen, G., Garnier, J., Smedberg, E., Humborg, C., and Rahm,
L.: Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine
vs. dammed rivers, J. Mar. Syst., 73, 236–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.10.012, 2008.
Smitz, J. S., Everbecq, E., Deliège, J.-F., Descy, J.-P., Wollast, R., and Vanderborght, J. P.: PEGASE, une méthodologie et un outil de simulation prévisionnelle pour la gestion de la qualité des eaux de
surface, Trib. l'eau, 588, 73–82, 1997.
Strahler, A. N.: Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 63, 1117–1142, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63, 1952.
Strahler, A. N.: Quantitative Analysis of Watershed Geomorphology, Geophys.
Union Trans., 38, 913–920, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913, 1957.
Tanaka, K., Kriegler, E., Bruckner, T., Georg, H., Knorr, W., and Raddatz, T.: Aggregated Carbon Cycle, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Climate Model (ACC2)
– description of the forward and inverse modes, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany, 1–188, 2007.
Telmer, K. and Veizer, J.: Carbon fluxes, pCO2 and substrate weathering in a large northern river basin, Canada: Carbon isotope perspectives, Chem. Geol., 159, 61–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00034-0, 1999.
Thieu, V., Billen, G., and Garnier, J.: Nutrient transfer in three contrasting NW European watersheds: the Seine, Somme, and Scheldt Rivers. A
comparative application of the Seneque/Riverstrahler model, Water Res., 43, 1740–1754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.014, 2009.
Tóth, G., Jones, A., and Montanarella, L. (Eds.): LUCAS Topsoil Survey. Methodology, data and results, in: EUR26102 – Scientific and Technical Research series, JRC Technical Reports, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, https://doi.org/10.2788/97922, 2013.
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., and Cushing, C. E.: The River Continuum Concept, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 130–137, https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017, 1980.
Venkiteswaran, J. J., Schiff, S. L., and Wallin, M. B.: Large carbon dioxide
fluxes from headwater boreal and sub-boreal streams, PLoS One, 9, 22–25,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101756, 2014.
Vilain, G., Garnier, J., Passy, P., Silvestre, M., and Billen, G.: Budget of
N2O emissions at the watershed scale: Role of land cover and topography (the Orgeval basin, France), Biogeosciences, 9, 1085–1097,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1085-2012, 2012.
Vilmin, L., Flipo, N., Escoffier, N., Rocher, V., and Groleau, A.: Carbon fate in a large temperate human-impacted river system: Focus on benthic
dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 1086–1104, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005271, 2016.
Vilmin, L., Flipo, N., Escoffier, N., and Groleau, A.: Estimation of the water quality of a large urbanized river as defined by the European WFD: what is the optimal sampling frequency?, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 25, 23485–23501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7109-z, 2018.
Volta, C., Arndt, S., Savenije, H. H. G., Laruelle, G. G., and Regnier, P.:
C-GEM (v 1.0): A new, cost-efficient biogeochemical model for estuaries and
its application to a funnel-shaped system, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1271–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1271-2014, 2014.
Whitehead, P. G., Williams, R. J., and Lewis, D. R.: Quality simulation along
river systems (QUASAR): Model theory and development, Sci. Total Environ., 194–195, 447–456, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(96)05382-X, 1997.
Xu, Y. J., Xu, Z., and Yang, R.: Rapid daily change in surface water pCO2 and CO2 evasion: A case study in a subtropical eutrophic lake in Southern USA, J. Hydrol., 570, 486–494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.016, 2019.
Yang, C., Telmer, K., and Veizer, J.: Chemical dynamics of the “St. Lawrence” riverine system: δDH2O, δ18OH2O, δ13CDIC,
δ34S sulfate, and dissolved 87Sr∕86Sr, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 851–865, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00445-9, 1996.
Yang, R., Xu, Z., Liu, S., and Xu, Y. J.: Daily pCO2 and CO2 flux variations in a subtropical mesotrophic shallow lake, Water Res., 153, 29–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.012, 2019.
Zeebe, R. and Wolf-Gladrow, D.: CO2 in Seawater-Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes, in: Elsevier Oceanography Book Series 65, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 346 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/S0422-9894(01)80002-7, 2001.
Short summary
Rivers have been recognized as an active part of the carbon cycle where transformations are associated with CO2 outgassing. To understand it, we propose a modeling approach with the biogeochemical model, pyNuts-Riverstrahler. We implemented it on the human-impacted Seine River. Sources of carbon to the river were characterized by field measurements in groundwater and in wastewater. Outgassing was the most important in streams, and peaks were simulated downstream of wastewater treatment effluent.
Rivers have been recognized as an active part of the carbon cycle where transformations are...
