Articles | Volume 27, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
20 Dec 2023
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 20 Dec 2023
| 20 Dec 2023
Uncertainty assessment of satellite remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration estimates: a systematic review of methods and gaps
Land and Water Management Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
Johannes van der Kwast
Land and Water Management Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Solomon Seyoum
Land and Water Management Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Remko Uijlenhoet
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
Graham Jewitt
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
Water Resources and Ecosystems Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Marloes Mul
Land and Water Management Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Nathalie Rombeek, Markus Hrachowitz, Arjan Droste, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3207, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3207, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rain gauge networks from personal weather stations (PWSs) have a network density 100 times higher than dedicated rain gauge networks in the Netherlands. However, PWSs are prone to several sources of error, as they are generally not installed and maintained according to international guidelines. This study systematically quantifies and describes the uncertainties arising from PWS rainfall estimates. In particular, the focus is on the highest rainfall accumulations.
Abbas El Hachem, Jochen Seidel, Tess O'Hara, Roberto Villalobos Herrera, Aart Overeem, Remko Uijlenhoet, András Bárdossy, and Lotte de Vos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4715–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4715-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4715-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an overview of open-source quality control (QC) algorithms for rainfall data from personal weather stations (PWSs). The methodology and usability along technical and operational guidelines for using every QC algorithm are presented. All three QC algorithms are available for users to explore in the OpenSense sandbox. They were applied in a case study using PWS data from the Amsterdam region in the Netherlands. The results highlight the necessity for data quality control.
Athanasios Tsiokanos, Martine Rutten, Ruud J. van der Ent, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3327–3345, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3327-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3327-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on past high-flow events to find flood drivers in the Geul. We also explore flood drivers’ trends across various timescales and develop a new method to detect the main direction of a trend. Our results show that extreme 24 h precipitation alone is typically insufficient to cause floods. The combination of extreme rainfall and wet initial conditions determines the chance of flooding. Precipitation that leads to floods increases in winter, whereas no consistent trends are found in summer.
Akshay Dhonthi, Fabian Humberto Fonseca Aponte, Zoubida Nemer, Célia Hadj Ali, Mohamed Yacine Tebbouche, and Hans Van Der Kwast
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-4-W12-2024, 35–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W12-2024-35-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W12-2024-35-2024, 2024
Luuk D. van der Valk, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Aart Overeem, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2811–2832, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave links, often part of mobile phone networks, can be used to measure rainfall along the link path by determining the signal loss caused by rainfall. We use high-frequency data of multiple microwave links to recreate commonly used sampling strategies. For time intervals up to 1 min, the influence of sampling strategies on estimated rainfall intensities is relatively little, while for intervals longer than 5–15 min, the sampling strategy can have significant influences on the estimates.
Louise J. Schreyers, Tim H. M. van Emmerik, Thanh-Khiet L. Bui, Khoa L. van Thi, Bart Vermeulen, Hong-Q. Nguyen, Nicholas Wallerstein, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Martine van der Ploeg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 589–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River plastic emissions into the ocean are of global concern, but the transfer dynamics between fresh water and the marine environment remain poorly understood. We developed a simple Eulerian approach to estimate the net and total plastic transport in tidal rivers. Applied to the Saigon River, Vietnam, we found that net plastic transport amounted to less than one-third of total transport, highlighting the need to better integrate tidal dynamics in plastic transport and emission models.
Linda Bogerd, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algorithms merge satellite radiometer data from various frequency channels, each tied to a different footprint size. We studied the uncertainty associated with sampling (over the Netherlands using 4 years of data) as precipitation is highly variable in space and time by simulating ground-based data as satellite footprints. Though sampling affects precipitation estimates, it doesn’t explain all discrepancies. Overall, uncertainties in the algorithm seem more influential than how data is sampled.
Claire I. Michailovsky, Bert Coerver, Marloes Mul, and Graham Jewitt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4335–4354, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4335-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4335-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many remote sensing products for precipitation, evapotranspiration, and water storage variations exist. However, when these are used with in situ runoff data in water balance closure studies, no single combination of products consistently outperforms others. We analyzed the water balance closure using different products in catchments worldwide and related the results to catchment characteristics. Our results can help identify the dataset combinations best suited for use in different catchments.
Afua Owusu, Jazmin Zatarain Salazar, Marloes Mul, Pieter van der Zaag, and Jill Slinger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2001–2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2001-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The construction of two dams in the Lower Volta River, Ghana, adversely affected downstream riverine ecosystems and communities. In contrast, Ghana has enjoyed vast economic benefits from the dams. Herein lies the challenge; there exists a trade-off between water for river ecosystems and water for anthropogenic water demands such hydropower. In this study, we quantify these trade-offs and show that there is room for providing environmental flows under current and future climatic conditions.
Femke A. Jansen, Remko Uijlenhoet, Cor M. J. Jacobs, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2875–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2875-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the controls on open water evaporation with a focus on Lake IJssel, the Netherlands, by analysing eddy covariance observations over two summer periods at two locations at the borders of the lake. Wind speed and the vertical vapour pressure gradient can explain most of the variation in observed evaporation, which is in agreement with Dalton's model. We argue that the distinct characteristics of inland waterbodies need to be taken into account when parameterizing their evaporation.
Abebe D. Chukalla, Marloes L. Mul, Pieter van der Zaag, Gerardo van Halsema, Evaristo Mubaya, Esperança Muchanga, Nadja den Besten, and Poolad Karimi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2759–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New techniques to monitor the performance of irrigation schemes are vital to improve land and water productivity. We developed a framework and applied the remotely sensed FAO WaPOR dataset to assess uniformity, equity, adequacy, and land and water productivity at the Xinavane sugarcane estate, segmented by three irrigation methods. The developed performance assessment framework and the Python script in Jupyter Notebooks can aid in such irrigation performance analysis in other regions.
Wagner Wolff, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 485–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-485-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The existing infrastructure for cellular communication is promising for ground-based rainfall remote sensing. Rain-induced signal attenuation is used in dedicated algorithms for retrieving rainfall depth along commercial microwave links (CMLs) between cell phone towers. This processing is a source of many uncertainties about input data, algorithm structures, parameters, CML network, and local climate. Application of a stochastic optimization method leads to improved CML rainfall estimates.
Ruben Imhoff, Claudia Brauer, Klaas-Jan van Heeringen, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, Albrecht Weerts, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4061–4080, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Significant biases in real-time radar rainfall products limit the use for hydrometeorological forecasting. We introduce CARROTS (Climatology-based Adjustments for Radar Rainfall in an OperaTional Setting), a set of fixed bias reduction factors to correct radar rainfall products and to benchmark other correction algorithms. When tested for 12 Dutch basins, estimated rainfall and simulated discharges with CARROTS generally outperform those using the operational mean field bias adjustments.
Simone Gelsinari, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Edoardo Daly, Jos van Dam, Remko Uijlenhoet, Nicholas Fewster-Young, and Rebecca Doble
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2261–2277, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2261-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of recharge to groundwater are often driven by biophysical processes occurring in the soil column and, particularly in remote areas, are also always affected by uncertainty. Using data assimilation techniques to merge remotely sensed observations with outputs of numerical models is one way to reduce this uncertainty. Here, we show the benefits of using such a technique with satellite evapotranspiration rates and coupled hydrogeological models applied to a semi-arid site in Australia.
Jolijn van Engelenburg, Erik van Slobbe, Adriaan J. Teuling, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Petra Hellegers
Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 14, 1–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-14-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analysed the impact of extreme weather events, water quality deterioration, and a growing drinking water demand on the sustainability of drinking water supply in the Netherlands. The results of the case studies were compared to sustainability issues for drinking water supply that are experienced worldwide. This resulted in a set of sustainability characteristics describing drinking water supply on a local scale in terms of hydrological, technical, and socio-economic characteristics.
Thomas C. van Leth, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1797–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method of using collocated microwave link instruments to estimate the average size distribution of raindrops along a path of several kilometers. Our method is validated using simulated fields as well as five laser disdrometers installed along a path. We also present preliminary results from an experimental setup measuring at 26 and 38 GHz along a 2.2 km path. We show that a retrieval on the basis of microwave links can be highly accurate, provided the base power level is stable.
Imeshi Weerasinghe, Wim Bastiaanssen, Marloes Mul, Li Jia, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1565–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water resource allocation to various sectors requires an understanding of the hydrological cycle, where evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component. Satellite-derived products estimate ET but are hard to evaluate at large scales. This work presents an alternate evaluation methodology to point-scale observations in Africa. The paper enables users to select an ET product based on their performance regarding selected criteria using a ranking system. The highest ranked products are WaPOR and CMRSET.
Adrien Guyot, Jayaram Pudashine, Alain Protat, Remko Uijlenhoet, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Alan Seed, and Jeffrey P. Walker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4737–4761, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4737-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We characterised for the first time the rainfall microphysics for Southern Hemisphere temperate latitudes. Co-located instruments were deployed to provide information on the sampling effect and spatio-temporal variabilities at micro scales. Substantial differences were found across the instruments, increasing with increasing values of the rain rate. Specific relations for reflectivity–rainfall are presented together with related uncertainties for drizzle and stratiform and convective rainfall.
Joost Buitink, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1593–1609, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1593-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1593-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes how the spatial resolution of hydrological models affects the model results. The high-resolution model allowed for more spatial variability than the low-resolution model. As a result, the low-resolution model failed to capture most variability that was simulated with the high-resolution model. This has implications for the interpretation of results carried out at coarse resolutions, as they may fail to represent the local small-scale variability.
Bart van Osnabrugge, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Albrecht Weerts
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1453–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1453-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1453-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A correct estimate of the amount of future precipitation is the most important factor in making a good streamflow forecast, but evaporation is also an important component that determines the discharge of a river. However, in this study for the Rhine River we found that evaporation forecasts only give an almost negligible improvement compared to methods that use statistical information on climatology for a 10-day streamflow forecast. This is important to guide research on low flow forecasts.
Tjitske J. Geertsema, Adriaan J. Teuling, Remko Uijlenhoet, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5599–5613, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5599-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5599-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigate the processes and effects of simultaneous flood peaks at a lowland confluence. The flood peaks are analyzed with the relatively new dynamic time warping method, which offers a robust means of tracing flood waves in discharge time series at confluences. The time lag between discharge peaks in the main river and its lowland tributaries is small compared to the wave duration; therefore the exact timing of discharge peaks may be little relevant to flood risk.
Thomas C. van Leth, Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4645–4669, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4645-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4645-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a campaign to address several error sources associated with rainfall estimates from microwave links in cellular communication networks. The set-up consists of three co-located links, complemented with reference instruments. We investigate events covering different attenuating phenomena: Rainfall, solid precipitation, temperature, fog, antenna wetting due to rain or dew, and clutter.
Manuel F. Rios Gaona, Aart Overeem, Timothy H. Raupach, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4465–4476, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4465-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4465-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall estimates from commercial microwave links were obtained for the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The results show the potential of such networks as complementary rainfall measurements for more robust networks (e.g. radars, gauges, satellites).
Lieke A. Melsen, Nans Addor, Naoki Mizukami, Andrew J. Newman, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, Martyn P. Clark, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1775–1791, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1775-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1775-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term hydrological predictions are important for water management planning, but are also prone to uncertainty. This study investigates three sources of uncertainty for long-term hydrological predictions in the US: climate models, hydrological models, and hydrological model parameters. Mapping the results revealed spatial patterns in the three sources of uncertainty: different sources of uncertainty dominate in different regions.
Barry Croke and Graham Jewitt
Proc. IAHS, 376, 1–1, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-1-2018, 2018
Joost Buitink, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-629, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the hydrological response simulated at two different spatial resolutions. The low resolution model was not able to simulate the complex response as was simulated with the high resolution model. The low resolution model underestimated the anomalies when compared with the high resolution model. This has implications on the interpretation of global scale impact studies (low resolution) on local or regional scales (high resolution).
Michael S. Aduah, Graham P. W. Jewitt, and Michele L. W. Toucher
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-591, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-591, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides a first stage contextualized estimation of the potential impacts of combined land use and climate changes on the rainforest part of the West African region, using a representative study area in south western Ghana. The study shows clearly that if the rainfall reduce drastically, changes in streamflow will be controlled by land use changes, but if rainfall increases, streamflows will be controlled by climate. Data and adaptive catchment management is needed for the region.
Matthew F. McCabe, Matthew Rodell, Douglas E. Alsdorf, Diego G. Miralles, Remko Uijlenhoet, Wolfgang Wagner, Arko Lucieer, Rasmus Houborg, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Trenton E. Franz, Jiancheng Shi, Huilin Gao, and Eric F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3879–3914, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3879-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the opportunities and challenges that technological advances in Earth observation will present to the hydrological community. From advanced space-based sensors to unmanned aerial vehicles and ground-based distributed networks, these emergent systems are set to revolutionize our understanding and interpretation of hydrological and related processes.
Jean N. Namugize, Graham P. W. Jewitt, David Clark, and Johan Strömqvist
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-365, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-365, 2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
The research study on testing the capability of HYPE model to simulate streamflow, nitrogen and phosphorus was motivated by the inclusion of in-stream processes of transport and dynamics of nutrients in the routing functions of the model. Results indicate that high streamflow events were represented well, with a general over-simulation of low flows. These findings are consistent with observations of spatial and seasonal distribution of nutrients in the catchment.
Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Martyn Clark, Luis Samaniego, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Tim van Emmerik, Remko Uijlenhoet, Kevin Achieng, Trenton E. Franz, and Ross Woods
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3701–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this synthesis of hydrologic scaling and similarity, we assert that it is time for hydrology to embrace a fourth paradigm of data-intensive science. Advances in information-based hydrologic science, coupled with an explosion of hydrologic data and advances in parameter estimation and modeling, have laid the foundation for a data-driven framework for scrutinizing hydrological hypotheses. We call upon the community to develop a focused effort towards a fourth paradigm for hydrology.
Martyn P. Clark, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Luis Samaniego, Ross A. Woods, Remko Uijlenhoet, Katrina E. Bennett, Valentijn R. N. Pauwels, Xitian Cai, Andrew W. Wood, and Christa D. Peters-Lidard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3427–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3427-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3427-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The diversity in hydrologic models has led to controversy surrounding the “correct” approach to hydrologic modeling. In this paper we revisit key modeling challenges on requirements to (1) define suitable model equations, (2) define adequate model parameters, and (3) cope with limitations in computing power. We outline the historical modeling challenges, summarize modeling advances that address these challenges, and define outstanding research needs.
Hidayat Hidayat, Adriaan J. Teuling, Bart Vermeulen, Muh Taufik, Karl Kastner, Tjitske J. Geertsema, Dinja C. C. Bol, Dirk H. Hoekman, Gadis Sri Haryani, Henny A. J. Van Lanen, Robert M. Delinom, Roel Dijksma, Gusti Z. Anshari, Nining S. Ningsih, Remko Uijlenhoet, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2579–2594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2579-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2579-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological prediction is crucial but in tropical lowland it is difficult, considering data scarcity and river system complexity. This study offers a view of the hydrology of two tropical lowlands in Indonesia. Both lowlands exhibit the important role of upstream wetlands in regulating the flow downstream. We expect that this work facilitates a better prediction of fire-prone conditions in these regions.
Lotte de Vos, Hidde Leijnse, Aart Overeem, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 765–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-765-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-765-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent developments have made it possible to easily crowdsource meteorological measurements from automatic personal weather stations worldwide. This has offered free access to rainfall ground measurements at spatial and temporal resolutions far exceeding those of national operational sensor networks, especially in cities. This paper is the first step to make optimal use of this promising source of rainfall measurements and identify challenges for future implementation for urban applications.
Anne F. Van Loon, Kerstin Stahl, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Julian Clark, Sally Rangecroft, Niko Wanders, Tom Gleeson, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, Lena M. Tallaksen, Jamie Hannaford, Remko Uijlenhoet, Adriaan J. Teuling, David M. Hannah, Justin Sheffield, Mark Svoboda, Boud Verbeiren, Thorsten Wagener, and Henny A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3631–3650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the Anthropocene, drought cannot be viewed as a natural hazard independent of people. Drought can be alleviated or made worse by human activities and drought impacts are dependent on a myriad of factors. In this paper, we identify research gaps and suggest a framework that will allow us to adequately analyse and manage drought in the Anthropocene. We need to focus on attribution of drought to different drivers, linking drought to its impacts, and feedbacks between drought and society.
C. Z. van de Beek, H. Leijnse, P. Hazenberg, and R. Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 3837–3850, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3837-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3837-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative precipitation estimation using weather radar is affected by many sources of error. This study is an attempt to separate and quantify sources of error very close to the radar. A 3-day event is analyzed using radar, rain gauge and disdrometer data. Without correction, the radar severely underestimates the total rain amount by more than 50 %. After correction for the errors, a good match with rain gauge measurements is found, with 5 to 8 % difference.
Lieke Melsen, Adriaan Teuling, Paul Torfs, Massimiliano Zappa, Naoki Mizukami, Martyn Clark, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2207–2226, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2207-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2207-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigated the sensitivity of a large-domain hydrological model for spatial and temporal resolution. We evaluated the results on a mesoscale catchment in Switzerland. Our results show that the model was hardly sensitive for the spatial resolution, which implies that spatial variability is likely underestimated. Our results provide a motivation to improve the representation of spatial variability in hydrological models in order to increase their credibility on a smaller scale.
Aart Overeem, Hidde Leijnse, and Remko Uijlenhoet
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2425–2444, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2425-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2425-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave links in commercial cellular communication networks hold a promise for areal rainfall monitoring and could complement rainfall estimates from ground-based weather radars, rain gauges, and satellites. It has been shown that country-wide rainfall maps can be derived from the signal attenuations of microwave links in such a network. Here we give a detailed description of the employed rainfall retrieval algorithm and the corresponding code, which is freely provided at GitHub.
Lieke A. Melsen, Adriaan J. Teuling, Paul J. J. F. Torfs, Remko Uijlenhoet, Naoki Mizukami, and Martyn P. Clark
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1069-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1069-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A meta-analysis on 192 peer-reviewed articles reporting applications of a land surface model in a distributed way reveals that the spatial resolution at which the model is applied has increased over the years, while the calibration and validation time interval has remained unchanged. We argue that the calibration and validation time interval should keep pace with the increase in spatial resolution in order to resolve the processes that are relevant at the applied spatial resolution.
M. F. Rios Gaona, A. Overeem, H. Leijnse, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3571–3584, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3571-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial cellular networks are built for telecommunication purposes. These kinds of networks have lately been used to obtain rainfall maps at country-wide scales. From previous studies, we now quantify the uncertainties associated with such maps. To do so, we divided the sources or error into two categories: from microwave link measurements and from mapping. It was found that the former is the source that contributes the most to the overall error in rainfall maps from microwave link network.
O. Rakovec, A. H. Weerts, J. Sumihar, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2911–2924, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2911-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2911-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first analysis of the asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter in hydrological forecasting. The results of discharge assimilation into a hydrological model for the catchment show that including past predictions and observations in the filter improves model forecasts. Additionally, we show that elimination of the strongly non-linear relation between soil moisture and assimilated discharge observations from the model update becomes beneficial for improved operational forecasting.
A. D. Clulow, C. S. Everson, M. G. Mengistu, J. S. Price, A. Nickless, and G. P. W. Jewitt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2513–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2513-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2513-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The 3rd paper in a series dealing with evaporation over indigenous vegetation in an area of South Africa experiencing severe water challenges. The area is a World Heritage site and an important conservation area in which our understanding of the water balance plays a crucial role in system management.
We provide the fist estimates of total evaporation from a subtropical peat swamp forest, investigate measurement techniques and provide modelling solutions to estimate long-term evaporation.
A. M. L. Saraiva Okello, I. Masih, S. Uhlenbrook, G. P. W. Jewitt, P. van der Zaag, and E. Riddell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 657–673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We studied long-term daily records of rainfall and streamflow of the Incomati River basin in southern Africa. We used statistical analysis and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration tool to describe the spatial and temporal variability flow regime. We found significant declining trends in October flows, and low flow indicators; however, no significant trend was found in rainfall. Land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in streamflow than climatic forces in the basin.
C. C. Brauer, A. J. Teuling, P. J. J. F. Torfs, and R. Uijlenhoet
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2313–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2313-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2313-2014, 2014
C. C. Brauer, P. J. J. F. Torfs, A. J. Teuling, and R. Uijlenhoet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4007–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4007-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4007-2014, 2014
A. I. Gevaert, A. J. Teuling, R. Uijlenhoet, S. B. DeLong, T. E. Huxman, L. A. Pangle, D. D. Breshears, J. Chorover, J. D. Pelletier, S. R. Saleska, X. Zeng, and P. A. Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3681–3692, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014, 2014
A. D. Clulow, C. S. Everson, J. S. Price, G. P. W. Jewitt, and B. C. Scott-Shaw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2053–2067, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2053-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2053-2013, 2013
H. H. Bulcock and G. P. W. Jewitt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4693–4705, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4693-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4693-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Remote Sensing and GIS
Sediment transport in South Asian rivers high enough to impact satellite gravimetry
On the timescale of drought indices for monitoring streamflow drought considering catchment hydrological regimes
Pairing remote sensing and clustering in landscape hydrology for large-scale change identification: an application to the subarctic watershed of the George River (Nunavik, Canada)
Monitoring the extreme flood events in the Yangtze River basin based on GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite data
Predicting soil moisture conditions across a heterogeneous boreal catchment using terrain indices
A combined use of in situ and satellite-derived observations to characterize surface hydrology and its variability in the Congo River basin
Monitoring surface water dynamics in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota using dual-polarised Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time series
Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above- and below-ground watershed heterogeneity and functions
Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of a drying Himalayan river
On the selection of precipitation products for the regionalisation of hydrological model parameters
Discharge of groundwater flow to Potter Cove on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula
The value of ASCAT soil moisture and MODIS snow cover data for calibrating a conceptual hydrologic model
Systematic comparison of five machine-learning models in classification and interpolation of soil particle size fractions using different transformed data
Using hydrological and climatic catchment clusters to explore drivers of catchment behavior
Using MODIS estimates of fractional snow cover area to improve streamflow forecasts in interior Alaska
Informing a hydrological model of the Ogooué with multi-mission remote sensing data
Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India
Spatial pattern evaluation of a calibrated national hydrological model – a remote-sensing-based diagnostic approach
A method to employ the spatial organization of catchments into semi-distributed rainfall–runoff models
Multi-source hydrological soil moisture state estimation using data fusion optimisation
Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile
Daily Landsat-scale evapotranspiration estimation over a forested landscape in North Carolina, USA, using multi-satellite data fusion
Using object-based geomorphometry for hydro-geomorphological analysis in a Mediterranean research catchment
Comparing the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII) with root zone storage in a lumped conceptual model
Case-based knowledge formalization and reasoning method for digital terrain analysis – application to extracting drainage networks
Improved large-scale hydrological modelling through the assimilation of streamflow and downscaled satellite soil moisture observations
Vegetative impacts upon bedload transport capacity and channel stability for differing alluvial planforms in the Yellow River source zone
Evaluation of global fine-resolution precipitation products and their uncertainty quantification in ensemble discharge simulations
Multidecadal change in streamflow associated with anthropogenic disturbances in the tropical Andes
Integration of 2-D hydraulic model and high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for floodplain flow modeling
Relating seasonal dynamics of enhanced vegetation index to the recycling of water in two endorheic river basins in north-west China
Urbanization dramatically altered the water balances of a paddy field-dominated basin in southern China
GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of regional watersheds
Impacts of high inter-annual variability of rainfall on a century of extreme hydrologic regime of northwest Australia
Identification of catchment functional units by time series of thermal remote sensing images
Flow regime change in an endorheic basin in southern Ethiopia
Evaluating digital terrain indices for soil wetness mapping – a Swedish case study
The suitability of remotely sensed soil moisture for improving operational flood forecasting
Modelling stream flow and quantifying blue water using a modified STREAM model for a heterogeneous, highly utilized and data-scarce river basin in Africa
Operational reservoir inflow forecasting with radar altimetry: the Zambezi case study
Three perceptions of the evapotranspiration landscape: comparing spatial patterns from a distributed hydrological model, remotely sensed surface temperatures, and sub-basin water balances
Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt
Estimating water discharge from large radar altimetry datasets
Estimation of antecedent wetness conditions for flood modelling in northern Morocco
MODIS snow cover mapping accuracy in a small mountain catchment – comparison between open and forest sites
The AACES field experiments: SMOS calibration and validation across the Murrumbidgee River catchment
A soil moisture and temperature network for SMOS validation in Western Denmark
Classification and flow prediction in a data-scarce watershed of the equatorial Nile region
On the use of AMSU-based products for the description of soil water content at basin scale
Estimating flooded area and mean water level using active and passive microwaves: the example of Paraná River Delta floodplain
Alexandra Klemme, Thorsten Warneke, Heinrich Bovensmann, Matthias Weigelt, Jürgen Müller, Tim Rixen, Justus Notholt, and Claus Lämmerzahl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1527–1538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1527-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite data help estimate groundwater depletion, but earlier assessments missed mass loss from river sediment. In the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river system, sediment accounts for 4 % of the depletion. Correcting for sediment in the GBM mountains reduces estimated depletion by 14 %. It's important to note that the Himalayas' uplift may offset some sediment-induced mass loss. This understanding is vital for accurate water storage trend assessments and sustainable groundwater management.
Oscar M. Baez-Villanueva, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Diego G. Miralles, Hylke E. Beck, Jonatan F. Siegmund, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Koen Verbist, René Garreaud, Juan Pablo Boisier, and Mauricio Galleguillos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1415–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Various drought indices exist, but there is no consensus on which index to use to assess streamflow droughts. This study addresses meteorological, soil moisture, and snow indices along with their temporal scales to assess streamflow drought across hydrologically diverse catchments. Using data from 100 Chilean catchments, findings suggest that there is not a single drought index that can be used for all catchments and that snow-influenced areas require drought indices with larger temporal scales.
Eliot Sicaud, Daniel Fortier, Jean-Pierre Dedieu, and Jan Franssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 65–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-65-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-65-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For vast northern watersheds, hydrological data are often sparse and incomplete. Our study used remote sensing and clustering to produce classifications of the George River watershed (GRW). Results show two types of subwatersheds with different hydrological behaviors. The GRW experienced a homogenization of subwatershed types likely due to an increase in vegetation productivity, which could explain the measured decline of 1 % (~0.16 km3 y−1) in the George River’s discharge since the mid-1970s.
Jingkai Xie, Yue-Ping Xu, Hongjie Yu, Yan Huang, and Yuxue Guo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5933–5954, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5933-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5933-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring extreme flood events has long been a hot topic for hydrologists and decision makers around the world. In this study, we propose a new index incorporating satellite observations combined with meteorological data to monitor extreme flood events at sub-monthly timescales for the Yangtze River basin (YRB), China. The conclusions drawn from this study provide important implications for flood hazard prevention and water resource management over this region.
Johannes Larson, William Lidberg, Anneli M. Ågren, and Hjalmar Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrain indices constitute a good candidate for modelling the spatial variation of soil moisture conditions in many landscapes. In this study, we evaluate nine terrain indices on varying DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds with validation using an extensive field soil moisture class inventory. We demonstrate the importance of field validation for selecting the appropriate DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds and that failing to do so can result in ambiguous and incorrect results.
Benjamin Kitambo, Fabrice Papa, Adrien Paris, Raphael M. Tshimanga, Stephane Calmant, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Frederic Frappart, Melanie Becker, Mohammad J. Tourian, Catherine Prigent, and Johary Andriambeloson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1857–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1857-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1857-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a better characterization of surface hydrology variability in the Congo River basin, the second largest river system in the world. We jointly use a large record of in situ and satellite-derived observations to monitor the spatial distribution and different timings of the Congo River basin's annual flood dynamic, including its peculiar bimodal pattern.
Stefan Schlaffer, Marco Chini, Wouter Dorigo, and Simon Plank
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 841–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-841-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-841-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Prairie wetlands are important for biodiversity and water availability. Knowledge about their variability and spatial distribution is of great use in conservation and water resources management. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the classification of small water bodies from satellite radar images and apply it to our study area over 6 years. The retrieved dynamics show the different responses of small and large wetlands to dry and wet periods.
Haruko M. Wainwright, Sebastian Uhlemann, Maya Franklin, Nicola Falco, Nicholas J. Bouskill, Michelle E. Newcomer, Baptiste Dafflon, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, Burke J. Minsley, Kenneth H. Williams, and Susan S. Hubbard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 429–444, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-429-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-429-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper has developed a tractable approach for characterizing watershed heterogeneity and its relationship with key functions such as ecosystem sensitivity to droughts and nitrogen export. We have applied clustering methods to classify hillslopes into
watershed zonesthat have distinct distributions of bedrock-to-canopy properties as well as key functions. This is a powerful approach for guiding watershed experiments and sampling as well as informing hydrological and biogeochemical models.
Gopal Penny, Zubair A. Dar, and Marc F. Müller
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 375–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-375-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop an empirical approach to attribute declining streamflow in the Upper Jhelum watershed, a key subwatershed of the transboundary Indus basin. We find that a loss of streamflow since the year 2000 resulted primarily due to interactions among vegetation and groundwater in response to climate rather than local changes in land use, revealing the climate sensitivity of this Himalayan watershed.
Oscar M. Baez-Villanueva, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Pablo A. Mendoza, Ian McNamara, Hylke E. Beck, Joschka Thurner, Alexandra Nauditt, Lars Ribbe, and Nguyen Xuan Thinh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5805–5837, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most rivers worldwide are ungauged, which hinders the sustainable management of water resources. Regionalisation methods use information from gauged rivers to estimate streamflow over ungauged ones. Through hydrological modelling, we assessed how the selection of precipitation products affects the performance of three regionalisation methods. We found that a precipitation product that provides the best results in hydrological modelling does not necessarily perform the best for regionalisation.
Ulrike Falk and Adrián Silva-Busso
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3227–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3227-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3227-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on the groundwater flow aspects of a small hydrological catchment at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. This region has experienced drastic climatological changes in the recent past. The basin is representative for the rugged coastline of the peninsula. It is discussed as a case study for possible future evolution of similar basins further south. Results include a quantitative analysis of glacial and groundwater contribution to total discharge into coastal waters.
Rui Tong, Juraj Parajka, Andreas Salentinig, Isabella Pfeil, Jürgen Komma, Borbála Széles, Martin Kubáň, Peter Valent, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Wolfgang Wagner, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1389–1410, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1389-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1389-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a new and experimental version of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil water index data set and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) C6 snow cover products for multiple objective calibrations of the TUWmodel in 213 catchments of Austria. Combined calibration to runoff, satellite soil moisture, and snow cover improves runoff (40 % catchments), soil moisture (80 % catchments), and snow (~ 100 % catchments) simulation compared to traditional calibration to runoff only.
Mo Zhang, Wenjiao Shi, and Ziwei Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2505–2526, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2505-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2505-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We systematically compared 45 models for direct and indirect soil texture classification and soil particle size fraction interpolation based on 5 machine-learning models and 3 log-ratio transformation methods. Random forest showed powerful performance in both classification of imbalanced data and regression assessment. Extreme gradient boosting is more meaningful and computationally efficient when dealing with large data sets. The indirect classification and log-ratio methods are recommended.
Florian U. Jehn, Konrad Bestian, Lutz Breuer, Philipp Kraft, and Tobias Houska
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1081–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1081-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1081-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We grouped 643 rivers from the United States into 10 behavioral groups based on their hydrological behavior (e.g., how much water they transport overall). Those groups are aligned with the ecoregions in the United States. Depending on the groups’ location and other characteristics, either snow, aridity or seasonality is most important for the behavior of the rivers in a group. We also find that very similar river behavior can be found in rivers far apart and with different characteristics.
Katrina E. Bennett, Jessica E. Cherry, Ben Balk, and Scott Lindsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2439–2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2439-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2439-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Remotely sensed snow observations may improve operational streamflow forecasting in remote regions, such as Alaska. In this study, we insert remotely sensed observations of snow extent into the operational framework employed by the US National Weather Service’s Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center. Our work indicates that the snow observations can improve snow estimates and streamflow forecasting. This work provides direction for forecasters to implement remote sensing in their operations.
Cecile M. M. Kittel, Karina Nielsen, Christian Tøttrup, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1453–1472, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1453-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1453-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we integrate free, global Earth observations in a user-friendly and flexible model to reliably characterize an otherwise unmonitored river basin. The proposed model is the best baseline characterization of the Ogooué basin in light of available observations. Furthermore, the study shows the potential of using new, publicly available Earth observations and a suitable model structure to obtain new information in poorly monitored or remote areas and to support user requirements.
Gopal Penny, Veena Srinivasan, Iryna Dronova, Sharachchandra Lele, and Sally Thompson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 595–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-595-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-595-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Water resources in the Arkavathy watershed in southern India are changing due to human modification of the landscape, including changing agricultural practices and urbanization. We analyze surface water resources in man-made lakes in satellite imagery over a period of 4 decades and find drying in the northern part of the watershed (characterized by heavy agriculture) and wetting downstream of urban areas. Drying in the watershed is associated with groundwater-irrigated agriculture.
Gorka Mendiguren, Julian Koch, and Simon Stisen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5987–6005, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5987-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5987-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The present study is focused on the spatial pattern evaluation of two models and describes the similarities and dissimilarities. It also discusses the factors that generate these patterns and proposes similar new approaches to minimize the differences. The study points towards a new approach in which the spatial component of the hydrological model is also calibrated and taken into account.
Henning Oppel and Andreas Schumann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4259–4282, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4259-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4259-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
How can we evaluate the heterogeneity of natural watersheds and how can we assess its spatial organization? How can we make use of this information for hydrological models and is it beneficial to our models? We propose a method display and assess the interaction of catchment characteristics with the flow path which we defined as the ordering scheme within a basin. A newly implemented algorithm brings this information to the set-up of a model and our results show an increase in model performance.
Lu Zhuo and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3267–3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3267-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3267-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable estimation of hydrological soil moisture state is of critical importance in operational hydrology to improve the flood prediction and hydrological cycle description. This paper attempts for the first time to build a soil moisture product directly applicable to hydrology using multiple data sources retrieved from remote sensing and land surface modelling. The result shows a significant improvement of the soil moisture state accuracy; the method can be easily applied in other catchments.
Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, Alexandra Nauditt, Christian Birkel, Koen Verbist, and Lars Ribbe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1295–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1295-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1295-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work exhaustively evaluates – for the first time – the suitability of seven state-of-the-art satellite-based rainfall estimates (SREs) over the complex topography and diverse climatic gradients of Chile.
Several indices of performance are used for different timescales and elevation zones. Our analysis reveals what SREs are in closer agreement to ground-based observations and what indices allow for understanding mismatches in shape, magnitude, variability and intensity of precipitation.
Yun Yang, Martha C. Anderson, Feng Gao, Christopher R. Hain, Kathryn A. Semmens, William P. Kustas, Asko Noormets, Randolph H. Wynne, Valerie A. Thomas, and Ge Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1017–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1017-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1017-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work explores the utility of a thermal remote sensing based MODIS/Landsat ET data fusion procedure over a mixed forested/agricultural landscape in North Carolina, USA. The daily ET retrieved at 30 m resolution agreed well with measured fluxes in a clear-cut and a mature pine stand. An accounting of consumptive water use by land cover classes is presented, as well as relative partitioning of ET between evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components.
Domenico Guida, Albina Cuomo, and Vincenzo Palmieri
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3493–3509, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3493-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3493-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The authors apply an object-based geomorphometric procedure to define the runoff contribution areas. The results enabled us to identify the contribution area related to the different runoff components activated during the storm events through an advanced hydro-chemical analysis. This kind of approach could be useful applied to similar, rainfall-dominated, forested and no-karst Mediterranean catchments.
Nutchanart Sriwongsitanon, Hongkai Gao, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Ekkarin Maekan, Sirikanya Saengsawang, and Sansarith Thianpopirug
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3361–3377, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3361-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrated that the readily available NDII remote sensing product is a very useful proxy for moisture storage in the root zone of vegetation. We compared the temporal variation of the NDII with the root zone storage in a hydrological model of eight catchments in the Upper Ping River in Thailand, yielding very good results. Having a reliable NDII product that can help us to estimate the actual moisture storage in catchments is a major contribution to prediction in ungauged basins.
Cheng-Zhi Qin, Xue-Wei Wu, Jing-Chao Jiang, and A-Xing Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3379–3392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3379-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Application of digital terrain analysis (DTA), which is typically a modeling process involving workflow building, relies heavily on DTA domain knowledge. However, the DTA knowledge has not been formalized well to be available for inference in automatic tools. We propose a case-based methodology to solve this problem. This methodology can also be applied to other domains of geographical modeling with a similar situation.
Patricia López López, Niko Wanders, Jaap Schellekens, Luigi J. Renzullo, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3059–3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3059-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3059-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We perform a joint assimilation experiment of high-resolution satellite soil moisture and discharge observations in the Murrumbidgee River basin with a large-scale hydrological model. Additionally, we study the impact of high- and low-resolution meteorological forcing on the model performance. We show that the assimilation of high-resolution satellite soil moisture and discharge observations has a significant impact on discharge simulations and can bring them closer to locally calibrated models.
Zhi Wei Li, Guo An Yu, Gary Brierley, and Zhao Yin Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3013–3025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3013-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3013-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Influence of vegetation upon bedload transport and channel morphodynamics is examined along a channel stability gradient ranging from meandering to anabranching to anabranching–braided to fully braided planform conditions along trunk and tributary reaches of the Yellow River source zone in western China. This innovative work reveals complex interactions between channel planform, bedload transport capacity, sediment supply in the flood season, and the hydraulic role of vegetation.
W. Qi, C. Zhang, G. Fu, C. Sweetapple, and H. Zhou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 903–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-903-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-903-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Six precipitation products, including TRMM3B42, TRMM3B42RT, GLDAS/Noah, APHRODITE, PERSIANN, and GSMAP-MVK+, are investigated in the usually neglected area of NE China, and a framework is developed to quantify the contributions of uncertainties from precipitation products, hydrological models, and their interactions to uncertainty in simulated discharges. It is found that interactions between hydrological models and precipitation products contribute significantly to uncertainty in discharge.
A. Molina, V. Vanacker, E. Brisson, D. Mora, and V. Balthazar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4201–4213, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4201-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Andean catchments play a key role in the provision of freshwater resources. The development of megacities in the inter-Andean valleys raises severe concerns about growing water scarcity. This study is one of the first long-term (1970s-now) analyses of the role of land cover and climate change on provision and regulation of streamflow in the tropical Andes. Forest conversion had the largest impact on streamflow, leading to a 10 % net decrease in streamflow over the last 40 years.
D. Shen, J. Wang, X. Cheng, Y. Rui, and S. Ye
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3605–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3605-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3605-2015, 2015
M. A. Matin and C. P.-A. Bourque
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3387–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3387-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3387-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a methodology in analysing the interdependencies between components of the hydrological cycle and vegetation characteristics at different elevation zones of two endorheic river basins in an arid-mountainous region of NW China. The analysis shows that oasis vegetation has an important function in sustaining the water cycle in the river basins and oasis vegetation is dependent on surface and shallow subsurface water flow from mountain sources.
L. Hao, G. Sun, Y. Liu, J. Wan, M. Qin, H. Qian, C. Liu, J. Zheng, R. John, P. Fan, and J. Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3319–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3319-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3319-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The role of land cover in affecting hydrologic and environmental changes in the humid region in southern China is not well studied. We found that high flows and low flows increased and evapotranspiration decreased due to urbanization in the Qinhuai River basin. Urbanization masked climate warming effects in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed in altering long-term hydrology. Flooding risks and heat island effects are expected to rise due to urbanization.
E. A. Sproles, S. G. Leibowitz, J. T. Reager, P. J. Wigington Jr, J. S. Famiglietti, and S. D. Patil
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3253–3272, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3253-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3253-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper demonstrates how data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) can be used to describe the relationship between water stored at the regional scale and stream flow. Additionally, we employ GRACE as a regional-scale indicator to successfully predict stream flow later in the water year. Our work focuses on the Columbia River Basin (North America), but is widely applicable across the globe, and could prove to be particularly useful in regions with limited hydrological data.
A. Rouillard, G. Skrzypek, S. Dogramaci, C. Turney, and P. F. Grierson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2057–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2057-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2057-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed a 100-year monthly history of flooding and drought of a large wetland in arid northwest Australia, using hydroclimatic data calibrated against 25 years of satellite images. Severe and intense regional rainfall, as well as the sequence of events, determined surface water expression on the floodplain. While inter-annual variability was high, changes to the flood regime over the last 20 years suggest the wetland may become more persistent in response to the observed rainfall trend.
B. Müller, M. Bernhardt, and K. Schulz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5345–5359, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5345-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5345-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to define hydrological landscape units by a time series of thermal infrared satellite data. Land surface temperature is calculated for 28 images in 12 years for a catchment in Luxembourg. Pattern measures show spatio-temporal persistency; principle component analysis extracts relevant patterns. Functional units represent similar behaving entities based on a representative set of images. Resulting classification and patterns are discussed regarding potential applications.
F. F. Worku, M. Werner, N. Wright, P. van der Zaag, and S. S. Demissie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3837–3853, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3837-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3837-2014, 2014
A. M. Ågren, W. Lidberg, M. Strömgren, J. Ogilvie, and P. A. Arp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3623–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3623-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3623-2014, 2014
N. Wanders, D. Karssenberg, A. de Roo, S. M. de Jong, and M. F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2343–2357, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2343-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2343-2014, 2014
J. K. Kiptala, M. L. Mul, Y. A. Mohamed, and P. van der Zaag
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2287–2303, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2287-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2287-2014, 2014
C. I. Michailovsky and P. Bauer-Gottwein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 997–1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-997-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-997-2014, 2014
T. Conradt, F. Wechsung, and A. Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2947–2966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2947-2013, 2013
M. El Bastawesy, R. Ramadan Ali, A. Faid, and M. El Osta
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1493–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1493-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1493-2013, 2013
A. C. V. Getirana and C. Peters-Lidard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 923–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-923-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-923-2013, 2013
Y. Tramblay, R. Bouaicha, L. Brocca, W. Dorigo, C. Bouvier, S. Camici, and E. Servat
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4375–4386, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4375-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4375-2012, 2012
J. Parajka, L. Holko, Z. Kostka, and G. Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2365–2377, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2365-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2365-2012, 2012
S. Peischl, J. P. Walker, C. Rüdiger, N. Ye, Y. H. Kerr, E. Kim, R. Bandara, and M. Allahmoradi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1697–1708, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1697-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1697-2012, 2012
S. Bircher, N. Skou, K. H. Jensen, J. P. Walker, and L. Rasmussen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1445–1463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1445-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1445-2012, 2012
J.-M. Kileshye Onema, A. E. Taigbenu, and J. Ndiritu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1435–1443, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1435-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1435-2012, 2012
S. Manfreda, T. Lacava, B. Onorati, N. Pergola, M. Di Leo, M. R. Margiotta, and V. Tramutoli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2839–2852, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2839-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2839-2011, 2011
M. Salvia, F. Grings, P. Ferrazzoli, V. Barraza, V. Douna, P. Perna, C. Bruscantini, and H. Karszenbaum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2679–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2679-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2679-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Abramowitz, G. and Gupta, H.: Toward a model space and model independence metric, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05705, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032834, 2008.
Alfieri, J. G., Anderson, M. C., Kustas, W. P., and Cammalleri, C.: Effect of the revisit interval and temporal upscaling methods on the accuracy of remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-83-2017, 2017.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, FAO, Rome, https://www.fao.org/3/x0490e/x0490e00.htm (last access: 7 September 2023), 1998.
Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., and Trezza, R.: Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) – Model, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 133, 380–394, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2007)133:4(380), 2007.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Howell, T. A., and Jensen, M. E.: Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy, Agr. Water Manage., 98, 899–920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.12.015, 2011a.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Howell, T. A., and Jensen, M. E.: Evapotranspiration information reporting: II. Recommended documentation, Agr. Water Manage., 98, 921–929, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.12.016, 2011b.
Anderson, M. C., Kustas, W. P., Norman, J. M., Hain, C. R., Mecikalski, J. R., Schultz, L., González-Dugo, M. P., Cammalleri, C., d'Urso, G., Pimstein, A., and Gao, F.: Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to continental scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci. 15, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-223-2011, 2011.
Badgley, G., Fisher, J. B., Jiménez, C., Tu, K. P., and Vinukollu, R.: On uncertainty in global terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates from choice of input forcing datasets, J. Hydrometeorol., 16, 1449–1455, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0040.1, 2015.
Baik, J., Liaqat, U. W., and Choi, M.: Assessment of satellite-and reanalysis-based evapotranspiration products with two blending approaches over the complex landscapes and climates of Australia, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 263, 388–398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.09.007, 2018.
Bambach, N., Kustas, W., Alfieri, J., Prueger, J., Hipps, L., McKee, L., Castro, S. J., Volk, J., Alsina, M. M., and McElrone, A. J.: Evapotranspiration uncertainty at micrometeorological scales: the impact of the eddy covariance energy imbalance and correction methods, Irrig Sci., 40, 445–461, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00783-1, 2022.
Barraza Bernadas, V., Grings, F., Restrepo-Coupe, N., and Huete, A.: Comparison of the performance of latent heat flux products over southern hemisphere forest ecosystems: estimating latent heat flux error structure using in situ measurements and the triple collocation method, Int. J. Remote Sens., 39, 6300–6315, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1458348, 2018.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Menenti, M., Feddes, R. A., and Holtslag, A. A. M.: A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). 1. Formulation, J. Hydrol., 212–213, 198–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00253-4, 1998.
Bayat, B., Camacho, F., Nickeson, J., Cosh, M., Bolten, J., Vereecken, H., and Montzka, C.: Toward operational validation systems for global satellite-based terrestrial essential climate variables, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 95, 102240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102240, 2021.
Bellocchi, G., Rivington, M., Donatelli, M., and Matthews, K.: Validation of Biophysical Models: Issues and Methodologies, in: Sustainable Agriculture Volume 2, edited by: Lichtfouse, E., Hamelin, M., Navarrete, M., and Debaeke, P., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 577–603, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_26, 2011.
Beven, K.: Facets of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty, non-stationarity, likelihood, hypothesis testing, and communication, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 61, 1652–1665, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1031761, 2016.
Bhattarai, N., Mallick, K., Stuart, J., Vishwakarma, B. D., Niraula, R., Sen, S., and Jain, M.: An automated multi-model evapotranspiration mapping framework using remotely sensed and reanalysis data, Remote Sens. Environ., 229, 69–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.026, 2019.
Bielecka, E. and Burek, E.: Spatial data quality and uncertainty publication patterns and trends by bibliometric analysis, Open Geosci., 11, 219–235, https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0018, 2019.
Bisquert, M., Sánchez, J. M., López-Urrea, R., and Caselles, V.: Estimating high resolution evapotranspiration from disaggregated thermal images, Remote Sens. Eenviron., 187, 423–433, 2016.
Blatchford, M. L., Mannaerts, C. M., Njuki, S. M., Nouri, H., Zeng, Y., Pelgrum, H., Wonink, S., and Karimi, P.: Evaluation of WaPOR V2 evapotranspiration products across Africa, Hydrol. Process., 34, 3200–3221, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13791, 2020.
Boergens, E., Kvas, A., Eicker, A., Dobslaw, H., Schawohl, L., Dahle, C., Murböck, M., and Flechtner, F.: Uncertainties of GRACE-Based Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies for Arbitrary Averaging Regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 127, e2021JB022081, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022081, 2022.
Budyko, M. I.: Climate and life, Academic Press, ISBN 0121394506, 1974.
Burchard-Levine, V., Nieto, H., Riaño, D., Migliavacca, M., El-Madany, T. S., Perez-Priego, O., Carrara, A., and Martín, M. P.: Seasonal adaptation of the thermal-based two-source energy balance model for estimating evapotranspiration in a semiarid tree-grass ecosystem, Remote Sens., 12, 904, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12060904, 2020.
Cao, M., Wang, W., Xing, W., Wei, J., Chen, X., Li, J., and Shao, Q.: Multiple sources of uncertainties in satellite retrieval of terrestrial actual evapotranspiration, J. Hydrol., 601, 126642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126642, 2021.
Cawse-Nicholson, K., Braverman, A., Kang, E. L., Li, M., Johnson, M., Halverson, G., Anderson, M., Hain, C., Gunson, M., and Hook, S.: Sensitivity and uncertainty quantification for the ECOSTRESS evapotranspiration algorithm – DisALEXI, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 89, 102088, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102088, 2020.
Chen, J. M. and Liu, J.: Evolution of evapotranspiration models using thermal and shortwave remote sensing data, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 111594, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111594, 2020.
Chen, X., Su, Z., Ma, Y., and Middleton, E. M.: Optimization of a remote sensing energy balance method over different canopy applied at global scale, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 279, 107633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107633, 2019.
Chen, Y., Xia, J., Liang, S., Feng, J., Fisher, J. B., Li, Xin, Li, Xianglan, Liu, S., Ma, Z., Miyata, A., Mu, Q., Sun, L., Tang, J., Wang, K., Wen, J., Xue, Y., Yu, G., Zha, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, T., Zhao, L., and Yuan, W.: Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration models over terrestrial ecosystems in China, Remote Sens. Environ., 140, 279–293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.045, 2014.
Courault, D., Seguin, B., and Olioso, A.: Review on estimation of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: From empirical to numerical modeling approaches, Irrig. Drain. Syst.., 19, 223–249, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-005-5186-0, 2005.
Cressie, N. A. C.: Statistics for Spatial Data (Revised Edition), John Wiley Sons, Inc., ISBN 1119115183, 1993.
Crosetto, M., Moreno Ruiz, J. A., and Crippa, B.: Uncertainty propagation in models driven by remotely sensed data, Remote Sens. Environ., 76, 373–385, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00184-5, 2001.
Elhag, M.: Inconsistencies of SEBS model output based on the model inputs: global sensitivity contemplations, J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 44, 435–442, 2016.
Elnashar, A., Wang, L., Wu, B., Zhu, W., and Zeng, H.: Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 447–480, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, 2021.
Ershadi, A., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., and Walker, J. P.: Effects of spatial aggregation on the multi-scale estimation of evapotranspiration, Remote Sens. Environ., 131, 51–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.007, 2013.
ESA – European Space Agency: User Guides – Sentinel-2 MSI – Processing Levels, https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-2-msi/processing-levels (last ccess: 22 February 2023), 2021.
FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 2, Remote Sensing for Water Productivity, Rome, ISBN 978-92-5-130057-2, https://www.fao.org/3/I8225EN/i8225en.pdf (lsat access: 18 December 2023), 2018.
Ferguson, C. R., Sheffield, J., Wood, E. F., and Gao, H.: Quantifying uncertainty in a remote sensing-based estimate of evapotranspiration over continental USA, Int. J. Remote Sens., 31, 3821–3865, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.483490, 2010.
Fisher, J. B., Tu, K. P., and Baldocchi, D. D.: Global estimates of the land–atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data, validated at 16 FLUXNET sites, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 901–919, 2008.
Fisher, J. B., Melton, F., Middleton, E., Hain, C., Anderson, M., Allen, R., McCabe, M. F., Hook, S., Baldocchi, D., Townsend, P. A., and Kilic, A.: The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources, Water Resour. Res., 53, 2618–2626, 2017.
FLUXNET: Site Summary, https://fluxnet.org/sites/site-summary (last access: 20 January 2023), 2017.
Fisher, J. B., Lee, B., Purdy, A. J., Halverson, G. H., Dohlen, M. B., Cawse-Nicholson, K., Wang, A., Anderson, R. G., Aragon, B., Arain, M. A., and Baldocchi, D. D.: ECOSTRESS: NASA's next generation mission to measure evapotranspiration from the international space station, Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR026058, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026058, 2020.
Foken, T.: The energy balance closure problem: An overview, Ecol. Appl., 18, 1351–1367, 2008.
Foody, G. M. and Atkinson, P. M.: Uncertainty in Remote Sensing and GIS, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-85924-7, 2003.
García, M., Sandholt, I., Ceccato, P., Ridler, M., Mougin, E., Kergoat, L., Morillas, L., Timouk, F., Fensholt, R., and Domingo, F.: Actual evapotranspiration in drylands derived from in-situ and satellite data: Assessing biophysical constraints, Remote Sens. Environ., 131, 103–118, 2013.
García-Santos, V., Sánchez, J. M., and Cuxart, J.: Evapotranspiration Acquired with Remote Sensing Thermal-Based Algorithms: A State-of-the-Art Review, Remote Sens., 14, 3440, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14143440, 2022.
Gentine, P., Entekhabi, D., Chehbouni, A., Boulet, G., and Duchemin, B.: Analysis of evaporative fraction diurnal behaviour, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 143, 13–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.11.002, 2007.
Glenn, E. P., Huete, A. R., Nagler, P. L., Hirschboeck, K. K., and Brown, P.: Integrating Remote Sensing and Ground Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 26, 139–168, https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680701402503, 2007.
Glenn, E. P., Nagler, P. L., and Huete, A. R.: Vegetation Index Methods for Estimating Evapotranspiration by Remote Sensing, Surv. Geophys., 31, 531–555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-010-9102-2, 2010.
Glenn, E. P., Doody, T. M., Guerschman, J. P., Huete, A. R., King, E. A., McVicar, T. R., Dijk, A. I. J. M. V., Niel, T. G. V., Yebra, M., and Zhang, Y.: Actual evapotranspiration estimation by ground and remote sensing methods: the Australian experience, Hydrol. Process., 25, 4103–4116, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8391, 2011.
Gomis-Cebolla, J., Jimenez, J. C., Sobrino, J. A., Corbari, C., and Mancini, M.: Intercomparison of remote-sensing based evapotranspiration algorithms over amazonian forests, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 80, 280–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2019.04.009, 2019.
Gowda, P. H., Chávez, J. L., Colaizzi, P. D., Evett, S. R., Howell, T. A., and Tolk, J. A.: Remote sensing based energy balance algorithms for mapping ET: current status and future challenges, T. ASABE, 50, 6, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.23964, 2007.
Guo, X., Yao, Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Jiang, B., Jia, K., Zhang, X., Xie, X., Zhang, L., Shang, K., and Yang, J.: Discrepancies in the simulated global terrestrial latent heat flux from glass and merra-2 surface net radiation products, Remote Sens., 12, 2763, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172763, 2020.
He, X., Xu, T., Xia, Y., Bateni, S. M., Guo, Z., Liu, S., Mao, K., Zhang, Y., Feng, H., and Zhao, J.: A Bayesian three-cornered hat (BTCH) method: improving the terrestrial evapotranspiration estimation, Remote Sens., 12, 878, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12050878, 2020.
Heuvelink, G. B. M.: Error Propagation in Environmental Modelling with GIS, CRC Press, London, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203016114, 1998.
Hoedjes, J. C. B., Chehbouni, A., Jacob, F., Ezzahar, J., and Boulet, G.: Deriving daily evapotranspiration from remotely sensed instantaneous evaporative fraction over olive orchard in semi-arid Morocco, J. Hydrol., 354, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.016, 2008.
JCGM – Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology: International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms, BIPM, Sèvres, France, https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf (last access: 15 December 2023), 2012.
Jiang, L., Zhang, B., Han, S., Chen, H., and Wei, Z.: Upscaling evapotranspiration from the instantaneous to the daily time scale: Assessing six methods including an optimized coefficient based on worldwide eddy covariance flux network, J. Hydrol., 596, 126135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126135, 2021.
Jiménez, C., Prigent, C., Mueller, B., Seneviratne, S. I., McCabe, M. F., Wood, E. F., Rossow, W. B., Balsamo, G., Betts, A. K., Dirmeyer, P. A., Fisher, J. B., Jung, M., Kanamitsu, M., Reichle, R. H., Reichstein, M., Rodell, M., Sheffield, J., Tu, K., and Wang, K.: Global intercomparison of 12 land surface heat flux estimates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D02102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014545, 2011.
Jung, H. C., Getirana, A., Arsenault, K. R., Holmes, T. R., and McNally, A.: Uncertainties in evapotranspiration estimates over West Africa, Remote Sens., 11, 892, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11080892, 2019.
Jung, M., Koirala, S., Weber, U., Ichii, K., Gans, F., Camps-Valls, G., Papale, D., Schwalm, C., Tramontana, G., and Reichstein, M.: The FLUXCOM ensemble of global land-atmosphere energy fluxes, Sci. Data, 6, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0076-8, 2019.
Kalma, J. D., McVicar, T. R., and McCabe, M. F.: Estimating Land Surface Evaporation: A Review of Methods Using Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature Data, Surv. Geophys., 29, 421–469, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-008-9037-z, 2008.
Karimi, P. and Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.: Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 19, 507–532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015.
Khan, M. S., Liaqat, U. W., Baik, J., and Choi, M.: Stand-alone uncertainty characterization of GLEAM, GLDAS and MOD16 evapotranspiration products using an extended triple collocation approach, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 252, 256–268, 2018.
Kibria, S., Masia, S., Sušnik, J., and Hessels, T. M.: Critical comparison of actual evapotranspiration estimates using ground based, remotely sensed, and simulated data in the USA, Agr. Water Manage., 248, 106753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106753, 2021.
Koppa, A. and Gebremichael, M.: A framework for validation of remotely sensed precipitation and evapotranspiration based on the Budyko hypothesis, Water Resour. Res., 53, 8487–8499, 2017.
Korzoun, V. I., Sokolov, A. A., Budyko, M. I., Voskresensky, K. P., Kalinin, G. P., Konoplyantsev, A. A., Korotkevich, E. S., Kuzin, P. S., and Lvovich, M. I.: World water balance and water resources of the earth, Stud. Rep. Hydrol., UNESCO, ISBN 9789231014970, 1978.
Kustas, W. P. and Norman, J. M.: Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 41, 495–516, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669609491522, 1996.
Kustas, W. P. and Norman, J. M.: Evaluation of soil and vegetation heat flux predictions using a simple two-source model with radiometric temperatures for partial canopy cover, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 94, 13–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00005-2, 1999.
Kvålseth, T. O.: Cautionary Note about R2, Am. Stat., 39, 279–285, https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1985.10479448, 1985.
Lehmann, F., Vishwakarma, B. D., and Bamber, J.: How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale?, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 26, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-35-2022, 2022.
Lex, A., Gehlenborg, N., Strobelt, H., Vuillemot, R., and Pfister, H.: UpSet: Visualization of Intersecting Sets, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., 20, 1983–1992, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346248, 2014.
Li, X., Xin, X., Jiao, J., Peng, Z., Zhang, H., Shao, S., and Liu, Q.: Estimating subpixel surface heat fluxes through applying temperature-sharpening methods to MODIS data, Remote Sens., 9, 836, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9080836, 2017.
Li, X., Liu, S., Li, H., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, Z., Xu, T., Song, L., Yang, X., Lu, Z., Wang, Z., and Guo, Z.: Intercomparison of Six Upscaling Evapotranspiration Methods: From Site to the Satellite Pixel, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 6777–6803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028422, 2018.
Li, Z.-L., Tang, R., Wan, Z., Bi, Y., Zhou, C., Tang, B., Yan, G., and Zhang, X.: A Review of Current Methodologies for Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation from Remotely Sensed Data, Sensors, 9, 3801–3853, https://doi.org/10.3390/s90503801, 2009.
Liang, S., Wang, K., Zhang, X., and Wild, M.: Review on Estimation of Land Surface Radiation and Energy Budgets From Ground Measurement, Remote Sensing and Model Simulations, IEEE J. Select. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., 3, 225–240, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2048556, 2010.
Liou, Y.-A. and Kar, S. K.: Evapotranspiration Estimation with Remote Sensing and Various Surface Energy Balance Algorithms – A Review, Energies 7, 2821–2849, https://doi.org/10.3390/en7052821, 2014.
Liu, S., Xu, Z., Song, L., Zhao, Q., Ge, Y., Xu, T., Ma, Y., Zhu, Z., Jia, Z., and Zhang, F.: Upscaling evapotranspiration measurements from multi-site to the satellite pixel scale over heterogeneous land surfaces, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 230–231, 97–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.04.008, 2016.
Liu, Z.: The accuracy of temporal upscaling of instantaneous evapotranspiration to daily values with seven upscaling methods, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 25, 4417–4433, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4417-2021, 2021.
Loew, A., Bell, W., Brocca, L., Bulgin, C. E., Burdanowitz, J., Calbet, X., Donner, R. V., Ghent, D., Gruber, A., Kaminski, T., Kinzel, J., Klepp, C., Lambert, J.-C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Schröder, M., and Verhoelst, T.: Validation practices for satellite-based Earth observation data across communities, Rev. Geophys., 55, 779–817, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000562, 2017.
Long, D., Singh, V. P., and Li, Z. L.: How sensitive is SEBAL to changes in input variables, domain size and satellite sensor?, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D21107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016542, 2011.
Long, D., Longuevergne, L., and Scanlon, B. R.: Uncertainty in evapotranspiration from land surface modeling, remote sensing, and GRACE satellites, Water Resour. Res., 50, 1131–1151, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014581, 2014.
López, O., Houborg, R., and McCabe, M. F.: Evaluating the hydrological consistency of evaporation products using satellite-based gravity and rainfall data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 323–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-323-2017, 2017.
Markwitz, C. and Siebicke, L.: Low-cost eddy covariance: a case study of evapotranspiration over agroforestry in Germany, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4677–4696, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4677-2019, 2019.
Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Lievens, H., van der Schalie, R., de Jeu, R. A. M., Fernández-Prieto, D., Beck, H. E., Dorigo, W. A., and Verhoest, N. E. C.: GLEAM v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1903–1925, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017, 2017.
Mayr, S., Kuenzer, C., Gessner, U., Klein, I., and Rutzinger, M.: Validation of Earth Observation Time-Series: A Review for Large-Area and Temporally Dense Land Surface Products, Remote Sens., 11, 2616, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11222616, 2019.
McColl, K. A., Vogelzang, J., Konings, A.G., Entekhabi, D., Piles, M., and Stoffelen, A.: Extended triple collocation: Estimating errors and correlation coefficients with respect to an unknown target, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6229–6236, 2014.
Melsen, L. A., Teuling, A. J., Torfs, P. J. J. F., Zappa, M., Mizukami, N., Mendoza, P. A., Clark, M. P., and Uijlenhoet, R.: Subjective modeling decisions can significantly impact the simulation of flood and drought events, J. Hydrol., 568, 1093–1104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.11.046, 2019.
Melton, F.S., Huntington, J., Grimm, R., Herring, J., Hall, M., Rollison, D., Erickson, T., Allen, R., Anderson, M., Fisher, J. B., Kilic, A., Senay, G. B., Volk, J., Hain, C., Johnson, L., Ruhoff, A., Blankenau, P., Bromley, M., Carrara, W., Daudert, B., Doherty, C., Dunkerly, C., Friedrichs, M., Guzman, A., Halverson, G., Hansen, J., Harding, J., Kang, Y., Ketchum, D., Minor, B., Morton, C., Ortega-Salazar, S., Ott, T., Ozdogan, M., ReVelle, P. M., Schull, M., Wang, C., Yang, Y., and Anderson, R. G.: OpenET: Filling a Critical Data Gap in Water Management for the Western United States, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 58, 971–994, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12956, 2021.
Miralles, D. G., Holmes, T. R. H., De Jeu, R. A. M., Gash, J. H., Meesters, A. G. C. A., and Dolman, A. J.: Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 453–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-453-2011, 2011a.
Miralles, D. G., De Jeu, R. A. M., Gash, J. H., Holmes, T. R. H., and Dolman, A. J.: Magnitude and variability of land evaporation and its components at the global scale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 967–981, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-967-2011, 2011b.
Mohammadi, S. and Cremaschi, S.: Efficiency of uncertainty propagation methods for moment estimation of uncertain model outputs, Comput. Chem. Eng., 166, 107954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107954, 2022.
Mohan, M. M. P., Kanchirapuzha, R., and Varma, M. R. R.: Review of approaches for the estimation of sensible heat flux in remote sensing-based evapotranspiration models, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 14, 041501, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.14.041501, 2020.
Montanari, A.: What do we mean by `uncertainty'? The need for a consistent wording about uncertainty assessment in hydrology, Hydrol. Process., 21, 841–845, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6623, 2007.
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, in: Symposia of the society for experimental biology, Vol. 19, CUP – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 205–234, https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/8v5v7 (last access: 18 December 2023), 1965.
Mu, Q., Heinsch, F. A., Zhao, M., and Running, S. W.: Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data, Remote Sens. Environ., 111, 519–536, 2007.
Mu, Q., Zhao, M., and Running, S. W.: Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 1781–1800, 2011.
Mueller, B., Hirschi, M., Jimenez, C., Ciais, P., Dirmeyer, P. A., Dolman, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jung, M., Ludwig, F., Maignan, F., and Miralles, D. G.: Benchmark products for land evapotranspiration: LandFlux-EVAL multi-data set synthesis, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 17, 3707–3720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3707-2013, 2013.
NASA – The National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Data Processing Levels|Earthdata, https://earthdata.nasa.gov/collaborate/open-data-services-and-software/data-information-policy/data-levels/ (last access: 22 February 2023), 2021.
Nearing, G. S., Tian, Y., Gupta, H. V., Clark, M. P., Harrison, K. W., and Weijs, S. V.: A philosophical basis for hydrological uncertainty, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 61, 1666–1678, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1183009, 2016.
Oliphant, A. J.: Terrestrial ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2, water and energy from FLUXNET; review and meta-analysis of a global in-situ observatory, Geogr. Compass, 6, 689–705, https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12009, 2012.
Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., and Belitz, K.: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences, Science, 263, 641–646, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5147.641, 1994.
Pan, S., Pan, N., Tian, H., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Shi, H., Arora, V. K., Haverd, V., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., and Lienert, S.: Evaluation of global terrestrial evapotranspiration using state-of-the-art approaches in remote sensing, machine learning and land surface modeling, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 24, 1485–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1485-2020, 2020.
Pardo, N., Sánchez, M. L., Timmermans, J., Su, Z., Pérez, I. A., and García, M. A.: SEBS validation in a Spanish rotating crop, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 195, 132–142, 2014.
Peng, Z. Q., Xin, X., Jiao, J. J., Zhou, T., and Liu, Q.: Remote sensing algorithm for surface evapotranspiration considering landscape and statistical effects on mixed pixels, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4409–4438, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4409-2016, 2016.
Pickering, C. and Byrne, J.: The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers, High Educ. Res. Dev., 33, 534–548, https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651, 2014.
Povey, A. C. and Grainger, R. G.: Known and unknown unknowns: uncertainty estimation in satellite remote sensing, Atmosp. Meas. Tech., 8, 4699–4718, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4699-2015, 2015.
Premoli, A. and Tavella, P.: A revisited three-cornered hat method for estimating frequency standard instability, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas., 42, 7–13, 1993.
Razavi, S. and Gupta, H. V.: What do we mean by sensitivity analysis? The need for comprehensive characterization of “global” sensitivity in Earth and Environmental systems models, Water Resour. Res., 51, 3070–3092, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016527, 2015.
Rwasoka, D. T., Gumindoga, W., and Gwenzi, J.: Estimation of actual evapotranspiration using the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) algorithm in the Upper Manyame catchment in Zimbabwe, Phys. Chem. Earth Pt. A/B/C, 36, 736–746, 2011.
Saltelli, A., Aleksankina, K., Becker, W., Fennell, P., Ferretti, F., Holst, N., Li, S., and Wu, Q.: Why so many published sensitivity analyses are false: A systematic review of sensitivity analysis practices, Environ. Model. Softw., 114, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.01.012, 2019.
Saltelli, A., Jakeman, A., Razavi, S., and Wu, Q.: Sensitivity analysis: A discipline coming of age, Environ. Model. Softw., 146, 105226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105226, 2021.
Schoups, G. and Nasseri, M.: GRACEfully closing the water balance: A data-driven probabilistic approach applied to river basins in Iran, Water Resour. Res., 57, e2020WR029071, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029071, 2021.
Senay, G. B., Leake, S., Nagler, P. L., Artan, G., Dickinson, J., Cordova, J. T., and Glenn, E. P.: Estimating basin scale evapotranspiration (ET) by water balance and remote sensing methods, Hydrol. Process., 25, 4037–4049, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8379, 2011.
Senay, G. B., Bohms, S., Singh, R. K., Gowda, P. H., Velpuri, N. M., Alemu, H., and Verdin, J. P.: Operational evapotranspiration mapping using remote sensing and weather datasets: A new parameterization for the SSEB approach, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 49, 577–591, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12057, 2013.
Sharma, V., Kilic, A., and Irmak, S.: Impact of scale/resolution on evapotranspiration from Landsat and MODIS images, Water Resour. Res., 52, 1800–1819, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017772, 2016.
Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S.: Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 839–855, 1985.
Sjoberg, J. P., Anthes, R. A., and Rieckh, T.: The three-cornered hat method for estimating error variances of three or more atmospheric datasets. Part I: overview and evaluation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 38, 555–572, 2021.
Sobol, I. M.: Global sensitivity indices for nonlinear mathematical models and their Monte Carlo estimates, Math. Comput. Simul., 55, 271–280, 2001.
Stisen, S., Soltani, M., Mendiguren, G., Langkilde, H., Garcia, M., and Koch, J.: Spatial patterns in actual evapotranspiration climatologies for Europe, Remote Sens., 13, 2410, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122410, 2021.
Stoffelen, A.: Toward the true near-surface wind speed: Error modeling and calibration using triple collocation, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 103, 7755–7766, 1998.
Su, Z.: The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 6, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-85-2002, 2002.
Talsma, C. J., Good, S. P., Miralles, D. G., Fisher, J. B., Martens, B., Jimenez, C., and Purdy, A. J.: Sensitivity of evapotranspiration components in remote sensing-based models, Remote Sens., 10, 1601, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101601, 2018.
Taylor, J.: Introduction to Error Analysis, the Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements, in: 2nd Edn., University Science Books, ISBN 10:093570275X, 1997.
Trambauer, P., Dutra, E., Maskey, S., Werner, M., Pappenberger, F., Van Beek, L. P. H., and Uhlenbrook, S.: Comparison of different evaporation estimates over the African continent, Hydrol. Earth. Syst. Sci., 18, 193–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-193-2014, 2014.
Tran, B.: Systematic Quantitative Literature Review – Uncertainty assessment of Evapotranspiration Remote Sensing, 4TU.ResearchData [data set], https://doi.org/10.4121/797dcaff-56e3-45ae-a931-f6f4a3135d26.v2, 2023.
Tran, B. and Mul, M.: Meta-analysis of Remotely sensed Evapotranspiration validation with Eddy Covariance, 4TU.ResearchData [data set], https://doi.org/10.4121/e6e1713a-0c2b-4775-a7f4-9e6e0b2cf40f.v2, 2023.
van de Schoot, R., de Bruin, J., Schram, R., Zahedi, P., de Boer, J., Weijdema, F., Kramer, B., Huijts, M., Hoogerwerf, M., Ferdinands, G., Harkema, A., Willemsen, J., Ma, Y., Fang, Q., Hindriks, S., Tummers, L., and Oberski, D. L.: An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews, Nat. Mach. Intel., 3, 125–133, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-00287-7, 2021.
Van Niel, T. G., McVicar, T. R., Roderick, M. L., van Dijk, A. I., Beringer, J., Hutley, L. B., and Van Gorsel, E.: Upscaling latent heat flux for thermal remote sensing studies: Comparison of alternative approaches and correction of bias, J. Hydrol., 468, 35–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.005, 2012.
Vendrame, N., Tezza, L., and Pitacco, A.: Comparison of sensible heat fluxes by large aperture scintillometry and eddy covariance over two contrasting–climate vineyards, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 288–289, 108002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108002, 2020.
Vinukollu, R. K., Wood, E. F., Ferguson, C. R., and Fisher, J. B.: Global estimates of evapotranspiration for climate studies using multi-sensor remote sensing data: Evaluation of three process-based approaches, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 801–823, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.006, 2011a.
Vinukollu, R. K., Meynadier, R., Sheffield, J., and Wood, E. F.: Multi-model, multi-sensor estimates of global evapotranspiration: Climatology, uncertainties and trends, Hydrol. Process., 25, 3993–4010, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8393, 2011b.
Wadoux, A. M. J.-C., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Uijlenhoet, R., and de Bruin, S.: Optimization of rain gauge sampling density for river discharge prediction using Bayesian calibration, Peer J., 8, e9558, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9558, 2020.
Wang, J., Zhuang, J., Wang, W., Liu, S., and Xu, Z.: Assessment of Uncertainties in Eddy Covariance Flux Measurement Based on Intensive Flux Matrix of HiWATER-MUSOEXE, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 12, 259–263, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2014.2334703, 2015.
Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000373, 2012.
Wang, Y. Q., Xiong, Y. J., Qiu, G. Y., and Zhang, Q. T.: Is scale really a challenge in evapotranspiration estimation? A multi-scale study in the Heihe oasis using thermal remote sensing and the three-temperature model, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 230, 128–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.007, 2016.
Weerasinghe, I., Bastiaanssen, W., Mul, M., Jia, L., and van Griensven, A.: Can we trust remote sensing evapotranspiration products over Africa?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1565–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, 2020.
Wilson, K., Goldstein, A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H., Field, C., and Grelle, A.: Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 113, 223–243, 2002.
Woodcock, C. E.: Uncertainty in Remote Sensing, in: Uncertainty in Remote Sensing and GIS, edited by: Foody, G. M. and Atkinson, P. M., John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN 0470844086, 2002.
Wu, X., Xiao, Q., Wen, J., You, D., and Hueni, A.: Advances in quantitative remote sensing product validation: Overview and current status, Earth-Sci. Rev., 196, 102875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102875, 2019a.
Wu, X., Xiao, Q., Wen, J., and You, D.: Direct comparison and triple collocation: Which is more reliable in the validation of coarse-scale satellite surface albedo products, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 5198–5213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029937, 2019b.
Xu, T., Liu, S., Xu, L., Chen, Y., Jia, Z., Xu, Z., and Nielson, J.: Temporal upscaling and reconstruction of thermal remotely sensed instantaneous evapotranspiration, Remote Sens., 7, 3400–3425, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70303400, 2015.
Xu, T., Guo, Z., Xia, Y., Ferreira, V. G., Liu, S., Wang, K., Yao, Y., Zhang, X., and Zhao, C.: Evaluation of twelve evapotranspiration products from machine learning, remote sensing and land surface models over conterminous United States, J. Hydrol., 578, 124105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124105, 2019.
Yang, X., Tian, S., You, W., and Jiang, Z.: Reconstruction of continuous GRACE/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage anomalies based on time series decomposition, J. Hydrol., 603, 127018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127018, 2021.
Yao, Y., Liang, S., Li, X., Hong, Y., Fisher, J. B., Zhang, N., Chen, J., Cheng, J., Zhao, S., Zhang, X., and Jiang, B.: Bayesian multimodel estimation of global terrestrial latent heat flux from eddy covariance, meteorological, and satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 4521–4545, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020864, 2014.
Yao, Y., Liang, S., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Jia, K., Zhang, X., Fisher, J. B., Wang, X., Zhang, L., and Xu, J.: Estimation of high-resolution terrestrial evapotranspiration from Landsat data using a simple Taylor skill fusion method, J. Hydrol., 553, 508–526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.013, 2017.
Yebra, M., Van Dijk, A., Leuning, R., Huete, A., and Guerschman, J. P.: Evaluation of optical remote sensing to estimate actual evapotranspiration and canopy conductance, Remote Sens. Environ., 129, 250–261, 2013.
Zeng, Y., Su, Z., Calvet, J.-C., Manninen, T., Swinnen, E., Schulz, J., Roebeling, R., Poli, P., Tan, D., Riihelä, A., Tanis, C.-M., Arslan, A.-N., Obregon, A., Kaiser-Weiss, A., John, V. O., Timmermans, W., Timmermans, J., Kaspar, F., Gregow, H., Barbu, A.-L., Fairbairn, D., Gelati, E., and Meurey, C.: Analysis of current validation practices in Europe for space-based climate data records of essential climate variables, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 42, 150–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.06.006, 2015.
Zhang, K., Kimball, J. S., and Running, S. W.: A review of remote sensing based actual evapotranspiration estimation, Wiley Interdisciplin. Rev.: Water, 3, 834–853, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1168, 2016.
Zhang, K., Zhu, G., Ma, J., Yang, Y., Shang, S., and Gu, C.: Parameter analysis and estimates for the MODIS evapotranspiration algorithm and multiscale verification, Water Resour. Res., 55, 2211–2231, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023485, 2019.
Zhang, X., Wu, J., Wu, H., Chen, H., and Zhang, T.: Improving temporal extrapolation for daily evapotranspiration using radiation measurements, J. Appl. Remote Sens., 7, 073538, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.7.073538, 2013.
Executive editor
This review paper constitutes a tremendous effort reviewing and analyzing a vast body of literature on the evaluation of Satellite Remote Sensing-based evapotranspiration datasets. It is a great road map for this field of research guiding all future such studies toward the use of community-based best practices.
This review paper constitutes a tremendous effort reviewing and analyzing a vast body of...
Short summary
Satellite data are increasingly used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) or the amount of water moving from plants, soils, and water bodies into the atmosphere over large areas. Uncertainties from various sources affect the accuracy of these calculations. This study reviews the methods to assess the uncertainties of such ET estimations. It provides specific recommendations for a comprehensive assessment that assists in the potential uses of these data for research, monitoring, and management.
Satellite data are increasingly used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) or the amount of water...
