Articles | Volume 25, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4209-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4209-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 30 Jul 2021
| 30 Jul 2021
Comprehensive evaluation of satellite-based and reanalysis soil moisture products using in situ observations over China
Xiaolu Ling
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of
Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
Ying Huang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Weidong Guo
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Yixin Wang
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Chaorong Chen
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Bo Qiu
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, School of
Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth
System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of
Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
Yong Xue
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of
Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
Jian Peng
Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ehsan Modiri, Oldrich Rakovec, Pallav Kumar Shrestha, Almudena García-García, Leandro Avila, Katie Blackford, Elizabeth Cooper, Bram Droppers, Paolo Filippucci, Milan Fischer, Matěj Orság, Pietro Stradiotti, Luca Brocca, Douglas B. Clark, Wouter Dorigo, Stefan Kollet, Jian Peng, Niko Wanders, and Luis Samaniego
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1012, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
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Drought impacts water supply, agriculture, and ecosystems, yet hydrological models often disagree on when and where drought occurs. This study tested whether satellite observations can improve how models represent soil moisture drought in the Rhine River basin. Using several models and major drought events, we show that satellite data improve spatial realism and reveal important differences among models, helping to better understand uncertainty in drought monitoring and early warning.
Lingfeng Li, Bo Qiu, Siwen Zhao, Xin Miao, Chaorong Chen, Jiuyi Chen, Yueyang Ni, Xin Huang, Haishan Chen, and Weidong Guo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1335, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1335, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Ground-level ozone can harm plant photosynthesis, but models describe these effects in different ways. In this study, we implemented six ozone damage schemes in a land surface model and compared their behaviour within a unified framework. We also improved one scheme by using observations of leaf lifespan to better represent how ozone stress accumulates and recovers in plants. This work helps identify key differences among schemes and supports the development of more realistic models.
Huiru Zhong, Lu Shen, Fengwei Wan, Meng Qu, and Kai Qin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1349, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1349, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
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Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, yet existing satellite and ground observations in China are too sparse to accurately quantify emissions, highlighting the need for an expanded ground network. Using Bayesian inversion and simulated annealing, we identify optimal locations for new sites. Results show that prioritizing stations in eastern and southwestern China would be most effective. Expanding the network with 50 stations could nearly double the current emission constraint capability.
Luoyao Guan, Jason Blake Cohen, Shuo Wang, Pravash Tiwari, Zhewen Liu, Zhengqiang Li, and Kai Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 3107–3123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3107-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3107-2026, 2026
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This study examines how black carbon particles from the coal industry influence regional climate by absorbing sunlight. Based on ground measurements and modeling, we find that conventional approaches, which oversimplify particle size and structure, which could leading a bias in terms of their warming effect. Our results highlight that more realistic particle characterizations are crucial for improving climate predictions in industrial regions.
Pravash Tiwari, Jason Blake Cohen, Hongrui Gao, Lingxiao Lu, Jun Wang, Oleg Dubovik, and Kai Qin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-363, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-363, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Uncertainties in black carbon forcing persist due to the complex interplay of its microphysical properties. In this study, we integrated observations with physics-based simulations and machine learning to link microphysical variability to regional instantaneous forcing. We reveal that black carbon can either warm or cool the top of the atmosphere depending on its microphysics and abundance. Such nonlinear interactions must be explicitly considered to improve future radiative assessments.
Bo Zheng, Jason Blake Cohen, Lingxiao Lu, Wei Hu, Pravash Tiwari, Simone Lolli, Andrea Garzelli, Hui Su, and Kai Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1931–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1931-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1931-2026, 2026
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This study provides TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) with a new methane emission estimation method that can accurately identify emission sources. Our results generate non-negative emission datasets using objective selection and filtering methods. The results include lower minimum emission thresholds for all power grids and fewer false positives. The new method provides more robust emission quantification in the face of data uncertainty, going beyond traditional plume identification and background subtraction.
Zanpin Xing, Xiaojun Li, Frédéric Frappart, Gabrielle De Lannoy, Thomas Jagdhuber, Jian Peng, Lei Fan, Hongliang Ma, Karthikeyan Lanka, Xiangzhuo Liu, Mengjia Wang, Lin Zhao, Yongqin Liu, and Jean-Pierre Wigneron
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-728, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-728, 2026
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
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Satellite observations of Earth's land surface are important for tracking soil and vegetation water. We use data from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite to build a new product that cleans the raw microwave signal and yields more reliable estimates of soil moisture and vegetation water content. Tests against ground stations and other satellites show that the new record exceeds existing products and can support applications such as drought, freeze–thaw, and carbon monitoring.
Zhewen Liu, Jason B. Cohen, Pravash Tiwari, Luoyao Guan, Shuo Wang, Zhengqiang Li, and Kai Qin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 507–533, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-507-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-507-2026, 2026
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Black carbon (BC), emitted from fires, industry, and fossil fuels, warms the climate and worsens air quality. Due to complex physical and optical properties, BC remains poorly constrained. We combined satellite observations with physical models to build a daily, high-resolution, decadal global dataset of BC mass, number, size, and mixing details. The data contains both known sources and new hotspots. These results can support climate models, satellite products, and pollution mitigation.
Ye Feng, Jason Blake Cohen, Xiaolu Li, Lingxiao Lu, Zhewen Liu, Lei Wang, Jian Liu, and Kai Qin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5890, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5890, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
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Carbon monoxide emissions in Central Asia's coal-heavy regions, like Xinjiang Province and Kazakhstan, are poorly tracked. Using satellite data and a new approach, this study maps daily emissions (2019–2024) while addressing measurement errors. About 69 % of estimates were unreliable. Underground coal fires, often ignored, emit as much CO as power plants. Emissions peaked in 2019, dropped until 2022, then rose again, linking to policy changes and economic shifts.
Xingxing Jiang, Yong Xue, Mariarosaria Calvello, Shuhui Wu, and Pei Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 4559–4571, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4559-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4559-2025, 2025
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A novel black carbon aerosol (BC) surface concentration retrieval algorithm was developed using MODIS data. The algorithm determined seasonal background aerosol model based on AERONET product, calculated the complex refractive index of the internal mixed aerosol, and combined 6SV2.1 to establish lookup tables to achieve the optimal estimation of BC fraction and column concentration. Using conversion coefficient generated by MERRA-2, column concentration was converted to surface concentration.
Le Wang, Xin Miao, Xinyun Hu, Yizhuo Li, Bo Qiu, Jun Ge, and Weidong Guo
The Cryosphere, 19, 2733–2750, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2733-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2733-2025, 2025
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Snow phenology is a crucial indicator for assessing seasonal changes in snow. In this work, we find that snow phenology is significantly impacted by the datasets and methods used, and current methods often overlook the spatial and temporal variability in snow across the Northern Hemisphere. To address this, we develop a dynamic-threshold method, which contributes to better representing the seasonal changes in snow cover across the Northern Hemisphere, especially on the Tibetan Plateau.
Fan Lu, Kai Qin, Jason Blake Cohen, Qin He, Pravash Tiwari, Wei Hu, Chang Ye, Yanan Shan, Qing Xu, Shuo Wang, and Qiansi Tu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5837–5856, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5837-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5837-2025, 2025
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This work describes a field campaign and new fast emissions estimation approach to attribute methane from a large known and previously unknown coal mine in Shanxi, China. The emissions computed are shown to be larger than known oil and gas sources, indicating that methane from coal mines may play a larger role in the global methane budget. The results are found to be slightly larger than or similar to satellite observational campaigns over the same region.
Lingxiao Lu, Jason Blake Cohen, Kai Qin, Xiaolu Li, and Qin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2291–2309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2291-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2291-2025, 2025
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This study applies an approach that assimilates NO2 vertical column densities from TROPOMI in a mass-conserving manner and inverts daily NOx emissions, presented over rapidly changing regions in China. Source attribution is quantified by the local thermodynamics of the combustion temperature (NOx/NO2). Emission results identify sources which do not exist in the a priori datasets, especially medium industrial sources located next to the Yangtze River.
Kai Qin, Hongrui Gao, Xuancen Liu, Qin He, Pravash Tiwari, and Jason Blake Cohen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5287–5310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5287-2024, 2024
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Satellites have brought new opportunities for monitoring atmospheric NO2, although the results are limited by clouds and other factors, resulting in missing data. This work proposes a new process to obtain reliable data products with high coverage by reconstructing the raw data from multiple satellites. The results are validated in terms of traditional methods as well as variance maximization and demonstrate a good ability to reproduce known polluted and clean areas around the world.
Zheng Xiang, Yongkang Xue, Weidong Guo, Melannie D. Hartman, Ye Liu, and William J. Parton
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6437–6464, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6437-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6437-2024, 2024
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A process-based plant carbon (C)–nitrogen (N) interface coupling framework has been developed which mainly focuses on plant resistance and N-limitation effects on photosynthesis, plant respiration, and plant phenology. A dynamic C / N ratio is introduced to represent plant resistance and self-adjustment. The framework has been implemented in a coupled biophysical-ecosystem–biogeochemical model, and testing results show a general improvement in simulating plant properties with this framework.
Qiansi Tu, Frank Hase, Kai Qin, Jason Blake Cohen, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Xinrui Zou, Matthias Schneider, and Fan Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4875–4894, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4875-2024, 2024
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Four-year satellite observations of XCH4 are used to derive CH4 emissions in three regions of China’s coal-rich Shanxi province. The wind-assigned anomalies for two opposite wind directions are calculated, and the estimated emission rates are comparable to the current bottom-up inventory but lower than the CAMS and EDGAR inventories. This research enhances the understanding of emissions in Shanxi and supports climate mitigation strategies by validating emission inventories.
Kai Qin, Wei Hu, Qin He, Fan Lu, and Jason Blake Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, 2024
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We compute CH4 emissions and uncertainty on a mine-by-mine basis, including underground, overground, and abandoned mines. Mine-by-mine gas and flux data and 30 min observations from a flux tower located next to a mine shaft are integrated. The observed variability and bias correction are propagated over the emissions dataset, demonstrating that daily observations may not cover the range of variability. Comparisons show both an emissions magnitude and spatial mismatch with current inventories.
Solomon H. Gebrechorkos, Jian Peng, Ellen Dyer, Diego G. Miralles, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Chris Funk, Hylke E. Beck, Dagmawi T. Asfaw, Michael B. Singer, and Simon J. Dadson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5449–5466, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5449-2023, 2023
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Drought is undeniably one of the most intricate and significant natural hazards with far-reaching consequences for the environment, economy, water resources, agriculture, and societies across the globe. In response to this challenge, we have devised high-resolution drought indices. These indices serve as invaluable indicators for assessing shifts in drought patterns and their associated impacts on a global, regional, and local level facilitating the development of tailored adaptation strategies.
Yuhang Zhang, Jintai Lin, Jhoon Kim, Hanlim Lee, Junsung Park, Hyunkee Hong, Michel Van Roozendael, Francois Hendrick, Ting Wang, Pucai Wang, Qin He, Kai Qin, Yongjoo Choi, Yugo Kanaya, Jin Xu, Pinhua Xie, Xin Tian, Sanbao Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Thomas Wagner, Robert Spurr, Lulu Chen, Hao Kong, and Mengyao Liu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4643–4665, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4643-2023, 2023
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Our tropospheric NO2 vertical column density product with high spatiotemporal resolution is based on the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and named POMINO–GEMS. Strong hotspot signals and NO2 diurnal variations are clearly seen. Validations with multiple satellite products and ground-based, mobile car and surface measurements exhibit the overall great performance of the POMINO–GEMS product, indicating its capability for application in environmental studies.
Xiaolu Li, Jason Blake Cohen, Kai Qin, Hong Geng, Xiaohui Wu, Liling Wu, Chengli Yang, Rui Zhang, and Liqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8001–8019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8001-2023, 2023
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Remotely sensed NO2 and surface NOx are combined with a mathematical method to estimate daily NOx emissions. The results identify new sources and improve existing estimates. The estimation is driven by three flexible factors: thermodynamics of combustion, chemical loss, and atmospheric transport. The thermodynamic term separates power, iron, and cement from coking, boilers, and aluminum. This work finds three causes for the extremes: emissions, UV radiation, and transport.
Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Hugo Beltrami, Almudena García-García, Gerhard Krinner, Moritz Langer, Andrew H. MacDougall, Jan Nitzbon, Jian Peng, Karina von Schuckmann, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Wim Thiery, Inne Vanderkelen, and Tonghua Wu
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 609–627, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-609-2023, 2023
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Climate change is caused by the accumulated heat in the Earth system, with the land storing the second largest amount of this extra heat. Here, new estimates of continental heat storage are obtained, including changes in inland-water heat storage and permafrost heat storage in addition to changes in ground heat storage. We also argue that heat gains in all three components should be monitored independently of their magnitude due to heat-dependent processes affecting society and ecosystems.
Qiansi Tu, Frank Hase, Zihan Chen, Matthias Schneider, Omaira García, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Shuo Chen, Thomas Blumenstock, Fang Liu, Kai Qin, Jason Cohen, Qin He, Song Lin, Hongyan Jiang, and Dianjun Fang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2237–2262, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2237-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2237-2023, 2023
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Four-year TROPOMI observations are used to derive tropospheric NO2 emissions in two mega(cities) with high anthropogenic activity. Wind-assigned anomalies are calculated, and the emission rates and spatial patterns are estimated based on a machine learning algorithm. The results are in reasonable agreement with previous studies and the inventory. Our method is quite robust and can be used as a simple method to estimate the emissions of NO2 as well as other gases in other regions.
Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Flora Gues, Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Gottfried Kirchengast, Susheel Adusumilli, Fiammetta Straneo, Michaël Ablain, Richard P. Allan, Paul M. Barker, Hugo Beltrami, Alejandro Blazquez, Tim Boyer, Lijing Cheng, John Church, Damien Desbruyeres, Han Dolman, Catia M. Domingues, Almudena García-García, Donata Giglio, John E. Gilson, Maximilian Gorfer, Leopold Haimberger, Maria Z. Hakuba, Stefan Hendricks, Shigeki Hosoda, Gregory C. Johnson, Rachel Killick, Brian King, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Anton Korosov, Gerhard Krinner, Mikael Kuusela, Felix W. Landerer, Moritz Langer, Thomas Lavergne, Isobel Lawrence, Yuehua Li, John Lyman, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Michael Mayer, Andrew H. MacDougall, Trevor McDougall, Didier Paolo Monselesan, Jan Nitzbon, Inès Otosaka, Jian Peng, Sarah Purkey, Dean Roemmich, Kanako Sato, Katsunari Sato, Abhishek Savita, Axel Schweiger, Andrew Shepherd, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Leon Simons, Donald A. Slater, Thomas Slater, Andrea K. Steiner, Toshio Suga, Tanguy Szekely, Wim Thiery, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Inne Vanderkelen, Susan E. Wjiffels, Tonghua Wu, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1675–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, 2023
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Earth's climate is out of energy balance, and this study quantifies how much heat has consequently accumulated over the past decades (ocean: 89 %, land: 6 %, cryosphere: 4 %, atmosphere: 1 %). Since 1971, this accumulated heat reached record values at an increasing pace. The Earth heat inventory provides a comprehensive view on the status and expectation of global warming, and we call for an implementation of this global climate indicator into the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake.
Zheng Xiang, Yongkang Xue, Weidong Guo, Melannie D. Hartman, Ye Liu, and William J. Parton
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1111, 2022
Preprint archived
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A process-based plant Carbon (C)-Nitrogen (N) interface coupling framework has been developed, which mainly focuses on the plant resistance and N limitation effects on photosynthesis, plant respiration, and plant phenology. A dynamic C / N ratio is introduced to represent plant resistance and self-adjustment. The framework has been implemented in a coupled biophysical-ecosystem-biogeochemical model and testing results show a general improvement in simulating plant properties with this framework.
Zexia Duan, Zhiqiu Gao, Qing Xu, Shaohui Zhou, Kai Qin, and Yuanjian Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4153–4169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4153-2022, 2022
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Land–atmosphere interactions over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China are becoming more varied and complex, as the area is experiencing rapid land use changes. In this paper, we describe a dataset of microclimate and eddy covariance variables at four sites in the YRD. This dataset has potential use cases in multiple research fields, such as boundary layer parametrization schemes, evaluation of remote sensing algorithms, and development of climate models in typical East Asian monsoon regions.
Shijie Li, Guojie Wang, Chenxia Zhu, Jiao Lu, Waheed Ullah, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Giri Kattel, and Jian Peng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3691–3707, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3691-2022, 2022
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We found that the precipitation variability dominantly controls global evapotranspiration (ET) in dry climates, while the net radiation has substantial control over ET in the tropical regions, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) impacts ET trends in boreal mid-latitude climate. The critical role of VPD in controlling ET trends is particularly emphasized due to its influence in controlling the carbon–water–energy cycle.
Stephanie G. Stettz, Nicholas C. Parazoo, A. Anthony Bloom, Peter D. Blanken, David R. Bowling, Sean P. Burns, Cédric Bacour, Fabienne Maignan, Brett Raczka, Alexander J. Norton, Ian Baker, Mathew Williams, Mingjie Shi, Yongguang Zhang, and Bo Qiu
Biogeosciences, 19, 541–558, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-541-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-541-2022, 2022
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Uncertainty in the response of photosynthesis to temperature poses a major challenge to predicting the response of forests to climate change. In this paper, we study how photosynthesis in a mountainous evergreen forest is limited by temperature. This study highlights that cold temperature is a key factor that controls spring photosynthesis. Including the cold-temperature limitation in an ecosystem model improved its ability to simulate spring photosynthesis.
Jiao Lu, Guojie Wang, Tiexi Chen, Shijie Li, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Giri Kattel, Jian Peng, Tong Jiang, and Buda Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5879–5898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5879-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5879-2021, 2021
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This study has combined three existing land evaporation (ET) products to obtain a single framework of a long-term (1980–2017) daily ET product at a spatial resolution of 0.25° to define the global proxy ET with lower uncertainties. The merged product is the best at capturing dynamics over different locations and times among all data sets. The merged product performed well over a range of vegetation cover scenarios and also captured the trend of land evaporation over different areas well.
Mengyuan Mu, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Andy J. Pitman, Weidong Guo, Sanaa Hobeichi, and Peter R. Briggs
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 919–938, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-919-2021, 2021
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Groundwater can buffer the impacts of drought and heatwaves on ecosystems, which is often neglected in model studies. Using a land surface model with groundwater, we explained how groundwater sustains transpiration and eases heat pressure on plants in heatwaves during multi-year droughts. Our results showed the groundwater’s influences diminish as drought extends and are regulated by plant physiology. We suggest neglecting groundwater in models may overstate projected future heatwave intensity.
Yongkang Xue, Tandong Yao, Aaron A. Boone, Ismaila Diallo, Ye Liu, Xubin Zeng, William K. M. Lau, Shiori Sugimoto, Qi Tang, Xiaoduo Pan, Peter J. van Oevelen, Daniel Klocke, Myung-Seo Koo, Tomonori Sato, Zhaohui Lin, Yuhei Takaya, Constantin Ardilouze, Stefano Materia, Subodh K. Saha, Retish Senan, Tetsu Nakamura, Hailan Wang, Jing Yang, Hongliang Zhang, Mei Zhao, Xin-Zhong Liang, J. David Neelin, Frederic Vitart, Xin Li, Ping Zhao, Chunxiang Shi, Weidong Guo, Jianping Tang, Miao Yu, Yun Qian, Samuel S. P. Shen, Yang Zhang, Kun Yang, Ruby Leung, Yuan Qiu, Daniele Peano, Xin Qi, Yanling Zhan, Michael A. Brunke, Sin Chan Chou, Michael Ek, Tianyi Fan, Hong Guan, Hai Lin, Shunlin Liang, Helin Wei, Shaocheng Xie, Haoran Xu, Weiping Li, Xueli Shi, Paulo Nobre, Yan Pan, Yi Qin, Jeff Dozier, Craig R. Ferguson, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Qing Bao, Jinming Feng, Jinkyu Hong, Songyou Hong, Huilin Huang, Duoying Ji, Zhenming Ji, Shichang Kang, Yanluan Lin, Weiguang Liu, Ryan Muncaster, Patricia de Rosnay, Hiroshi G. Takahashi, Guiling Wang, Shuyu Wang, Weicai Wang, Xu Zhou, and Yuejian Zhu
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4465–4494, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4465-2021, 2021
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The subseasonal prediction of extreme hydroclimate events such as droughts/floods has remained stubbornly low for years. This paper presents a new international initiative which, for the first time, introduces spring land surface temperature anomalies over high mountains to improve precipitation prediction through remote effects of land–atmosphere interactions. More than 40 institutions worldwide are participating in this effort. The experimental protocol and preliminary results are presented.
Meng-Zhuo Zhang, Zhongfeng Xu, Ying Han, and Weidong Guo
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3079–3094, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3079-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3079-2021, 2021
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The Multivariable Integrated Evaluation Tool (MVIETool) is a simple-to-use and straightforward tool designed for evaluation and intercomparison of climate models in terms of vector fields or multiple fields. The tool incorporates some new improvements in vector field evaluation (VFE) and multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) methods, which are introduced in this paper.
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Short summary
Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in the water and energy cycles of the Earth system, for which a long-term SM product with high quality is urgently needed. In situ observations are generally treated as the true value to systematically evaluate five SM products, including one remote sensing product and four reanalysis data sets during 1981–2013. This long-term intercomparison study provides clues for SM product enhancement and further hydrological applications.
Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in the water and energy cycles of the Earth system, for...
