Articles | Volume 22, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5559-2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5559-2018
Research article
 | 
26 Oct 2018
Research article |  | 26 Oct 2018

Evaluating and improving modeled turbulent heat fluxes across the North American Great Lakes

Umarporn Charusombat, Ayumi Fujisaki-Manome, Andrew D. Gronewold, Brent M. Lofgren, Eric J. Anderson, Peter D. Blanken, Christopher Spence, John D. Lenters, Chuliang Xiao, Lindsay E. Fitzpatrick, and Gregory Cutrell

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Cited articles

Anderson, E. J. and Schwab, D. J.: Predicting the oscillating bi-directional exchange flow in the Straits of Mackinac, J. Great Lakes Res., 39, 663–671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.001, 2013. 
Anderson, E. J., Bechle, A. J., Wu, C. H., Schwab, D. J., Mann, G. E., and Lombardy, K. A.: Reconstruction of a meteotsunami in Lake Erie on 27 May 2012; Roles of atmospheric conditions on hydrodynamic response in enclosed basins, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010564, 2015. 
Andreas, E. L.: A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 38, 159–184, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121562, 1987. 
Bai, X., Wang, J., Schwab, D. J., Yang, Y., Luo, L., Leshkevich, G. A., and Liu, S.: Modeling 1993–2008 climatology of seasonal general circulation and thermal structure in the Great Lakes using FVCOM, Ocean Model., 65, 40–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.02.003, 2013. 
Baldocchi, D., Hicks, B. B., and Meyers, T.: Measuring biosphere–atmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods, Ecology, 69, 1331–1340, 1988. 
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Short summary
The authors evaluated several algorithms of heat loss and evaporation simulation by comparing with direct measurements at four offshore flux towers in the North American Great Lakes. The algorithms reproduced the seasonal cycle of heat loss and evaporation reasonably, but some algorithms significantly overestimated them during fall to early winter. This was due to false assumption of roughness length scales for temperature and humidity and was improved by employing a correct parameterization.