Articles | Volume 24, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5453-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5453-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 20 Nov 2020
| 20 Nov 2020
Predicting probabilities of streamflow intermittency across a temperate mesoscale catchment
Nils Hinrich Kaplan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
Theresa Blume
Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for
Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Markus Weiler
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
Related authors
Nils Hinrich Kaplan, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2671–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is analyses how characteristics of precipitation events and soil moisture and temperature dynamics during these events can be used to model the associated streamflow responses in intermittent streams. The models are used to identify differences between the dominant controls of streamflow intermittency in three distinct geologies of the Attert catchment, Luxembourg. Overall, soil moisture was found to be the most important control of intermittent streamflow in all geologies.
Lea Dedden and Markus Weiler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4285, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4285, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Throughfall in forests varies in space and time creating distinct patterns. We developed a novel throughfall monitoring approach for continuous, automated measurement that features 60 self-built and cost effective throughfall samplers. Collected data show the potential of the approach to capture throughfall variability at small distances, among and within rainfall events and between different trees species.
Jonas Pyschik and Markus Weiler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2411, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2411, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a new method of detecting how water moves quickly through certain paths in soil, bypassing the usual, slower flow. By analysing natural water markers in soil samples taken at different depths, we identified unusual flow patterns. Our method is simple and non-invasive, and can be used to cover large areas. This helps us to better understand how water travels through the ground, which is important for managing water resources and protecting the environment.
Heinke Paulsen and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2309–2319, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2309-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2309-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This technical note describes the development of a weighing forest floor grid lysimeter. The device is needed to investigate the dynamics of the water balance components of the organic layer in forests, quantifying precipitation, drainage, evaporation, and storage. We designed a setup that can be easily rebuilt and that is cost-effective, which allows for customized applications. Performance metrics from laboratory results and initial field data are presented.
Markus Weiler, Julia Krumm, Ingo Haag, Hannes Leistert, Max Schmit, Andreas Steinbrich, and Andreas Hänsler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1519, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1519, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Pluvial (flash) floods, caused by intense local rainfall, result in surface runoff and overland flow, making them different from fluvial floods. A new Pluvial Flood Index (PFI) combines precipitation, hydrological, and hydrodynamic processes to assess surface flooding hazards. The PFI, based on flood hazard areas, helps forecast flash floods and supports real-time warning systems, aiding municipal decision-making, preparedness, and planning.
Jonas Pyschik, Stefan Seeger, Barbara Herbstritt, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 525–534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-525-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-525-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a device (named VapAuSa) that automates stable water isotope analysis. Stable water isotopes are a natural tracer that many researchers use to investigate water (re-)distribution processes in environmental systems. VapAuSa helps to analyse such environmental samples by automating a formerly tedious manual process, allowing for higher sample throughput. This enables larger sampling campaigns, as more samples can be processed before reaching their limited storage time.
Daniel Rasche, Theresa Blume, and Andreas Güntner
SOIL, 10, 655–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture measurements at the field scale are highly beneficial for numerous (soil) hydrological applications. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the non-invasive monitoring of field-scale soil moisture across several hectares but only for the first few tens of centimetres of the soil. In this study, we modify and test a simple modeling approach to extrapolate CRNS-derived surface soil moisture information down to 450 cm depth and compare calibrated and uncalibrated model results.
Robin Schwemmle, Hannes Leistert, Andreas Steinbrich, and Markus Weiler
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5249–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new process-based hydrological toolbox model, RoGeR (https://roger.readthedocs.io/), can be used to estimate the components of the hydrological cycle and the related travel times of pollutants through parts of the hydrological cycle. These estimations may contribute to effective water resources management. This paper presents the toolbox concept and provides a simple example of providing estimations to water resources management.
Barbara Herbstritt, Benjamin Gralher, Stefan Seeger, Michael Rinderer, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3701–3718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3701-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3701-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to collect water vapor samples into bags in the field without an in-field analyser, followed by isotope analysis in the lab. This new method resolves even fine-scaled natural isotope variations. It combines low-cost and lightweight components for maximum spatial and temporal flexibility regarding environmental setups. Hence, it allows for sampling even in terrains that are rather difficult to access, enabling future extended isotope datasets in soil sciences and ecohydrology.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3393–3404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a low-budget method to quantify the radial distribution of water transport velocities within trees at a high spatial resolution. We observed a wide spread of water transport velocities within a tree stem section, which were on average 3 times faster than the flux velocity. The distribution of transport velocities has implications for studies that use water isotopic signatures to study root water uptake and usually assume uniform or even implicitly infinite velocities.
Daniel Rasche, Jannis Weimar, Martin Schrön, Markus Köhli, Markus Morgner, Andreas Güntner, and Theresa Blume
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3059–3082, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce passive downhole cosmic-ray neutron sensing (d-CRNS) as an approach for the non-invasive estimation of soil moisture in deeper layers of the unsaturated zone which exceed the observational window of above-ground CRNS applications. Neutron transport simulations are used to derive mathematical descriptions and transfer functions, while experimental measurements in an existing groundwater observation well illustrate the feasibility and applicability of the approach.
Andreas Hänsler and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5069–5084, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5069-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5069-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spatially explicit quantification of design storms is essential for flood risk assessment and planning. However, available datasets are mainly based on spatially interpolated station-based design storms. Since the spatial interpolation of the data inherits a large potential for uncertainty, we develop an approach to be able to derive spatially explicit design storms on the basis of weather radar data. We find that our approach leads to an improved spatial representation of design storms.
Anne Hartmann, Markus Weiler, Konrad Greinwald, and Theresa Blume
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4953–4974, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing the impact of soil age and rainfall intensity on vertical subsurface flow paths in calcareous soils, with a special focus on preferential flow occurrence, shows how water flow paths are linked to the organization of evolving landscapes. The observed increase in preferential flow occurrence with increasing moraine age provides important but rare data for a proper representation of hydrological processes within the feedback cycle of the hydro-pedo-geomorphological system.
Achim Brauer, Ingo Heinrich, Markus J. Schwab, Birgit Plessen, Brian Brademann, Matthias Köppl, Sylvia Pinkerneil, Daniel Balanzategui, Gerhard Helle, and Theresa Blume
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 41–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-41-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-41-2022, 2022
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Erwin Rottler, Theresa Blume, Johannes Schöber, and Axel Bronstert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 653–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change fundamentally alters glaciated high-alpine areas, but it is unclear how this affects riverine sediment transport. As a first step, we aimed to identify the most important processes and source areas in three nested catchments in the Ötztal, Austria, in the past 15 years. We found that areas above 2500 m were crucial and that summer rainstorms were less influential than glacier melt. These findings provide a baseline for studies on future changes in high-alpine sediment dynamics.
Nils Hinrich Kaplan, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2671–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is analyses how characteristics of precipitation events and soil moisture and temperature dynamics during these events can be used to model the associated streamflow responses in intermittent streams. The models are used to identify differences between the dominant controls of streamflow intermittency in three distinct geologies of the Attert catchment, Luxembourg. Overall, soil moisture was found to be the most important control of intermittent streamflow in all geologies.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Daniel Rasche, Markus Köhli, Martin Schrön, Theresa Blume, and Andreas Güntner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6547–6566, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6547-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6547-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmic-ray neutron sensing provides areal average soil moisture measurements. We investigated how distinct differences in spatial soil moisture patterns influence the soil moisture estimates and present two approaches to improve the estimate of soil moisture close to the instrument by reducing the influence of soil moisture further afield. Additionally, we show that the heterogeneity of soil moisture can be assessed based on the relationship of different neutron energies.
Conrad Jackisch, Sibylle K. Hassler, Tobias L. Hohenbrink, Theresa Blume, Hjalmar Laudon, Hilary McMillan, Patricia Saco, and Loes van Schaik
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5277–5285, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5277-2021, 2021
Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5219–5235, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We scrutinized the quickest currently available method for stable isotope analysis of matrix-bound water. Simulating common procedures, we demonstrated the limits of certain materials currently used and identified a reliable and cost-efficient alternative. Further, we calculated the optimum proportions of important protocol aspects critical for precise and accurate analyses. Our unifying protocol suggestions increase data quality and comparability as well as the method's general applicability.
Jan Greiwe, Markus Weiler, and Jens Lange
Biogeosciences, 18, 4705–4715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4705-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4705-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed variability in diel nitrate patterns at three locations in a lowland stream. Comparison of time lags between monitoring sites with water travel time indicated that diel patterns were created by in-stream processes rather than transported downstream from an upstream point of origin. Most of the patterns (70 %) could be explained by assimilatory nitrate uptake. The remaining patterns suggest seasonally varying dominance and synchronicity of different biochemical processes.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4603–4627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a setup for fully automated in situ measurements of stable water isotopes in soil and the stems of fully grown trees. We used this setup in a 12-week field campaign to monitor the propagation of a labelling pulse from the soil up to a stem height of 8 m.
We could observe trees shifting their main water uptake depths multiple times, depending on water availability.
The gained knowledge about the temporal dynamics can help to improve water uptake models and future study designs.
Andreas Hänsler and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-366, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-366, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Spatially explicit quantification on design storms are essential for flood risk assessment. However this information can be only achieved from substantially long records of rainfall measurements, usually only available for a few stations. Hence, design storms estimates from these few stations are then spatially interpolated leading to a major source of uncertainty. Therefore we defined a methodology to extend spatially explicit weather radar data to be used for the estimation of design storms.
Anne Hartmann, Markus Weiler, Konrad Greinwald, and Theresa Blume
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-242, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-242, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Our field observation-based examination of flow path evolution, soil formation and vegetation succession across ten millennia on calcareous parent material shows how water flow paths and subsurface water storage are linked to the organization of evolving landscapes. We provide important but rare data and observations for a proper handling of hydrologic processes and their role within the feedback cycle of the hydro-pedo-geomorphological system.
Axel Schaffitel, Tobias Schuetz, and Markus Weiler
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2127–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents FluSM, an algorithm to derive the water balance from soil moisture and metrological measurements. This data-driven water balance framework uses soil moisture as an input and therefore is applicable for cases with unclear processes and lacking parameters. In a case study, we apply FluSM to derive the water balance of 15 different permeable pavements under field conditions. These findings are of special interest for urban hydrology.
Robin Schwemmle, Dominic Demand, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2187–2198, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A better understanding of the reasons why model performance is unsatisfying represents a crucial part for meaningful model evaluation. We propose the novel diagnostic efficiency (DE) measure and diagnostic polar plots. The proposed evaluation approach provides a diagnostic tool for model developers and model users and facilitates interpretation of model performance.
Michael Rinderer, Jaane Krüger, Friederike Lang, Heike Puhlmann, and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 18, 1009–1027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1009-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1009-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the lateral and vertical subsurface flow (SSF) and P concentrations of three beech forest plots with contrasting soil properties during sprinkling experiments. Vertical SSF was 2 orders of magnitude larger than lateral SSF, and both consisted mainly of pre-event water. P concentrations in SSF were high during the first 1 to 2 h (nutrient flushing) but nearly constant thereafter. This suggests that P in the soil solution was replenished fast by mineral or organic sources.
Merle Koelbing, Tobias Schuetz, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-24, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-24, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a unique and comprehensive data set of urban micro-meteorological variables, which were observed with a mobile climate station, we developed a new method to transfer mesoscale reference potential evapotranspiration to the urban microscale in street canyons. Our findings can be transferred easily to existing urban hydrologic models to improve modelling results with a more precise estimate of potential evapotranspiration on street level.
Anne Hartmann, Markus Weiler, and Theresa Blume
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3189–3204, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3189-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3189-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis of soil physical and hydraulic properties across two soil chronosequences of 10 millennia in the Swiss Alps provides important observation of the evolution of soil hydraulic behavior. A strong co-evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties was revealed by the observed change of fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with a high water-holding capacity in correlation with a distinct change in structural properties and organic matter content.
Daniel Beiter, Markus Weiler, and Theresa Blume
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5713–5744, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5713-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5713-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the interactions between streams and their adjacent hillslopes in terms of water flow. It could be revealed that soil structure has a strong influence on how hillslopes connect to the streams, while the groundwater table tells us a lot about when the two connect. This observation could be used to improve models that try to predict whether or not hillslopes are in a state where a rain event will be likely to produce a flood in the stream.
Maria Staudinger, Stefan Seeger, Barbara Herbstritt, Michael Stoelzle, Jan Seibert, Kerstin Stahl, and Markus Weiler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3057–3066, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The data set CH-IRP provides isotope composition in precipitation and streamflow from 23 Swiss catchments, being unique regarding its long-term multi-catchment coverage along an alpine–pre-alpine gradient. CH-IRP contains fortnightly time series of stable water isotopes from streamflow grab samples complemented by time series in precipitation. Sampling conditions, catchment and climate information, lab standards and errors are provided together with areal precipitation and catchment boundaries.
Conrad Jackisch, Samuel Knoblauch, Theresa Blume, Erwin Zehe, and Sibylle K. Hassler
Biogeosciences, 17, 5787–5808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed software to calculate the root water uptake (RWU) of beech tree roots from soil moisture dynamics. We present our approach and compare RWU to measured sap flow in the tree stem. The study relates to two sites that are similar in topography and weather but with contrasting soils. While sap flow is very similar between the two sites, the RWU is different. This suggests that soil characteristics have substantial influence. Our easy-to-implement RWU estimate may help further studies.
Benjamin Fersch, Till Francke, Maik Heistermann, Martin Schrön, Veronika Döpper, Jannis Jakobi, Gabriele Baroni, Theresa Blume, Heye Bogena, Christian Budach, Tobias Gränzig, Michael Förster, Andreas Güntner, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Mandy Kasner, Markus Köhli, Birgit Kleinschmit, Harald Kunstmann, Amol Patil, Daniel Rasche, Lena Scheiffele, Ulrich Schmidt, Sandra Szulc-Seyfried, Jannis Weimar, Steffen Zacharias, Marek Zreda, Bernd Heber, Ralf Kiese, Vladimir Mares, Hannes Mollenhauer, Ingo Völksch, and Sascha Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2289–2309, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2289-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2289-2020, 2020
Michael Stoelzle, Maria Staudinger, Kerstin Stahl, and Markus Weiler
Proc. IAHS, 383, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-43-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-43-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of recharge and catchment storage is crucial to understand streamflow drought sensitivity. Here we introduce a model experiment with recharge stress tests as complement to climate scenarios to quantify the streamflow drought sensitivities of catchments in Switzerland. We identified a pre-drought period of 12 months as maximum storage-memory for the study catchments. From stress testing, we found up to 200 days longer summer streamflow droughts and minimum flow reductions of 50 %–80 %.
Cited articles
Akbar, S., Kathuria, A., and Maheshwari, B.: Combining imaging techniques with nonparametric modelling to predict seepage hotspots in irrigation channels, Irrig. Sci., 37, 11–23, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0596-6, 2019.
Ali, G. A. and Roy, A. G.: Shopping for hydrologically representatice
connectivity metrics in a humid temperate forested catchment, Water Resour. Res., 46, W12544, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009442, 2010.
Backhaus, K., Erichson, B., Plinke, W., and Weiber, R.: Multivariate
Analysemethoden – Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung, 11th Edn.,
Springer, Heidelberg, 2006.
Beven, K. and Kirkby, M.: A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrolog. Sci. Bull., 24, 43–69,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834, 1979.
Bhamjee, R., Lindsay, J. B., and Cockburn, J.: Monitoring ephemeral headwater
streams: a paired-sensor approach, Hydrol. Process., 30, 888–898, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10677, 2016.
Boulton, A. J., Rolls, R. J., Jaeger, K. L., and Datry, T.: Hydrological
Connectivity in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams, 79–108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803835-2.00004-8, in: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams, edited by: Datry, T., Bonada, N., and Boulton, A., Ecol. Manage., https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803835-2.00004, 2017.
Bracken, L. J., Wainwright, J., Ali, G. A., Tetzlaff, D., Smith, M. W., Reaney, S. M., and Roy, A. G.: Concepts of hydrological connectivity: Research approaches, pathways and future agendas, Earth-Sci. Rev., 119, 17–34, 2013.
Buttle, J. M., Boon, S., Peters, D. L., Spence, C., van Meerveld, H. J., and
Whitfield, P. H.: An Overview of Temporary Stream Hydrology in Canada, Can. Water Resour. J., 37, 279–310, https://doi.org/10.4296/cwrj2011-903, 2012.
Cammeraat, L. H., Sevink, J., Hissler, C., Juilleret, J., Jansen, B., Kooijman, A. M., Pfister, L., and Verstraten, J. M.: Soils of the Luxembourg Lias Cuesta Landscape, in: The Luxembourg Gutland Landscape, edited by: Kooijman, A. M., Seijmonsbergen, A. C., and Cammeraat, L. H., Springer, Cham,, 107–130, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65543-7_6, 2018.
Clausen, B. and Person, C. P.: Regional frequency analysis of annual maximum streamflow drought, J. Hydrol., 173, 111–130, 1995.
Conrad, O., Bechtel, B., Bock, M., Dietrich, H., Fischer, E., Gerlitz, L.,
Wehberg, J., Wichmann, V., and Boehner, J.: System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) v. 2.1.4. Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1991–2007,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1991-2015, 2015.
Costigan, K. H., Jaeger, K. L., Goss, C. W., Fritz, K. M., and Goebel, P. C.:
Understanding controls on flow permanence in intermittent rivers aid ecological research: integrating meteorology geology and land cover, Ecohydrology, 9, 7, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1712, 2016.
Datry, D., Larned, S. T., and Tockner, K.: Intermittent Rivers: A Challenge for Freshwater Ecology, BioScience, 64, 229–235, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit027, 2014.
Datry, T., Bondana, N., and Boulton, A. J.: Chapter 1 – General introduction, in: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams – Ecology and Management, edited by: Datry, T., Bondana, N., and Boulton, A. J., Academic Press, London, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803835-2.00001-2, 2017.
ESRI: Understanding curvature rasters, available at:
https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/imagery/understanding-curvature-rasters/, last access: 16 February 2020.
Famiglietti, J. S., Rudnicki, J. W., and Rodell, M.: Variability in surface
moisture content along a hillslope transect: Rattlesnake Hill, Texas, J. Hydrol., 210, 259–281, 1998.
Friedrich, K.: Digitale Reliefgliederungsverfahren zur Ableitung bodenkundlich relevanter Flaecheneinheiten, Frankfurter Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten D 21, Frankfurt am Main, 1996.
Friedrich, K.: Multivariate distance methods for geomorphographic relief classification, in: Land Inforamtion Systems – Developments for planning the sustainable use of land resources, European Soil Bureau, Research Report 4, EUR 17729 EN, edited by: Heinecke, H., Eckelmann, W., Thomasson, A., Jones, J., Montanarella, L., and Buckley, B., Office for oficial publications of the European Communities, Ispra, 259–266, 1998.
Godsey, S. E. and Kirchner, J. W.: Dynamic, discontinuous stream networks:
hydrologically driven variations in active drainage density, flowing channels and stream order, Hydrol. Process., 28, 5791–5803, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10310, 2014.
Goodrich, D. C., Kepner, W. G., Levick, L. R., and Wigington Jr., P. J.: Southwestern intermittent and ephemeral stream connectivity, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 54, 400–422, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12636, 2018.
Goulsbra, C. S., Lindsay, J. B., and Evans, M. G.: A new approach to the
application of electrical resistance sensors to measuring the onset of
ephemeral streamflow in wetland environments, Water Resour. Res., 45,
W09501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007789, 2009.
Guisan, A., Weiss, S. B., and Weiss, A. D.: GLM versus CCA spatial modelling of plant species distribution, Plant Ecol., 143, 107–122, 1999.
Habtezion, N., Nasab, M. T., and Chu, X.: How does DEM resolution affect
microtopographic characteristics, hydrologic connectivity, and modelling of
hydrologic processes?, Hydrol. Process., 30, 4870–4892, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10967, 2016.
Hallema, D. W., Moussa, R., Sun, G., and McNulty, S.: Surface storm flow
prediction on hillslopes based on topography and hydrologic connectivity,
Ecol. Process., 5, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-016-0057-1, 2016.
Hansen, W. F.: Identifying stream types and management implications, Forest
Ecol. Manage., 143, 39–46, 2001.
Hedman, E. R. and Osterkamp, W. R.: Streamflow Characteristics Related to
Channel Geometry of Streams in Western United States, USGS Water-Supply
Paper 2193, US Geological Survey, Washington, 1982.
Hellebrand, H., van den Bos, R., Hoffmann, L., Juilleret, J., and Pfister, L.: The potential of winter stormflow coefficients for hydrological regionalization purposes in poorly gauged basins of the middle Rhine region, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 53, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.53.4.773, 2008.
Hewlett, J. D.: Principles of Forest Hydrology, University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA, USA, p. 192, ISBN9780820323800, 1982.
Jaeger, K. L. and Olden, J. D.: Electrical Resistance Sensor Arrays as a Means to Quantify Longitudinal Connectivity of Rivers, River Res. Appl., 28, 1843–1852, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1554, 2012.
Jaeger, K. L., Sutfin, N. A., Tooth, S., Mechaelides, K., and Singer, M.: Chapter 2.1 – Geomorphology and Sediment Regimes of Intermittent Rivers and
Ephemeral Streams, in: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams – Ecology and Management, edited by: Datry, T., Bondana, N., and Boulton, A. J., Academic Press, London, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803835-2.00002-4, 2017.
Jaeger, K. L., Sando, R., McShane, R. R., Dunham, J. B., Hockman-Wert, D. P., Kaiser, K. E., Hafen, K., Risley, J. C., and Blasch, K. W.: Probability of Streamflow Permanence Model (PROSPER): A spatially continuous model of annual
streamflow permanence throughout the Pacific Northwest, J. Hydrol., 2, 100005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2018.100005, 2019.
Jencso, K. G. and McGlynn, B. L.: Hierarchical controls on runoff generation:
Topographically driven hydrologic connectivity, geology, and vegetation, Water Resour. Res., 47, W11527, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010666, 2011.
Jencso, K. G., McGlynn, B. L., Gooseff, M. N., Bencala, K. E., and Wondzell, S. M.: Hillslope hydrologic connectivity controls riparian groundwater turnover: Implications of catchment structure for riparian buffering and stream water sources, Water Resour. Res., 46, W10524, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008818, 2010.
Jensen, C. K., McGuire, K. J., and Prince, P. S.: Headwater stream length dynamics across four physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Highlands,
Hydrol. Process., 31, 3350–3363, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11259, 2017.
Jensen, C. K., McGuire, K. J., Shao, Y., and Dolloff, C. A.: Modeling wet headwater stream networks across multiole flow conditions in the Appalachian
Highlands, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 43, 2762–2778, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4431, 2018.
Jensen, C. K., McGuire, K. J., McLaughlin, D. L., and Scott, D. T.: Quantifying spatiotemporal variation in headwater stream length using flow intermittency sensors, Environ. Monit. Assess., 191, 226, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7373-8, 2019.
Kalyanapu, A. J., Burian, S. J., and McPherson, T. N.: Effect of land use-based surface roughness on hydrologic model output, J. Spat. Hydrol., 9, 51–71, 2009.
Kaplan, N. H., Sohrt, E., Blume, T., and Weiler, M.: Monitoring ephemeral,
intermittent and perennial streamflow: a dataset from 182 sites in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1363–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1363-2019, 2019a.
Kaplan, N. H., Sohrt, E., Blume, T., and Weiler, M.: Time series of streamflow occurrence from 182 sites in ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streams in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg, GFZ Data Services, https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2019.010, 2019b.
Keesstra, S., Nunes, J. P., Saco, P., Parsons, T., Poeppl, R., Masselink, R., and Cerdà, A.: The way forward: Can connectivity be useful to design better measuring and modelling schemes for water and sediment dynamics?, Sci. Total Environ., 644, 1557–1572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.342, 2018.
Lane, S. N., Reaney, S. M., and Heathwaite, A. L.: Representation of landscape hydrological connectivity using a topographically driven surface flow index, Water Resour. Res., 45, W08423, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007336, 2009.
Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg – Administration du cadastre et de la topographie: Carte Topographique régionale touristique, R4 Steinfort, Redange, Luxembourg, 2009.
Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg: Layer: Umwelt, Biologie und Geologie; Gewässerschutz; Kläranlagen, available at:
http://map.geoportail.lu, last access: 10 December 2018.
Leigh, C., Boulton, A. J., Courtwright, J. L., Fritz, K., May, C. L., Walker, R. H., and Datry, T.: Ecological research and management of intermittent rivers: an historical review and future directions, Freshwater Biol., 61,
1181–1199, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12646, 2015.
Lexartza-Artza, I. and Wainwright, J.: Hydrological connectivity: Linking
concepts with practical implications, Catena, 79, 146–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.07.001, 2009.
Martínez-Carreras, N., Krein, A., Gallart, F., Iffly, J.-F., Hissler, C.,
Pfister, L., Hoffmann, L., and Owens, P. N.: The Influence of Sediment Sources and Hydrologic Events on the Nutrient and Metal Content of Fine-Grained Sediments (Attert River Basin, Luxembourg), Water Air Soil Pollut., 223, 5685–5705, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1307-1, 2012.
Matthews, W. J.: North American prairie streams as systems for ecological study, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 7, 387–409, 1988.
Müller, B., Bernhardt, M., Jackisch, C., and Schulz, K.: Estimating spatially distributed soil texture using time series of thermal remote sensing – a case study in central Europe, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3765–3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3765-2016, 2016.
Nadeau, T.-L. and Rains, M. C.: Hydrological Connectivity Between Headwater
Streams and Downstream Waters: How Sience Can Inform Policy, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 43, 118–133, 2007.
Olson, S. A. and Brouillette, M. C.: A logistic regression equation for
estimating the probability of a stream in Vermont having intermittent flow,
US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5217, US Geological Survey, p. 15, available at: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5217/ (last acess: 16 November 2020),
2006.
Open Street Map Wiki: Key:Highway, available at:
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:highway, last access: 10 April 2020.
Ossa-Moreno, J., Keir, G., McIntyre, N., Cameletti, M., and Rivera, D.: Comparison of approaches to interpolating climate observations in steep terrain with low-density gauging networks, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4763–4781, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4763-2019, 2019.
Pfister, L., Wagner, C., Vansuypeene, E., Drogue, G., and Hoffmann, L.: Atlas climatique du grand-duché de Luxembourg, edited by: Ries, C., Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois, Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, Administration des Services Techniques de l'Agriculture, Luxembourg, 2005.
Pfister, L., Martínez-Carreras, N., Hissler, C., Klaus, J., Carrer, G. E., Stewart, M. K., and McDonnell, J. J.: Bedrock geology controls on catchment storage, mixing, and release: A comparative analysis of 16 nested
catchments, Hydrol. Process., 31, 1828–1845, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11134, 2017.
Pfister, L., Hissler, C., Iffly, J. F., Coenders, M., Teuling, R., Arens, A., and Cammeraat, L. H.: Contrasting Hydrologic Response in the Cuesta Landscapes of Luxembourg, in: The Luxembourg Gutland Landscape, edited by: Kooijman, A. M., Cammeraat, L. H., and Seijmonsbergen, A. C., Springer, Cham, 73–87, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65543-7, 2018.
Philips, J. V. and Tadayon, S.: Selection of Mannings's Roughness Coefficient
for Natural and Constructed Vegetated and Non-Vegetated Channels, and
Vegetation Maintenance Plan Guidelines for Vegetated Channels in Central
Arizona, US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5108,
US Geological Survey, p. 41, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065108, 2006.
Prancevic, J. P. and Kirchner, J. W.: Topographic Controls on the Extension and Retraction of Flowing Streams, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2084–2092,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081799, 2019.
Riley, S. J., Degloria, S. D., and Elliot, R.: A Terrain Ruggedness Index that Quantifies Topographic Heterogeneity, Intermount. J. Sci., 5, 23–27, 1999.
Schaich, H., Karier, J., and Konold, W.: Rivers, Regulation and Restoration:
Land Use History of Floodplains in a Peri-Urban Landscape in Luxembourg,
1777–2000, Europ. Countrys, 4, 241–264, https://doi.org/10.2478/v10091-012-0007-6,
2011.
Service géologique de l'Etat: Carte géologique du Luxembourg,
Echelle 1:25 000/1:50 0000, Ancienne édition, 2018.
Shanafield, M. and Cook, P. G.: Transmission losses, infiltration and groundwater recharge through ephemeral and intermittent streambeds: A review
of applied methods, J. Hydrol., 511, 518–529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.068, 2014.
Skoulikidis, N. T., Sabater, S., Datry, T., Morais, M. M., Buffagni, A., Dörflinger, G., and Tockner, K.: Non-perennial Mediterranean rivers in Europe: status, pressures, and challenges for research and management, Sci. Total Environ., 577, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.147, 2017.
Sophocleous, M.: Interaction between groundwater and surface water: the state
of the science, Hydrogeol. J., 10, 52–67, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0170-8, 2002.
Strahler, A. N.: Hypsometric (area-altitude) Analysis of Erosional Topography, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 63, 1117–1141, 1952.
Stromberg, J. C. and Merrit, D. M.: Riparian plant guilds of ephemeral,
intermittent and perennial rivers, Freshwater Biol., 61, 1259–1275,
https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12686, 2015.
Stubbington, R., England, J., Wood, P. J., and Sefton, C. E. M.: Temporary streams in temperate zones: recognizing, monitoring and restoring transitional aquatic-terrestrial ecosystems, WIREs Water, 4, 4, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1223, 2017.
Svec, J. R., Kolka, R. K., and Stringer, J. W.: Defining perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral channels in Eastern Kentucky: Application to forestry best management practices, Forest Ecol. Manage., 214, 170–182,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.04.008, 2005.
Texas Forest Service: The Texas Water Source – updating Cass and Marion Co. Forest Landowners on Forestry and Water Issues, March 2009, available at: https://tfsdev.tamu.edu/uploadedFiles/TFSMain/Manage_Forest_and_Land/Water_Resources_and_BMPs/Stewardship(1)/TexasWaterSource-Mar2009-color-forwebsite.pdf (last access: 16 November 2020), 2009.
Van der Ploeg, T., Austin, P. C., and Steyerberg, E. W.: Modern modelling
techniques are data hungry: a simulation study for predicting dichotomous
endpoints, BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14, 137, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-137, 2014.
Van Genuchten, M. T.: A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic
Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x, 1980.
Weiler, M. and McDonnell, J. J.: Conceptualizing lateral preferential flow and flow networks and simulating the effects on gauged and ungauged hillslopes, Water Resour. Res., 43, W03403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004867, 2007.
Wösten, J. H. M., Lilly, A., Nemes, A., and Le Bas, C.: Development and use of a database of hydraulic properties of European soils, Geoderma, 90, 169–185, 2001.
Wrede, S., Fenicia, F., Martínez-Carreras, N., Juilleret, J., Hissler, C., Krein, A., Savenjie, H. H. G., Uhlenbrook, S., Kavetski, D., and Pfister, L.: Towards more systematic perceptual model development: a case study using 3 Luxembourgish catchments, Hydrol. Process., 29, 2731–2750,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10393, 2014.
Zehe, E., Ehret, U., Pfister, L., Blume, T., Schröder, B., Westhoff, M.,
Jackisch, C., Schymanski, S. J., Weiler, M., Schulz, K., Allroggen, N., Tronicke, J., van Schaik, L., Dietrich, P., Scherer, U., Eccard, J., Wulfmeyer, V., and Kleidon, A.: HESS Opinions: From response units to functional units: a thermodynamic reinterpretation of the HRU concept to link spatial organization and functioning of intermediate scale catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4635–4655, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4635-2014, 2014.
Ziegler, A. D. and Giambelluca, T. W.: Importance of rural roads as source areas for runoff in mountainous areas of northern Thailand, J. Hydrol., 196, 204–229, 1997.
Zimmer, M. A. and McGlynn, B. L.: Ephemeral and intermittent runoff generation processes in a low relief, highly weathered catchment, Water Resour. Res., 53, 7055–7077, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019742, 2017.
Short summary
In recent decades the demand for detailed information of spatial and temporal dynamics of the stream network has grown in the fields of eco-hydrology and extreme flow prediction. We use temporal streamflow intermittency data obtained at various sites using innovative sensing technology as well as spatial predictors to predict and map probabilities of streamflow intermittency. This approach has the potential to provide intermittency maps for hydrological modelling and management practices.
In recent decades the demand for detailed information of spatial and temporal dynamics of the...
