Articles | Volume 22, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4047-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4047-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jul 2018
Research article |
| 26 Jul 2018
| 26 Jul 2018
Hydrological effects of climate variability and vegetation dynamics on annual fluvial water balance in global large river basins
Jianyu Liu
Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China
University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Qiang Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry
of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,
Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Faculty of Geographical Science, Academy of Disaster Reduction and
Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Vijay P. Singh
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry
Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station,
Texas, USA
Changqing Song
Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry
of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,
Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Faculty of Geographical Science, Academy of Disaster Reduction and
Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Yongqiang Zhang
CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Anhui
241000, China
Xihui Gu
Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental
Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Shaoyang He, Yongqiang Zhang, Ning Ma, Jing Tian, Dongdong Kong, and Changming Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5463–5488, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5463-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5463-2022, 2022
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This study developed a daily, 500 m evapotranspiration and gross primary production product (PML-V2(China)) using a locally calibrated water–carbon coupled model, PML-V2, which was well calibrated against observations at 26 flux sites across nine land cover types. PML-V2 (China) performs satisfactorily in the plot- and basin-scale evaluations compared with other mainstream products. It improved intra-annual ET and GPP dynamics, particularly in the cropland ecosystem.
Haijiang Wu, Xiaoling Su, Vijay P. Singh, Te Zhang, Jixia Qi, and Shengzhi Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3847–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3847-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3847-2022, 2022
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Agricultural drought forecasting lies at the core of overall drought risk management and is critical for food security and drought early warning. Using three-dimensional scenarios, we attempted to compare the agricultural drought forecast performance of a canonical vine copula (3C-vine) model and meta-Gaussian (MG) model over China. The findings show that the 3C-vine model exhibits more skill than the MG model when using 1– to 3-month lead times for forecasting agricultural drought.
Peilin Song, Yongqiang Zhang, Jianping Guo, Jiancheng Shi, Tianjie Zhao, and Bing Tong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2613–2637, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2613-2022, 2022
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Soil moisture information is crucial for understanding the earth surface, but currently available satellite-based soil moisture datasets are imperfect either in their spatiotemporal resolutions or in ensuring image completeness from cloudy weather. In this study, therefore, we developed one soil moisture data product over China that has tackled most of the above problems. This data product has the potential to promote the investigation of earth hydrology and be extended to the global scale.
Peichao Gao, Yifan Gao, Xiaodan Zhang, Sijing Ye, and Changqing Song
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-123, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We found that the featured function of CLUMondo – balancing demands and supplies in a many-to-many mode – relies on a parameter called conversion order, but the setting of this parameter should be improved. This parameter should be set manually according to the characteristics of each study area and based on expert knowledge, which is not feasible for users without understanding the whole, detailed mechanism. This problem has been addressed in this study with CLUMondo Version 2.0.
Min Zhao, Changxiu Cheng, Yuyu Zhou, Xuecao Li, Shi Shen, and Changqing Song
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 517–534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-517-2022, 2022
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We generated a unique dataset of global annual urban extents (1992–2020) using consistent nighttime light observations and analyzed global urban dynamics over the past 3 decades. Evaluations using other urbanization-related ancillary data indicate that the derived urban areas are reliable for characterizing spatial extents associated with intensive human settlement and high-intensity socioeconomic activities. This dataset can provide unique information for studying urbanization and its impacts.
Solomon Vimal and Vijay P. Singh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 445–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-445-2022, 2022
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Evaporation from open water is a well-studied problem in hydrology. Robert E. Horton, unknown to most investigators on the subject, studied it in great detail by conducting experiments and relating them to physical laws. His work furthered known theories of lake evaporation but was not recognized. This is unfortunate because it performs better than five variously complex methods across scales (local to continental; 30 min–2 months) and seems quite relevant for climate-change-era problems.
Yuting Yang, Tim R. McVicar, Dawen Yang, Yongqiang Zhang, Shilong Piao, Shushi Peng, and Hylke E. Beck
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3411–3427, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3411-2021, 2021
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This study developed an analytical ecohydrological model that considers three aspects of vegetation response to eCO2 (i.e., stomatal response, LAI response, and rooting depth response) to detect the impact of eCO2 on continental runoff over the past 3 decades globally. Our findings suggest a minor role of eCO2 on the global runoff changes, yet highlight the negative runoff–eCO2 response in semiarid and arid regions which may further threaten the limited water resource there.
Pengcheng Xu, Dong Wang, Vijay P. Singh, Yuankun Wang, Jichun Wu, Huayu Lu, Lachun Wang, Jiufu Liu, and Jianyun Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-358, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
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In this study, a multivariate nonstationary risk analysis of annual extreme rainfall events, extracted from daily precipitation data observed at six meteorological stations in Haihe River basin, China, was done in three phases: (1) Several statistical tests, were applied to both the marginal distributions and the dependence structures to decipher different forms of nonstationarity; (2) Time-dependent copulas were adopted to model the distribution structure.
Xinyao Zhou, Yonghui Yang, Zhuping Sheng, and Yongqiang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2491–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2491-2019, 2019
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Quantifying the impact of upstream water use on downstream water scarcity is critical for water management. Comparing natural and observed runoff in China's 12 basins, this study found surface water use increased 1.6 times for the 1970s-2000s, driving most arid and semi-arid (ASA) basins into water scarcity status. The water stress decreased downstream in ASA basins due to reduced upstream inflow since the 2000s. Upstream water use caused over a 30 % increase in water scarcity in ASA basins.
Tao Ye, Weihang Liu, Jidong Wu, Yijia Li, Peijun Shi, and Qiang Zhang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 697–713, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-697-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-697-2019, 2019
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Livestock and their owners in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has long suffered from snow disaster. In order to help the local herder community better prepare for potential loss, we developed a probabilistic disaster-event simulation approach, from which livestock loss induced by a snow disaster with specific intensity and local prevention capacity could be predicted. By using this method, we managed to estimate snow disaster duration, livestock loss rate, and number at different return periods.
Taesam Lee and Vijay P. Singh
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1189–1207, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1189-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1189-2019, 2019
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A simple novel technique for simulating multisite occurrence of precipitation is proposed. The proposed technique employs the nonparametric approaches k-nearest neighbor and genetic algorithms. We tested this technique in various ways and proved that this simple technique can be useful and comparable to the existing one.
Pan Hu, Qiang Zhang, Chong-Yu Xu, Shao Sun, and Jiayi Fang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-73, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-73, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
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China is the country highly sensitive to flood disasters. Here we investigated flood disasters and relevant driving factors using meteorological disaster records s and also hourly rainfall data. We used the GeoDetector method to analyze potential driving factors behind flood disasters. We found increased rainstorm-induced flood disasters and increase in flood disaster frequency. Meanwhile, reduced flood-related death rates imply enhanced flood-mitigation infrastructure and facilities.
Xinjun Tu, Yiliang Du, Vijay P. Singh, Xiaohong Chen, Kairong Lin, and Haiou Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5175–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5175-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5175-2018, 2018
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For given frequencies of precipitation of a large region, design water demands of irrigation of the entire region among three methods, i.e., equalized frequency, typical year and most-likely weight function, slightly differed, but their alterations in sub-regions were complicated. A design procedure using the most-likely weight function in association with a high-dimensional copula, which built a linkage between regional frequency and sub-regional frequency of precipitation, is recommended.
Yongqiang Zhang and David Post
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4593–4604, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4593-2018, 2018
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It is a critical step to gap-fill streamflow data for most hydrological studies, such as streamflow trend, flood, and drought analysis and predictions. However, quantitative evaluation of the gap-filled data accuracy is not available. Here we conducted the first comprehensive study, and found that when the missing data rate is less than 10 %, the gap-filled streamflow data using hydrological models are reliable for annual streamflow and its trend analysis.
Qiang Zhang, Xihui Gu, Vijay P. Singh, Peijun Shi, and Peng Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2637–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2637-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2637-2018, 2018
Yan-Fang Sang, Fubao Sun, Vijay P. Singh, Ping Xie, and Jian Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 757–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-757-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-757-2018, 2018
Junlong Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, Jinxi Song, Lei Cheng, Rong Gan, Xiaogang Shi, Zhongkui Luo, and Panpan Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-737, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Estimating baseflow is critical for water balance budget, water resources management, and environmental evaluation. To predict baseflow index (the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow), this study introduces a new method, multilevel regression approach for predicting baseflow index for 596 Australian catchments, which outperformed two traditional methods: linear regression and hydrological modelling. Our results suggest that it is very promising to use this method to other parts of world.
Jianfeng Li, Thian Yew Gan, Yongqin David Chen, Qiang Zhang, Zengyun Hu, and Xihui Gu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-359, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-359, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Precipitation extremes are localized and spatially heterogeneous events. Previous studies showed that estimation of magnitudes of extremes is sensitive to spatial resolutions. Our results show that projected changes in extremes between future and historical periods, a commonly used metric in climate projections, are insensitive to spatial resolutions. Given the considerable discrepancies among GCM outputs, the impacts of spatial resolutions on projected changes are negligible.
Hongxia Li and Yongqiang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-464, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-464, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Numerous regionalisation studies have been conducted to predict the runoff time series in ungauged catchments. However, there are few studies investigating their benefits for predicting runoff time series on a continental scale. This study uses four regionalisation approaches to regionalise two rainfall–runoff models for continental Australia, demonstrates that the gridded IS approach outperforms other three in data-sparse regions, and is recommendated for large-scale hydrological predictions.
J. Vaze, Y. Q. Zhang, and L. Zhang
Proc. IAHS, 371, 215–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-215-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-215-2015, 2015
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Most of the forested headwater catchments are an important source of water supply in many parts of the world. A prime example is southeast Australia where forests supply major river systems and towns and cities with water. It is critical for an informed and adaptive water resource management to understand changes in streamflow caused by vegetation changes in these headwater forest catchments. Natural disturbances such as bushfires and anthropogenic activities like forestation, deforestation, or
B. Mueller, M. Hirschi, C. Jimenez, P. Ciais, P. A. Dirmeyer, A. J. Dolman, J. B. Fisher, M. Jung, F. Ludwig, F. Maignan, D. G. Miralles, M. F. McCabe, M. Reichstein, J. Sheffield, K. Wang, E. F. Wood, Y. Zhang, and S. I. Seneviratne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3707–3720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3707-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3707-2013, 2013
Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, J. Vaze, P. Lane, and S. Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4397-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4397-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Subject: Global hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Mathematical applications
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Attributing correlation skill of dynamical GCM precipitation forecasts to statistical ENSO teleconnection using a set-theory-based approach
The spatial extent of hydrological and landscape changes across the mountains and prairies of Canada in the Mackenzie and Nelson River basins based on data from a warm-season time window
Averaging over spatiotemporal heterogeneity substantially biases evapotranspiration rates in a mechanistic large-scale land evaporation model
Rainfall Estimates on a Gridded Network (REGEN) – a global land-based gridded dataset of daily precipitation from 1950 to 2016
A framework for deriving drought indicators from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
Spatial patterns and characteristics of flood seasonality in Europe
Derived Optimal Linear Combination Evapotranspiration (DOLCE): a global gridded synthesis ET estimate
Effects of different reference periods on drought index (SPEI) estimations from 1901 to 2014
The transformed-stationary approach: a generic and simplified methodology for non-stationary extreme value analysis
Global trends in extreme precipitation: climate models versus observations
A global water cycle reanalysis (2003–2012) merging satellite gravimetry and altimetry observations with a hydrological multi-model ensemble
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Simplifying a hydrological ensemble prediction system with a backward greedy selection of members – Part 1: Optimization criteria
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Fadji Z. Maina, Alan Rhoades, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, and Peter-James Dennedy-Frank
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3589–3609, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3589-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3589-2022, 2022
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In this work, we assess the effects of end-of-century extreme dry and wet conditions on the hydrology of California. Our results, derived from cutting-edge and high-resolution climate and hydrologic models, highlight that (1) water storage will be larger and increase earlier in the year, yet the summer streamflow will decrease as a result of high evapotranspiration rates, and that (2) groundwater and lower-order streams are very sensitive to decreases in snowmelt and higher evapotranspiration.
Roiya Souissi, Mehrez Zribi, Chiara Corbari, Marco Mancini, Sekhar Muddu, Sat Kumar Tomer, Deepti B. Upadhyaya, and Ahmad Al Bitar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3263–3297, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3263-2022, 2022
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In this study, we investigate the combination of surface soil moisture information with process-related features, namely, evaporation efficiency, soil water index and normalized difference vegetation index, using artificial neural networks to predict root-zone soil moisture. The joint use of process-related features yielded more accurate predictions in the case of arid and semiarid conditions. However, they have no to little added value in temperate to tropical conditions.
Kathryn L. McCurley Pisarello and James W. Jawitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6173–6183, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6173-2021, 2021
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Climate classification systems divide the Earth into zones of similar climates. We compared the within-zone hydroclimate similarity and zone shape complexity of a suite of climate classification systems, including new ones formed in this study. The most frequently used system had high similarity but high complexity. We propose the Water-Energy Clustering framework, which also had high similarity but lower complexity. This new system is therefore proposed for future hydroclimate assessments.
Gang Zhao, Paul Bates, Jeffrey Neal, and Bo Pang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5981–5999, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5981-2021, 2021
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Design flood estimation is a fundamental task in hydrology. We propose a machine- learning-based approach to estimate design floods anywhere on the global river network. This approach shows considerable improvement over the index-flood-based method, and the average bias in estimation is less than 18 % for 10-, 20-, 50- and 100-year design floods. This approach is a valid method to estimate design floods globally, improving our prediction of flood hazard, especially in ungauged areas.
Tongtiegang Zhao, Haoling Chen, Quanxi Shao, Tongbi Tu, Yu Tian, and Xiaohong Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5717–5732, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5717-2021, 2021
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This paper develops a novel approach to attributing correlation skill of dynamical GCM forecasts to statistical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection using the coefficient of determination. Three cases of attribution are effectively facilitated, which are significantly positive anomaly correlation attributable to positive ENSO teleconnection, attributable to negative ENSO teleconnection and not attributable to ENSO teleconnection.
Paul H. Whitfield, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Kevin R. Shook, and John W. Pomeroy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2513–2541, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2513-2021, 2021
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Using only warm season streamflow records, regime and change classifications were produced for ~ 400 watersheds in the Nelson and Mackenzie River basins, and trends in water storage and vegetation were detected from satellite imagery. Three areas show consistent changes: north of 60° (increased streamflow and basin greenness), in the western Boreal Plains (decreased streamflow and basin greenness), and across the Prairies (three different patterns of increased streamflow and basin wetness).
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund, Massimiliano Zappa, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5015–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020, 2020
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Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest flux from the land to the atmosphere and thus contributes to Earth's energy and water balance. Due to its impact on atmospheric dynamics, ET is a key driver of droughts and heatwaves. In this paper, we demonstrate how averaging over land surface heterogeneity contributes to substantial overestimates of ET fluxes. We also demonstrate how one can correct for the effects of small-scale heterogeneity without explicitly representing it in land surface models.
Steefan Contractor, Markus G. Donat, Lisa V. Alexander, Markus Ziese, Anja Meyer-Christoffer, Udo Schneider, Elke Rustemeier, Andreas Becker, Imke Durre, and Russell S. Vose
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 919–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-919-2020, 2020
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This paper provides the documentation of the REGEN dataset, a global land-based daily observational precipitation dataset from 1950 to 2016 at a gridded resolution of 1° × 1°. REGEN is currently the longest-running global dataset of daily precipitation and is expected to facilitate studies looking at changes and variability in several aspects of daily precipitation distributions, extremes and measures of hydrological intensity.
Helena Gerdener, Olga Engels, and Jürgen Kusche
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 227–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-227-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-227-2020, 2020
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GRACE-derived drought indicators enable us to detect hydrological droughts based on changes observed in all storages. By performing synthetic experiments, we find that droughts identified by existing and modified indicators are biased by trends and GRACE-based spatial noise. A modified version of the Zhao et al. (2017) indicator is found to be particularly robust against spatial noise and is therefore applied to real GRACE data over South Africa.
Julia Hall and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3883–3901, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3883-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3883-2018, 2018
Sanaa Hobeichi, Gab Abramowitz, Jason Evans, and Anna Ukkola
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1317–1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1317-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1317-2018, 2018
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We present a new global ET dataset and associated uncertainty with monthly temporal resolution for 2000–2009 and 0.5 grid cell size. Six existing gridded ET products are combined using a weighting approach trained by observational datasets from 159 FLUXNET sites. We confirm that point-based estimates of flux towers provide information at the grid scale of these products. We also show that the weighted product performs better than 10 different existing global ET datasets in a range of metrics.
Myoung-Jin Um, Yeonjoo Kim, Daeryong Park, and Jeongbin Kim
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4989–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4989-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4989-2017, 2017
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This study aims to understand how different reference periods (i.e., calibration periods) of climate data for estimating the drought index influence regional drought assessments. Specifically, we investigate the influence of different reference periods on historical drought characteristics such as trends, frequency, intensity and spatial extents using the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) estimated from the two widely used global datasets.
Lorenzo Mentaschi, Michalis Vousdoukas, Evangelos Voukouvalas, Ludovica Sartini, Luc Feyen, Giovanni Besio, and Lorenzo Alfieri
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3527–3547, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3527-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3527-2016, 2016
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The climate is subject to variations which must be considered
studying the intensity and frequency of extreme events.
We introduce in this paper a new methodology
for the study of variable extremes, which consists in detecting
the pattern of variability of a time series, and applying these patterns
to the analysis of the extreme events.
This technique comes with advantages with respect to the previous ones
in terms of accuracy, simplicity, and robustness.
B. Asadieh and N. Y. Krakauer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 877–891, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-877-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-877-2015, 2015
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We present a systematic comparison of changes in historical extreme precipitation in station observations (HadEX2) and 15 climate models from the CMIP5 (as the largest and most recent sets of available observational and modeled data sets), on global and continental scales for 1901-2010, using both parametric (linear regression) and non-parametric (the Mann-Kendall as well as Sen’s slope estimator) methods, taking care to sample observations and models spatially and temporally in comparable ways.
A. I. J. M. van Dijk, L. J. Renzullo, Y. Wada, and P. Tregoning
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2955–2973, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2955-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2955-2014, 2014
M. H. J. van Huijgevoort, P. Hazenberg, H. A. J. van Lanen, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2437–2451, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2437-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2437-2012, 2012
D. Brochero, F. Anctil, and C. Gagné
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3307–3325, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3307-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3307-2011, 2011
D. Brochero, F. Anctil, and C. Gagné
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3327–3341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3327-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3327-2011, 2011
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Short summary
Considering effective precipitation (Pe), the Budyko framework was extended to the annual water balance analysis. To reflect the mismatch between water supply (precipitation, P) and energy (potential evapotranspiration,
E0), a climate seasonality and asynchrony index (SAI) were proposed in terms of both phase and amplitude mismatch between P and E0.
Considering effective precipitation (Pe), the Budyko framework was extended to the annual water...
