Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Sep 2014
Research article |
| 24 Sep 2014
Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates the role of convergence during two-step saturation
A. I. Gevaert
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
now at: Department of Earth Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
A. J. Teuling
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
S. B. DeLong
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
now at: US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA
T. E. Huxman
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
L. A. Pangle
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
D. D. Breshears
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
J. Chorover
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
J. D. Pelletier
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
S. R. Saleska
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
P. A. Troch
Biosphere 2 – College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Related authors
Anouk I. Gevaert, Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Philip J. Ward
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4649–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is a natural hazard that has severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts around the globe. Here, we quantified the time taken for drought to propagate from precipitation droughts to soil moisture and streamflow droughts. Results show that propagation timescales are strongly related to climate type, with fast responses in tropical regions and slow responses in arid regions. Insight into the timescales of drought propagation globally may help improve seasonal drought forecasting.
Anouk I. Gevaert, Luigi J. Renzullo, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Hans J. van der Woerd, Albrecht H. Weerts, and Richard A. M. de Jeu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4605–4619, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We assimilated three satellite soil moisture retrievals based on different microwave frequencies into a hydrological model. Two sets of experiments were performed, first assimilating the retrievals individually and then assimilating each set of two retrievals jointly. Overall, assimilation improved agreement between model and field-measured soil moisture. Joint assimilation resulted in model performance similar to or better than assimilating either retrieval individually.
Louise J. Schreyers, Tim H. M. van Emmerik, Thanh-Khiet L. Bui, Khoa L. van Thi, Bart Vermeulen, Hong-Q. Nguyen, Nicholas Wallerstein, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Martine van der Ploeg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 589–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River plastic emissions into the ocean are of global concern, but the transfer dynamics between fresh water and the marine environment remain poorly understood. We developed a simple Eulerian approach to estimate the net and total plastic transport in tidal rivers. Applied to the Saigon River, Vietnam, we found that net plastic transport amounted to less than one-third of total transport, highlighting the need to better integrate tidal dynamics in plastic transport and emission models.
Linda Bogerd, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algorithms merge satellite radiometer data from various frequency channels, each tied to a different footprint size. We studied the uncertainty associated with sampling (over the Netherlands using 4 years of data) as precipitation is highly variable in space and time by simulating ground-based data as satellite footprints. Though sampling affects precipitation estimates, it doesn’t explain all discrepancies. Overall, uncertainties in the algorithm seem more influential than how data is sampled.
Adriaan J. Teuling and Jasper F. D. Lammers
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3096, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3096, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The understanding of spatio-temporal variability of evapotranspiration is currently limited by a lack of measurement techniques that are low-cost, and that can be applied anywhere at any time. Here we show that evapotranspiration can be estimated accurately using only observations made by smartphone sensors, suggesting that smartphone-based ET monitoring could provide a realistic and low-cost alternative for real-time ET estimation in the field.
Bich Ngoc Tran, Johannes van der Kwast, Solomon Seyoum, Remko Uijlenhoet, Graham Jewitt, and Marloes Mul
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4505–4528, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data are increasingly used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) or the amount of water moving from plants, soils, and water bodies into the atmosphere over large areas. Uncertainties from various sources affect the accuracy of these calculations. This study reviews the methods to assess the uncertainties of such ET estimations. It provides specific recommendations for a comprehensive assessment that assists in the potential uses of these data for research, monitoring, and management.
Charles Nduhiu Wamucii, Pieter R. van Oel, Adriaan J. Teuling, Arend Ligtenberg, John Mwangi Gathenya, Gert Jan Hofstede, Meine van Noordwijk, and Erika N. Speelman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2459, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study explored the role of serious gaming in strengthening stakeholder engagement in addressing human-water challenges. The gaming approach guided community discussions toward implementable decisions. The results showed increasing active participation, knowledge gain, and use of plural pronouns. We observed decreasing individual interests and conflicts among game participants. The study presents important implications for creating a collective basis for water resources management.
Athanasios Tsiokanos, Martine Rutten, Ruud J. van der Ent, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-263, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on past high-flow events to identify flood drivers in the Geul catchment. We also explore flood drivers’ trends across various times and develop a new method to detect the main direction of a trend. Our results show that extreme 24-hour precipitation cannot solely lead to floods. The combination of long heavy rainfall and wet initial conditions determines the chances of flooding. Precipitation that leads to floods increases during winter, while no consistent trends are found in summer.
Awad M. Ali, Lieke A. Melsen, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4057–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new approach based on a combination of modeling and Earth observation, useful information about the filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam can be obtained with limited data and proper rainfall selection. While the monthly streamflow into Sudan has decreased significantly (1.2 × 109–5 × 109 m3) with respect to the non-dam scenario, the negative impact has been masked due to higher-than-average rainfall. We reveal that the dam will need 3–5 more years to complete filling.
Francis K. Rengers, Samuel Bower, Andrew Knapp, Jason W. Kean, Danielle W. vonLembke, Matthew A. Thomas, Jaime Kostelnik, Katherine R. Barnhart, Matthew Bethel, Joseph E. Gartner, Madeline Hille, Dennis M. Staley, Justin Anderson, Elizabeth K. Roberts, Stephen B. DeLong, Belize Lane, Paxton Ridgway, and Brendan P. Murphy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2063, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2063, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Every year the U.S. Geological Survey produces 50–100 postfire debris flow hazard assessments using models for debris flow likelihood and volume. To refine these models they must be tested with datasets that clearly document rainfall, debris flow response, and debris flow volume. These datasets are difficult to obtain, but this study developed and analyzed a postfire dataset with more than 100 postfire storm responses over a two year period. We also proposed ways to improve these models.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Aart Overeem, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1971, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave links, often part of mobile phone networks, can be used to measure rainfall along the link path by determining the signal loss caused by rainfall. We use high-frequency data of multiple microwave links to recreate commonly used sampling strategies. For time intervals up to 1 min, the influence of sampling strategies on estimated rainfall intensities is relatively little, while for intervals longer than 5–15 min, the sampling strategy can have significant influences on the estimates.
Marleen R. Lam, Alessia Matanó, Anne F. Van Loon, Rhoda A. Odongo, Aklilu D. Teklesadik, Charles N. Wamucii, Marc J. C. van den Homberg, Shamton Waruru, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2915–2936, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is still no full understanding of the relation between drought impacts and drought indices in the Horn of Africa where water scarcity and arid regions are also present. This study assesses their relation in Kenya. A random forest model reveals that each region, aggregated by aridity, has its own set of predictors for every impact category. Water scarcity was not found to be related to aridity. Understanding these relations contributes to the development of drought early warning systems.
Jasper M.C. Denissen, Adriaan J. Teuling, Sujan Koirala, Markus Reichstein, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Martha M. Vogel, Xin Yu, and Rene Orth
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1925, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1925, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heat extremes have severe implications for human health and ecosystems. Heat extremes are mostly introduced by large-scale atmospheric circulation but can be modulated by vegetation: Vegetation with access to water uses solar energy to evaporate water into the atmosphere. Under dry conditions, water may not be available, suppressing evaporation and heating the atmosphere. Using climate projections, we show that regionally less water is available for vegetation, intensifying future heat extremes.
Abbas El Hachem, Jochen Seidel, Tess O'Hara, Roberto Villalobos Herrera, Aart Overeem, Remko Uijlenhoet, András Bárdossy, and Lotte de Vos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-195, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-195, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an overview of open-source quality control (QC) algorithms for rainfall data from personal weather stations (PWS). The methodology and useability for every QG algorithm are described. All QC algorithms were applied in a case study using a PWS data from the Amsterdam region in the Netherlands. The results highlight the necessity for adequate data filtering and show the advantages and disadvantages of each QC algorithm.
Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, Bettina Schaefli, Ross Woods, Adriaan J. Teuling, and Joshua R. Larsen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2577–2599, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a dataset of snow water equivalent, the depth of liquid water that results from melting a given depth of snow. The dataset contains 11 071 sites over the Northern Hemisphere, spans the period 1950–2022, and is based on daily observations of snow depth on the ground and a model. The dataset fills a lack of accessible historical ground snow data, and it can be used for a variety of applications such as the impact of climate change on global and regional snow and water resources.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Adriaan J. Teuling, Luc Girod, Norbert Pirk, Robin Stoffer, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
The Cryosphere, 16, 4319–4341, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4319-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4319-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most large-scale hydrological and climate models struggle to capture the spatially highly variable wind-driven melt of patchy snow cover. In the field, we find that 60 %–80 % of the total melt is wind driven at the upwind edge of a snow patch, while it does not contribute at the downwind edge. Our idealized simulations show that the variation is due to a patch-size-independent air-temperature reduction over snow patches and also allow us to study the role of wind-driven snowmelt on larger scales.
Alessandro Montemagno, Christophe Hissler, Victor Bense, Adriaan J. Teuling, Johanna Ziebel, and Laurent Pfister
Biogeosciences, 19, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the biogeochemical processes that dominate the release and retention of elements (nutrients and potentially toxic elements) during litter degradation. Our results show that toxic elements are retained in the litter, while nutrients are released in solution during the first stages of degradation. This seems linked to the capability of trees to distribute the elements between degradation-resistant and non-degradation-resistant compounds of leaves according to their chemical nature.
Linqi Zhang, Yi Liu, Liliang Ren, Adriaan J. Teuling, Ye Zhu, Linyong Wei, Linyan Zhang, Shanhu Jiang, Xiaoli Yang, Xiuqin Fang, and Hang Yin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3241–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, three machine learning methods displayed a good detection capacity of flash droughts. The RF model was recommended to estimate the depletion rate of soil moisture and simulate flash drought by considering the multiple meteorological variable anomalies in the adjacent time to drought onset. The anomalies of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exhibited a stronger synergistic but asymmetrical effect on flash droughts compared to slowly developing droughts.
Femke A. Jansen, Remko Uijlenhoet, Cor M. J. Jacobs, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2875–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the controls on open water evaporation with a focus on Lake IJssel, the Netherlands, by analysing eddy covariance observations over two summer periods at two locations at the borders of the lake. Wind speed and the vertical vapour pressure gradient can explain most of the variation in observed evaporation, which is in agreement with Dalton's model. We argue that the distinct characteristics of inland waterbodies need to be taken into account when parameterizing their evaporation.
Wagner Wolff, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 485–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The existing infrastructure for cellular communication is promising for ground-based rainfall remote sensing. Rain-induced signal attenuation is used in dedicated algorithms for retrieving rainfall depth along commercial microwave links (CMLs) between cell phone towers. This processing is a source of many uncertainties about input data, algorithm structures, parameters, CML network, and local climate. Application of a stochastic optimization method leads to improved CML rainfall estimates.
Charles Nduhiu Wamucii, Pieter R. van Oel, Arend Ligtenberg, John Mwangi Gathenya, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5641–5665, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5641-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5641-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
East African water towers (WTs) are under pressure from human influences within and without, but the water yield (WY) is more sensitive to climate changes from within. Land use changes have greater impacts on WY in the surrounding lowlands. The WTs have seen a strong shift towards wetter conditions while, at the same time, the potential evapotranspiration is gradually increasing. The WTs were identified as non-resilient, and future WY may experience more extreme variations.
Peter T. La Follette, Adriaan J. Teuling, Nans Addor, Martyn Clark, Koen Jansen, and Lieke A. Melsen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5425–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological models are useful tools that allow us to predict distributions and movement of water. A variety of numerical methods are used by these models. We demonstrate which numerical methods yield large errors when subject to extreme precipitation. As the climate is changing such that extreme precipitation is more common, we find that some numerical methods are better suited for use in hydrological models. Also, we find that many current hydrological models use relatively inaccurate methods.
Ruben Imhoff, Claudia Brauer, Klaas-Jan van Heeringen, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, Albrecht Weerts, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4061–4080, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Significant biases in real-time radar rainfall products limit the use for hydrometeorological forecasting. We introduce CARROTS (Climatology-based Adjustments for Radar Rainfall in an OperaTional Setting), a set of fixed bias reduction factors to correct radar rainfall products and to benchmark other correction algorithms. When tested for 12 Dutch basins, estimated rainfall and simulated discharges with CARROTS generally outperform those using the operational mean field bias adjustments.
Simone Gelsinari, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Edoardo Daly, Jos van Dam, Remko Uijlenhoet, Nicholas Fewster-Young, and Rebecca Doble
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2261–2277, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2261-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of recharge to groundwater are often driven by biophysical processes occurring in the soil column and, particularly in remote areas, are also always affected by uncertainty. Using data assimilation techniques to merge remotely sensed observations with outputs of numerical models is one way to reduce this uncertainty. Here, we show the benefits of using such a technique with satellite evapotranspiration rates and coupled hydrogeological models applied to a semi-arid site in Australia.
Jon D. Pelletier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 379–391, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The sizes and shapes of alluvial channels vary in a systematic way with the water flow they convey during large floods. It is demonstrated that the depth of alluvial channels is controlled by the resistance of channel bank material to slumping, which in turn is controlled by clay content. Deeper channels have faster water flow in a manner controlled by the critical hydraulic state to which channels tend to evolve. Channel width and slope can be further quantified using conservation principles.
Joost Buitink, Lieke A. Melsen, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 387–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Higher temperatures influence both evaporation and snow processes. These two processes have a large effect on discharge but have distinct roles during different seasons. In this study, we study how higher temperatures affect the discharge via changed evaporation and snow dynamics. Higher temperatures lead to enhanced evaporation but increased melt from glaciers, overall lowering the discharge. During the snowmelt season, discharge was reduced further due to the earlier depletion of snow.
Jolijn van Engelenburg, Erik van Slobbe, Adriaan J. Teuling, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Petra Hellegers
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 14, 1–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analysed the impact of extreme weather events, water quality deterioration, and a growing drinking water demand on the sustainability of drinking water supply in the Netherlands. The results of the case studies were compared to sustainability issues for drinking water supply that are experienced worldwide. This resulted in a set of sustainability characteristics describing drinking water supply on a local scale in terms of hydrological, technical, and socio-economic characteristics.
Richard Wehr and Scott R. Saleska
Biogeosciences, 18, 13–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-13-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-13-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water and carbon exchange between plants and the atmosphere is governed by stomata: adjustable pores in the surfaces of leaves. The combined gas conductance of all the stomata in a canopy has long been estimated using an equation that is shown here to be systematically incorrect because it relies on measurements that are generally inadequate. An alternative approach is shown to be more accurate in all probable scenarios and to imply different responses of stomatal conductance to the environment.
Theresa C. van Hateren, Marco Chini, Patrick Matgen, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-583, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-583, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural droughts occur when the water content of the soil diminishes to such a level that vegetation is negatively impacted. Here we show that, although they are classified as the same type of drought, substantial differences between soil moisture and vegetation droughts exist. This duality is not included in the term agricultural drought, and thus is a potential issue in drought research. We argue that a distinction should be made between soil moisture and vegetation drought events.
Joost Buitink, Anne M. Swank, Martine van der Ploeg, Naomi E. Smith, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Frank van der Bolt, Coleen D. U. Carranza, Gerbrand Koren, Rogier van der Velde, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6021–6031, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6021-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of water stored in the soil is critical for the productivity of plants. Plant productivity is either limited by the available water or by the available energy. In this study, we infer this transition point by comparing local observations of water stored in the soil with satellite observations of vegetation productivity. We show that the transition point is not constant with soil depth, indicating that plants use water from deeper layers when the soil gets drier.
Joost Buitink, Lieke A. Melsen, James W. Kirchner, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6093–6110, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6093-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6093-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new distributed hydrological model: the distributed simple dynamical systems (dS2) model. The model is built with a focus on computational efficiency and is therefore able to simulate basins at high spatial and temporal resolution at a low computational cost. Despite the simplicity of the model concept, it is able to correctly simulate discharge in both small and mesoscale basins.
Jasper Foets, Carlos E. Wetzel, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Adriaan J. Teuling, Jean-François Iffly, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4709–4725, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms (microscopic algae) are regarded as useful tracers in catchment hydrology. However, diatom analysis is labour-intensive; therefore, only a limited number of samples can be analysed. To reduce this number, we explored the potential for a time-integrated mass-flux sampler to provide a representative sample of the diatom assemblage for a whole storm run-off event. Our results indicate that the Phillips sampler did indeed sample representative communities during two of the three events.
Caspar T. J. Roebroek, Lieke A. Melsen, Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, Ying Fan, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4625–4639, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4625-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4625-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation is a principal component in the Earth system models that are used for weather, climate and other environmental predictions. Water is one of the main drivers of vegetation; however, the global distribution of how water influences vegetation is not well understood. This study looks at spatial patterns of photosynthesis and water sources (rain and groundwater) to obtain a first understanding of water access and limitations for the growth of global forests (proxy for natural vegetation).
Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, Kaniska Mallick, Martin Schlerf, Miriam Machwitz, Martin Herold, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Biogeosciences, 17, 4443–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the link between the vegetation leaf area index (LAI) and the land–atmosphere exchange of water, energy, and carbon fluxes. We show that the correlation between the LAI and water and energy fluxes depends on the vegetation type and aridity. For carbon fluxes, however, the correlation with the LAI was strong and independent of vegetation and aridity. This study provides insight into when the vegetation LAI can be used to model or extrapolate land–atmosphere fluxes.
Kurt C. Solander, Brent D. Newman, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, Holly R. Barnard, Z. Carter Berry, Damien Bonal, Mario Bretfeld, Benoit Burban, Luiz Antonio Candido, Rolando Célleri, Jeffery Q. Chambers, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Matteo Detto, Wouter A. Dorigo, Brent E. Ewers, Savio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Alexander Knohl, L. Ruby Leung, Nate G. McDowell, Gretchen R. Miller, Maria Terezinha Ferreira Monteiro, Georgianne W. Moore, Robinson Negron-Juarez, Scott R. Saleska, Christian Stiegler, Javier Tomasella, and Chonggang Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2303–2322, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the soil moisture response in the humid tropics to El Niño during the three most recent super El Niño events. Our estimates are compared to in situ soil moisture estimates that span five continents. We find the strongest and most consistent soil moisture decreases in the Amazon and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. Our results can be used to improve estimates of soil moisture in tropical ecohydrology models at multiple scales.
Hossein Dadashazar, Ewan Crosbie, Mohammad S. Majdi, Milad Panahi, Mohammad A. Moghaddam, Ali Behrangi, Michael Brunke, Xubin Zeng, Haflidi H. Jonsson, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4637–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4637-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Clearings in the marine-boundary-layer (MBL) cloud deck of the Pacific Ocean were studied. Remote sensing, reanalysis, and airborne data were used along with machine-learning modeling to characterize the spatiotemporal nature of clearings and factors governing their growth. The most significant implications of our results are linked to modeling of fog and MBL clouds, with implications for societal and environmental issues like climate, military operations, transportation, and coastal ecology.
Thomas C. van Leth, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1797–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method of using collocated microwave link instruments to estimate the average size distribution of raindrops along a path of several kilometers. Our method is validated using simulated fields as well as five laser disdrometers installed along a path. We also present preliminary results from an experimental setup measuring at 26 and 38 GHz along a 2.2 km path. We show that a retrieval on the basis of microwave links can be highly accurate, provided the base power level is stable.
Femke A. Jansen and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1055–1072, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1055-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1055-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized the (dis)agreement between six evaporation methods from hourly to decadal timescales, focussing on the IJsselmeer region in the Netherlands. The projected changes in mean yearly water losses through evaporation between the years 2000 and 2100 range from 4 mm to 94 mm among the methods. We therefore stress that the choice of method is of great importance for water managers in their decision making.
Adrien Guyot, Jayaram Pudashine, Alain Protat, Remko Uijlenhoet, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Alan Seed, and Jeffrey P. Walker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4737–4761, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4737-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised for the first time the rainfall microphysics for Southern Hemisphere temperate latitudes. Co-located instruments were deployed to provide information on the sampling effect and spatio-temporal variabilities at micro scales. Substantial differences were found across the instruments, increasing with increasing values of the rain rate. Specific relations for reflectivity–rainfall are presented together with related uncertainties for drizzle and stratiform and convective rainfall.
Marcos Longo, Ryan G. Knox, Naomi M. Levine, Abigail L. S. Swann, David M. Medvigy, Michael C. Dietze, Yeonjoo Kim, Ke Zhang, Damien Bonal, Benoit Burban, Plínio B. Camargo, Matthew N. Hayek, Scott R. Saleska, Rodrigo da Silva, Rafael L. Bras, Steven C. Wofsy, and Paul R. Moorcroft
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4347–4374, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4347-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4347-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Ecosystem Demography model calculates the fluxes of heat, water, and carbon between plants and ground and the air, and the life cycle of plants in different climates. To test if our calculations were reasonable, we compared our results with field and satellite measurements. Our model predicts well the extent of the Amazon forest, how much light forests absorb, and how much water forests release to the air. However, it must improve the tree growth rates and how fast dead plants decompose.
Adriaan J. Teuling, Emile A. G. de Badts, Femke A. Jansen, Richard Fuchs, Joost Buitink, Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, and Shannon M. Sterling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3631–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3631-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3631-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades, changes in land use and climate over Europe have impacted the average flow of water flowing through rivers and reservoirs (the so-called
water yield). We quantify these changes using a simple but widely tested modelling approach constrained by observations of lysimeters across Europe. Results show that the contribution of land use to changes in water yield are of the same order as changes in climate, showing that impacts of land use changes cannot be neglected.
Sven Boese, Martin Jung, Nuno Carvalhais, Adriaan J. Teuling, and Markus Reichstein
Biogeosciences, 16, 2557–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2557-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2557-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how limited water availability during droughts affects water-use efficiency. This metric describes how much carbon an ecosystem can assimilate for each unit of water lost by transpiration. We test how well different water-use efficiency models can capture the dynamics of transpiration decrease due to increased soil-water limitation. Accounting for the interacting effects of radiation and water limitation is necessary to accurately predict transpiration during these periods.
Hendrik Wouters, Irina Y. Petrova, Chiel C. van Heerwaarden, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Adriaan J. Teuling, Vicky Meulenberg, Joseph A. Santanello, and Diego G. Miralles
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2139–2153, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2139-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2139-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The free software CLASS4GL (http://class4gl.eu) is designed to investigate the dynamic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with weather balloons. It mines observational data from global radio soundings, satellite and reanalysis data from the last 40 years to constrain and initialize an ABL model and automizes multiple experiments in parallel. CLASS4GL aims at fostering a better understanding of land–atmosphere feedbacks and the drivers of extreme weather.
Anne J. Hoek van Dijke, Kaniska Mallick, Adriaan J. Teuling, Martin Schlerf, Miriam Machwitz, Sibylle K. Hassler, Theresa Blume, and Martin Herold
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2077–2091, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2077-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2077-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite images are often used to estimate land water fluxes over a larger area. In this study, we investigate the link between a well-known vegetation index derived from satellite data and sap velocity, in a temperate forest in Luxembourg. We show that the link between the vegetation index and transpiration is not constant. Therefore we suggest that the use of vegetation indices to predict transpiration should be limited to ecosystems and scales where the link has been confirmed.
Joost Buitink, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1593–1609, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1593-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1593-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes how the spatial resolution of hydrological models affects the model results. The high-resolution model allowed for more spatial variability than the low-resolution model. As a result, the low-resolution model failed to capture most variability that was simulated with the high-resolution model. This has implications for the interpretation of results carried out at coarse resolutions, as they may fail to represent the local small-scale variability.
Bart van Osnabrugge, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Albrecht Weerts
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1453–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1453-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1453-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A correct estimate of the amount of future precipitation is the most important factor in making a good streamflow forecast, but evaporation is also an important component that determines the discharge of a river. However, in this study for the Rhine River we found that evaporation forecasts only give an almost negligible improvement compared to methods that use statistical information on climatology for a 10-day streamflow forecast. This is important to guide research on low flow forecasts.
Kuang-Yu Chang, William J. Riley, Patrick M. Crill, Robert F. Grant, Virginia I. Rich, and Scott R. Saleska
The Cryosphere, 13, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands store large amounts of carbon potentially vulnerable to decomposition under changing climate. We estimated effects of climate forcing biases on carbon cycling at a thawing permafrost peatland in subarctic Sweden. Our results indicate that many climate reanalysis products are cold and wet biased in our study region, leading to erroneous active layer depth and carbon budget estimates. Future studies should recognize the effects of climate forcing uncertainty on carbon cycling.
Michael A. Brunke, John J. Cassano, Nicholas Dawson, Alice K. DuVivier, William J. Gutowski Jr., Joseph Hamman, Wieslaw Maslowski, Bart Nijssen, J. E. Jack Reeves Eyre, José C. Renteria, Andrew Roberts, and Xubin Zeng
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4817–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4817-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4817-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Regional Arctic System Model version 1 (RASM1) was recently developed for high-resolution simulation of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice–land system in the Arctic. Its simulation of the atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice interface is evaluated by using the spread in recent reanalyses and a global Earth system model as baselines. Such comparisons reveal that RASM1 simulates precipitation well and improves the simulation of surface fluxes over sea ice.
Tjitske J. Geertsema, Adriaan J. Teuling, Remko Uijlenhoet, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5599–5613, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5599-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5599-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigate the processes and effects of simultaneous flood peaks at a lowland confluence. The flood peaks are analyzed with the relatively new dynamic time warping method, which offers a robust means of tracing flood waves in discharge time series at confluences. The time lag between discharge peaks in the main river and its lowland tributaries is small compared to the wave duration; therefore the exact timing of discharge peaks may be little relevant to flood risk.
Anouk I. Gevaert, Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Philip J. Ward
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4649–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is a natural hazard that has severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts around the globe. Here, we quantified the time taken for drought to propagate from precipitation droughts to soil moisture and streamflow droughts. Results show that propagation timescales are strongly related to climate type, with fast responses in tropical regions and slow responses in arid regions. Insight into the timescales of drought propagation globally may help improve seasonal drought forecasting.
Anouk I. Gevaert, Luigi J. Renzullo, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Hans J. van der Woerd, Albrecht H. Weerts, and Richard A. M. de Jeu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4605–4619, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4605-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We assimilated three satellite soil moisture retrievals based on different microwave frequencies into a hydrological model. Two sets of experiments were performed, first assimilating the retrievals individually and then assimilating each set of two retrievals jointly. Overall, assimilation improved agreement between model and field-measured soil moisture. Joint assimilation resulted in model performance similar to or better than assimilating either retrieval individually.
Matthew N. Hayek, Marcos Longo, Jin Wu, Marielle N. Smith, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Raphael Tapajós, Rodrigo da Silva, David R. Fitzjarrald, Plinio B. Camargo, Lucy R. Hutyra, Luciana F. Alves, Bruce Daube, J. William Munger, Kenia T. Wiedemann, Scott R. Saleska, and Steven C. Wofsy
Biogeosciences, 15, 4833–4848, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4833-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4833-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the roles that weather and forest disturbances like drought play in shaping changes in ecosystem photosynthesis and carbon exchange in an Amazon forest. We discovered that weather largely influenced differences between years, but a prior drought, which occurred 3 years before measurements started, likely hampered photosynthesis in the first year. This is the first atmospheric evidence that drought can have legacy impacts on Amazon forest photosynthesis.
Thomas C. van Leth, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4645–4669, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4645-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4645-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a campaign to address several error sources associated with rainfall estimates from microwave links in cellular communication networks. The set-up consists of three co-located links, complemented with reference instruments. We investigate events covering different attenuating phenomena: Rainfall, solid precipitation, temperature, fog, antenna wetting due to rain or dew, and clutter.
Manuel F. Rios Gaona, Aart Overeem, Timothy H. Raupach, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4465–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4465-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4465-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall estimates from commercial microwave links were obtained for the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The results show the potential of such networks as complementary rainfall measurements for more robust networks (e.g. radars, gauges, satellites).
Eliane G. Alves, Julio Tóta, Andrew Turnipseed, Alex B. Guenther, José Oscar W. Vega Bustillos, Raoni A. Santana, Glauber G. Cirino, Julia V. Tavares, Aline P. Lopes, Bruce W. Nelson, Rodrigo A. de Souza, Dasa Gu, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, David K. Adams, Jin Wu, Scott Saleska, and Antonio O. Manzi
Biogeosciences, 15, 4019–4032, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4019-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that leaf quantity and leaf age have an important effect on seasonal changes in isoprene emissions and that these could play an even more important role in regulating ecosystem isoprene fluxes than light and temperature at seasonal timescales in tropical forests. These results bring novelty and new insight for future research because in the past leaf phenology was not considered as an important factor that controls biological processes in the tropics.
Mary E. Whelan, Sinikka T. Lennartz, Teresa E. Gimeno, Richard Wehr, Georg Wohlfahrt, Yuting Wang, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Timothy W. Hilton, Sauveur Belviso, Philippe Peylin, Róisín Commane, Wu Sun, Huilin Chen, Le Kuai, Ivan Mammarella, Kadmiel Maseyk, Max Berkelhammer, King-Fai Li, Dan Yakir, Andrew Zumkehr, Yoko Katayama, Jérôme Ogée, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, Bharat Rastogi, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Julia Marshall, Kukka-Maaria Erkkilä, Lisa Wingate, Laura K. Meredith, Wei He, Rüdiger Bunk, Thomas Launois, Timo Vesala, Johan A. Schmidt, Cédric G. Fichot, Ulli Seibt, Scott Saleska, Eric S. Saltzman, Stephen A. Montzka, Joseph A. Berry, and J. Elliott Campbell
Biogeosciences, 15, 3625–3657, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3625-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3625-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the trace gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) are helpful in quantifying photosynthesis at previously unknowable temporal and spatial scales. While CO2 is both consumed and produced within ecosystems, OCS is mostly produced in the oceans or from specific industries, and destroyed in plant leaves in proportion to CO2. This review summarizes the advancements we have made in the understanding of OCS exchange and applications to vital ecosystem water and carbon cycle questions.
Lieke A. Melsen, Nans Addor, Naoki Mizukami, Andrew J. Newman, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, Martyn P. Clark, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1775–1791, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1775-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1775-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term hydrological predictions are important for water management planning, but are also prone to uncertainty. This study investigates three sources of uncertainty for long-term hydrological predictions in the US: climate models, hydrological models, and hydrological model parameters. Mapping the results revealed spatial patterns in the three sources of uncertainty: different sources of uncertainty dominate in different regions.
Marit Van Tiel, Adriaan J. Teuling, Niko Wanders, Marc J. P. Vis, Kerstin Stahl, and Anne F. Van Loon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 463–485, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-463-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-463-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are important hydrological reservoirs. Short-term variability in glacier melt and also glacier retreat can cause droughts in streamflow. In this study, we analyse the effect of glacier changes and different drought threshold approaches on future projections of streamflow droughts in glacierised catchments. We show that these different methodological options result in different drought projections and that these options can be used to study different aspects of streamflow droughts.
Joost Buitink, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-629, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the hydrological response simulated at two different spatial resolutions. The low resolution model was not able to simulate the complex response as was simulated with the high resolution model. The low resolution model underestimated the anomalies when compared with the high resolution model. This has implications on the interpretation of global scale impact studies (low resolution) on local or regional scales (high resolution).
Jon D. Pelletier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 479–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-479-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-479-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The rate at which bedrock can be converted into transportable material is a fundamental control on the topographic evolution of mountain ranges. Using the San Gabriel Mountains, California, as an example, in this paper I demonstrate that this rate depends on topographic slope in mountain ranges with large compressive stresses via the influence of topographically induced stresses on fractures. Bedrock and climate both control this rate, but topography influences bedrock in an interesting new way.
Matthew F. McCabe, Matthew Rodell, Douglas E. Alsdorf, Diego G. Miralles, Remko Uijlenhoet, Wolfgang Wagner, Arko Lucieer, Rasmus Houborg, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Trenton E. Franz, Jiancheng Shi, Huilin Gao, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3879–3914, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3879-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the opportunities and challenges that technological advances in Earth observation will present to the hydrological community. From advanced space-based sensors to unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based distributed networks, these emergent systems are set to revolutionize our understanding and interpretation of hydrological and related processes.
Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Martyn Clark, Luis Samaniego, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Tim van Emmerik, Remko Uijlenhoet, Kevin Achieng, Trenton E. Franz, and Ross Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3701–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this synthesis of hydrologic scaling and similarity, we assert that it is time for hydrology to embrace a fourth paradigm of data-intensive science. Advances in information-based hydrologic science, coupled with an explosion of hydrologic data and advances in parameter estimation and modeling, have laid the foundation for a data-driven framework for scrutinizing hydrological hypotheses. We call upon the community to develop a focused effort towards a fourth paradigm for hydrology.
Martyn P. Clark, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Luis Samaniego, Ross A. Woods, Remko Uijlenhoet, Katrina E. Bennett, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Xitian Cai, Andrew W. Wood, and Christa D. Peters-Lidard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3427–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3427-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3427-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The diversity in hydrologic models has led to controversy surrounding the “correct” approach to hydrologic modeling. In this paper we revisit key modeling challenges on requirements to (1) define suitable model equations, (2) define adequate model parameters, and (3) cope with limitations in computing power. We outline the historical modeling challenges, summarize modeling advances that address these challenges, and define outstanding research needs.
J. E. Jack Reeves Eyre and Xubin Zeng
The Cryosphere, 11, 1591–1605, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1591-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1591-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have used extensive air temperature measurements (~ 1400 station-years) to assess more than 10 gridded datasets over the Greenland ice sheet. We recommend the best datasets for estimating past melting of the ice sheet and show that choice of dataset is important for evaluating 31 earth system models. Most, but not all, of the datasets show similar history of temperature changes over the 20th century, and the earth system models generally capture long-term warming but not decadal variations.
Hidayat Hidayat, Adriaan J. Teuling, Bart Vermeulen, Muh Taufik, Karl Kastner, Tjitske J. Geertsema, Dinja C. C. Bol, Dirk H. Hoekman, Gadis Sri Haryani, Henny A. J. Van Lanen, Robert M. Delinom, Roel Dijksma, Gusti Z. Anshari, Nining S. Ningsih, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2579–2594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2579-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2579-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological prediction is crucial but in tropical lowland it is difficult, considering data scarcity and river system complexity. This study offers a view of the hydrology of two tropical lowlands in Indonesia. Both lowlands exhibit the important role of upstream wetlands in regulating the flow downstream. We expect that this work facilitates a better prediction of fire-prone conditions in these regions.
Christopher Shepard, Marcel G. Schaap, Jon D. Pelletier, and Craig Rasmussen
SOIL, 3, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-67-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-67-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we demonstrate the use of a probabilistic approach for quantifying soil physical properties and variability using time and environmental input. We applied this approach to a synthesis of soil chronosequences, i.e., soils that change with time. The model effectively predicted clay content across the soil chronosequences and for soils in complex terrain using soil depth as a proxy for hill slope. This model represents the first attempt to model soils from a probabilistic viewpoint.
Guillaume Nord, Brice Boudevillain, Alexis Berne, Flora Branger, Isabelle Braud, Guillaume Dramais, Simon Gérard, Jérôme Le Coz, Cédric Legoût, Gilles Molinié, Joel Van Baelen, Jean-Pierre Vandervaere, Julien Andrieu, Coralie Aubert, Martin Calianno, Guy Delrieu, Jacopo Grazioli, Sahar Hachani, Ivan Horner, Jessica Huza, Raphaël Le Boursicaud, Timothy H. Raupach, Adriaan J. Teuling, Magdalena Uber, Béatrice Vincendon, and Annette Wijbrans
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 221–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-221-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-221-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A high space–time resolution dataset linking hydrometeorological forcing and hydro-sedimentary response in a mesoscale catchment (Auzon, 116 km2) of the Ardèche region (France) is presented. This region is subject to precipitating systems of Mediterranean origin, which can result in significant rainfall amount. The data presented cover a period of 4 years (2011–2014) and aim at improving the understanding of processes triggering flash floods.
Lotte de Vos, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 765–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-765-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-765-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent developments have made it possible to easily crowdsource meteorological measurements from automatic personal weather stations worldwide. This has offered free access to rainfall ground measurements at spatial and temporal resolutions far exceeding those of national operational sensor networks, especially in cities. This paper is the first step to make optimal use of this promising source of rainfall measurements and identify challenges for future implementation for urban applications.
Richard Wehr, Róisín Commane, J. William Munger, J. Barry McManus, David D. Nelson, Mark S. Zahniser, Scott R. Saleska, and Steven C. Wofsy
Biogeosciences, 14, 389–401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-389-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf stomata influence both photosynthesis and transpiration, coupling the carbon and water cycles, but there is no direct method for estimating stomatal behavior on the ecosystem scale. We use the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of water, heat, and carbonyl sulfide to estimate canopy-integrated stomatal conductance by two independent methods. We then use that conductance to show that the seasonal dynamics of transpiration and evaporation are different than represented in current biosphere models.
Richard Wehr and Scott R. Saleska
Biogeosciences, 14, 17–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-17-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In 1969, Derek York published a highly general solution to the common problem of how to fit a straight line to points measured with error in both x and y. Unfortunately York's solution is almost unknown outside the geophysical literature, and new studies wrestle with the problem each year. We introduce York's solution and demonstrate it using an example from biogeochemistry: the isotopic mixing line. By Monte Carlo simulation, we show that York’s solution is superior to all popular fit methods.
Caitlin A. Orem and Jon D. Pelletier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4483–4501, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4483-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4483-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method that incorporates flood-envelope-curve methods, radar-derived precipitation data, and flow-routing algorithms to calculate frequency-magnitude-area curves (FMAC). Our results show that flood discharges increase as a power-law function for small contributing areas, but start to increase more slowly at higher contributing areas. We find that our FMACs have similar and/or higher flood discharges than published flood-envelope curves for the same areas.
Kaniska Mallick, Ivonne Trebs, Eva Boegh, Laura Giustarini, Martin Schlerf, Darren T. Drewry, Lucien Hoffmann, Celso von Randow, Bart Kruijt, Alessandro Araùjo, Scott Saleska, James R. Ehleringer, Tomas F. Domingues, Jean Pierre H. B. Ometto, Antonio D. Nobre, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes, Matthew Hayek, J. William Munger, and Steven C. Wofsy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4237–4264, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4237-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4237-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
While quantifying vegetation water use over multiple plant function types in the Amazon Basin, we found substantial biophysical control during drought as well as a water-stress period and dominant climatic control during a water surplus period. This work has direct implication in understanding the resilience of the Amazon forest in the spectre of frequent drought menace as well as the role of drought-induced plant biophysical functioning in modulating the water-carbon coupling in this ecosystem.
Carlotta Scudeler, Luke Pangle, Damiano Pasetto, Guo-Yue Niu, Till Volkmann, Claudio Paniconi, Mario Putti, and Peter Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4061–4078, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Very few studies have applied a physically based hydrological model with integrated and distributed multivariate observation data of both flow and transport phenomena. In this study we address this challenge for a hillslope-scale unsaturated zone isotope tracer experiment. The results show how model complexity evolves as the number and detail of simulated responses increases. Possible gaps in process representation for simulating solute transport phenomena in very dry soils are discussed.
Anne F. Van Loon, Kerstin Stahl, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Julian Clark, Sally Rangecroft, Niko Wanders, Tom Gleeson, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, Lena M. Tallaksen, Jamie Hannaford, Remko Uijlenhoet, Adriaan J. Teuling, David M. Hannah, Justin Sheffield, Mark Svoboda, Boud Verbeiren, Thorsten Wagener, and Henny A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3631–3650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the Anthropocene, drought cannot be viewed as a natural hazard independent of people. Drought can be alleviated or made worse by human activities and drought impacts are dependent on a myriad of factors. In this paper, we identify research gaps and suggest a framework that will allow us to adequately analyse and manage drought in the Anthropocene. We need to focus on attribution of drought to different drivers, linking drought to its impacts, and feedbacks between drought and society.
C. Z. van de Beek, H. Leijnse, P. Hazenberg, and R. Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3837–3850, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative precipitation estimation using weather radar is affected by many sources of error. This study is an attempt to separate and quantify sources of error very close to the radar. A 3-day event is analyzed using radar, rain gauge and disdrometer data. Without correction, the radar severely underestimates the total rain amount by more than 50 %. After correction for the errors, a good match with rain gauge measurements is found, with 5 to 8 % difference.
Takeo Yoshida and Peter A. Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-263, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Studies in volcanic catchments have revealed two hydrological signatures significantly correlated with the age of the bedrock. To understand why such a simple relations have emerged, we used a hydrological model and conducted a numerical experiment. We found younger catchments require longer for the transmission zone storage to fill and empty, take longer to release water from deep aquifers, and have greater recharge to deep aquifers, supporting the hypotheses formulated by the empirical study.
Jon D. Pelletier, Mary H. Nichols, and Mark A. Nearing
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 471–488, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-471-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-471-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents that a shift from grassland to shrubland within the past few thousand years has caused erosion rates to increase more than 10-fold and drainage density to increase approximately 3-fold in areas of otherwise similar climate and geology at a study site in Arizona. We provide a mathematical model that predicts the observed drainage density under both grassland and shrubland conditions. In the model application we are able to tightly constrain every parameter.
Lieke Melsen, Adriaan Teuling, Paul Torfs, Massimiliano Zappa, Naoki Mizukami, Martyn Clark, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2207–2226, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2207-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2207-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigated the sensitivity of a large-domain hydrological model for spatial and temporal resolution. We evaluated the results on a mesoscale catchment in Switzerland. Our results show that the model was hardly sensitive for the spatial resolution, which implies that spatial variability is likely underestimated. Our results provide a motivation to improve the representation of spatial variability in hydrological models in order to increase their credibility on a smaller scale.
Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2425–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2425-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2425-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave links in commercial cellular communication networks hold a promise for areal rainfall monitoring and could complement rainfall estimates from ground-based weather radars, rain gauges, and satellites. It has been shown that country-wide rainfall maps can be derived from the signal attenuations of microwave links in such a network. Here we give a detailed description of the employed rainfall retrieval algorithm and the corresponding code, which is freely provided at GitHub.
Jon D. Pelletier and Jason P. Field
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 391–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-391-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-391-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The law of the wall is one of the fundamental equations at the boundary of atmospheric sciences and aeolian geomorphology. In this paper, we quantify the relationship between the key parameter of the law of the wall, i.e., the roughness length, and measures of microtopography. We propose a method for predicting the roughness length that works for landscapes with microtopography over a wide range of spatial scales. The method is tested against approximately 60 000 measurements of roughness length.
Takeo Yoshida and Peter A. Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1133–1150, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1133-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1133-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We derived indices of landscape properties as well as hydrological response and examined their relation with catchment age and climate. We found significant correlation between drainage density and baseflow index with age, but not with climate. We compared our data with data from volcanic catchments in Oregon and could confirm that baseflow index decreases with time, but also discovered that drainage density seems to stabilize after 2M years, after an initial increase due to landscape incision.
Xavier Zapata-Rios, Paul D. Brooks, Peter A. Troch, Jennifer McIntosh, and Craig Rasmussen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1103–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1103-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1103-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify how climate variability in the last 3 decades (1984–2012) has affected water availability and the temporal trends in effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT). This study takes place in the Jemez River basin in northern New Mexico. Results from this study indicated a decreasing trend in water availability, a reduction in forest productivity (4 g C m−2 per 10 mm of reduction in precipitation), and decreasing EEMT (1.2–1.3 MJ m2 decade−1).
Rohini Kumar, Jude L. Musuuza, Anne F. Van Loon, Adriaan J. Teuling, Roland Barthel, Jurriaan Ten Broek, Juliane Mai, Luis Samaniego, and Sabine Attinger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1117–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1117-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1117-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In a maiden attempt, we performed a multiscale evaluation of the widely used SPI to characterize local- and regional-scale groundwater (GW) droughts using observations at 2040 groundwater wells in Germany and the Netherlands. From this data-based exploratory analysis, we provide sufficient evidence regarding the inability of the SPI to characterize GW drought events, and stress the need for more GW observations and accounting for regional hydrogeological characteristics in GW drought monitoring.
Lieke A. Melsen, Adriaan J. Teuling, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, Remko Uijlenhoet, Naoki Mizukami, and Martyn P. Clark
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1069-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1069-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A meta-analysis on 192 peer-reviewed articles reporting applications of a land surface model in a distributed way reveals that the spatial resolution at which the model is applied has increased over the years, while the calibration and validation time interval has remained unchanged. We argue that the calibration and validation time interval should keep pace with the increase in spatial resolution in order to resolve the processes that are relevant at the applied spatial resolution.
A. M. Womack, P. E. Artaxo, F. Y. Ishida, R. C. Mueller, S. R. Saleska, K. T. Wiedemann, B. J. M. Bohannan, and J. L. Green
Biogeosciences, 12, 6337–6349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6337-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6337-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Fungi in the atmosphere can affect precipitation by nucleating the formation of clouds and ice. This process is important over the Amazon rainforest where precipitation is limited by the types and amount of airborne particles. We found that the total and metabolically active fungi communities were dominated by different taxonomic groups, and the active community unexpectedly contained many lichen fungi, which are effective at nucleating ice.
M. F. Rios Gaona, A. Overeem, H. Leijnse, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3571–3584, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial cellular networks are built for telecommunication purposes. These kinds of networks have lately been used to obtain rainfall maps at country-wide scales. From previous studies, we now quantify the uncertainties associated with such maps. To do so, we divided the sources or error into two categories: from microwave link measurements and from mapping. It was found that the former is the source that contributes the most to the overall error in rainfall maps from microwave link network.
A. I. Stegehuis, R. Vautard, P. Ciais, A. J. Teuling, D. G. Miralles, and M. Wild
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2285–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2285-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2285-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Many climate models have difficulties in properly reproducing climate extremes such as heat wave conditions. We use a regional climate model with different atmospheric physics schemes to simulate the heat wave events of 2003 in western Europe and 2010 in Russia. The five best-performing and diverse physics scheme combinations may be used in the future to perform heat wave analysis and to investigate the impact of climate change in summer in Europe.
O. Rakovec, A. H. Weerts, J. Sumihar, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2911–2924, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2911-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2911-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first analysis of the asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter in hydrological forecasting. The results of discharge assimilation into a hydrological model for the catchment show that including past predictions and observations in the filter improves model forecasts. Additionally, we show that elimination of the strongly non-linear relation between soil moisture and assimilated discharge observations from the model update becomes beneficial for improved operational forecasting.
O. Crouvi, V. O. Polyakov, J. D. Pelletier, and C. Rasmussen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-251-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-251-2015, 2015
L. Rowland, A. Harper, B. O. Christoffersen, D. R. Galbraith, H. M. A. Imbuzeiro, T. L. Powell, C. Doughty, N. M. Levine, Y. Malhi, S. R. Saleska, P. R. Moorcroft, P. Meir, and M. Williams
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1097–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1097-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1097-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the capability of five vegetation models to simulate the response of forest productivity to changes in temperature and drought, using data collected from an Amazonian forest. This study concludes that model consistencies in the responses of net canopy carbon production to temperature and precipitation change were the result of inconsistently modelled leaf-scale process responses and substantial variation in modelled leaf area responses.
C. C. van Heerwaarden and A. J. Teuling
Biogeosciences, 11, 6159–6171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6159-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6159-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This study disentangles the response of forest and grassland to heatwaves, to interpret the findings of Teuling et al. (2010), who found systematically higher temperatures over forests than over grasslands in European heatwaves. By means of a study with a simple coupled land–atmosphere model, we show that the increase in stomatal resistance of vegetation under high values of vapor pressure deficit explains most of the differences and that this increase is enhanced by boundary layer feedbacks.
R. Rosolem, T. Hoar, A. Arellano, J. L. Anderson, W. J. Shuttleworth, X. Zeng, and T. E. Franz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4363–4379, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4363-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4363-2014, 2014
C. C. Brauer, A. J. Teuling, P. J. J. F. Torfs, and R. Uijlenhoet
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2313–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2313-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2313-2014, 2014
C. C. Brauer, P. J. J. F. Torfs, A. J. Teuling, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4007–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4007-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4007-2014, 2014
P. Shao, X. Zeng, and X. Zeng
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-991-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-991-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
J. D. Pelletier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 455–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-455-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-455-2014, 2014
B. P. Guillod, B. Orlowsky, D. Miralles, A. J. Teuling, P. D. Blanken, N. Buchmann, P. Ciais, M. Ek, K. L. Findell, P. Gentine, B. R. Lintner, R. L. Scott, B. Van den Hurk, and S. I. Seneviratne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 8343–8367, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8343-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8343-2014, 2014
G.-Y. Niu, D. Pasetto, C. Scudeler, C. Paniconi, M. Putti, P. A. Troch, S. B. DeLong, K. Dontsova, L. Pangle, D. D. Breshears, J. Chorover, T. E. Huxman, J. Pelletier, S. R. Saleska, and X. Zeng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1873–1883, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1873-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Hillslope hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Energy efficiency in transient surface runoff and sediment fluxes on hillslopes – a concept to quantify the effectiveness of extreme events
Morphological controls on surface runoff: an interpretation of steady-state energy patterns, maximum power states and dissipation regimes within a thermodynamic framework
Soil moisture: variable in space but redundant in time
A history of the concept of time of concentration
Are dissolved organic carbon concentrations in riparian groundwater linked to hydrological pathways in the boreal forest?
The influence of diurnal snowmelt and transpiration on hillslope throughflow and stream response
Slope–velocity equilibrium and evolution of surface roughness on a stony hillslope
Assessment of land use impact on hydraulic threshold conditions for gully head cut initiation
Technical note: Inference in hydrology from entropy balance considerations
Ecohydrological effects of stream–aquifer water interaction: a case study of the Heihe River basin, northwestern China
Impacts of climate variability on wetland salinization in the North American prairies
Resolving structural errors in a spatially distributed hydrologic model using ensemble Kalman filter state updates
Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China
Addressing secondary school students' everyday ideas about freshwater springs in order to develop an instructional tool to promote conceptual reconstruction
Hydrological heterogeneity in Mediterranean reclaimed slopes: runoff and sediment yield at the patch and slope scales along a gradient of overland flow
Effect of hydraulic parameters on sediment transport capacity in overland flow over erodible beds
Large-scale runoff generation – parsimonious parameterisation using high-resolution topography
Estimating surface fluxes over middle and upper streams of the Heihe River Basin with ASTER imagery
Seasonal evaluation of the land surface scheme HTESSEL against remote sensing derived energy fluxes of the Transdanubian region in Hungary
Analysis of surface soil moisture patterns in agricultural landscapes using Empirical Orthogonal Functions
Modelling field scale water partitioning using on-site observations in sub-Saharan rainfed agriculture
Evaluation of alternative formulae for calculation of surface temperature in snowmelt models using frequency analysis of temperature observations
Growth of a high-elevation large inland lake, associated with climate change and permafrost degradation in Tibet
Selection of an appropriately simple storm runoff model
Spatial mapping of leaf area index using hyperspectral remote sensing for hydrological applications with a particular focus on canopy interception
Use of satellite-derived data for characterization of snow cover and simulation of snowmelt runoff through a distributed physically based model of runoff generation
A contribution to understanding the turbidity behaviour in an Amazon floodplain
Global spatial optimization with hydrological systems simulation: application to land-use allocation and peak runoff minimization
Implementing small scale processes at the soil-plant interface – the role of root architectures for calculating root water uptake profiles
Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity
Modelling the inorganic nitrogen behaviour in a small Mediterranean forested catchment, Fuirosos (Catalonia)
Soil bioengineering for risk mitigation and environmental restoration in a humid tropical area
Climate and terrain factors explaining streamflow response and recession in Australian catchments
Soil moisture active and passive microwave products: intercomparison and evaluation over a Sahelian site
Characteristics of 2-D convective structures in Catalonia (NE Spain): an analysis using radar data and GIS
The contribution of groundwater discharge to the overall water budget of two typical Boreal lakes in Alberta/Canada estimated from a radon mass balance
Actual daily evapotranspiration estimated from MERIS and AATSR data over the Chinese Loess Plateau
Calibration analysis for water storage variability of the global hydrological model WGHM
Earth's Critical Zone and hydropedology: concepts, characteristics, and advances
Reducing scale dependence in TOPMODEL using a dimensionless topographic index
Spatial variation in soil active-layer geochemistry across hydrologic margins in polar desert ecosystems
Nitrogen retention in natural Mediterranean wetland-streams affected by agricultural runoff
Recent trends in groundwater levels in a highly seasonal hydrological system: the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta
Water availability, demand and reliability of in situ water harvesting in smallholder rain-fed agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa
Variability of the groundwater sulfate concentration in fractured rock slopes: a tool to identify active unstable areas
Copula based multisite model for daily precipitation simulation
Solid phase evolution in the Biosphere 2 hillslope experiment as predicted by modeling of hydrologic and geochemical fluxes
Deriving a global river network map and its sub-grid topographic characteristics from a fine-resolution flow direction map
Surface water acidification and critical loads: exploring the F-factor
Modelling runoff at the plot scale taking into account rainfall partitioning by vegetation: application to stemflow of banana (Musa spp.) plant
Samuel Schroers, Ulrike Scherer, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2535–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2535-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrological cycle shapes our landscape. With an accelerating change of the world's climate and hydrological dynamics, concepts of evolution of natural systems become more important. In this study, we elaborated a thermodynamic framework for runoff and sediment transport and show from model results as well as from measurements during extreme events that the developed concept is useful for understanding the evolution of the system's mass, energy, and entropy fluxes.
Samuel Schroers, Olivier Eiff, Axel Kleidon, Ulrike Scherer, Jan Wienhöfer, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3125–3150, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In hydrology the formation of landform patterns is of special interest as changing forcings of the natural systems, such as climate or land use, will change these structures. In our study we developed a thermodynamic framework for surface runoff on hillslopes and highlight the differences of energy conversion patterns on two related spatial and temporal scales. The results indicate that surface runoff on hillslopes approaches a maximum power state.
Mirko Mälicke, Sibylle K. Hassler, Theresa Blume, Markus Weiler, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2633–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2633-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2633-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We could show that distributed soil moisture time series bear a considerable amount of information about dynamic changes in soil moisture. We developed a new method to describe spatial patterns and analyze their persistency. By combining uncertainty propagation with information theory, we were able to calculate the information content of spatial similarity with respect to measurement uncertainty. This does help to understand when and why the soil is drying in an organized manner.
Keith J. Beven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2655–2670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2655-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2655-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The concept of time of concentration in the analysis of catchment responses dates back over 150 years. It is normally discussed in terms of the velocity of flow of a water particle from the furthest part of a catchment to the outlet. This is also the basis for the definition in the International Glossary of Hydrology, but this is in conflict with the way in which it is commonly used. This paper provides a clarification of the concept and its correct useage.
Stefan W. Ploum, Hjalmar Laudon, Andrés Peralta-Tapia, and Lenka Kuglerová
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1709–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1709-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1709-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Near-stream areas, or riparian zones, are important for the health of streams and rivers. If these areas are disturbed by forestry or other anthropogenic activity, the water quality and all life in streams may be at risk. We examined which riparian areas are particularly sensitive. We found that only a few wet areas bring most of the rainwater from the landscape to the stream, and they have a unique water quality. In order to maintain healthy streams and rivers, these areas should be protected.
Brett Woelber, Marco P. Maneta, Joel Harper, Kelsey G. Jencso, W. Payton Gardner, Andrew C. Wilcox, and Ignacio López-Moreno
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4295–4310, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4295-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4295-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrology of high-elevation headwaters in midlatitudes is typically dominated by snow processes, which are very sensitive to changes in energy inputs at the top of the snowpack. We present a data analyses that reveal how snowmelt and transpiration waves induced by the diurnal solar cycle generate water pressure fluctuations that propagate through the snowpack–hillslope–stream system. Changes in diurnal energy inputs alter these pressure cycles with potential ecohydrological consequences.
Mark A. Nearing, Viktor O. Polyakov, Mary H. Nichols, Mariano Hernandez, Li Li, Ying Zhao, and Gerardo Armendariz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3221–3229, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3221-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3221-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents novel scientific understanding about the way that hillslope surfaces form when exposed to rainfall erosion, and the way those surfaces interact with and influence runoff velocities during rain events. The data show that hillslope surfaces form such that flow velocities are independent of slope gradient and dependent on flow rates alone. This result represents a shift in thinking about surface water runoff.
Aliakbar Nazari Samani, Qiuwen Chen, Shahram Khalighi, Robert James Wasson, and Mohammad Reza Rahdari
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3005–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3005-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3005-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We hypothesized that land use had important effects on hydraulic threshold conditions for gully head cut initiation. We investigated the effects using an experimental plot. The results indicated that the use of a threshold value of τcr = 35 dyne cm−2 and ωu = 0.4 Cm S−1 in physically based soil erosion models is susceptible to high uncertainty when assessing gully erosion.
Stefan J. Kollet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2801–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2801-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2801-2016, 2016
Yujin Zeng, Zhenghui Xie, Yan Yu, Shuang Liu, Linying Wang, Binghao Jia, Peihua Qin, and Yaning Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2333–2352, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2333-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2333-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In arid areas, stream–aquifer water exchange essentially sustains the growth and subsistence of riparian ecosystem. To quantify this effect for intensity and range, a stream–riverbank scheme was incorporated into a state-of-the-art land model, and some runs were set up over Heihe River basin, northwestern China. The results show that the hydrology circle is significantly changed, and the ecological system is benefitted greatly by the river water lateral transfer within a 1 km range to the stream.
U. Nachshon, A. Ireson, G. van der Kamp, S. R. Davies, and H. S. Wheater
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1251–1263, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1251-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1251-2014, 2014
J. H. Spaaks and W. Bouten
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3455–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3455-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3455-2013, 2013
S. Han, D. Xu, and S. Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3115–3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3115-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3115-2012, 2012
S. Reinfried, S. Tempelmann, and U. Aeschbacher
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1365–1377, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1365-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1365-2012, 2012
L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-de las Heras, S. Pérez-Domingo, T. Espigares, and J. M. Nicolau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1305–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1305-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1305-2012, 2012
M. Ali, G. Sterk, M. Seeger, M. Boersema, and P. Peters
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 591–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-591-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-591-2012, 2012
L. Gong, S. Halldin, and C.-Y. Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2481–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2481-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2481-2011, 2011
W. Ma, Y. Ma, Z. Hu, Z. Su, J. Wang, and H. Ishikawa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1403–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1403-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1403-2011, 2011
E. L. Wipfler, K. Metselaar, J. C. van Dam, R. A. Feddes, E. van Meijgaard, L. H. van Ulft, B. van den Hurk, S. J. Zwart, and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1257–1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1257-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1257-2011, 2011
W. Korres, C. N. Koyama, P. Fiener, and K. Schneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 751–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-751-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-751-2010, 2010
H. Makurira, H. H. G. Savenije, and S. Uhlenbrook
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 627–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-627-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-627-2010, 2010
C. H. Luce and D. G. Tarboton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 535–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-535-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-535-2010, 2010
J. Liu, S. Kang, T. Gong, and A. Lu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 481–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-481-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-481-2010, 2010
A. I. J. M. van Dijk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 447–458, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-447-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-447-2010, 2010
H. H. Bulcock and G. P. W. Jewitt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 383–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-383-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-383-2010, 2010
L. S. Kuchment, P. Romanov, A. N. Gelfan, and V. N. Demidov
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 339–350, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-339-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-339-2010, 2010
E. Alcântara, E. Novo, J. Stech, J. Lorenzzetti, C. Barbosa, A. Assireu, and A. Souza
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 351–364, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-351-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-351-2010, 2010
I.-Y. Yeo and J.-M. Guldmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-325-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-325-2010, 2010
C. L. Schneider, S. Attinger, J.-O. Delfs, and A. Hildebrandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 279–289, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-279-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-279-2010, 2010
G. Baroni, A. Facchi, C. Gandolfi, B. Ortuani, D. Horeschi, and J. C. van Dam
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-251-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-251-2010, 2010
C. Medici, S. Bernal, A. Butturini, F. Sabater, M. Martin, A. J. Wade, and F. Frances
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 223–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-223-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-223-2010, 2010
A. Petrone and F. Preti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 239–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-239-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-239-2010, 2010
A. I. J. M. van Dijk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 159–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-159-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-159-2010, 2010
C. Gruhier, P. de Rosnay, S. Hasenauer, T. Holmes, R. de Jeu, Y. Kerr, E. Mougin, E. Njoku, F. Timouk, W. Wagner, and M. Zribi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 141–156, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-141-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-141-2010, 2010
M. Barnolas, T. Rigo, and M. C. Llasat
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 129–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-129-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-129-2010, 2010
A. Schmidt, J. J. Gibson, I. R. Santos, M. Schubert, K. Tattrie, and H. Weiss
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 79–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-79-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-79-2010, 2010
R. Liu, J. Wen, X. Wang, L. Wang, H. Tian, T. T. Zhang, X. K. Shi, J. H. Zhang, and SH. N. Lv
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 47–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-47-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-47-2010, 2010
S. Werth and A. Güntner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-59-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-59-2010, 2010
H. Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 25–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-25-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-25-2010, 2010
A. Ducharne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2399–2412, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2399-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2399-2009, 2009
J. E. Barrett, M. N. Gooseff, and C. Takacs-Vesbach
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2349–2358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2349-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2349-2009, 2009
V. García-García, R. Gómez, M. R. Vidal-Abarca, and M. L. Suárez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2359–2371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2359-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2359-2009, 2009
M. Shamsudduha, R. E. Chandler, R. G. Taylor, and K. M. Ahmed
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2373–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2373-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2373-2009, 2009
J. C. M. Andersson, A. J. B. Zehnder, G. P. W. Jewitt, and H. Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2329–2347, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2329-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2329-2009, 2009
S. Binet, L. Spadini, C. Bertrand, Y. Guglielmi, J. Mudry, and C. Scavia
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2315–2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2315-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2315-2009, 2009
A. Bárdossy and G. G. S. Pegram
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2299–2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2299-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2299-2009, 2009
K. Dontsova, C. I. Steefel, S. Desilets, A. Thompson, and J. Chorover
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2273–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2273-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2273-2009, 2009
D. Yamazaki, T. Oki, and S. Kanae
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2241–2251, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2241-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2241-2009, 2009
L. Rapp and K. Bishop
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2191–2201, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2191-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2191-2009, 2009
J.-B. Charlier, R. Moussa, P. Cattan, Y.-M. Cabidoche, and M. Voltz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2151–2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2151-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2151-2009, 2009
Cited articles
Abdul, A. S. and Gillham, R. W.: Laboratory studies of the effects of the capillary fringe on streamflow generation, Water Resour. Res., 20, 691–698, 1984.
Abdul, A. S. and Gillham, R. W.: Field studies of the effects of the capillary fringe on streamflow generation, J. Hydrol., 112, 1–18, 1989.
Anderson, M. G. and Burt, T. P.: The role of topography in controlling throughflow generation, Earth Surf. Process., 3, 331–344, 1978.
Bernier, P. Y.: Variable source areas and storm-flow generation: An update of the concept and a simulation effort, J. Hydrol., 79, 195–213, 1985.
Beven, K.: Hillslope hydrographs by the finite element method, Earth Surf. Process., 2, 13–28, 1977.
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils revisited, Water Resour. Res., 49, 3071–3092, 2013.
Beven, K. and Kirkby, M. J.: A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrolog. Sci. Bull., 24, 43–69, 1979.
Brauer, C. C., Teuling, A. J., Overeem, A., van der Velde, Y., Hazenberg, P., Warmerdam, P. M. M., and Uijlenhoet, R.: Anatomy of extraordinary rainfall and flash flood in a Dutch lowland catchment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1991–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1991-2011, 2011.
Burnash, R. J., Ferral, R. L., and McGuire, R. A.: A generalized streamflow simulation system: conceptual modeling for digital computers, US Department of Commerce National Weather Service and State of California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, California, USA, 1973.
Buttle, J. M. and Sami, K.: Testing the groundwater ridging hypothesis of streamflow generation during snowmelt in a forested catchment, J. Hydrol., 135, 53–72, 1992.
Cloke, H. L., Anderson, M. G., McDonnell, J. J., and Renaud, J.-P.: Using numerical modeling to evaluate the capillary fringe groundwater ridging hypothesis of streamflow generation, J. Hydrol., 316, 141–162, 2006.
Culligan, P. J., Barry, D. A., Parlange, J. Y., Steenhuis, T. S., and Haverkamp, R.: Infiltration with controlled air escape, Water Resour. Res., 36, 781–785, 2000.
Dixon, R. M. and Linden, D. R.: Soil air pressure and water infiltration under border irrigation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 36, 948–953, 1972.
Duan, Q., Schaake, J., and Koren, V.: A priori estimation of land surface model parameters, in: Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate: Observation and Modeling, Water Sci. and Appl. 3, edited by: Lakshmi, V., Albertson, J., and Schaake, J., AGU, Washington, D.C., 77–94, 2001.
Dunne, T.: Field studies of hillslope flow processes, in: Hillslope Hydrology, edited by: Kirkby, M. J. and Chorley, R. J., Wiley, Chichester, 227–293, 1978.
Dunne, T. and Black, R. D.: Partial area contributions to storm runoff in a small New England watershed, Water Resour. Res., 6, 1296–1311, 1970.
Dunne, T., Moore, T. R., and Taylor, C. H.: Recognition and prediction of runoff-producing zones in humid regions, Hydrolog. Sci. Bull., 20, 305–327, 1975.
Fiori, A., Romanelli, M., Cavalli, D. J., and Russo, D.: Numerical experiments of streamflow generation in steep catchments, J. Hydrol., 339, 183–192, 2007.
Freeze, R. A.: Role of subsurface flow in generating surface runoff: 2. Upstream source areas, Water Resour. Res., 8, 1272–1283, 1972.
Freeze, R. A.: Streamflow generation, Rev. Geophys., 12, 627–647, 1974.
Gillham, R. W.: The capillary fringe and its effect on water table response, J. Hydrol., 67, 307–324, 1984.
Hofer, M., Lehmann, P., Stähli, M., Seifert, S., and Krafczyk, M.: Two approaches to modeling the initiation and development of rills in a man-made catchment, Water Resour. Res., 48, W01531, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010719, 2012.
Hopp, L., Harman, C., Desilets, S. L. E., Graham, C. B., McDonnell, J. J., and Troch, P. A.: Hillslope hydrology under glass: confronting fundamental questions of soil-water-biota co-evolution at Biosphere 2, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2105–2118, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2105-2009, 2009.
Huxman, T., Troch, P. A., Chorover, J., Breshears, D. D., Saleska, S., Pelletier, J., and Zeng, X.: The Hills are Alive: Earth Science in a Controlled Environment, EOS Trans. AGU, 90, 120–120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009EO140003, 2009.
Nguyen, H. T., Wiatr, T., Fernández-Steeger, T. M., Reicherter, K., Rodrigues, D. M. M., and Azzam, R.: Landslide hazard and cascading effects following the extreme rainfall event on Madeira Island (February 2010), Nat. Hazards, 65, 635–652, 2013.
Niu, G.-Y., Pasetto, D., Scudeler, C., Paniconi, C., Putti, M., Troch, P. A., DeLong, S. B., Dontsova, K., Pangle, L., Breshears, D. D., Chorover, J., Huxman, T. E., Pelletier, J., Saleska, S. R., and Zeng, X.: Incipient subsurface heterogeneity and its effect on overland flow generation – insight from a modeling study of the first experiment at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1873–1883, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1873-2014, 2014.
Novakowski, K.-S. and Gillham, R. W.: Field investigations of the nature of water-table response to precipitation in shallow water-table environments, J. Hydrol., 97, 23–32, 1988.
O'Loughlin, E. M.: Saturation regions in catchments and their relations to soil and topographic properties, J. Hydrol., 53, 229–246, 1981.
Phi, S., Clarke, W., and Li, L.: Laboratory and numerical investigations of hillslope soil saturation development and runoff generation over rainfall events, J. Hydrol., 493, 1–15, 2013.
Robinson, J. S. and Sivapalan, M.: Instantaneous response functions of overland flow and subsurface stormflow for catchment models, Hydrol. Process., 10, 845–862, 1996.
Sklash, M. G. and Farvolden, R. N.: The role of groundwater in storm runoff, J. Hydrol, 43, 45–65, 1979.
Starr, J. L., DeRoo, H. C., Frink, C. R., and Parlange, J.-Y.: Leaching characteristics of a layered field soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42, 386–391, 1978.
Troch, P. A., Paniconi, C., and van Loon, E. E.: The hillslope-storage Boussinesq model for subsurface flow and variable source areas along complex hillslopes: 1. Formulation and characteristic response, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1316, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001728, 2003.
Turner, T. R., Duke, S. D., Fransen, B. R., Reiter, M. L., Kroll, A. J., Ward, J. W., Bach, J. L., Justice, T. E., and Bilby, R. E.: Landslide densities associated with rainfall, stand age, and topography on forested landscapes, southwestern Washington, USA, J. Hydrol., 259, 2233–2247, 2010.
van Esse, W. R., Perrin, C., Booij, M. J., Augustijn, D. C. M., Fenicia, F., Kavetski, D., and Lobligeois, F.: The influence of conceptual model structure on model performance: a comparative study for 237 French catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4227–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4227-2013, 2013.
Ward, R. C.: On the response to precipitation of headwater streams in humid areas, J. Hydrol., 74, 171–189, 1984.
Waswa, G. W., Clulow, A. D., Freese, C., Le Roux, P. A. L., and Lorentz, S. A.: Transient pressure waves in the vadose zone and the rapid water table response, Vadose Zone J., 12, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0054, 2013.
Wilson, C. J., and Dietrich, W. E.: The contribution of bedrock groundwater flow to storm runoff and high pore pressure development in hollows, Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, Int. Assoc. Hydrol. Sciences Pub. No. 165, IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK, 49–59, 1987.
Zhao, R. J.: The Xinanjiang model applied to China, J. Hydrol., 135, 371–381, 1984.
