Articles | Volume 25, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3053-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3053-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Groundwater fauna in an urban area – natural or affected?
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Kathrin Menberg
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Svenja Schweikert
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Cornelia Spengler
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
Hans Jürgen Hahn
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
Philipp Blum
Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Related authors
Fabien Koch, Philipp Blum, Heide Stein, Andreas Fuchs, Hans Jürgen Hahn, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify shifts in groundwater fauna due to natural or human impacts over two decades. We find no overall temporal and large-scale trends for fauna and abiotic parameters. However, at a local level, six monitoring wells show shifting or fluctuating faunal parameters. Our findings indicate that changes in surface conditions should be assessed in line with hydro-chemical parameters to better understand changes in groundwater fauna and to obtain reliable biomonitoring results.
Haegyeong Lee, Manuel Gossler, Kai Zosseder, Philipp Blum, Peter Bayer, and Gabriel C. Rau
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1949, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A systematic laboratory experiment elucidates two-phase heat transport due to water flow in saturated porous media to understand thermal propagation in aquifers. Results reveal delayed thermal arrival in the solid phase, depending on grain size and flow velocity. Analytical modeling using standard local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and advanced local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) theory fails to describe temperature breakthrough curves, highlighting the need for more advanced numerical approaches.
Fabien Koch, Philipp Blum, Heide Stein, Andreas Fuchs, Hans Jürgen Hahn, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify shifts in groundwater fauna due to natural or human impacts over two decades. We find no overall temporal and large-scale trends for fauna and abiotic parameters. However, at a local level, six monitoring wells show shifting or fluctuating faunal parameters. Our findings indicate that changes in surface conditions should be assessed in line with hydro-chemical parameters to better understand changes in groundwater fauna and to obtain reliable biomonitoring results.
Marco Fuchs, Anna Suzuki, Togo Hasumi, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 15, 353–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-353-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-353-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the permeability of a natural fracture in sandstone is estimated based only on its geometry. For this purpose, the topological method of persistent homology is applied to three geometric data sets with different resolutions for the first time. The results of all data sets compare well with conventional experimental and numerical methods. Since the analysis takes less time to the same amount of time, it seems to be a good alternative to conventional methods.
Jose M. Bastias Espejo, Chris Turnadge, Russell S. Crosbie, Philipp Blum, and Gabriel C. Rau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3447–3462, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analytical models estimate subsurface properties from subsurface–tidal load interactions. However, they have limited accuracy in representing subsurface physics and parameter estimation. We derived a new analytical solution which models flow to wells due to atmospheric tides. We applied it to field data and compared our findings with subsurface knowledge. Our results enhance understanding of subsurface systems, providing valuable information on their behavior.
Ruben Stemmle, Haegyeong Lee, Philipp Blum, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-62, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-62, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Using 3D numerical heat transpot models, this study quantifies the potential of low-temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in an urban setting in Southwest Germany. Comparing the determined potential with existing heating and cooling demands shows substantial heating and cooling supply rates that could be achieved by a widespread application of ATES systems. The study also highlights possible greenhouse gas emission savings compared to conventional heating and cooling technologies.
José M. Bastías Espejo, Andy Wilkins, Gabriel C. Rau, and Philipp Blum
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6257–6272, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6257-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6257-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The hydraulic and mechanical properties of the subsurface are inherently heterogeneous. RHEA is a simulator that can perform couple hydro-geomechanical processes in heterogeneous porous media with steep gradients. RHEA is able to fully integrate spatial heterogeneity, allowing allocation of distributed hydraulic and geomechanical properties at mesh element level. RHEA is a valuable tool that can simulate problems considering realistic heterogeneity inherent to geologic formations.
Sina Hale, Xavier Ries, David Jaeggi, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 12, 1581–1600, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The construction of tunnels leads to substantial alterations of the surrounding rock, which can be critical concerning safety aspects. We use different mobile methods to assess the hydromechanical properties of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in a claystone. We show that long-term exposure and dehydration preserve a notable fracture permeability and significantly increase strength and stiffness. The methods are suitable for on-site monitoring without any further disturbance of the rock.
Arne Jacob, Markus Peltz, Sina Hale, Frieder Enzmann, Olga Moravcova, Laurence N. Warr, Georg Grathoff, Philipp Blum, and Michael Kersten
Solid Earth, 12, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we combined different imaging and experimental measuring methods for analysis of cross-scale effects which reduce permeability of tight reservoir rocks. Simulated permeability of digital images of rocks is often overestimated, which is caused by non-resolvable clay content within the pores of a rock. By combining FIB-SEM with micro-XCT imaging, we were able to simulate the true clay mineral abundance to match experimentally measured permeability with simulated permeability.
Gabriel C. Rau, Mark O. Cuthbert, R. Ian Acworth, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6033–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides an important generalisation of a previously developed method that quantifies subsurface barometric efficiency using the groundwater level response to Earth and atmospheric tides. The new approach additionally allows the quantification of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. This enables improved and rapid assessment of subsurface processes and properties using standard pressure measurements.
Chaojie Cheng, Sina Hale, Harald Milsch, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 11, 2411–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fluids (like water or gases) within the Earth's crust often flow and interact with rock through fractures. The efficiency with which these fluids may flow through this void space is controlled by the width of the fracture(s). In this study, three different physical methods to measure fracture width were applied and compared and their predictive accuracy was evaluated. As a result, the mobile methods tested may well be applied in the field if a number of limitations and requirements are observed.
Gabriel C. Rau, Vincent E. A. Post, Margaret Shanafield, Torsten Krekeler, Eddie W. Banks, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3603–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3603-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3603-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of water is often inferred from water levels and gradients whose measurements are considered trivial despite the many steps and complexity of the instruments involved. We systematically review the four measurement steps required and summarise the systematic errors. To determine the accuracy with which flow can be resolved, we quantify and propagate the random errors. Our results illustrate the limitations of current practice and provide concise recommendations to improve data quality.
Susanne A. Benz, Peter Bayer, Gerfried Winkler, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3143–3154, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3143-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3143-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges modern society faces. Increasing temperatures are observed both above ground and, as discussed here, in the groundwater – the source of most drinking water. Within Austria average temperature increased by 0.7 °C over the past 20 years, with an increase of more than 3 °C in some wells and temperature decrease in others. However, these extreme changes can be linked to local events such as the construction of a new drinking water supply.
Daniel Schweizer, Philipp Blum, and Christoph Butscher
Solid Earth, 8, 515–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-515-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-515-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Any 3-D geological model is subject to uncertainty. We applied the concept of information entropy in order to visualize and quantify changes in uncertainty between geological models based on different types of geological input data. Furthermore, we propose two measures, the city-block and the Jaccard distance, to directly compare dissimilarities between models. The presented approach helps to locate areas of uncertainty within the model domain and quantify model improvements due to added data.
Tobias Kling, Da Huo, Jens-Oliver Schwarz, Frieder Enzmann, Sally Benson, and Philipp Blum
Solid Earth, 7, 1109–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1109-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1109-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A method is introduced to implement medical CT data of a fractured sandstone under varying confining pressures into fluid flow simulations to reproduce experimental permeabilities. The simulation results reproduce plausible fracture flow features (e.g. flow channeling, fracture closing/opening) and approximate the actual permeabilities, which are affected by the CT resolution and compositional matrix heterogeneities. Additionally, some recommendations are presented concerning future studies.
M. Huebsch, F. Grimmeisen, M. Zemann, O. Fenton, K. G. Richards, P. Jordan, A. Sawarieh, P. Blum, and N. Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1589–1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1589-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1589-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Two different in situ spectrophotometers, which were used in the field to determine highly time resolved nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at two distinct spring discharge sites, are compared: a double and a multiple wavelength spectrophotometer. The objective of the study was to review the hardware options, determine ease of calibration, accuracy, influence of additional substances and to assess positive and negative aspects of the two sensors as well as troubleshooting and trade-offs.
K. Menberg, P. Blum, B. L. Kurylyk, and P. Bayer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4453–4466, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4453-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4453-2014, 2014
M. Huebsch, O. Fenton, B. Horan, D. Hennessy, K. G. Richards, P. Jordan, N. Goldscheider, C. Butscher, and P. Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4423–4435, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Ecohydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Future response of ecosystem water use efficiency to CO2 effects in the Yellow River Basin, China
Temporal shift of groundwater fauna in South-West Germany
Root zone in the Earth system
Soil water sources and their implications for vegetation restoration in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region during different ablation periods
Biocrust-reduced soil water retention and soil infiltration in an alpine Kobresia meadow
The natural abundance of stable water isotopes method may overestimate deep-layer soil water use by trees
Contribution of cryosphere to runoff in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region based on environmental isotopes
Vegetation optimality explains the convergence of catchments on the Budyko curve
Differential response of plant transpiration to uptake of rainwater-recharged soil water for dominant tree species in the semiarid Loess Plateau
Isotopic offsets between bulk plant water and its sources are larger in cool and wet environments
Hydrology without dimensions
Long-term climate-influenced land cover change in discontinuous permafrost peatland complexes
Age and origin of leaf wax n-alkanes in fluvial sediment–paleosol sequences and implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions
Seasonal partitioning of precipitation between streamflow and evapotranspiration, inferred from end-member splitting analysis
The influence of litter crusts on soil properties and hydrological processes in a sandy ecosystem
Unexplained hydrogen isotope offsets complicate the identification and quantification of tree water sources in a riparian forest
A synthesis of three decades of hydrological research at Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada
Potential evaporation at eddy-covariance sites across the globe
Scaling properties reveal regulation of river flows in the Amazon through a “forest reservoir”
Water movement through plant roots – exact solutions of the water flow equation in roots with linear or exponential piecewise hydraulic properties
Large-scale vegetation responses to terrestrial moisture storage changes
Vegetation dynamics and climate seasonality jointly control the interannual catchment water balance in the Loess Plateau under the Budyko framework
Leaf-scale experiments reveal an important omission in the Penman–Monteith equation
The Budyko functions under non-steady-state conditions
Matching the Budyko functions with the complementary evaporation relationship: consequences for the drying power of the air and the Priestley–Taylor coefficient
Hydrological recovery in two large forested watersheds of southeastern China: the importance of watershed properties in determining hydrological responses to reforestation
The socioecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water storage and release dynamics across spatial scales
Nitrate sinks and sources as controls of spatio-temporal water quality dynamics in an agricultural headwater catchment
Impacts of beaver dams on hydrologic and temperature regimes in a mountain stream
Estimation of crop water requirements: extending the one-step approach to dual crop coefficients
Technical Note: On the Matt–Shuttleworth approach to estimate crop water requirements
Horizontal soil water potential heterogeneity: simplifying approaches for crop water dynamics models
Hurricane impacts on a pair of coastal forested watersheds: implications of selective hurricane damage to forest structure and streamflow dynamics
Regional and local patterns in depth to water table, hydrochemistry and peat properties of bogs and their laggs in coastal British Columbia
Impacts of forest changes on hydrology: a case study of large watersheds in the upper reaches of Minjiang River watershed in China
A simple three-dimensional macroscopic root water uptake model based on the hydraulic architecture approach
Training hydrologists to be ecohydrologists and play a leading role in environmental problem solving
Thermodynamic constraints on effective energy and mass transfer and catchment function
Can we predict groundwater discharge from terrestrial ecosystems using existing eco-hydrological concepts?
Macroinvertebrate community responses to a dewatering disturbance gradient in a restored stream
Mechanisms of vegetation uprooting by flow in alluvial non-cohesive sediment
Forest decline caused by high soil water conditions in a permafrost region
Siwei Chen, Yuxue Guo, Yue-Ping Xu, and Lu Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-145, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-145, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores how increased CO2 levels affect water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin. Using updated climate models, we found that future climate change significantly impacts water efficiency, leading to improved plant resilience against moderate droughts. These findings help predict how ecosystems might adapt to environmental changes, providing essential insights for managing water resources under varying climate conditions.
Fabien Koch, Philipp Blum, Heide Stein, Andreas Fuchs, Hans Jürgen Hahn, and Kathrin Menberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-29, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify shifts in groundwater fauna due to natural or human impacts over two decades. We find no overall temporal and large-scale trends for fauna and abiotic parameters. However, at a local level, six monitoring wells show shifting or fluctuating faunal parameters. Our findings indicate that changes in surface conditions should be assessed in line with hydro-chemical parameters to better understand changes in groundwater fauna and to obtain reliable biomonitoring results.
Hongkai Gao, Markus Hrachowitz, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Fabrizio Fenicia, Qiaojuan Xi, Jianyang Xia, Wei Shao, Ge Sun, and Hubert Savenije
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-332, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-332, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The concept of root zone is widely used, but still lacks a precise definition. Moreover, its importance in Earth system science is not well elaborated. Here, we clarified its definition with several similar terms, to bridge the multi-disciplinary gap. We underscore the key role of root zone in Earth system, which links biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and anthroposphere. To better represent root zone, we advocate a paradigm shift towards ecosystem-centered modelling.
Zongxing Li, Juan Gui, Qiao Cui, Jian Xue, Fa Du, and Lanping Si
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 719–734, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-719-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-719-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation, ground ice, and snow meltwater accounted for approximately 72 %, 20 %, and 8 % of soil water during the early ablation period. Snow is completely melted in the heavy ablation period and the end of the ablation period, and precipitation contributed about 90 % and 94 % of soil water, respectively. These recharges also vary markedly with altitude and vegetation type.
Licong Dai, Ruiyu Fu, Xiaowei Guo, Yangong Du, Guangmin Cao, Huakun Zhou, and Zhongmin Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4247–4256, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4247-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4247-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We found that, in the 0–30 cm soil layer, soil water retention and soil water content in normal Kobresia meadow (NM) were higher than those in biocrust meadow (BM), whereas the 30–40 cm layer's soil water retention and soil water content in NM were lower than those in BM. The topsoil infiltration rate in BM was lower than that in NM. Our findings revealed that the establishment of biocrust did not improve soil water retention and infiltration.
Shaofei Wang, Xiaodong Gao, Min Yang, Gaopeng Huo, Xiaolin Song, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Pute Wu, and Xining Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water uptake depth of 11-year-old apple trees reached 300 cm in the blossom and young fruit stage and only 100 cm in the fruit swelling stage, while 17-year-old trees always consumed water from 0–320 cm soil layers. Overall, the natural abundance of stable water isotopes method overestimated the contribution of deep soil water, especially in the 320–500 cm soils. Our findings highlight that determining the occurrence of root water uptake in deep soils helps to quantify trees' water use strategy.
Juan Gui, Zongxing Li, Qi Feng, Qiao Cui, and Jian Xue
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 97–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-97-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-97-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the arid region, the Qilian Mountains are important ecological barriers and source regions of inland rivers in northwest China. In recent decades, drastic changes in the cryosphere have had a significant impact on the quantity and formation process of water resources in the Qilian Mountains. The mountain runoff of the Qilian Mountains mainly comes from the cryosphere belt, which contributes to approximately 80 % runoff.
Remko C. Nijzink and Stanislaus J. Schymanski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6289–6309, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6289-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6289-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most catchments plot close to the empirical Budyko curve, which allows for estimating the long-term mean annual evaporation and runoff. We found that a model that optimizes vegetation properties in response to changes in precipitation leads it to converge to a single curve. In contrast, models that assume no changes in vegetation start to deviate from a single curve. This implies that vegetation has a stabilizing role, bringing catchments back to equilibrium after changes in climate.
Yakun Tang, Lina Wang, Yongqiang Yu, and Dongxu Lu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4995–5013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Whether rainwater-recharged soil water (RRS) uptake can increase plant transpiration after rainfall pulses requires investigation. Our results indicate a differential response of plant transpiration to RRS uptake. Mixed afforestation enhances these water relationships and decreases soil water source competition in deep soil. Our results suggest that plant species or plantation types that can enhance RRS uptake and reduce water competition should be considered for use in water-limited regions.
Javier de la Casa, Adrià Barbeta, Asun Rodríguez-Uña, Lisa Wingate, Jérôme Ogée, and Teresa E. Gimeno
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4125–4146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, studies have been reporting mismatches in the water isotopic composition of plants and soils. In this work, we reviewed worldwide isotopic composition data of field and laboratory studies to see if the mismatch is generalised, and we found it to be true. This contradicts theoretical expectations and may underlie an non-described phenomenon that should be forward investigated and implemented in ecohydrological models to avoid erroneous estimations of water sources used by vegetation.
Amilcare Porporato
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 355–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Applying dimensional analysis to the partitioning of water and soil on terrestrial landscapes reveals their dominant environmental controls. We discuss how the dryness index and the storage index affect the long-term rainfall partitioning, the key nonlinear control of the dryness index in global datasets of weathering rates, and the existence of new macroscopic relations among average variables in landscape evolution statistics with tantalizing analogies with turbulent fluctuations.
Olivia Carpino, Kristine Haynes, Ryan Connon, James Craig, Élise Devoie, and William Quinton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3301–3317, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates how climate warming in peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost is changing the form and function of the landscape. Key insights into the rates and patterns of such changes in the coming decades are provided through careful identification of land cover transitional stages and characterization of the hydrological and energy balance regimes for each stage.
Marcel Bliedtner, Hans von Suchodoletz, Imke Schäfer, Caroline Welte, Gary Salazar, Sönke Szidat, Mischa Haas, Nathalie Dubois, and Roland Zech
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2105–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2105-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2105-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the age and origin of leaf wax n-alkanes from a fluvial sediment–paleosol sequence (FSPS) by compound-class 14C dating. Our results show varying age offsets between the formation and sedimentation of leaf wax n-alkanes from well-developed (paleo)soils and fluvial sediments that are mostly due to their complex origin in such sequences. Thus, dating the leaf wax n-alkanes is an important step for more robust leaf-wax-based paleoenvironmental reconstructions in FSPSs.
James W. Kirchner and Scott T. Allen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 17–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-17-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-17-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Perhaps the oldest question in hydrology is
Where does water go when it rains?. Here we present a new way to measure how the terrestrial water cycle partitions precipitation into its two ultimate fates:
green waterthat is evaporated or transpired back to the atmosphere and
blue waterthat is discharged to stream channels. Our analysis may help in gauging the vulnerability of both water resources and terrestrial ecosystems to changes in rainfall patterns.
Yu Liu, Zeng Cui, Ze Huang, Hai-Tao Miao, and Gao-Lin Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2481–2490, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2481-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2481-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the positive effects of litter crusts on soil water holding capacity and water interception capacity compared with biocrusts. Litter crusts can significantly improve sandy water content and organic matter. Water-holding capacity increased with development of litter crusts in the sandy interface. Water infiltration rate is increased by sandy and litter crusts' interface properties. Litter crusts provided a better microhabitat conducive to plant growth in sandy lands.
Adrià Barbeta, Sam P. Jones, Laura Clavé, Lisa Wingate, Teresa E. Gimeno, Bastien Fréjaville, Steve Wohl, and Jérôme Ogée
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2129–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Plant water sources of a beech riparian forest were monitored using stable isotopes. Isotopic fractionation during root water uptake is usually neglected but may be more common than previously accepted. Xylem water was always more depleted in δ2H than all sources considered, suggesting isotopic discrimination during water uptake or within plant tissues. Thus, the identification and quantification of tree water sources was affected. Still, oxygen isotopes were a good tracer of plant source water.
William Quinton, Aaron Berg, Michael Braverman, Olivia Carpino, Laura Chasmer, Ryan Connon, James Craig, Élise Devoie, Masaki Hayashi, Kristine Haynes, David Olefeldt, Alain Pietroniro, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, Robert Schincariol, and Oliver Sonnentag
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2015–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper synthesizes nearly three decades of eco-hydrological field and modelling studies at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada, highlighting the key insights into the major water flux and storage processes operating within and between the major land cover types of this wetland-dominated region of discontinuous permafrost. It also examines the rate and pattern of permafrost-thaw-induced land cover change and how such changes will affect the hydrology and water resources of the region.
Wouter H. Maes, Pierre Gentine, Niko E. C. Verhoest, and Diego G. Miralles
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 925–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-925-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-925-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Potential evaporation (Ep) is the amount of water an ecosystem would consume if it were not limited by water availability or other stress factors. In this study, we compared several methods to estimate Ep using a global dataset of 107 FLUXNET sites. A simple radiation-driven method calibrated per biome consistently outperformed more complex approaches and makes a suitable tool to investigate the impact of water use and demand, drought severity and biome productivity.
Juan Fernando Salazar, Juan Camilo Villegas, Angela María Rendón, Estiven Rodríguez, Isabel Hoyos, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, and Germán Poveda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1735–1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1735-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
River flow regimes are being altered by global change. Understanding the mechanisms behind such alterations is crucial for hydrological prediction. We introduce a novel interpretation of river flow metrics (scaling) that allows any river basin to be classified as regulated or unregulated, and to identify transitions between these states. We propose the
forest reservoirhypothesis to explain how forest loss can force the Amazonian river basins from regulated to unregulated states.
Félicien Meunier, Valentin Couvreur, Xavier Draye, Mohsen Zarebanadkouki, Jan Vanderborght, and Mathieu Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6519–6540, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6519-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6519-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To maintain its yield, a plant needs to transpire water that it acquires from the soil. A deep understanding of the mechanisms that lead to water uptake location and intensity is required to correctly simulate the water transfer in the soil to the atmosphere. This work presents novel and general solutions of the water flow equation in roots with varying hydraulic properties that deeply affect the uptake pattern and the transpiration rate and can be used in ecohydrological models.
Robert L. Andrew, Huade Guan, and Okke Batelaan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4469–4478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4469-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4469-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we statistically analyse the relationship between vegetation cover and components of total water storage. Splitting water storage into different components allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal response of vegetation to changes in water storage. Generally, vegetation appears to be more sensitive to interannual changes in water storage than to shorter changes, though this varies in different land use types.
Tingting Ning, Zhi Li, and Wenzhao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1515–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1515-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1515-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The relationship between controlling parameters of annual catchment water balance and climate seasonality (S) and vegetation coverage (M) was discussed under the Budyko framework and an empirical equation was further developed so that the contributions from M to actual evapotranspiration (ET) could be determined more accurately. The results showed that the effects of landscape condition changes to ET variation will be estimated with a large error if the impacts of S are ignored.
Stanislaus J. Schymanski and Dani Or
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 685–706, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-685-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-685-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Most of the rain falling on land is returned to the atmosphere by plant leaves, which release water vapour (transpire) through tiny pores. To better understand this process, we used artificial leaves in a special wind tunnel and discovered major problems with an established approach (PM equation) widely used to quantify transpiration and its sensitivity to climate change. We present an improved set of equations, consistent with experiments and displaying more realistic climate sensitivity.
Roger Moussa and Jean-Paul Lhomme
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4867–4879, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4867-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4867-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A new physically based formulation is proposed to extend the Budyko framework under non-steady-state conditions, taking into account the change in water storage. The new formulation, which introduces an additional parameter, represents a generic framework applicable to any Budyko function at various time steps. It is compared to other formulations from the literature and the analytical solution of Greve et al. (2016) appears to be a particular case.
Jean-Paul Lhomme and Roger Moussa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4857–4865, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4857-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4857-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Budyko functions are matched with the complementary evaporation relationship. We show that there is a functional dependence between the Budyko functions and the drying power of the air. Examining the case where potential evaporation is calculated by means of a Priestley–Taylor type equation with a varying coefficient, we show that this coefficient should have a specified value as a function of the Budyko shape parameter and the aridity index.
Wenfei Liu, Xiaohua Wei, Qiang Li, Houbao Fan, Honglang Duan, Jianping Wu, Krysta Giles-Hansen, and Hao Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4747–4756, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4747-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4747-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In recent decades, limited research has been conducted to examine the role of watershed properties in hydrological responses in large watersheds. Based on pair-wise comparisons, we conclude that reforestation decreased high flows but increased low flows in the watersheds studied. Hydrological recovery through reforestation is largely dependent on watershed properties when forest change and climate are similar and comparable. This finding has important implications for designing reforestation.
Kimberly J. Van Meter, Michael Steiff, Daniel L. McLaughlin, and Nandita B. Basu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2629–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2629-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2629-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Although village-scale rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures have been used for millennia in India, many of these structures have fallen into disrepair due to increased dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to declines in groundwater resources, and in turn to efforts to revive older RWH systems. In the present study, we use field data to quantify water fluxes in a cascade of irrigation tanks to better our understanding of the impact of RWH systems on the water balance in con
Tobias Schuetz, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Patrick Durand, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 843–857, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-843-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-843-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the spatio-temporal impact of distinct nitrate sinks and sources on stream network nitrate dynamics in an agricultural headwater. By applying a data-driven modelling approach, we are able to fully distinguish between mixing and dilution processes, and biogeochemical in-stream removal processes along the stream network. In-stream nitrate removal is estimated by applying a novel transfer coefficient based on energy availability.
M. Majerova, B. T. Neilson, N. M. Schmadel, J. M. Wheaton, and C. J. Snow
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3541–3556, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3541-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3541-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the impacts of beaver on hydrologic and temperature regimes, as well as highlights the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal scales of those impacts.
Reach-scale discharge showed shift from losing to gaining. Temperature increased by 0.38°C (3.8%) and mean residence time by 230%. At the sub-reach scale, discharge gains and losses increased in variability. At the beaver dam scale, we observed increase in thermal heterogeneity with warmer and cooler niches.
J. P. Lhomme, N. Boudhina, M. M. Masmoudi, and A. Chehbouni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3287–3299, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3287-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3287-2015, 2015
J. P. Lhomme, N. Boudhina, and M. M. Masmoudi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4341–4348, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4341-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4341-2014, 2014
V. Couvreur, J. Vanderborght, L. Beff, and M. Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1723–1743, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1723-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1723-2014, 2014
A. D. Jayakaran, T. M. Williams, H. Ssegane, D. M. Amatya, B. Song, and C. C. Trettin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1151–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1151-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1151-2014, 2014
S. A. Howie and H. J. van Meerveld
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3421–3435, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3421-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3421-2013, 2013
X. Cui, S. Liu, and X. Wei
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4279–4290, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4279-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4279-2012, 2012
V. Couvreur, J. Vanderborght, and M. Javaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2957–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2957-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2957-2012, 2012
M. E. McClain, L. Chícharo, N. Fohrer, M. Gaviño Novillo, W. Windhorst, and M. Zalewski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1685–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1685-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1685-2012, 2012
C. Rasmussen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 725–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-725-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-725-2012, 2012
A. P. O'Grady, J. L. Carter, and J. Bruce
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3731–3739, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3731-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3731-2011, 2011
J. D. Muehlbauer, M. W. Doyle, and E. S. Bernhardt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1771–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1771-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1771-2011, 2011
K. Edmaier, P. Burlando, and P. Perona
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1615–1627, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1615-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1615-2011, 2011
H. Iwasaki, H. Saito, K. Kuwao, T. C. Maximov, and S. Hasegawa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 301–307, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-301-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-301-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Aber, J., Mcdowell, W., Nadelhoffer, K., Magill, A., Berntson, G., Mcnulty,
S., Currie, W., Rustad, L., and Fernandez, I.: Nitrogen saturation in
temperate forest ecosystems – Hypotheses revisited, Bioscience, 48,
921–934, 1998.
Amt für Stadtentwicklung – Statistikstelle: Statistic Atlas Karlsruhe,
available at:
https://web3.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/statistik/atlas/?select=005
(last access: 27 February 2019), 2018.
Batzer, D. and Boix, D.: Invertebrates in Freswater Wetlands: An
International Perspective on their Ecology, Springer International
Publishing, Heidelberg, 2016.
Benz, S., Bayer, P., Menberg, K., and Blum, P.: Comparison of local and
regional heat transport processes into the subsurface urban heat island of
Karlsruhe, Germany, Geophys. Res. Abstr. EGU Gen. Assem., 16, 11252, 2014.
Benz, S., Bayer, S., and Blum, P.: Identifying anthropogenic anomalies in
air, surface and groundwater temperatures in Germany, Sci. Total Environ.,
584–584, 145–153, 2017.
Benz, S. A., Bayer, P., Goettsche, F. M., Olesen, F. S., and Blum, P.:
Linking Surface Urban Heat Islands with Groundwater Temperatures, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 70–78, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03672, 2016.
Berkhoff, S.: Die Meiofauna des Interstitials und Grundwassers als Indikator
für Oberflächenwasser-Grundwasser-Interaktionen im Bereich einer
Uferfiltrationsanlage, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, available at: https://kola.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2010/docId/388 (last access: 19 May 2021), 2010.
Blum, P., Menberg, K., Koch, F., Benz, S. A., Tissen, C., Hemmerle, H., and
Bayer, P.: Is thermal use of groundwater a pollution?, J. Contam. Hydrol., 239, 103791, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103791, 2021.
Botosaneanu, L.: Stygofauna mundi: a faunistic, distributional, and
ecological synthesis of the world fauna inhabiting subterranean waters
(including the marine interstitial), Leiden, The Netherlands, 1986.
Boulton, A. J., Fenwick, G. D., Hancock, P. J., and Harvey, M. S.:
Biodiversity, functional roles and ecosystem services of groundwater
invertebrates, Invertebr. Syst., 22, 103–116, https://doi.org/10.1071/IS07024, 2008.
Brielmann, H., Griebler, C., Schmidt, S. I., Michel, R., and Lueders, T.:
Effects of thermal energy discharge on shallow groundwater ecosystems, FEMS
Microbiol. Ecol., 68, 273–286, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00674.x,
2009.
Brielmann, H., Lueders, T., Schreglmann, K., Ferraro, F., Avramov, M.,
Hammerl, V., Blum, P., Bayer, P., and Griebler, C.: Oberflächennahe
Geothermie und ihre potenziellen Auswirkungen auf Grundwasserökosysteme,
Grundwasser, 16, 77–91, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-011-0166-9, 2011.
Camacho, A. I.: An annotated checklist of the Syncarida (Crustacea,
Malacostraca) of the world, Zootaxa, 1374, 1–54, 2006.
Castaño-Sánchez, A., Hose, G. C., and Reboleira, A. S. P. S.:
Salinity and temperature increase impact groundwater crustaceans, Sci. Rep.,
10, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69050-7, 2020.
Datry, T., Malard, F., and Gibert, J.: Response of invertebrate assemblages
to increased groundwater recharge rates in a phreatic aquifer, J. North Am.
Benthol. Soc., 24, 461–477, https://doi.org/10.1899/04-140.1, 2005.
Deharveng, L., Stoch, F., Gibert, J., Bedos, A., Galassi, D. M. P.,
Zagmajster, M., Brancelj, A., Camacho, A. I., Fiers, F., Martin, P., Giani,
N., Magniez, G., and Marmonier, P.: Groundwater biodiversity in Europe,
Freshw. Biol., 54, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01972.x, 2009.
Di Lorenzo, T. and Galassi, D. M. P.: Agricultural impact on Mediterranean
alluvial aquifers: Do groundwater communities respond?, Fundam. Appl.
Limnol., 182, 271–282, https://doi.org/10.1127/1863-9135/2013/0398, 2013.
Di Lorenzo, T., Fiasca, B., Di Cicco, M., and Galassi, D. M. P.: The impact
of nitrate on the groundwater assemblages of European unconsolidated
aquifers is likely less severe than expected, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.,
28, 11518–11527, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11408-5, 2020a.
Di Lorenzo, T., Fiasca, B., di Camillo Tabilio, A., Murolo, A., Di Cicco, M., and Galassi, D. M. P.: The weighted Groundwater Health Index (wGHI) by
Korbel and Hose (2017) in European groundwater bodies in nitrate vulnerable
zones, Ecol. Indic., 116, 11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106525, 2020b.
Dole-Olivier, M. J., Malard, F., Martin, D., Lefébure, T., and Gibert,
J.: Relationships between environmental variables and groundwater
biodiversity at the regional scale, Freshw. Biol., 54, 797–813,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02184.x, 2009a.
Dole-Olivier, M. J., Castellarini, F., Coineau, N., Galassi, D. M. P.,
Martin, P., Mori, N., Valdecasas, A., and Gibert, J.: Towards an optimal
sampling strategy to assess groundwater biodiversity: Comparison across six
European regions, Freshw. Biol., 54, 777–796,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02133.x, 2009b.
Eckert, J., Friedhoff, K. T., Zahner, H., and Deplazes, P.: Lehrbuch der
Parasitologie für die Tiermedizin Teil II Parasiten und Parasitosen: 3
Metazoa, 2nd ed., Thieme Verlagsgruppe Stuttgart/Enke Verlag, Stuttgart,
2008.
Einsle, U.: Crustacea: Copepoda, Calanoida and Cyclopoida –
Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 8/4–1, Gustav Fischer Verlag
Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 1993.
Fakher el Abiari, A., Oulbaz, Z., Yacoubi-Khebiza, M., Coineau, N., and
Boutin, C.: Etude expérimentale de la sensibilité comparée de
trois crustacés stygobies vis-à-vis de diverses substances toxiques
pouvant se rencontrer dans les eaux souterraines, in: Mémoires de
Biospéologie, volume 25, 167–181, 1998.
Fillinger, L., Hug, K., Trimbach, A. M., Wang, H., Kellermann, C., Meyer,
A., Bendinger, B., and Griebler, C.: The D-A-(C) index: A practical approach
towards the microbiological-ecological monitoring of groundwater ecosystems,
Water Res., 163, 114902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114902, 2019.
Foulquier, A., Malard, F., Mermillod-Blondin, F., Montuelle, B.,
Dolédec, S., Volat, B., and Gibert, J.: Surface Water Linkages Regulate
Trophic Interactions in a Groundwater Food Web, Ecosystems, 14,
1339–1353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9484-0, 2011.
Fuchs, A.: Erhebung und Beschreibung der Grundwasserfauna in
Baden-Württemberg, 1–109, available at:
https://kola.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/175 (last access: 15 April 2021), 2007.
Fuchs, A., Hahn, H. J., and Barufke, K. P.:
Grundwasser-Überwachungsprogramm – Erhebung und Beschreibung der
Grundwasserfauna in Baden-Württemberg, LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg' in Karlsruhe, available at: https://pudi.lubw.de/detailseite/-/publication/77258 (12 May 2021), 2006.
Galassi, D. M. P.: Groundwater copepods: Diversity patterns over ecological
and evolutionary scales, Hydrobiologia, 453–454, 227–253,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013100924948, 2001.
Galassi, D. M. P., Huys, R., and Reid, J. W.: Diversity, ecology and
evolution of groundwater copepods, Freshw. Biol., 54, 691–708,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02185.x, 2009.
German Environment Agency: Bericht des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit
und des Umweltbundesamtes an die Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher über
die Qualität von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch (Trinkwasser)
in Deutschland 2014–2016, German Federal Ministry of Health, German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, available at: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/bericht-des-bundesministeriums-fuer-gesundheit-des-3 (last access: 12 May 2021), 2018.
Geyer, O. F., Gwinner, M. P., Nitsch, E., and Simon, T.: Geologie von
Baden-Württemberg, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 2011.
Gibert, J. and Deharveng, L.: Subterranean Ecosystems: A Truncated
Functional Biodiversity, Bioscience, 52, 473,
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0473:seatfb]2.0.co;2, 2002.
Gibert, J., Culver, D. C., Dole-Olivier, M.-J., Malard, F., Christman, M. C., and Deharveng, L.: Assessing and conserving groundwater biodiversity:
Synthesis and perspectives, Freshw. Biol., 54, 930–941,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02201.x, 2009.
European Environment Agency: Corine Land Cover (CLC) European seamless vector database, EEA/Copernicus, Kopenhagen, available at: https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018?tab=download (last access: 19 May 2021), 2016.
Glatzel, T.: On the biology of Parastenocaris phyllura Kiefer 1938 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida), Stygologia, 5, 131–136, 1990.
Griebler, C. and Avramov, M.: Groundwater ecosystem services: A review,
Freshw. Sci., 34, 355–367, https://doi.org/10.1086/679903, 2015.
Griebler, C., Stein, H., Hahn, H. J., Steube, C., Kellemrann, C., Fuchs, A.,
Berkhoff, S., and Brielmann, H.: Entwicklung biologischer Bewertungsmethoden
und -kriterien für Grundwasserökosysteme, Umweltbundesamt, Dessau, 2014.
Griebler, C., Brielmann, H., Haberer, C. M., Kaschuba, S., Kellermann, C.,
Stumpp, C., Hegler, F., Kuntz, D., Walker-Hertkorn, S., and Lueders, T.:
Potential impacts of geothermal energy use and storage of heat on
groundwater quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes, Environ. Earth
Sci., 75, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6207-z, 2016.
Gutjahr, S.: Grundwasserlebensräume in der Landschaft – Untersuchungen
zur Bedeutung von Hydrologie und Hydrogeologie für
Grundwasserlebensgemeinschaften, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Landau, 2013.
Gutjahr, S., Schmidt, S. I., and Hahn, H. J.: A proposal for a groundwater
habitat classification at local scale, Subterr. Biol., 14, 25–49,
https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.14.5429, 2014.
Hahn, H. J.: Die Ökologie der Sedimente eines Buntsandsteinbaches im
Pfälzerwald unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ostracoden und
Harpacticoiden (Crustacea), 62nd ed., Tectum-Verlag, Marburg, 1996.
Hahn, H. J.: Unbaited phreatic traps: A new method of sampling stygofauna,
Limnologica, 35, 248–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2005.04.004, 2005.
Hahn, H. J.: A first approach to a quantitative ecological assessment of
groundwater habitats: The GW-Fauna-Index, Limnologica, 36, 119–137,
2006.
Hahn, H. J. and Fuchs, A.: Distribution patterns of groundwater communities
across aquifer types in south-western Germany, Freshw. Biol., 54,
848–860, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02132.x, 2009.
Hahn, H. J. and Gutjahr, S.: Bioindikation im Grundwasser funktioniert –
Erwiderung zum Kommentar von T. Scheytt zum Beitrag „Grundwasserfauna als Indikator für komplexe hydrogeologische
Verhältnisse am westlichen Kaiserstuhl“ von Gutjahr, S., Bork, J., and
Hahn, H. J. in Grundwasser 18, Grundwasser, 19, 215–218,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-014-0266-4, 2014.
Hahn, H. J. and Matzke, D.: A comparison of stygofauna communities inside
and outside groundwater bores, Limologica, 35, 31–44, 2005.
Hahn, H. J., Matzke, D., Kolberg, A., and Limberg, A.: Untersuchung zur Fauna
des Berliner Grundwassers – erste Ergebnisse, Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge by the LBGR (Landesamt für Bergbau, Geologie und Rohstoffe Brandenburg), Cottbus, 20, 85–92, 2013.
Hahn, H. J., Schweer, C., and Griebler, C.: Are groundwater ecosystem rights
being preserved?: A critical evaluation of the legal background of
groundwater ecosystems, Grundwasser, 23, 209–218,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-018-0394-3, 2018.
Hähnlein, S., Bayer, P., and Blum, P.: International legal status of the
use of shallow geothermal energy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14,
2611–2625, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.069, 2010.
Hähnlein, S., Bayer, P., Ferguson, G., and Blum, P.: Sustainability and
policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy, Energy Policy, 59,
914–925, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.040, 2013.
Hancock, P. J., Boulton, A. J., and Humphreys, W. F.: Aquifers and hyporheic
zones: Towards an ecological understanding of groundwater, Hydrogeol. J.,
13, 98–111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0421-6, 2005.
Herrmann, J.: Dependence of Reproduction in Dendrocoelum lacteum (Turbellaria): An Experimental Approach, Oikos, 44, 268–272, 1985.
Hunkeler, D., Goldscheider, N., Rossi, P., and Burn, C.: Biozönosen im Grundwasser – Grundlagen und Methoden der Charakterisierung von mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften, Umwelt-Wissen No. 0603, Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), Bern, 2006.
Issartel, J., Hervant, F., Voituron, Y., Renault, D., and Vernon, P.: Behavioural, ventilatory and respiratory responses of epigean and hypogean crustaceans to different temperatures, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A, 141, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.02.013, 2005.
Janetzka, W., Enderle, R., and Noodt, W.: Crustacea: Copepoda: Gelyelloida
and Harpacticoida – Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 8/4–2,
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 1996.
KIT-IngGeo, KIT-IngGeo/Groundwater_Ecology: first release (Version v1.0.0), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4881204, last access: 31 May 2021.
Korbel, K., Chariton, A., Stephenson, S., Greenfield, P., and Hose, G. C.:
Wells provide a distorted view of life in the aquifer: Implications for
sampling, monitoring and assessment of groundwater ecosystems, Sci. Rep.,
7, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40702, 2017.
Korbel, K. L. and Hose, G. C.: A tiered framework for assessing groundwater
ecosystem health, Hydrobiologia, 661, 329–349,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0541-z, 2011.
Korbel, K. L. and Hose, G. C.: Habitat, water quality, seasonality, or site?
Identifying environmental correlates of the distribution of groundwater
biota, Freshw. Sci., 34, 329–342, https://doi.org/10.1086/680038, 2015.
Korbel, K. L. and Hose, G. C.: The weighted groundwater health index:
Improving the monitoring and management of groundwater resources, Ecol.
Indic., 75, 164–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.11.039, 2017.
Kühlers, D., Maier, M., and Roth, K.: Sanierung im Verborgenen, TerraTech
Sanierungspraxis, 3, 14–16, 2012.
Kunkel, R., Wendland, F., and Hannappel, S.: Die natürliche,
ubiquitär überprägte Grundwasserbeschaffenheit in Deutschland,
47th ed., Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 2004.
Malard, F., Dole-Olivier, M.-J., Mathieu, J., Stoch, F., Boutin, C., Brancelj, A., Camacho, A. I., Fiers, F., Galassi, D., Gibert, J., Lefebure, T., Martin, P., Sket, B., and Valdecasas, A. G.: Sampling Manual for the Assessment of Regional Groundwater Biodiversity, available at: http://www.eugris.info/displayresource.aspx?r=5247 (last access: 12 May 2021), 2002.
Matzke, D.: Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Grundwasserfauna in
Altlastflächen mit vorangegangenem Vergleich unterschiedlicher
Sammeltechniken, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, available at: https://kola.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2006/docId/12 (last access: 12 May 2021), 2006.
Meisch, C.: Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe -
Süßwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, 8/3, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag,
Heidelberg, 2000.
Menberg, K., Blum, P., Schaffitel, A., and Bayer, P.: Long-term evolution of
anthropogenic heat fluxes into a subsurface urban heat island, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 47, 9747–9755, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401546u, 2013a.
Menberg, K., Bayer, P., Zosseder, K., Rumohr, S., and Blum, P.: Subsurface
urban heat islands in German cities, Sci. Total Environ., 442, 123–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.043, 2013b.
Moon, K. R., van Dijk, D., Wang, Z., Gigante, S., Burkhardt, D. B., Chen, W.
S., Yim, K., Elzen, A. van den, Hirn, M. J., Coifman, R. R., Ivanova, N. B.,
Wolf, G., and Krishnaswamy, S.: Visualizing structure and transitions in
high-dimensional biological data, Nat. Biotechnol., 37, 1482–1492,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0336-3, 2019.
Mösslacher, F. and Notenboom, J.: Groundwater biomonitoring, in
Biomonitoring of polluted water, edited by: Gerhardt, A., 119–139, Trans
Tech Publications Ltd, Uetikon, Zurich, 2000.
Preuß, G. and Schminke, H. K.: Ein globales ökosystem: Grundwasser
lebt!, Chemie Unserer Zeit, 38, 340–347, https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.200400307,
2004.
Regierungspräsidium Freiburg: LGRB-Kartenviewer – Layer GK50:
Geologische Einheiten (Flächen), available at:
https://maps.lgrb-bw.de/ (last access: 6 July 2020), 2019.
Di Sabatino, A., Gerecke, R., and Martin, P.: The biology and ecology of
lotic water mites (Hydrachnidia), Freshw. Biol., 44, 47–62, 2000.
Sauermost, R. and Freudig, D.: Bathynellacea, Spektrum Akad. Verlag,
Heidelberg, available at: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/bathynellacea/7445 (last access: 27 February 2019), 1999.
Sauermost, R. and Freudig, D.: Oligochaeta, Spektrum Akad. Verlag, Heidelberg,
available at:
https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/oligochaeta/47593 (last access: 27
February 2019), 1999.
Sauermost, R. and Freudig, D.: Strudelwürmer, Spektrum Akad. Verlag, Heidelberg, available at: https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/strudelwuermer/64369 (last access: 27
February 2019), 1999.
Schellenberg, A.: Krebstiere oder Crustace, IV: Flohkebs oder Amphipoda, in:
Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren
Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise, p. 252, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena,
1942.
Scheytt, T.: Kommentar zur Veröffentlichung von Gutjahr, S., Bork, J.
und Hahn, H. J.: Grundwasserfauna als Indikator für komplexe
hydrogeologische Verhältnisse am westlichen Kaiserstuhl in Grundwasser
18, 173–184 (2013), Grundwasser, 19, 211–213,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-014-0267-3, 2014.
Schmidt, S. I., Hahn, H. J., Hatton, T. J., and Humphreys, W. F.: Do faunal
assemblages reflect the exchange intensity in groundwater zones?,
Hydrobiologia, 583, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0405-8, 2007.
Schminke, H. K., Grad, G., Ahlrichs, W., Bartsch, I., Christl, H., Gerecke,
R., Martin, P., Rumm, P., and Wägele, J. W.: Grundwasserfauna
Deutschlands – Ein Bestimmungswerk: DWA-Themen, 1st ed., Deutsche
Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall, Hennef, 2007.
Schönthaler, K. and von Adrian-Werburg, S.: Erster integrierter
Umweltbericht für das länderübergreifende
UNESCO-Biosphärenreservat Rhön, Bayerisches Staatsministerium
für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (BayStMUGV) Hessisches
Ministerium für Umwelt, ländlichen Raum und Verbraucherschutz
(HMULV) Thüringer Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Naturschutz und
Umwelt (TMLNU), 2008.
Smith, R. J., Paterson, J. S., Launer, E., Tobe, S. S., Morello, E., Leijs,
R., Marri, S., and Mitchell, J. G.: Stygofauna enhance prokaryotic transport
in groundwater ecosystems, Sci. Rep., 6, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32738,
2016.
Spengler, C.: Die Auswirkungen von anthropogenen Temperaturerhöhungen
auf die Crustaceagemeinschaften im Grundwasser, Universität
Koblenz-Landau, Landau, available at: https://kola.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1554 (last access: 19 May 2021), 2017.
Spengler, C. and Hahn, J.: Thermostress: Ökologisch begründete,
thermische Schwellenwerte und Be- wertungsansätze für das
Grundwasser, Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft Fachbeiträge Gewässer
und Böden, 11, 521–525, https://doi.org/10.3243/kwe2018.09.001, 2018.
Stadt Karlsruhe: Bodenschutz- und Altlastenkataster der Stadt Karlsruhe,
available at: https://www.karlsruhe.de/b3/natur_und_umwelt/umweltschutz/altlasten.de (last access: 23 October
2019), 2006.
Stein, H., Kellermann, C., Schmidt, S. I., Brielmann, H., Steube, C.,
Berkhoff, S. E., Fuchs, A., Hahn, H. J., Thulin, B., and Griebler, C.: The
potential use of fauna and bacteria as ecological indicators for the
assessment of groundwater quality, J. Environ. Monit., 12, 242–254,
https://doi.org/10.1039/b913484k, 2010.
Stein, H., Griebler, C., Berkhoff, S., Matzke, D., Fuchs, A., and Hahn, H.
J.: Stygoregions-a promising approach to a bioregional classification of
groundwater systems, Sci. Rep., 2, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00673, 2012.
Stoch, F., Artheau, M., Brancelj, A., Galassi, D. M. P., and Malard, F.:
Biodiversity indicators in European ground waters: Towards a predictive
model of stygobiotic species richness, Freshw. Biol., 54, 745–755,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02143.x, 2009.
Taylor, C. A. and Stefan, H. G.: Shallow groundwater temperature response to
climate change and urbanization, J. Hydrol., 375, 601–612,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.009, 2009.
Technologiezentrum Wasser: Grundwasserdatenbank Wasserversorgung: Regionale
Auswertung – Region Mittlerer Oberrhein, available at: http://www.grundwasserdatenbank.de/regionmo.htm (last access: 27 February 2019),
2018.
Tissen, C., Menberg, K., Bayer, P., and Blum, P.: Heat supply by shallow
geothermal energy in Karlsruhe, in Groundwater in the surrounding of mining,
energy and urban space, Conference of the professional division Hydrogeology
in the DGGV, Bochum, 21–24 March 2018, 2018.
Tissen, C., Benz, S. A., Menberg, K., Bayer, P., and Blum, P.: Groundwater
temperature anomalies in central Europe, Environ. Res. Lett., 14,
104012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4240, 2019.
Ward, J. V. and Tockner, K.: Biodiversity: Towards a unifying theme for
river ecology, Freshw. Biol., 46, 807–819,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00713.x, 2001.
Wickert, F., Müller, A., Schäfer, W., and Tiehm, A.: Vergleich
hochauflösender Grundwasserprobennahmeverfahren zur Charakterisierung
der vertikalen LCKW-Verteilung im Grundwasserleiter, Altlastenspektrum, 01,
29–35, 2006.
Więcek, M., Martin, P., and Gąbka, M.: Distribution patterns and
environmental correlates of water mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) in peatland
microhabitats, Exp. Appl. Acarol., 61, 147–160,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9692-8, 2013.
Wirsing, G. and Luz, A.: Hydrogeologischer Bau und Aquifereigenschaften der
Lockergesteine im Oberrheingraben (Baden Württemberg),
LGRB-Informationen, 19, 130, Regierungspräsidium Freiburg, Freiburg, 2007.
Zenker, S., Bogon, K., and Weigand, A.: Die Höhlentiere Deutschlands,
Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim, 2020.
Zhu, K., Blum, P., Ferguson, G., Balke, K. D., and Bayer, P.: The geothermal
potential of urban heat Islands, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/019501, 2010.
Zuurbier, K. G., Hartog, N., Valstar, J., Post, V. E. A., and Van Breukelen,
B. M.: The impact of low-temperature seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage
(SATES) systems on chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater: Modeling of
spreading and degradation, J. Contam. Hydrol., 147, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.01.002, 2013.
Short summary
In this study, we address the question of whether groundwater fauna in an urban area is natural or affected in comparison to forested land. We find noticeable differences in the spatial distribution of groundwater species and abiotic parameters. An ecological assessment reveals that conditions in the urban area are mainly not good. Yet, there is no clear spatial pattern in terms of land use and anthropogenic impacts. These are significant findings for conservation and usage of urban groundwater.
In this study, we address the question of whether groundwater fauna in an urban area is natural...