Articles | Volume 25, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1245-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1245-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaluation of the dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitation estimation using long-term datasets
Tanel Voormansik
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Numerical Modeling Department, Estonian Environment Agency, Tallinn, Estonia
Roberto Cremonini
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Piemonte,
Department for Natural and Environmental Risks, Turin, Italy
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Piia Post
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Radar Science, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Dmitri Moisseev
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Radar Science, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Related authors
Roberto Cremonini, Tanel Voormansik, Piia Post, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2943–2956, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2943-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2943-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme rainfall for a specific location is commonly evaluated when designing stormwater management systems. This study investigates the use of quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs) based on polarimetric weather radar data, without rain gauge corrections, to estimate 1 h rainfall total maxima in Italy and Estonia. We show that dual-polarization weather radar provides reliable QPEs and effective estimations of return periods for extreme rainfall in climatologically homogeneous regions.
Zoé Brasseur, Julia Schneider, Janne Lampilahti, Ville Vakkari, Victoria A. Sinclair, Christina J. Williamson, Carlton Xavier, Dmitri Moisseev, Markus Hartmann, Pyry Poutanen, Markus Lampimäki, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Erik S. Thomson, Kristina Höhler, Ottmar Möhler, and Jonathan Duplissy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11305–11332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) strongly influence the formation of clouds by initiating the formation of ice crystals. However, very little is known about the vertical distribution of INPs in the atmosphere. Here, we present aircraft measurements of INP concentrations above the Finnish boreal forest. Results show that near-surface INPs are efficiently transported and mixed within the boundary layer and occasionally reach the free troposphere.
Miguel Aldana, Seppo Pulkkinen, Annakaisa von Lerber, Matthew R. Kumjian, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-155, 2024
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate KDP estimates are crucial in radar-based applications. We quantify the uncertainties of several publicly available KDP estimation methods for multiple rainfall intensities. We use C-band weather radar observations and employed a self-consistency KDP, estimated from reflectivity and differential reflectivity, as framework for the examination. Our study provides guidance in the performance, uncertainties and optimisation of the methods, focusing mainly on accuracy and robustness.
Jenna Ritvanen, Seppo Pulkkinen, Dmitri Moisseev, and Daniele Nerini
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-99, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-99, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Nowcasting models struggle with the rapid evolution of heavy rain, and common verification methods are unable to describe how accurately the models predict the growth and decay of heavy rainfall. We propose a framework to assess model performance. In the framework, convective cells are identified and tracked in the forecasts and observations, and then the model skill is evaluated by comparing differences between forecast and observed cells. We demonstrate the framework with 4 open-source models.
Maximilian Maahn, Dmitri Moisseev, Isabelle Steinke, Nina Maherndl, and Matthew D. Shupe
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 899–919, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-899-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-899-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source Video In Situ Snowfall Sensor (VISSS) is a novel instrument for characterizing particle shape, size, and sedimentation velocity in snowfall. It combines a large observation volume with relatively high resolution and a design that limits wind perturbations. The open-source nature of the VISSS hardware and software invites the community to contribute to the development of the instrument, which has many potential applications in atmospheric science and beyond.
Roberto Cremonini, Tanel Voormansik, Piia Post, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2943–2956, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2943-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2943-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme rainfall for a specific location is commonly evaluated when designing stormwater management systems. This study investigates the use of quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs) based on polarimetric weather radar data, without rain gauge corrections, to estimate 1 h rainfall total maxima in Italy and Estonia. We show that dual-polarization weather radar provides reliable QPEs and effective estimations of return periods for extreme rainfall in climatologically homogeneous regions.
Haoran Li, Dmitri Moisseev, Yali Luo, Liping Liu, Zheng Ruan, Liman Cui, and Xinghua Bao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1033–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1033-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1033-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A rainfall event that occurred at Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021 caused tremendous loss of life and property. This study compares different KDP estimation methods as well as the resulting QPE outcomes. The results show that the selection of the KDP estimation method has minimal impact on QPE, whereas the inadequate assumption of rain microphysics and unquantified vertical air motion may explain the underestimated 201.9 mm h−1 record.
Jenna Ritvanen, Ewan O'Connor, Dmitri Moisseev, Raisa Lehtinen, Jani Tyynelä, and Ludovic Thobois
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6507–6519, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Doppler lidars and weather radars provide accurate wind measurements, with Doppler lidar usually performing better in dry weather conditions and weather radar performing better when there is precipitation. Operating both instruments together should therefore improve the overall performance. We investigate how well a co-located Doppler lidar and X-band radar perform with respect to various weather conditions, including changes in horizontal visibility, cloud altitude, and precipitation.
Silvia M. Calderón, Juha Tonttila, Angela Buchholz, Jorma Joutsensaari, Mika Komppula, Ari Leskinen, Liqing Hao, Dmitri Moisseev, Iida Pullinen, Petri Tiitta, Jian Xu, Annele Virtanen, Harri Kokkola, and Sami Romakkaniemi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12417–12441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial and temporal restrictions of observations and oversimplified aerosol representation in large eddy simulations (LES) limit our understanding of aerosol–stratocumulus interactions. In this closure study of in situ and remote sensing observations and outputs from UCLALES–SALSA, we have assessed the role of convective overturning and aerosol effects in two cloud events observed at the Puijo SMEAR IV station, Finland, a diurnal-high aerosol case and a nocturnal-low aerosol case.
Victoria Anne Sinclair, Jenna Ritvanen, Gabin Urbancic, Irene Erner, Yurii Batrak, Dmitri Moisseev, and Mona Kurppa
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3075–3103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3075-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the boundary-layer (BL) height and surface stability in southern Finland using radiosondes, a microwave radiometer and ERA5 reanalysis. Accurately quantifying the BL height is challenging, and the diagnosed BL height can depend strongly on the method used. Microwave radiometers provide reliable estimates of the BL height but only in unstable conditions. ERA5 captures the BL height well except under very stable conditions, which occur most commonly at night during the warm season.
Zoé Brasseur, Dimitri Castarède, Erik S. Thomson, Michael P. Adams, Saskia Drossaart van Dusseldorp, Paavo Heikkilä, Kimmo Korhonen, Janne Lampilahti, Mikhail Paramonov, Julia Schneider, Franziska Vogel, Yusheng Wu, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Nina S. Atanasova, Dennis H. Bamford, Barbara Bertozzi, Matthew Boyer, David Brus, Martin I. Daily, Romy Fösig, Ellen Gute, Alexander D. Harrison, Paula Hietala, Kristina Höhler, Zamin A. Kanji, Jorma Keskinen, Larissa Lacher, Markus Lampimäki, Janne Levula, Antti Manninen, Jens Nadolny, Maija Peltola, Grace C. E. Porter, Pyry Poutanen, Ulrike Proske, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, János Stenszky, Annele Virtanen, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kulmala, Benjamin J. Murray, Tuukka Petäjä, Ottmar Möhler, and Jonathan Duplissy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5117–5145, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present measurement report introduces the ice nucleation campaign organized in Hyytiälä, Finland, in 2018 (HyICE-2018). We provide an overview of the campaign settings, and we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures used. In addition, we use results from ice nucleation instrument inter-comparison to show that the suite of these instruments deployed during the campaign reports consistent results.
Andreas Lehmann, Kai Myrberg, Piia Post, Irina Chubarenko, Inga Dailidiene, Hans-Harald Hinrichsen, Karin Hüssy, Taavi Liblik, H. E. Markus Meier, Urmas Lips, and Tatiana Bukanova
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 373–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The salinity in the Baltic Sea is not only an important topic for physical oceanography as such, but it also integrates the complete water and energy cycle. It is a primary external driver controlling ecosystem dynamics of the Baltic Sea. The long-term dynamics are controlled by river runoff, net precipitation, and the water mass exchange between the North Sea and Baltic Sea. On shorter timescales, the ephemeral atmospheric conditions drive a very complex and highly variable salinity regime.
Teresa Vogl, Maximilian Maahn, Stefan Kneifel, Willi Schimmel, Dmitri Moisseev, and Heike Kalesse-Los
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 365–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We are using machine learning techniques, a type of artificial intelligence, to detect graupel formation in clouds. The measurements used as input to the machine learning framework were performed by cloud radars. Cloud radars are instruments located at the ground, emitting radiation with wavelenghts of a few millimeters vertically into the cloud and measuring the back-scattered signal. Our novel technique can be applied to different radar systems and different weather conditions.
Anna Franck, Dmitri Moisseev, Ville Vakkari, Matti Leskinen, Janne Lampilahti, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Ewan O'Connor
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7341–7353, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a method to derive a convective boundary layer height, using insects in radar observations, and we investigated the consistency of these retrievals among different radar frequencies (5, 35 and 94 GHz). This method can be applied to radars at other measurement stations and serve as additional way to estimate the boundary layer height during summer. The entrainment zone was also observed by the 5 GHz radar above the boundary layer in the form of a Bragg scatter layer.
Haoran Li, Ottmar Möhler, Tuukka Petäjä, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14671–14686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14671-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14671-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In natural clouds, ice-nucleating particles are expected to be rare above –10 °C. In the current paper, we found that the formation of ice columns is frequent in stratiform clouds and is associated with increased precipitation intensity and liquid water path. In single-layer shallow clouds, the production of ice columns was attributed to secondary ice production, despite the rime-splintering process not being expected to take place in such clouds.
Haoran Li, Alexei Korolev, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13593–13608, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) clouds embedded in a stratiform precipitation event were uncovered via radar Doppler spectral analysis. Given the unprecedented detail of the observations, we show that multiple populations of secondary ice columns were generated in the pockets where larger cloud droplets are formed and not at some constant level within the cloud. Our results highlight that the K–H instability is favorable for liquid droplet growth and secondary ice formation.
Julia Schneider, Kristina Höhler, Paavo Heikkilä, Jorma Keskinen, Barbara Bertozzi, Pia Bogert, Tobias Schorr, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Franziska Vogel, Zoé Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Simo Hakala, Jonathan Duplissy, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kulmala, Michael P. Adams, Benjamin J. Murray, Kimmo Korhonen, Liqing Hao, Erik S. Thomson, Dimitri Castarède, Thomas Leisner, Tuukka Petäjä, and Ottmar Möhler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3899–3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3899-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3899-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By triggering the formation of ice crystals, ice-nucleating particles (INP) strongly influence cloud formation. Continuous, long-term measurements are needed to characterize the atmospheric INP variability. Here, a first long-term time series of INP spectra measured in the boreal forest for more than 1 year is presented, showing a clear seasonal cycle. It is shown that the seasonal dependency of INP concentrations and prevalent INP types is driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol.
Piia Post and Margit Aun
Adv. Sci. Res., 17, 219–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-219-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-219-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The satellite-based fractional cloud cover and cloud top height from CLARA-A2 data record has been used to analyse trends in the Baltic Sea region, 1982–2015. Cloud observations from the Tartu-Tõravere meteorological station were used as reference data for the same period. A downward trend in fractional cloud cover in March over the 1982–2015 period was found. For cloud top heights summer and spring regional averages showed opposite signs of the trend: for June positive and for March negative.
Haoran Li, Jussi Tiira, Annakaisa von Lerber, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9547–9562, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A method for classifying rimed and unrimed snow based on X- and Ka-band Doppler radar measurements is developed and applied to synergetic radar observations collected during BAECC 2014. The results show that the radar-observed melting layer properties are highly related to the precipitation intensity. The previously reported bright band sagging is mainly connected to the increase in precipitation intensity, while riming plays a secondary role.
Tuukka Petäjä, Ella-Maria Duplissy, Ksenia Tabakova, Julia Schmale, Barbara Altstädter, Gerard Ancellet, Mikhail Arshinov, Yurii Balin, Urs Baltensperger, Jens Bange, Alison Beamish, Boris Belan, Antoine Berchet, Rossana Bossi, Warren R. L. Cairns, Ralf Ebinghaus, Imad El Haddad, Beatriz Ferreira-Araujo, Anna Franck, Lin Huang, Antti Hyvärinen, Angelika Humbert, Athina-Cerise Kalogridis, Pavel Konstantinov, Astrid Lampert, Matthew MacLeod, Olivier Magand, Alexander Mahura, Louis Marelle, Vladimir Masloboev, Dmitri Moisseev, Vaios Moschos, Niklas Neckel, Tatsuo Onishi, Stefan Osterwalder, Aino Ovaska, Pauli Paasonen, Mikhail Panchenko, Fidel Pankratov, Jakob B. Pernov, Andreas Platis, Olga Popovicheva, Jean-Christophe Raut, Aurélie Riandet, Torsten Sachs, Rosamaria Salvatori, Roberto Salzano, Ludwig Schröder, Martin Schön, Vladimir Shevchenko, Henrik Skov, Jeroen E. Sonke, Andrea Spolaor, Vasileios K. Stathopoulos, Mikko Strahlendorff, Jennie L. Thomas, Vito Vitale, Sterios Vratolis, Carlo Barbante, Sabine Chabrillat, Aurélien Dommergue, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Jyri Heilimo, Kathy S. Law, Andreas Massling, Steffen M. Noe, Jean-Daniel Paris, André S. H. Prévôt, Ilona Riipinen, Birgit Wehner, Zhiyong Xie, and Hanna K. Lappalainen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8551–8592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8551-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of polar regions is increasing in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography, and the use of natural resources with consequent effects on regional and transported pollutant concentrations. Here we summarize initial results from our integrative project exploring the Arctic environment and pollution to deliver data products, metrics, and indicators for stakeholders.
Jussi Tiira and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1227–1241, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1227-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1227-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Modern weather radars are sensitive for properties of precipitating snow particles, such as their sizes, shapes and number concentration. Vertical profiles of such radar measurements can be used for studying the processes through which snow is formed. We created a profile classification method for this purpose, and we show how it can be used for automatic identification of snow growth processes. Being able to identify the processes is expected to improve radar-based precipitation estimation.
Shannon L. Mason, Robin J. Hogan, Christopher D. Westbrook, Stefan Kneifel, Dmitri Moisseev, and Leonie von Terzi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4993–5018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4993-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4993-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The mass contents of snowflakes are critical to remotely sensed estimates of snowfall. The signatures of snow measured at three radar frequencies can distinguish fluffy, fractal snowflakes from dense and more homogeneous rimed snow. However, we show that the shape of the particle size spectrum also has a significant impact on triple-frequency radar signatures and must be accounted for when making triple-frequency radar estimates of snow that include variations in particle structure and density.
Gwo-Jong Huang, Viswanathan N. Bringi, Andrew J. Newman, Gyuwon Lee, Dmitri Moisseev, and Branislav M. Notaroš
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1409–1427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1409-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1409-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for snow rate (SR) estimation using observations collected by NASA dual-frequency dual-polarized (D3R) radar during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx). The new method utilizes dual-wavelength radar reflectivity ratio (DWR) and 2-D-video disdrometer (2DVD) measurements to improve SR estimation accuracy. It is validated by comparing the D3R radar-retrieved SR with accumulated SR directly measured by a Pluvio gauge for an entire GCPEx synoptic event.
Jussi Leinonen, Matthew D. Lebsock, Simone Tanelli, Ousmane O. Sy, Brenda Dolan, Randy J. Chase, Joseph A. Finlon, Annakaisa von Lerber, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 5471–5488, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5471-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5471-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a technique for inferring the physical properties (amount, size and density) of falling snow from radar observations made using multiple different frequencies. We tested this method using measurements from airborne radar and compared the results to direct measurements from another aircraft, as well as ground-based radar. The results demonstrate that multifrequency radars have significant advantages over those with a single frequency in determining the snow size and density.
Marta Tecla Falconi, Annakaisa von Lerber, Davide Ori, Frank Silvio Marzano, and Dmitri Moisseev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3059–3079, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3059-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3059-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating snowfall intensity from satellite and ground-based radar missions requires accurate retrieval models. Reflectivity–snowfall relations are obtained at cm and mm wavelengths using data recorded during the Biogenic Aerosols Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) campaign in Finland. Lightly, moderately and heavily rimed snow cases are identified. Numerical simulations are performed to relate snowflake microphysical (video disdrometer) and multifrequency backscattering properties (radars).
Liisi Jakobson, Erko Jakobson, Piia Post, and Jaak Jaagus
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1019–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1019-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1019-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Relationships between meteorological parameters between Arctic and the Baltic Sea regions were investigated using NCEP-CFSR reanalysis for 1979–2015. The Greenland and Baffin Bay regions climate have the most significant teleconnections with the Baltic Sea region temperature, specific humidity and wind speed. These relationships can be explained by the AO/NAO index variability only in winter. The results are valuable for selecting Arctic regions with the largest effect on the Baltic Sea region.
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Theo Kurten, Aleksander Baklanov, Anatoly Shvidenko, Jaana Bäck, Timo Vihma, Pavel Alekseychik, Meinrat O. Andreae, Stephen R. Arnold, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Boris Belan, Leonid Bobylev, Sergey Chalov, Yafang Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Gerrit de Leeuw, Aijun Ding, Sergey Dobrolyubov, Sergei Dubtsov, Egor Dyukarev, Nikolai Elansky, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Igor Esau, Nikolay Filatov, Mikhail Flint, Congbin Fu, Olga Glezer, Aleksander Gliko, Martin Heimann, Albert A. M. Holtslag, Urmas Hõrrak, Juha Janhunen, Sirkku Juhola, Leena Järvi, Heikki Järvinen, Anna Kanukhina, Pavel Konstantinov, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Alexander S. Komarov, Joni Kujansuu, Ilmo Kukkonen, Ella-Maria Duplissy, Ari Laaksonen, Tuomas Laurila, Heikki Lihavainen, Alexander Lisitzin, Alexsander Mahura, Alexander Makshtas, Evgeny Mareev, Stephany Mazon, Dmitry Matishov, Vladimir Melnikov, Eugene Mikhailov, Dmitri Moisseev, Robert Nigmatulin, Steffen M. Noe, Anne Ojala, Mari Pihlatie, Olga Popovicheva, Jukka Pumpanen, Tatjana Regerand, Irina Repina, Aleksei Shcherbinin, Vladimir Shevchenko, Mikko Sipilä, Andrey Skorokhod, Dominick V. Spracklen, Hang Su, Dmitry A. Subetto, Junying Sun, Arkady Y. Terzhevik, Yuri Timofeyev, Yuliya Troitskaya, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Viacheslav I. Kharuk, Nina Zaytseva, Jiahua Zhang, Yrjö Viisanen, Timo Vesala, Pertti Hari, Hans Christen Hansson, Gennady G. Matvienko, Nikolai S. Kasimov, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Sergej Zilitinkevich, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14421–14461, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14421-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
After kick off in 2012, the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program has expanded fast and today the multi-disciplinary research community covers ca. 80 institutes and a network of ca. 500 scientists from Europe, Russia, and China. Here we introduce scientific topics relevant in this context. This is one of the first multi-disciplinary overviews crossing scientific boundaries, from atmospheric sciences to socio-economics and social sciences.
Roberto Cremonini, Dmitri Moisseev, and Venkatachalam Chandrasekar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5063–5075, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5063-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5063-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Although high-spatial-resolution weather radar observations are of primary relevance for urban hydrology, weather radar siting and characterization are challenging in an urban environment. Buildings, masts and trees cause partial beam blockages and clutter that seriously affect the observations. For the first time, this paper investigates the benefits of using airborne laser scanner (ALS) data for quantitative estimations of partial beam blockages in an urban environment.
Jussi Tiira, Dmitri N. Moisseev, Annakaisa von Lerber, Davide Ori, Ali Tokay, Larry F. Bliven, and Walter Petersen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4825–4841, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4825-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study winter measurements collected in Southern Finland are used to document microphysical properties of falling snow. It is shown that a new video imager can be used for such studies. Snow properties do vary between winters.
A. Lehmann and P. Post
Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 219–225, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-219-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-219-2015, 2015
A. Hirsikko, E. J. O'Connor, M. Komppula, K. Korhonen, A. Pfüller, E. Giannakaki, C. R. Wood, M. Bauer-Pfundstein, A. Poikonen, T. Karppinen, H. Lonka, M. Kurri, J. Heinonen, D. Moisseev, E. Asmi, V. Aaltonen, A. Nordbo, E. Rodriguez, H. Lihavainen, A. Laaksonen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Laurila, T. Petäjä, M. Kulmala, and Y. Viisanen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1351–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1351-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Hydrometeorology | Techniques and Approaches: Remote Sensing and GIS
Extent of gross underestimation of precipitation in India
A D-vine copula-based quantile regression towards merging satellite precipitation products over rugged topography: a case study in the upper Tekeze–Atbara Basin
Improved soil evaporation remote sensing retrieval algorithms and associated uncertainty analysis on the Tibetan Plateau
SMPD: a soil moisture-based precipitation downscaling method for high-resolution daily satellite precipitation estimation
Evaluating the accuracy of gridded water resources reanalysis and evapotranspiration products for assessing water security in poorly gauged basins
Attribution of global evapotranspiration trends based on the Budyko framework
The influence of vegetation water dynamics on the ASCAT backscatter–incidence angle relationship in the Amazon
Extrapolating continuous vegetation water content to understand sub-daily backscatter variations
Comprehensive evaluation of satellite-based and reanalysis soil moisture products using in situ observations over China
Variations in surface roughness of heterogeneous surfaces in the Nagqu area of the Tibetan Plateau
Evapotranspiration in the Amazon: spatial patterns, seasonality, and recent trends in observations, reanalysis, and climate models
The benefit of brightness temperature assimilation for the SMAP Level-4 surface and root-zone soil moisture analysis
Validation of SMAP L2 passive-only soil moisture products using upscaled in situ measurements collected in Twente, the Netherlands
Suitability of 17 gridded rainfall and temperature datasets for large-scale hydrological modelling in West Africa
Data-driven estimates of evapotranspiration and its controls in the Congo Basin
Ability of an Australian reanalysis dataset to characterise sub-daily precipitation
A daily 25 km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products
Evaluation of soil moisture from CCAM-CABLE simulation, satellite-based models estimates and satellite observations: a case study of Skukuza and Malopeni flux towers
Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution during rainy seasons in the Beijing urban area and implications for radar rainfall estimation
An evaluation of daily precipitation from a regional atmospheric reanalysis over Australia
Performance of bias-correction schemes for CMORPH rainfall estimates in the Zambezi River basin
The El Niño event of 2015–2016: climate anomalies and their impact on groundwater resources in East and Southern Africa
Consistency of satellite-based precipitation products in space and over time compared with gauge observations and snow- hydrological modelling in the Lake Titicaca region
Using phase lags to evaluate model biases in simulating the diurnal cycle of evapotranspiration: a case study in Luxembourg
Integrating multiple satellite observations into a coherent dataset to monitor the full water cycle – application to the Mediterranean region
An improved perspective in the spatial representation of soil moisture: potential added value of SMOS disaggregated 1 km resolution “all weather” product
Temporal- and spatial-scale and positional effects on rain erosivity derived from point-scale and contiguous rain data
The PERSIANN family of global satellite precipitation data: a review and evaluation of products
Exploring seasonal and regional relationships between the Evaporative Stress Index and surface weather and soil moisture anomalies across the United States
Development of soil moisture profiles through coupled microwave–thermal infrared observations in the southeastern United States
Evaluation of multiple climate data sources for managing environmental resources in East Africa
Precipitation downscaling using a probability-matching approach and geostationary infrared data: an evaluation over six climate regions
Regional co-variability of spatial and temporal soil moisture–precipitation coupling in North Africa: an observational perspective
Regional evapotranspiration from an image-based implementation of the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC1.2) model and its validation across an aridity gradient in the conterminous US
Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall in Belgium based on radar estimates
An assessment of the performance of global rainfall estimates without ground-based observations
Water–food–energy nexus with changing agricultural scenarios in India during recent decades
Intensity–duration–frequency curves from remote sensing rainfall estimates: comparing satellite and weather radar over the eastern Mediterranean
The effect of satellite-derived surface soil moisture and leaf area index land data assimilation on streamflow simulations over France
Reservoir storage and hydrologic responses to droughts in the Paraná River basin, south-eastern Brazil
Remote sensing algorithm for surface evapotranspiration considering landscape and statistical effects on mixed pixels
Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration estimates over the Tibetan Plateau
Evaluation of soil moisture downscaling using a simple thermal-based proxy – the REMEDHUS network (Spain) example
The SPARSE model for the prediction of water stress and evapotranspiration components from thermal infra-red data and its evaluation over irrigated and rainfed wheat
Evaluation of precipitation estimates over CONUS derived from satellite, radar, and rain gauge data sets at daily to annual scales (2002–2012)
Scoping a field experiment: error diagnostics of TRMM precipitation radar estimates in complex terrain as a basis for IPHEx2014
Comparison of rainfall estimations by TRMM 3B42, MPEG and CFSR with ground-observed data for the Lake Tana basin in Ethiopia
Downscaling of seasonal soil moisture forecasts using satellite data
Long term soil moisture mapping over the Tibetan plateau using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
Intercomparison of four remote-sensing-based energy balance methods to retrieve surface evapotranspiration and water stress of irrigated fields in semi-arid climate
Gopi Goteti and James Famiglietti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3435–3455, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3435-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3435-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Underestimation of precipitation (UoP) in India is a substantial issue not just within gauge-based precipitation datasets but also within state-of-the-art satellite and reanalysis-based datasets. UoP is prevalent across most river basins of India, including those that have experienced catastrophic flooding in the recent past. This paper highlights not only a major limitation of existing precipitation products for India but also other data-related obstacles faced by the research community.
Mohammed Abdallah, Ke Zhang, Lijun Chao, Abubaker Omer, Khalid Hassaballah, Kidane Welde Reda, Linxin Liu, Tolossa Lemma Tola, and Omar M. Nour
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1147–1172, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A D-vine copula-based quantile regression (DVQR) model is used to merge satellite precipitation products. The performance of the DVQR model is compared with the simple model average and one-outlier-removed average methods. The nonlinear DVQR model outperforms the quantile-regression-based multivariate linear and Bayesian model averaging methods.
Jin Feng, Ke Zhang, Huijie Zhan, and Lijun Chao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 363–383, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we improved a satellite-driven evaporation algorithm by introducing the modified versions of the two constraint schemes. The two moisture constraint schemes largely improved the evaporation estimation on two barren-dominated basins of the Tibetan Plateau. Investigation of moisture constraint uncertainty showed that high-quality soil moisture can optimally represent moisture, and more accessible precipitation data generally help improve the estimation of barren evaporation.
Kunlong He, Wei Zhao, Luca Brocca, and Pere Quintana-Seguí
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 169–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we developed a soil moisture-based precipitation downscaling (SMPD) method for spatially downscaling the GPM daily precipitation product by exploiting the connection between surface soil moisture and precipitation according to the soil water balance equation. Based on this physical method, the spatial resolution of the daily precipitation product was downscaled to 1 km and the SMPD method shows good potential for the development of the high-resolution precipitation product.
Elias Nkiaka, Robert G. Bryant, Joshua Ntajal, and Eliézer I. Biao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5899–5916, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5899-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5899-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Achieving water security in poorly gauged regions is hindered by a lack of in situ hydrometeorological data. In this study, we validated nine existing gridded water resource reanalyses and eight evapotranspiration products in eight representative gauged basins in Central–West Africa. Our results show the strengths and and weaknesses of the existing products and that these products can be used to assess water security in ungauged basins. However, it is imperative to validate these products.
Shijie Li, Guojie Wang, Chenxia Zhu, Jiao Lu, Waheed Ullah, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Giri Kattel, and Jian Peng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3691–3707, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the precipitation variability dominantly controls global evapotranspiration (ET) in dry climates, while the net radiation has substantial control over ET in the tropical regions, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) impacts ET trends in boreal mid-latitude climate. The critical role of VPD in controlling ET trends is particularly emphasized due to its influence in controlling the carbon–water–energy cycle.
Ashwini Petchiappan, Susan C. Steele-Dunne, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Sebastian Hahn, Wolfgang Wagner, and Rafael Oliveira
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2997–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates spatial and temporal patterns in the incidence angle dependence of backscatter from the ASCAT C-band scatterometer and relates those to precipitation, humidity, and radiation data and GRACE equivalent water thickness in ecoregions in the Amazon. The results show that the ASCAT data record offers a unique perspective on vegetation water dynamics exhibiting sensitivity to moisture availability and demand and phenological change at interannual, seasonal, and diurnal scales.
Paul C. Vermunt, Susan C. Steele-Dunne, Saeed Khabbazan, Jasmeet Judge, and Nick C. van de Giesen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1223–1241, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of hydrometeorological sensors to reconstruct variations in internal vegetation water content of corn and relates these variations to the sub-daily behaviour of polarimetric L-band backscatter. The results show significant sensitivity of backscatter to the daily cycles of vegetation water content and dew, particularly on dry days and for vertical and cross-polarizations, which demonstrates the potential for using radar for studies on vegetation water dynamics.
Xiaolu Ling, Ying Huang, Weidong Guo, Yixin Wang, Chaorong Chen, Bo Qiu, Jun Ge, Kai Qin, Yong Xue, and Jian Peng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4209–4229, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4209-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4209-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in the water and energy cycles of the Earth system, for which a long-term SM product with high quality is urgently needed. In situ observations are generally treated as the true value to systematically evaluate five SM products, including one remote sensing product and four reanalysis data sets during 1981–2013. This long-term intercomparison study provides clues for SM product enhancement and further hydrological applications.
Maoshan Li, Xiaoran Liu, Lei Shu, Shucheng Yin, Lingzhi Wang, Wei Fu, Yaoming Ma, Yaoxian Yang, and Fanglin Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2915–2930, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, using MODIS satellite data and site atmospheric turbulence observation data in the Nagqu area of the northern Tibetan Plateau, with the Massman-retrieved model and a single height observation to determine aerodynamic surface roughness, temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the surface roughness were analyzed. The result is feasible, and it can be applied to improve the model parameters of the land surface model and the accuracy of model simulation in future work.
Jessica C. A. Baker, Luis Garcia-Carreras, Manuel Gloor, John H. Marsham, Wolfgang Buermann, Humberto R. da Rocha, Antonio D. Nobre, Alessandro Carioca de Araujo, and Dominick V. Spracklen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2279–2300, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2279-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2279-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital part of the Amazon water cycle, but it is difficult to measure over large areas. In this study, we compare spatial patterns, seasonality, and recent trends in Amazon ET from a water-budget analysis with estimates from satellites, reanalysis, and global climate models. We find large differences between products, showing that many widely used datasets and climate models may not provide a reliable representation of this crucial variable over the Amazon.
Jianxiu Qiu, Jianzhi Dong, Wade T. Crow, Xiaohu Zhang, Rolf H. Reichle, and Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1569–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1569-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1569-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The SMAP L4 dataset has been extensively used in hydrological applications. We innovatively use a machine learning method to analyze how the efficiency of the L4 data assimilation (DA) system is determined. It shows that DA efficiency is mainly related to Tb innovation, followed by error in precipitation forcing and microwave soil roughness. Since the L4 system can effectively filter out precipitation error, future development should focus on correctly specifying the SSM–RZSM coupling strength.
Rogier van der Velde, Andreas Colliander, Michiel Pezij, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Rajat Bindlish, Steven K. Chan, Thomas J. Jackson, Dimmie M. D. Hendriks, Denie C. M. Augustijn, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 473–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
NASA’s SMAP satellite provides estimates of the amount of water in the soil. With measurements from a network of 20 monitoring stations, the accuracy of these estimates has been studied for a 4-year period. We found an agreement between satellite and in situ estimates in line with the mission requirements once the large mismatches associated with rapidly changing water contents, e.g. soil freezing and rainfall, are excluded.
Moctar Dembélé, Bettina Schaefli, Nick van de Giesen, and Grégoire Mariéthoz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5379–5406, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5379-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5379-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates 102 combinations of rainfall and temperature datasets from satellite and reanalysis sources as input to a fully distributed hydrological model. The model is recalibrated for each input dataset, and the outputs are evaluated with streamflow, evaporation, soil moisture and terrestrial water storage data. Results show that no single rainfall or temperature dataset consistently ranks first in reproducing the spatio-temporal variability of all hydrological processes.
Michael W. Burnett, Gregory R. Quetin, and Alexandra G. Konings
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4189–4211, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4189-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4189-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water that evaporates from Africa's tropical forests provides rainfall throughout the continent. However, there are few sources of meteorological data in central Africa, so we use observations from satellites to estimate evaporation from the Congo Basin at different times of the year. We find that existing evaporation estimates in tropical Africa do not accurately capture seasonal variations in evaporation and that fluctuations in soil moisture and solar radiation drive evaporation rates.
Suwash Chandra Acharya, Rory Nathan, Quan J. Wang, Chun-Hsu Su, and Nathan Eizenberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2951–2962, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2951-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2951-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
BARRA is a high-resolution reanalysis dataset over the Oceania region. This study evaluates the performance of sub-daily BARRA precipitation at point and spatial scales over Australia. We find that the dataset reproduces some of the sub-daily characteristics of precipitation well, although it exhibits some spatial displacement errors, and it performs better in temperate than in tropical regions. The product is well suited to complement other estimates derived from remote sensing and rain gauges.
Christian Massari, Luca Brocca, Thierry Pellarin, Gab Abramowitz, Paolo Filippucci, Luca Ciabatta, Viviana Maggioni, Yann Kerr, and Diego Fernandez Prieto
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2687–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2687-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2687-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rain gauges are unevenly spaced around the world with extremely low gauge density over places like Africa and South America. Here, water-related problems like floods, drought and famine are particularly severe and able to cause fatalities, migration and diseases. We have developed a rainfall dataset that exploits the synergies between rainfall and soil moisture to provide accurate rainfall observations which can be used to face these problems.
Floyd Vukosi Khosa, Mohau Jacob Mateyisi, Martina Reynita van der Merwe, Gregor Timothy Feig, Francois Alwyn Engelbrecht, and Michael John Savage
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1587–1609, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1587-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1587-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper evaluates soil moisture outputs from three structurally distinct models against in situ data. Our goal is to find how representative the model outputs are for site and region. This is a question of interest as some of the models have a specific regional focus on their inceptions. Much focus is placed on how the models capture the soil moisture signal. We find that there is agreement on seasonal patterns between the models and observations with a tolerable level of model uncertainty.
Yu Ma, Guangheng Ni, Chandrasekar V. Chandra, Fuqiang Tian, and Haonan Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4153–4170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4153-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4153-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Raindrop size distribution (DSD) information is fundamental in understanding the precipitation microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation. This study extensively investigates the DSD characteristics during rainy seasons in the Beijing urban area using 5-year DSD observations from a Parsivel2 disdrometer. The statistical distributions of DSD parameters are examined and the polarimetric radar rainfall algorithms are derived to support the ongoing development of an X-band radar network.
Suwash Chandra Acharya, Rory Nathan, Quan J. Wang, Chun-Hsu Su, and Nathan Eizenberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3387–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3387-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3387-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
BARRA is a novel regional reanalysis for Australia. Our research demonstrates that it is able to characterize a rich spatial variation in daily precipitation behaviour. In addition, its ability to represent large rainfalls is valuable for the analysis of extremes. It is a useful complement to existing precipitation datasets for Australia, especially in sparsely gauged regions.
Webster Gumindoga, Tom H. M. Rientjes, Alemseged Tamiru Haile, Hodson Makurira, and Paolo Reggiani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2915–2938, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2915-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2915-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the influence of elevation and distance from large-scale open water bodies on bias for CMORPH satellite rainfall in the Zambezi basin. Effects of distance > 10 km from water bodies are minimal, whereas the effects at shorter distances are indicated but are not conclusive for lack of rain gauges. Taylor diagrams show station elevation influencing CMORPH performance. The
spatio-temporaland newly developed
elevation zonebias schemes proved more effective in removing CMORPH bias.
Seshagiri Rao Kolusu, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Martin C. Todd, Richard G. Taylor, David Seddon, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Girma Y. Ebrahim, Mark O. Cuthbert, James P. R. Sorensen, Karen G. Villholth, Alan M. MacDonald, and Dave A. MacLeod
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1751–1762, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1751-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1751-2019, 2019
Frédéric Satgé, Denis Ruelland, Marie-Paule Bonnet, Jorge Molina, and Ramiro Pillco
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 595–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-595-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-595-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper assesses the potential of satellite precipitation estimates (SPEs) for precipitation measurement and hydrological and snow modelling. A total of 12 SPEs is considered to provide a global overview of available SPE accuracy for users interested in such datasets. Results show that, over poorly monitored regions, SPEs represent a very efficient alternative to traditional precipitation gauges to follow precipitation in time and space and for hydrological and snow modelling.
Maik Renner, Claire Brenner, Kaniska Mallick, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Luigi Conte, Ivonne Trebs, Jianhui Wei, Volker Wulfmeyer, Karsten Schulz, and Axel Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 515–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the phase lag of surface states and heat fluxes to incoming solar radiation at the sub-daily timescale. While evapotranspiration reveals a minor phase lag, the vapor pressure deficit used as input by Penman–Monteith approaches shows a large phase lag. The surface-to-air temperature gradient used by energy balance residual approaches shows a small phase shift in agreement with the sensible heat flux and thus explains the better correlation of these models at the sub-daily timescale.
Victor Pellet, Filipe Aires, Simon Munier, Diego Fernández Prieto, Gabriel Jordá, Wouter Arnoud Dorigo, Jan Polcher, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 465–491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-465-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-465-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study is an effort for a better understanding and quantification of the water cycle and related processes in the Mediterranean region, by dealing with satellite products and their uncertainties. The aims of the paper are 3-fold: (1) developing methods with hydrological constraints to integrate all the datasets, (2) giving the full picture of the Mediterranean WC, and (3) building a model-independent database that can evaluate the numerous regional climate models (RCMs) for this region.
Samiro Khodayar, Amparo Coll, and Ernesto Lopez-Baeza
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 255–275, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-255-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-255-2019, 2019
Franziska K. Fischer, Tanja Winterrath, and Karl Auerswald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6505–6518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6505-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6505-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The potential of rain to cause soil erosion by runoff is called rain erosivity. Rain erosivity is highly variable in space and time even over distances of less than 1 km. Contiguously measured radar rain data depict for the first time this spatio-temporal variation, but scaling factors are required to account for differences in spatial and temporal resolution compared to rain gauge data. These scaling factors were obtained from more than 2 million erosive events.
Phu Nguyen, Mohammed Ombadi, Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, Amir AghaKouchak, Dan Braithwaite, Hamed Ashouri, and Andrea Rose Thorstensen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5801–5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5801-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5801-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this article is to first provide an overview of the available PERSIANN precipitation retrieval algorithms and their differences. We evaluate the products over CONUS at different spatial and temporal scales using CPC data. Daily scale is the finest temporal scale used for the evaluation over CONUS. We provide a comparison of the available products at a quasi-global scale. We highlight the strengths and limitations of the PERSIANN products.
Jason A. Otkin, Yafang Zhong, David Lorenz, Martha C. Anderson, and Christopher Hain
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5373–5386, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5373-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5373-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Correlation analyses were used to explore relationships between the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) – which depicts anomalies in evapotranspiration (ET) – and various land and atmospheric variables that impact ET. The results revealed that the ESI is more strongly correlated to anomalies in soil moisture and near-surface vapor pressure deficit than to precipitation and temperature anomalies. Large regional and seasonal dependencies in the strengths of the correlations were also observed.
Vikalp Mishra, James F. Cruise, Christopher R. Hain, John R. Mecikalski, and Martha C. Anderson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4935–4957, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4935-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4935-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple satellite observations can be used for surface and subsurface soil moisture estimations. In this study, satellite observations along with a mathematical model were used to distribute and develop multiyear soil moisture profiles over the southeastern US. Such remotely sensed profiles become particularly useful at large spatiotemporal scales, can be a significant tool in data-scarce regions of the world, can complement various land and crop models, and can act as drought indicators etc.
Solomon Hailu Gebrechorkos, Stephan Hülsmann, and Christian Bernhofer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4547–4564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4547-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4547-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In Africa field-based meteorological data are scarce; therefore global data sources based on remote sensing and climate models are often used as alternatives. To assess their suitability for a large and topographically complex area in East Africa, we evaluated multiple climate data products with available ground station data at multiple timescales over 21 regions. The comprehensive evaluation resulted in identification of preferential data sources to be used for climate and hydrological studies.
Ruifang Guo, Yuanbo Liu, Han Zhou, and Yaqiao Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3685–3699, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3685-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3685-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Existing satellite products are often insufficient for use in small-scale (< 10 km) hydrological and meteorological studies. We propose a new approach based on the cumulative distribution of frequency to downscale satellite precipitation products with geostationary (GEO) data. This paper uses CMORPH and FY2-E GEO data to examine the approach in six different climate regions. The downscaled precipitation performed better for convective systems.
Irina Y. Petrova, Chiel C. van Heerwaarden, Cathy Hohenegger, and Françoise Guichard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3275–3294, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3275-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3275-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In North Africa rain storms can be as vital as they are devastating. The present study uses multi-year satellite data to better understand how and where soil moisture conditions affect development of rainfall in the area. Our results reveal two major regions in the southwest and southeast, where drier soils show higher potential to cause rainfall development. This knowledge is essential for the hydrological sector, and can be further used by models to improve prediction of rainfall and droughts.
Nishan Bhattarai, Kaniska Mallick, Nathaniel A. Brunsell, Ge Sun, and Meha Jain
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2311–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report the first ever regional-scale implementation of the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC1.2) model for mapping evapotranspiration (ET) using MODIS land surface and gridded climate datasets to overcome the existing uncertainties in aerodynamic temperature and conductance estimation in global ET models. Validation and intercomparison with SEBS and MOD16 products across an aridity gradient in the US manifested better ET mapping potential of STIC1.2 in different climates and biomes.
Edouard Goudenhoofdt, Laurent Delobbe, and Patrick Willems
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5385–5399, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5385-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5385-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the characteristics of extreme precipitation is useful for flood management applications like sewer system design. The potential of a 12-year high-quality weather radar precipitation dataset is investigated by comparison with rain gauges. Despite known limitations, a good agreement is found between the radar and the rain gauges. Using the radar data allow us to reduce the uncertainty of the extreme value analysis, especially for short duration extremes related to thunderstorms.
Christian Massari, Wade Crow, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4347–4361, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4347-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4347-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The paper explores a method for the assessment of the performance of global rainfall estimates without relying on ground-based observations. Thanks to this method, different global correlation maps are obtained (for the first time without relying on a benchmark dataset) for some of the most used globally available rainfall products. This is central for hydroclimatic studies within data-scarce regions, where ground observations are scarce to evaluate the relative quality of a rainfall product
Beas Barik, Subimal Ghosh, A. Saheer Sahana, Amey Pathak, and Muddu Sekhar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3041–3060, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3041-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3041-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The article summarises changing patterns of the water-food-energy nexus in India during recent decades. The work first analyses satellite data of water storage with a validation using the observed well data. Northern India shows a declining trend of water storage and western-central India shows an increasing trend of the same. Major droughts result in a drop in water storage which is not recovered due to uncontrolled ground water irrigation for agricultural activities even in good monsoon years.
Francesco Marra, Efrat Morin, Nadav Peleg, Yiwen Mei, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2389–2404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall frequency analyses from radar and satellite estimates over the eastern Mediterranean are compared examining different climatic conditions. Correlation between radar and satellite results is high for frequent events and decreases with return period. The uncertainty related to record length is larger for drier climates. The agreement between different sensors instills confidence on their use for rainfall frequency analysis in ungauged areas of the Earth.
David Fairbairn, Alina Lavinia Barbu, Adrien Napoly, Clément Albergel, Jean-François Mahfouf, and Jean-Christophe Calvet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2015–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2015-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2015-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the impact on river discharge simulations over France of assimilating ASCAT-derived surface soil moisture (SSM) and leaf area index (LAI) observations into the ISBA land surface model. Wintertime LAI has a notable impact on river discharge. SSM assimilation degrades river discharge simulations. This is caused by limitations in the simplified versions of the Kalman filter and ISBA model used in this study. Implementing an observation operator for ASCAT is needed.
Davi de C. D. Melo, Bridget R. Scanlon, Zizhan Zhang, Edson Wendland, and Lei Yin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4673–4688, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Drought propagation from rainfall deficits to reservoir depletion was studied based on remote sensing, monitoring and modelling data. Regional droughts were shown by widespread depletion in total water storage that reduced soil moisture storage and runoff, greatly reducing reservoir storage. The multidisciplinary approach to drought assessment shows the linkages between meteorological and hydrological droughts that are essential for managing water resources subjected to climate extremes.
Zhi Qing Peng, Xiaozhou Xin, Jin Jun Jiao, Ti Zhou, and Qinhuo Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4409–4438, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4409-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4409-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A remote sensing algorithm named temperature sharpening and flux aggregation (TSFA) was applied to HJ-1B satellite data to estimate evapotranspiration over heterogeneous surface considering landscape and statistical effects on mixed pixels. Footprint validation results showed TSFA was more accurate and less uncertain than other two upscaling methods. Additional analysis and comparison showed TSFA can capture land surface heterogeneities and integrate the effect of landscapes within mixed pixels.
Jian Peng, Alexander Loew, Xuelong Chen, Yaoming Ma, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3167–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3167-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3167-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau plays a major role in regional and global climate. The knowledge of latent heat flux can help to better describe the complex interactions between land and atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-comparison of existing latent heat flux products over the TP. The results highlight the recently developed latent heat product – High Resolution Land Surface Parameters from Space (HOLAPS).
J. Peng, J. Niesel, and A. Loew
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4765–4782, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4765-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4765-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper gives a comprehensive evaluation of a simple newly developed downscaling scheme using in situ measurements from REMEDHUS network, a first cross-comparison of the performance of the downscaled soil moisture from MODIS and MSG SEVIRI, an evaluation of the performance of the downscaled soil moisture at different spatial resolutions, and an exploration of the influence of LST, vegetation index, terrain, clouds, and land cover heterogeneity on the performance of VTCI.
G. Boulet, B. Mougenot, J.-P. Lhomme, P. Fanise, Z. Lili-Chabaane, A. Olioso, M. Bahir, V. Rivalland, L. Jarlan, O. Merlin, B. Coudert, S. Er-Raki, and J.-P. Lagouarde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4653–4672, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4653-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4653-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a new model (SPARSE) to estimate total evapotranspiration as well as its components (evaporation and transpiration) from remote-sensing data in the thermal infra-red domain. The limits of computing two unknowns (evaporation and transpiration) out of one piece of information (one surface temperature) are assessed theoretically. The model performance in retrieving the components as well as the water stress is assessed for two wheat crops (one irrigated and one rainfed).
O. P. Prat and B. R. Nelson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2037–2056, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2037-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2037-2015, 2015
Y. Duan, A. M. Wilson, and A. P. Barros
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1501–1520, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1501-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1501-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A diagnostic analysis of the space-time structure of error in quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from the precipitation radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite is presented here in preparation for the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) in 2014. A high-density raingauge network over the southern Appalachians allows for direct comparison between ground-based measurements and satellite-based QPE (PR 2A25 Version 7 with 5 years of data 2008-2013).
A. W. Worqlul, B. Maathuis, A. A. Adem, S. S. Demissie, S. Langan, and T. S. Steenhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4871–4881, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4871-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4871-2014, 2014
S. Schneider, A. Jann, and T. Schellander-Gorgas
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2899–2905, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2899-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2899-2014, 2014
R. van der Velde, M. S. Salama, T. Pellarin, M. Ofwono, Y. Ma, and Z. Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1323–1337, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1323-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1323-2014, 2014
J. Chirouze, G. Boulet, L. Jarlan, R. Fieuzal, J. C. Rodriguez, J. Ezzahar, S. Er-Raki, G. Bigeard, O. Merlin, J. Garatuza-Payan, C. Watts, and G. Chehbouni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1165–1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1165-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1165-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Alber, R., Jaagus, J., and Oja, P.: Diurnal cycle of precipitation in
Estonia, Est. J. Earth Sci., 64, 305–313,
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2015.36, 2015.
Bringi, V. N., Rico-Ramirez, M. A., and Thurai, M.: Rainfall estimation with
an operational polarimetric C-band radar in the United Kingdom: comparison
with a gauge network and error analysis, J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 935–954,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-10-05013.1, 2011.
Cao, Q., Knight, M., and Qi, Y.: Dual-pol radar measurements of Hurricane
Irma and comparison of radar QPE to rain gauge data, in: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Radar Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, 23–27 April 2018, 0496–0501, https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2018.8378609, 2018.
Chandrasekar, V. and Cifelli, R.: Concepts and principles of rainfall
estimation from radar: Multi sensor environment and data fusion, Indian J.
Radio Space, 41, 389–402, 2012.
Chandrasekar, V., Keränen, R., Lim, S., and Moisseev, D.: Recent advances
in classification of observations from dual polarization weather radars,
Atmos. Res., 119, 97–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.08.014,
2013.
Chang, W. Y., Vivekanandan, J., Ikeda, K., and Lin, P. L.: Quantitative
precipitation estimation of the epic 2013 Colorado flood event: Polarization
radar-based variational scheme, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 55, 1477–1495,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0222.1, 2016.
Chen, H. and Chandrasekar, V.: The quantitative precipitation estimation
system for Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) urban remote sensing network, J.
Hydrol., 531, 259–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.040, 2015.
Cifelli, R., Chandrasekar, V., Lim, S., Kennedy, P. C., Wang, Y., and
Rutledge, S. A.: A new dual-polarization radar rainfall algorithm:
Application in Colorado precipitation events, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 28,
352–364, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1488.1, 2011.
Cornes, R. C., van der Schrier, G., van den Besselaar, E. J., and Jones, P. D.: An Ensemble Version of the E-OBS Temperature and Precipitation Data Sets, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 9391–9409, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD028200, 2018.
Cremonini, R. and Bechini, R.: Heavy rainfall monitoring by polarimetric
C-band weather radars, Water-Sui., 2, 838–848, https://doi.org/10.3390/w2040838, 2010.
Cremonini, R. and Tiranti, D.: The Weather Radar Observations Applied to
Shallow Landslides Prediction: A Case Study From North-Western Italy, Front.
Earth Sci., 6, 134, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00134, 2018.
Crisologo, I., Vulpiani, G., Abon, C. C., David, C. P. C., Bronstert, A., and
Heistermann, M.: Polarimetric rainfall retrieval from a C-Band weather radar
in a tropical environment (The Philippines), Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 50,
595–607, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-014-0049-y, 2014.
Devoli, G., Tiranti, D., Cremonini, R., Sund, M., and Boje, S.: Comparison of landslide forecasting services in Piedmont (Italy) and Norway, illustrated by events in late spring 2013, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1351–1372, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1351-2018, 2018.
Giangrande, S. E. and Ryzhkov, A. V.: Estimation of rainfall based on the
results of polarimetric echo classification, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.,
47, 2445–2462, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAMC1753.1, 2008.
Giangrande, S. E., McGraw, R., and Lei, L.: An application of linear
programming to polarimetric radar differential phase processing, J. Atmos.
Ocean. Tech., 30, 1716–1729, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00147.1,
2013.
Gorgucci, E., Scarchilli, G., and Chandrasekar, V.: Calibration of radars
using polarimetric techniques, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 30,
853–858, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.175319, 1992.
Gorgucci, E., Scarchilli, G., and Chandrasekar, V.: A procedure to calibrate
multiparameter weather radar using properties of the rain medium, IEEE
T. Geosci. Remote, 37, 269–276, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.739161,
1999.
Goudenhoofdt, E. and Delobbe, L.: Generation and verification of rainfall
estimates from 10-yr volumetric weather radar measurements, J.
Hydrometeorol., 17, 1223–1242, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0166.1,
2016.
Gourley, J. J., Illingworth, A. J., and Tabary, P.: Absolute calibration of
radar reflectivity using redundancy of the polarization observations and
implied constraints on drop shapes, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 689–703,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1152.1, 2009.
Gregorč, G., Macpherson, B., Rossa, A., and Haase, G.: Assimilation of
radar precipitation data in NWP Models–a review, Phys. Chem. Earth Pt.
B, 25, 1233–1235, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00185-4, 2000.
Helmus, J. J. and Collis, S. M.: The Python ARM Radar Toolkit (Py-ART),
a Library for Working with Weather Radar Data in the Python Programming Language,
J. Open Res. Softw., 4, e25, https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.119, 2016.
Koistinen, J.: Operational correction of radar rainfall errors due to the
vertical reflectivity profile, Proceedings of the 25th Radar Meteorology
Conference, American Meteorological Society, Paris, France, 91–96,
1991.
Krajewski, W. F., Villarini, G., and Smith, J. A.: Radar-Rainfall
Uncertainties: Where are We after Thirty Years of Effort?, B. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 91, 87–94, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2747.1, 2010.
Lauri, T., Koistinen, J., and Moisseev, D.: Advection-Based Adjustment of
Radar Measurements, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 1014–1022,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00045.1, 2012.
Leinonen, J., Moisseev, D., Leskinen, M., and Petersen, W. A.: A climatology
of disdrometer measurements of rainfall in Finland over five years with
implications for global radar observations, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.,
51, 392–404, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-056.1, 2012.
Macpherson, B., Lindskog, M., Ducrocq, V., Nuret, M., Gregoric, G., Rossa,
A., Haase, G., Holleman, I., and Alberoni, P. P.: Assimilation of Radar Data
in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Models, in: Weather Radar – Principles
and Advanced Applications, Springer, Berlin, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05202-0_9, 2004.
Montopoli, M., Roberto, N., Adirosi, E., Gorgucci, E., and Baldini, L.:
Investigation of Weather Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation
Methodologies in Complex Orography, Atmosphere-Basel, 8, 34,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8020034, 2017.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part I: A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6, 1970.
Overeem, A., Holleman, I., and Buishand, A.: Derivation of a 10 year
radar-based climatology of rainfall, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 48,
1448–1463, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC1954.1, 2009.
Petropoulos, G. P. and Islam, T.: Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological
Hazards, CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, USA, 2017.
Ryzhkov, A. V. and Zrnić, D. S.: Comparison of dual-polarization radar
estimators of rain, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 12, 249–256,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0249:CODPRE>2.0.CO;2,
1995.
Ryzhkov, A. V. and Zrnic, D. S.: Radar Polarimetry for Weather Observations,
Springer, Cham, Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05093-1, 2019.
Ryzhkov, A. V., Schuur, T. J., Burgess, D. W., Heinselman, P. L., Giangrande,
S. E., and Zrnic, D. S.: The Joint Polarization Experiment: Polarimetric
rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification, B. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 86, 809–824, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-6-809, 2005.
Ryzhkov, A. V., Diederich, M., Zhang, P., and Simmer, C.: Potential
utilization of specific attenuation for rainfall estimation, mitigation of
partial beam blockage, and radar networking, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 31,
599–619, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00038.1, 2014.
Saltikoff, E., Friedrich, K., Soderholm, J., Lengfeld, K., Nelson, B.,
Becker, A., Hollmann, R., Urban, B., Heistermann, M., and Tassone, C.: An
Overview of Using Weather Radar for Climatological Studies: Successes,
Challenges, and Potential, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 1739–1752,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0166.1, 2019.
Schraff, C., Reich, H., Rhodin, A., Schomburg, A., Stephan, K.,
Periáñez, A., and Potthast, R.: Kilometre-scale ensemble data
assimilation for the COSMO model (KENDA), Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142,
1453–1472, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2748, 2016.
Sun, Q., Miao, C., Duan, Q., Ashouri, H., Sorooshian, S., and Hsu, K. L.: A
review of global precipitation data sets: data sources, estimation, and
intercomparisons, Rev. Geophys., 56, 79–107,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000574, 2018.
Tammets, T. and Jaagus, J.: Climatology of precipitation extremes in Estonia
using the method of moving precipitation totals, Theor. Appl. Climatol.,
111, 623–639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0691-1, 2013.
Tapiador, F., Marcos, C., Navarro, A., Jiménez-Alcázar, A., Moreno
Galdón, R., and Sanz, J.: Decorrelation of satellite precipitation
estimates in space and time, Remote Sens., 10, 752,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050752, 2018.
Vuerich, E., Monesi, C., Lanza, L., Stagi, L., Lanzinger, E.: WMO Field
Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Gauges, Vigna di Valle, Italy, October
2007–April 2009, WMO/TD- No. 1504; IOM Report- No. 99, 2009.
Vulpiani, G. and Baldini, L.: Observations of a severe hail-bearing storm by
an operational X-band polarimetric radar in the Mediterranean area, in:
Proceedings of the 36th AMS Conference on Radar Meteorology, Breckenridge, CO, SA, 16–20 September 2013, 7208, 2013.
Vulpiani, G., Tabary, P., Parent du Chatelet, J., and Marzano, F. S.:
Comparison of advanced radar polarimetric techniques for operational
attenuation correction at C band, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 25, 1118–1135,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHA936.1, 2008.
Vulpiani, G., Montopoli, M., Passeri, L. D., Gioia, A. G., Giordano, P., and
Marzano, F. S.: On the use of dual-polarized C-band radar for operational
rainfall retrieval in mountainous areas, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 51,
405–425, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05024.1, 2012.
Wang, Y. and Chandrasekar, V.: Algorithm for estimation of the specific
differential phase, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 2565–2578,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JTECHA1358.1, 2009.
Wang, Y. and Chandrasekar, V.: Quantitative precipitation estimation in the
CASA X-band dual-polarization radar network, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 27,
1665–1676, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1419.1, 2010.
Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Ryzhkov, A. V., and Tang, L.: C-band polarimetric radar
QPE based on specific differential propagation phase for extreme typhoon
rainfall, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 30, 1354–1370,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00083.1, 2013.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(7449 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
A long set of operational polarimetric weather radar rainfall accumulations from Estonia and Italy are generated and investigated. Results show that the combined product of specific differential phase and horizontal reflectivity yields the best results when compared to rain gauge measurements. The specific differential-phase-based product overestimates weak precipitation, and the horizontal-reflectivity-based product underestimates heavy rainfall in all analysed accumulation periods.
A long set of operational polarimetric weather radar rainfall accumulations from Estonia and...