the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Scaling, similarity, and the fourth paradigm for hydrology
Christa D. Peters-Lidard
Martyn Clark
Luis Samaniego
Niko E. C. Verhoest
Tim van Emmerik
Remko Uijlenhoet
Kevin Achieng
Trenton E. Franz
Ross Woods
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This study introduces a new 3D lake–ice–atmosphere coupled model that significantly improves winter climate simulations for the Great Lakes compared to traditional 1D lake model coupling. The key contribution is the identification of critical hydrodynamic processes – ice transport, heat advection, and shear-driven turbulence production – that influence lake thermal structure and ice cover and explain the superior performance of 3D lake models to their 1D counterparts.
This study introduces a new 3D lake–ice–atmosphere coupled model that significantly improves winter climate simulations for the Great Lakes compared to traditional 1D lake model coupling. The key contribution is the identification of critical hydrodynamic processes – ice transport, heat advection, and shear-driven turbulence production – that influence lake thermal structure and ice cover and explain the superior performance of 3D lake models to their 1D counterparts.
acceptabledo not necessarily translate well into understanding of the KGE metric.
hydro-climatic biomescorrespond to regions of coherent climate–vegetation interactions that agree well with traditional global land cover maps.