Articles | Volume 22, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4329-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4329-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Aug 2018
Research article |
| 16 Aug 2018
| 16 Aug 2018
Evaluation of Doppler radar and GTS data assimilation for NWP rainfall prediction of an extreme summer storm in northern China: from the hydrological perspective
Jia Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Jiyang Tian
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Denghua Yan
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Chuanzhe Li
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Fuliang Yu
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Feifei Shen
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
Related authors
Jiyang Tian, Jia Liu, Yang Wang, Wei Wang, Chuanzhe Li, and Chunqi Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3933–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3933-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3933-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate coupling scale of the coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system, which is established by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the gridded Hebei model with different sizes. The results show that the flood simulation results may not always be improved with higher-dimension precision and a more complicated system, and the grid size selection has a strong relationship with the rainfall evenness.
Qingtai Qiu, Jia Liu, Chuanzhe Li, Xinzhe Yu, and Yang Wang
Proc. IAHS, 379, 249–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-249-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-249-2018, 2018
Jiyang Tian, Jia Liu, Denghua Yan, Chuanzhe Li, and Fuliang Yu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 563–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately simulating and predicting the precipitation by numerical weather prediction is a difficult task for medium-sized catchments in semi-humid regions. This study shows that using multiphysics ensembles is a good method to reduce the uncertainties of rainfall simulation. This paper provides more guidance for choosing the physical parameterizations for accurate rainfall simulations of different storm types in semi-humid regions.
J. Liu and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3639–3659, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, 2013
J. Liu, M. Bray, and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3095–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, 2013
Ying Li, Chenghao Wang, Ru Huang, Denghua Yan, Hui Peng, and Shangbin Xiao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6413–6426, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spatial quantification of oceanic moisture contribution to the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contributes to the reliable assessments of regional water resources and the interpretation of paleo archives in the region. Based on atmospheric reanalysis datasets and numerical moisture tracking, this work reveals the previously underestimated oceanic moisture contributions brought by the westerlies in winter and the overestimated moisture contributions from the Indian Ocean in summer.
Baisha Weng, Zhaoyu Dong, Yuheng Yang, Denghua Yan, Mengyu Li, and Yuhang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1290, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1290, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The study selected a structural equation model to construct the turnover rate of amino sugars with soil physicochemical properties and extracellular enzymes under the warming and increased precipitation scenarios. The results of this study answer the mechanism of action of warming and precipitation on the effect of soil amino sugars which will play an important scientific and technical support role in the development of plateau agriculture and carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Tongtiegang Zhao, Haoling Chen, Yu Tian, Denghua Yan, Weixin Xu, Huayang Cai, Jiabiao Wang, and Xiaohong Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4233–4249, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper develops a novel set operations of coefficients of determination (SOCD) method to explicitly quantify the overlapping and differing information for GCM forecasts and ENSO teleconnection. Specifically, the intersection operation of the coefficient of determination derives the overlapping information for GCM forecasts and the Niño3.4 index, and then the difference operation determines the differing information in GCM forecasts (Niño3.4 index) from the Niño3.4 index (GCM forecasts).
Ying Li, Chenghao Wang, Hui Peng, Shangbin Xiao, and Denghua Yan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4759–4772, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation change in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) plays a critical role in the operation and regulation of the Three Gorges Dam and the protection of residents and properties. We investigated the long-term contribution of moisture sources to precipitation changes in this region with an atmospheric moisture tracking model. We found that southwestern source regions (especially the southeastern tip of the Tibetan Plateau) are the key regions that control TGRR precipitation changes.
Jiyang Tian, Ronghua Liu, Liuqian Ding, Liang Guo, and Bingyu Zhang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 723–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-723-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-723-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A typhoon always comes with heavy rainfall which leads to great loss. The aim of this study is to explore the reasonable use of Doppler radar data assimilation to correct the initial and lateral boundary conditions of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems for typhoon rainstorm forecasts at catchment scale. The results show that assimilating radial velocity at a time interval of 1 h can significantly improve the rainfall simulations and outperform the other assimilation modes.
Jiyang Tian, Jia Liu, Yang Wang, Wei Wang, Chuanzhe Li, and Chunqi Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3933–3949, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3933-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3933-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate coupling scale of the coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system, which is established by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the gridded Hebei model with different sizes. The results show that the flood simulation results may not always be improved with higher-dimension precision and a more complicated system, and the grid size selection has a strong relationship with the rainfall evenness.
Denghua Yan, Baisha Weng, Tianling Qin, Hao Wang, Xiangnan Li, Yuheng Yang, Kun Wang, Zhenyu Lv, Jianwei Wang, Meng Li, Shan He, Fang Liu, Shanshan Liu, Wuxia Bi, Ting Xu, Xiaoqing Shi, Zihao Man, Congwu Sun, Meiyu Liu, Mengke Wang, Yinghou Huang, Haoyu Long, Yongzhen Niu, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Mohammed Gedefaw, Abel Girma, and Asaminew Abiyu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-224, 2020
Publication in ESSD not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a complete data set of global water withdrawal. There is almost no continuous long series of water withdrawal data globally. Moreover, most of the data released by international organizations is based on national scale and lacks finer regional data. Therefore, appropriate methods are needed to modify the data. This dataset has important practical significance in promoting the harmonious and sustainable development of economy and resources of the world.
Wuxia Bi, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Meng Li, Zhilei Yu, Lin Wang, and Hao Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-185, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-185, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on solving the
land useand
water usecompetitions between lake-marsh wetland system and its surrounding socio-economic system, also inside the system. An optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method was proposed on considering the ecological services values and water shortage amount. We explored the optimal lake-marsh pattern in both annual and monthly scales. This study could provide references for the ecological spatial management and ecological water control.
Qingtai Qiu, Jia Liu, Chuanzhe Li, Xinzhe Yu, and Yang Wang
Proc. IAHS, 379, 249–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-249-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-249-2018, 2018
Jiyang Tian, Jia Liu, Denghua Yan, Chuanzhe Li, and Fuliang Yu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 563–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately simulating and predicting the precipitation by numerical weather prediction is a difficult task for medium-sized catchments in semi-humid regions. This study shows that using multiphysics ensembles is a good method to reduce the uncertainties of rainfall simulation. This paper provides more guidance for choosing the physical parameterizations for accurate rainfall simulations of different storm types in semi-humid regions.
B. S. Weng, D. H. Yan, H. Wang, J. H. Liu, Z. Y. Yang, T. L. Qin, and J. Yin
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1889–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1889-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1889-2015, 2015
B. B. Huang, D. H. Yan, H. Wang, B. F. Cheng, and X. H. Cui
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14463-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-14463-2013, 2013
Manuscript not accepted for further review
J. Liu and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3639–3659, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, 2013
J. Liu, M. Bray, and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3095–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, 2013
D. H. Yan, D. Wu, R. Huang, L. N. Wang, and G. Y. Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2859–2871, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2859-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2859-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Hydrometeorology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
On the combined use of rain gauges and GPM IMERG satellite rainfall products for hydrological modelling: impact assessment of the cellular-automata-based methodology in the Tanaro River basin in Italy
An increase in the spatial extent of European floods over the last 70 years
140-year daily ensemble streamflow reconstructions over 661 catchments in France
The agricultural expansion in South America's Dry Chaco: regional hydroclimate effects
Machine-learning-constrained projection of bivariate hydrological drought magnitudes and socioeconomic risks over China
Improving runoff simulation in the Western United States with Noah-MP and variable infiltration capacity
Spatial variability in the seasonal precipitation lapse rates in complex topographical regions – application in France
Assessing downscaling methods to simulate hydrologically relevant weather scenarios from a global atmospheric reanalysis: case study of the upper Rhône River (1902–2009)
Global total precipitable water variations and trends over the period 1958–2021
Assessing decadal- to centennial-scale nonstationary variability in meteorological drought trends
Identification of compound drought and heatwave events on a daily scale and across four seasons
Potential for historically unprecedented Australian droughts from natural variability and climate change
Multi-objective calibration and evaluation of the ORCHIDEE land surface model over France at high resolution
Flood risk assessment for Indian sub-continental river basins
Key ingredients in regional climate modelling for improving the representation of typhoon tracks and intensities
Divergent future drought projections in UK river flows and groundwater levels
Predicting extreme sub-hourly precipitation intensification based on temperature shifts
Assessing rainfall radar errors with an inverse stochastic modelling framework
Spatiotemporal responses of runoff to climate change on the southern Tibetan Plateau
FROSTBYTE: A reproducible data-driven workflow for probabilistic seasonal streamflow forecasting in snow-fed river basins across North America
Hydroclimatic processes as the primary drivers of the Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea: new developments
Accounting for hydroclimatic properties in flood frequency analysis procedures
Understanding the influence of “hot” models in climate impact studies: a hydrological perspective
A semi-parametric hourly space–time weather generator
A principal-component-based strategy for regionalisation of precipitation intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) statistics
Accounting for precipitation asymmetry in a multiplicative random cascade disaggregation model
Mapping soil moisture across the UK: assimilating cosmic-ray neutron sensors, remotely-sensed indices, rainfall radar and catchment water balance data in a Bayesian hierarchical model
Seasonal soil moisture and crop yield prediction with fifth-generation seasonal forecasting system (SEAS5) long-range meteorological forecasts in a land surface modelling approach
A genetic particle filter scheme for univariate snow cover assimilation into Noah-MP model across snow climates
Investigating the response of land–atmosphere interactions and feedbacks to spatial representation of irrigation in a coupled modeling framework
Validation of precipitation reanalysis products for rainfall-runoff modelling in Slovenia
Statistical post-processing of precipitation forecasts using circulation classifications and spatiotemporal deep neural networks
Sensitivity of the pseudo-global warming method under flood conditions: a case study from the northeastern US
Hybrid forecasting: blending climate predictions with AI models
Sensitivities of subgrid-scale physics schemes, meteorological forcing, and topographic radiation in atmosphere-through-bedrock integrated process models: a case study in the Upper Colorado River basin
Local moisture recycling across the globe
How well does a convection-permitting regional climate model represent the reverse orographic effect of extreme hourly precipitation?
Regionalisation of rainfall depth–duration–frequency curves with different data types in Germany
The suitability of a seasonal ensemble hybrid framework including data-driven approaches for hydrological forecasting
Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: long short-term memory neural networks clearly outperform traditional hydrological models
Daily ensemble river discharge reforecasts and real-time forecasts from the operational Global Flood Awareness System
Spatial distribution of oceanic moisture contributions to precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
Ensemble streamflow prediction considering the influence of reservoirs in Narmada River Basin, India
Declining water resources in response to global warming and changes in atmospheric circulation patterns over southern Mediterranean France
Linking the complementary evaporation relationship with the Budyko framework for ungauged areas in Australia
Risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under 1.5 and 2.0 °C warmer worlds – how anthropogenic aerosols change the story
Pan evaporation is increased by submerged macrophytes
Evaluation of water flux predictive models developed using eddy-covariance observations and machine learning: a meta-analysis
Characterizing basin-scale precipitation gradients in the Third Pole region using a high-resolution atmospheric simulation-based dataset
A comparison of hydrological models with different level of complexity in Alpine regions in the context of climate change
Annalina Lombardi, Barbara Tomassetti, Valentina Colaiuda, Ludovico Di Antonio, Paolo Tuccella, Mario Montopoli, Giovanni Ravazzani, Frank Silvio Marzano, Raffaele Lidori, and Giulia Panegrossi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3777–3797, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The accurate estimation of precipitation and its spatial variability within a watershed is crucial for reliable discharge simulations. The study is the first detailed analysis of the potential usage of the cellular automata technique to merge different rainfall data inputs to hydrological models. This work shows an improvement in the performance of hydrological simulations when satellite and rain gauge data are merged.
Beijing Fang, Emanuele Bevacqua, Oldrich Rakovec, and Jakob Zscheischler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3755–3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use grid-based runoff from a hydrological model to identify large spatiotemporally connected flood events in Europe, assess extent trends over the last 70 years, and attribute the trends to different drivers. Our findings reveal a general increase in flood extent, with regional variations driven by diverse factors. The study not only enables a thorough examination of flood events across multiple basins but also highlights the potential challenges arising from changing flood extents.
Alexandre Devers, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Claire Lauvernet, Olivier Vannier, and Laurie Caillouet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3457–3474, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3457-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3457-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Daily streamflow series for 661 near-natural French catchments are reconstructed over 1871–2012 using two ensemble datasets: HydRE and HydREM. They include uncertainties coming from climate forcings, streamflow measurement, and hydrological model error (for HydrREM). Comparisons with other hydrological reconstructions and independent/dependent observations show the added value of the two reconstructions in terms of quality, uncertainty estimation, and representation of extremes.
María Agostina Bracalenti, Omar V. Müller, Miguel A. Lovino, and Ernesto Hugo Berbery
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3281–3303, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Gran Chaco is a large, dry forest in South America that has been heavily deforested, particularly in the dry Chaco subregion. This deforestation, mainly driven by the expansion of the agricultural frontier, has changed the land's characteristics, affecting the local and regional climate. The study reveals that deforestation has resulted in reduced precipitation, soil moisture, and runoff, and if intensive agriculture continues, it could make summers in this arid region even drier and hotter.
Rutong Liu, Jiabo Yin, Louise Slater, Shengyu Kang, Yuanhang Yang, Pan Liu, Jiali Guo, Xihui Gu, Xiang Zhang, and Aliaksandr Volchak
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3305–3326, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change accelerates the water cycle and alters the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrological variables, thus complicating the projection of future streamflow and hydrological droughts. We develop a cascade modeling chain to project future bivariate hydrological drought characteristics over China, using five bias-corrected global climate model outputs under three shared socioeconomic pathways, five hydrological models, and a deep-learning model.
Lu Su, Dennis P. Lettenmaier, Ming Pan, and Benjamin Bass
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3079–3097, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We fine-tuned the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) and Noah-MP models across 263 river basins in the Western US. We developed transfer relationships to similar basins and extended the fine-tuned parameters to ungauged basins. Both models performed best in humid areas, and the skills improved post-calibration. VIC outperforms Noah-MP in all but interior dry basins following regionalization. VIC simulates annual mean streamflow and high flow well, while Noah-MP performs better for low flows.
Valentin Dura, Guillaume Evin, Anne-Catherine Favre, and David Penot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2579–2601, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2579-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2579-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in precipitation as a function of elevation is poorly understood in areas with complex topography. In this article, the reproduction of these orographic gradients is assessed with several precipitation products. The best product is a simulation from a convection-permitting regional climate model. The corresponding seasonal gradients vary significantly in space, with higher values for the first topographical barriers exposed to the dominant air mass circulations.
Caroline Legrand, Benoît Hingray, Bruno Wilhelm, and Martin Ménégoz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2139–2166, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is expected to increase flood hazard worldwide. The evolution is typically estimated from multi-model chains, where regional hydrological scenarios are simulated from weather scenarios derived from coarse-resolution atmospheric outputs of climate models. We show that two such chains are able to reproduce, from an atmospheric reanalysis, the 1902–2009 discharge variations and floods of the upper Rhône alpine river, provided that the weather scenarios are bias-corrected.
Nenghan Wan, Xiaomao Lin, Roger A. Pielke Sr., Xubin Zeng, and Amanda M. Nelson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2123–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global warming occurs at a rate of 0.21 K per decade, resulting in about 9.5 % K−1 of water vapor response to temperature from 1993 to 2021. Terrestrial areas experienced greater warming than the ocean, with a ratio of 2 : 1. The total precipitable water change in response to surface temperature changes showed a variation around 6 % K−1–8 % K−1 in the 15–55° N latitude band. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms leading to different water vapor responses.
Kyungmin Sung, Max C. A. Torbenson, and James H. Stagge
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2047–2063, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines centuries of nonstationary trends in meteorological drought and pluvial climatology. A novel approach merges tree-ring proxy data (North American Seasonal Precipitation Atlas – NASPA) with instrumental precipitation datasets by temporally downscaling proxy data, correcting biases, and analyzing shared trends in normal and extreme precipitation anomalies. We identify regions experiencing recent unprecedented shifts towards drier or wetter conditions and shifts in seasonality.
Baoying Shan, Niko E. C. Verhoest, and Bernard De Baets
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2065–2080, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a convenient and new method to identify the occurrence of droughts, heatwaves, and co-occurring droughts and heatwaves (CDHW) across four seasons. Using this method, we could establish the start and/or end dates of drought (or heatwave) events. We found an increase in the frequency of heatwaves and CDHW events in Belgium caused by climate change. We also found that different months have different chances of CDHW events.
Georgina M. Falster, Nicky M. Wright, Nerilie J. Abram, Anna M. Ukkola, and Benjamin J. Henley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1383–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-year droughts have severe environmental and economic impacts, but the instrumental record is too short to characterise multi-year drought variability. We assessed the nature of Australian multi-year droughts using simulations of the past millennium from 11 climate models. We show that multi-decadal
megadroughtsare a natural feature of the Australian hydroclimate. Human-caused climate change is also driving a tendency towards longer droughts in eastern and southwestern Australia.
Peng Huang, Agnès Ducharne, Lucia Rinchiuso, Jan Polcher, Laure Baratgin, Vladislav Bastrikov, and Eric Sauquet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-445, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-445, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a high-resolution hydrological simulation from 1959 to 2020 across France. We used a simple trial-and-error calibration to reduce the biases of the simulated water budget compared to observations. The selected simulation satisfactorily reproduces water fluxes, including their spatial contrasts and temporal trends. This work offers a thorough historical overview of water resources and a robust configuration for climate change impact analysis at the nationwide scale of France.
Urmin Vegad, Yadu Pokhrel, and Vimal Mishra
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1107–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A large population is affected by floods, which leave their footprints through human mortality, migration, and damage to agriculture and infrastructure, during almost every summer monsoon season in India. Despite the massive damage of floods, sub-basin level flood risk assessment is still in its infancy and needs to be improved. Using hydrological and hydrodynamic models, we reconstructed sub-basin level observed floods for the 1901–2020 period.
Qi Sun, Patrick Olschewski, Jianhui Wei, Zhan Tian, Laixiang Sun, Harald Kunstmann, and Patrick Laux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 761–780, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-761-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-761-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones (TCs) often cause high economic loss due to heavy winds and rainfall, particularly in densely populated regions such as the Pearl River Delta (China). This study provides a reference to set up regional climate models for TC simulations. They contribute to a better TC process understanding and assess the potential changes and risks of TCs in the future. This lays the foundation for hydrodynamical modelling, from which the cities' disaster management and defence could benefit.
Simon Parry, Jonathan D. Mackay, Thomas Chitson, Jamie Hannaford, Eugene Magee, Maliko Tanguy, Victoria A. Bell, Katie Facer-Childs, Alison Kay, Rosanna Lane, Robert J. Moore, Stephen Turner, and John Wallbank
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 417–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-417-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-417-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied drought in a dataset of possible future river flows and groundwater levels in the UK and found different outcomes for these two sources of water. Throughout the UK, river flows are likely to be lower in future, with droughts more prolonged and severe. However, whilst these changes are also found in some boreholes, in others, higher levels and less severe drought are indicated for the future. This has implications for the future balance between surface water and groundwater below.
Francesco Marra, Marika Koukoula, Antonio Canale, and Nadav Peleg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 375–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new physical-based method for estimating extreme sub-hourly precipitation return levels (i.e., intensity–duration–frequency, IDF, curves), which are critical for the estimation of future floods. The proposed model, named TENAX, incorporates temperature as a covariate in a physically consistent manner. It has only a few parameters and can be easily set for any climate station given sub-hourly precipitation and temperature data are available.
Amy Charlotte Green, Chris G. Kilsby, and András Bárdossy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-26, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Weather radar is a crucial tool in rainfall estimation, but radar rainfall estimates are subject to many error sources, with the true rainfall field unknown. A flexible model for simulating errors relating to the radar rainfall estimation process is implemented, inverting standard processing methods. This flexible and efficient model performs well at generating realistic weather radar images visually, for a large range of event types.
He Sun, Tandong Yao, Fengge Su, Wei Yang, and Deliang Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-11, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-11, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Our findings revealed runoff generation is dominated by rainfall runoff in the YZ, and the largest glacier runoff contribution is in the downstream sub-basin. Annual runoff trends indicate an increase in the NX but a decrease in the NX-BXK for 1971–2020, due to contrasting precipitation changes. Total runoff across the sub-basins will consistently increase through the 21st century, mostly resulting from increased rainfall runoff.
Louise Arnal, Martyn P. Clark, Alain Pietroniro, Vincent Vionnet, David R. Casson, Paul H. Whitfield, Vincent Fortin, Andrew W. Wood, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Brandi W. Newton, and Colleen Walford
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3040, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3040, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasting river flows months in advance is crucial for many water sectors and society. In N. America, snowmelt is a key driver of river flow. This study presents a statistical workflow using snow data to forecast flows months ahead in N. American snow-fed rivers. Variations in predictability across the continent are evident, raising concerns about future river flow predictability amid a changing (snow) climate. The reproducible workflow hosted on GitHub supports collaborative and open science.
Alexander Gelfan, Andrey Panin, Andrey Kalugin, Polina Morozova, Vladimir Semenov, Alexey Sidorchuk, Vadim Ukraintsev, and Konstantin Ushakov
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 241–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Paleogeographical data show that 17–13 ka BP, the Caspian Sea level was 80 m above the current level. There are large disagreements on the genesis of this “Great” Khvalynian transgression of the sea, and we tried to shed light on this issue. Using climate and hydrological models as well as the paleo-reconstructions, we proved that the transgression could be initiated solely by hydroclimatic factors within the deglaciation period in the absence of the glacial meltwater effect.
Joeri B. Reinders and Samuel E. Munoz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 217–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flooding presents a major hazard for people and infrastructure along waterways; however, it is challenging to study the likelihood of a flood magnitude occurring regionally due to a lack of long discharge records. We show that hydroclimatic variables like Köppen climate regions and precipitation intensity explain part of the variance in flood frequency distributions and thus reduce the uncertainty of flood probability estimates. This gives water managers a tool to locally improve flood analysis.
Mehrad Rahimpour Asenjan, Francois Brissette, Jean-Luc Martel, and Richard Arsenault
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4355–4367, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4355-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models are central to climate change impact studies. Some models project a future deemed too hot by many. We looked at how including hot models may skew the result of impact studies. Applied to hydrology, this study shows that hot models do not systematically produce hydrological outliers.
Ross Pidoto and Uwe Haberlandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3957–3975, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long continuous time series of meteorological variables (i.e. rainfall, temperature) are required for the modelling of floods. Observed time series are generally too short or not available. Weather generators are models that reproduce observed weather time series. This study extends an existing station-based rainfall model into space by enforcing observed spatial rainfall characteristics. To model other variables (i.e. temperature) the model is then coupled to a simple resampling approach.
Kajsa Maria Parding, Rasmus Emil Benestad, Anita Verpe Dyrrdal, and Julia Lutz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3719–3732, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves describe the likelihood of extreme rainfall and are used in hydrology and engineering, for example, for flood forecasting and water management. We develop a model to estimate IDF curves from daily meteorological observations, which are more widely available than the observations on finer timescales (minutes to hours) that are needed for IDF calculations. The method is applied to all data at once, making it efficient and robust to individual errors.
Kaltrina Maloku, Benoit Hingray, and Guillaume Evin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3643–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution precipitation data, needed for many applications in hydrology, are typically rare. Such data can be simulated from daily precipitation with stochastic disaggregation. In this work, multiplicative random cascades are used to disaggregate time series of 40 min precipitation from daily precipitation for 81 Swiss stations. We show that very relevant statistics of precipitation are obtained when precipitation asymmetry is accounted for in a continuous way in the cascade generator.
Peter E. Levy and the COSMOS-UK team
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2041, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2041, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Having accurate up-to-date maps of soil moisture is important for many purposes. However, current modelled and remotely-sensed maps are rather coarse and not very accurate. Here, we demonstrate a simple but accurate approach which is closely linked to direct measurements of soil moisture at a network sites across the UK, and to the water balance (precipitation minus drainage and evaporation) measured at a large number of catchments (1212), as well as to remotely-sensed satellite estimates.
Theresa Boas, Heye Reemt Bogena, Dongryeol Ryu, Harry Vereecken, Andrew Western, and Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3143–3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we tested the utility and skill of a state-of-the-art forecasting product for the prediction of regional crop productivity using a land surface model. Our results illustrate the potential value and skill of combining seasonal forecasts with modelling applications to generate variables of interest for stakeholders, such as annual crop yield for specific cash crops and regions. In addition, this study provides useful insights for future technical model evaluations and improvements.
Yuanhong You, Chunlin Huang, Zuo Wang, Jinliang Hou, Ying Zhang, and Peipei Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2919–2933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to investigate the performance of a genetic particle filter which was used as a snow data assimilation scheme across different snow climates. The results demonstrated that the genetic algorithm can effectively solve the problem of particle degeneration and impoverishment in a particle filter algorithm. The system has revealed a low sensitivity to the particle number in point-scale application of the ground snow depth measurement.
Patricia Lawston-Parker, Joseph A. Santanello Jr., and Nathaniel W. Chaney
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2787–2805, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Irrigation has been shown to impact weather and climate, but it has only recently been considered in prediction models. Prescribing where (globally) irrigation takes place is important to accurately simulate its impacts on temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Here, we evaluated three different irrigation maps in a weather model and found that the extent and intensity of irrigated areas and their boundaries are important drivers of weather impacts resulting from human practices.
Marcos Julien Alexopoulos, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Patrick Nistahl, Mojca Šraj, and Nejc Bezak
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2559–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
For rainfall-runoff simulation of a certain area, hydrological models are used, which requires precipitation data and temperature data as input. Since these are often not available as observations, we have tested simulation results from atmospheric models. ERA5-Land and COSMO-REA6 were tested for Slovenian catchments. Both lead to good simulations results. Their usage enables the use of rainfall-runoff simulation in unobserved catchments as a requisite for, e.g., flood protection measures.
Tuantuan Zhang, Zhongmin Liang, Wentao Li, Jun Wang, Yiming Hu, and Binquan Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1945–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use circulation classifications and spatiotemporal deep neural networks to correct raw daily forecast precipitation by combining large-scale circulation patterns with local spatiotemporal information. We find that the method not only captures the westward and northward movement of the western Pacific subtropical high but also shows substantially higher bias-correction capabilities than existing standard methods in terms of spatial scale, timescale, and intensity.
Zeyu Xue, Paul Ullrich, and Lai-Yung Ruby Leung
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1909–1927, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the sensitivity and robustness of conclusions drawn from the PGW method over the NEUS by conducting multiple PGW experiments and varying the perturbation spatial scales and choice of perturbed meteorological variables to provide a guideline for this increasingly popular regional modeling method. Overall, we recommend PGW experiments be performed with perturbations to temperature or the combination of temperature and wind at the gridpoint scale, depending on the research question.
Louise J. Slater, Louise Arnal, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Annie Y.-Y. Chang, Simon Moulds, Conor Murphy, Grey Nearing, Guy Shalev, Chaopeng Shen, Linda Speight, Gabriele Villarini, Robert L. Wilby, Andrew Wood, and Massimiliano Zappa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1865–1889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hybrid forecasting systems combine data-driven methods with physics-based weather and climate models to improve the accuracy of predictions for meteorological and hydroclimatic events such as rainfall, temperature, streamflow, floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, or atmospheric rivers. We review recent developments in hybrid forecasting and outline key challenges and opportunities in the field.
Zexuan Xu, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, Alan M. Rhoades, and Daniel Feldman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1771–1789, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1771-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1771-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study is to understand the uncertainties of different modeling configurations for simulating hydroclimate responses in the mountainous watershed. We run a group of climate models with various configurations and evaluate them against various reference datasets. This paper integrates a climate model and a hydrology model to have a full understanding of the atmospheric-through-bedrock hydrological processes.
Jolanda J. E. Theeuwen, Arie Staal, Obbe A. Tuinenburg, Bert V. M. Hamelers, and Stefan C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1457–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1457-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1457-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Evaporation changes over land affect rainfall over land via moisture recycling. We calculated the local moisture recycling ratio globally, which describes the fraction of evaporated moisture that rains out within approx. 50 km of its source location. This recycling peaks in summer as well as over wet and elevated regions. Local moisture recycling provides insight into the local impacts of evaporation changes and can be used to study the influence of regreening on local rainfall.
Eleonora Dallan, Francesco Marra, Giorgia Fosser, Marco Marani, Giuseppe Formetta, Christoph Schär, and Marco Borga
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1133–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1133-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1133-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Convection-permitting climate models could represent future changes in extreme short-duration precipitation, which is critical for risk management. We use a non-asymptotic statistical method to estimate extremes from 10 years of simulations in an orographically complex area. Despite overall good agreement with rain gauges, the observed decrease of hourly extremes with elevation is not fully represented by the model. Climate model adjustment methods should consider the role of orography.
Bora Shehu, Winfried Willems, Henrike Stockel, Luisa-Bianca Thiele, and Uwe Haberlandt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1109–1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall volumes at varying duration and frequencies are required for many engineering water works. These design volumes have been provided by KOSTRA-DWD in Germany. However, a revision of the KOSTRA-DWD is required, in order to consider the recent state-of-the-art and additional data. For this purpose, in our study, we investigate different methods and data available to achieve the best procedure that will serve as a basis for the development of the new KOSTRA-DWD product.
Sandra M. Hauswirth, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Vincent Beijk, and Niko Wanders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 501–517, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-501-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forecasts on water availability are important for water managers. We test a hybrid framework based on machine learning models and global input data for generating seasonal forecasts. Our evaluation shows that our discharge and surface water level predictions are able to create reliable forecasts up to 2 months ahead. We show that a hybrid framework, developed for local purposes and combined and rerun with global data, can create valuable information similar to large-scale forecasting models.
Richard Arsenault, Jean-Luc Martel, Frédéric Brunet, François Brissette, and Juliane Mai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 139–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-139-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-139-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting flow in rivers where no observation records are available is a daunting task. For decades, hydrological models were set up on these gauges, and their parameters were estimated based on the hydrological response of similar or nearby catchments where records exist. New developments in machine learning have now made it possible to estimate flows at ungauged locations more precisely than with hydrological models. This study confirms the performance superiority of machine learning models.
Shaun Harrigan, Ervin Zsoter, Hannah Cloke, Peter Salamon, and Christel Prudhomme
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Real-time river discharge forecasts and reforecasts from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) have been made publicly available, together with an evaluation of forecast skill at the global scale. Results show that GloFAS is skillful in over 93 % of catchments in the short (1–3 d) and medium range (5–15 d) and skillful in over 80 % of catchments in the extended lead time (16–30 d). Skill is summarised in a new layer on the GloFAS Web Map Viewer to aid decision-making.
Ying Li, Chenghao Wang, Ru Huang, Denghua Yan, Hui Peng, and Shangbin Xiao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6413–6426, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spatial quantification of oceanic moisture contribution to the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contributes to the reliable assessments of regional water resources and the interpretation of paleo archives in the region. Based on atmospheric reanalysis datasets and numerical moisture tracking, this work reveals the previously underestimated oceanic moisture contributions brought by the westerlies in winter and the overestimated moisture contributions from the Indian Ocean in summer.
Urmin Vegad and Vimal Mishra
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6361–6378, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6361-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6361-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Floods cause enormous damage to infrastructure and agriculture in India. However, the utility of ensemble meteorological forecast for hydrologic prediction has not been examined. Moreover, Indian river basins have a considerable influence of reservoirs that alter the natural flow variability. We developed a hydrologic modelling-based streamflow prediction considering the influence of reservoirs in India.
Camille Labrousse, Wolfgang Ludwig, Sébastien Pinel, Mahrez Sadaoui, Andrea Toreti, and Guillaume Lacquement
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6055–6071, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6055-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6055-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The interest of this study is to demonstrate that we identify two zones in our study area whose hydroclimatic behaviours are uneven. By investigating relationships between the hydroclimatic conditions in both clusters for past observations with the overall atmospheric functioning, we show that the inequalities are mainly driven by a different control of the atmospheric teleconnection patterns over the area.
Daeha Kim, Minha Choi, and Jong Ahn Chun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5955–5969, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5955-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5955-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a practical method that predicts the evaporation rates on land surfaces (ET) where only atmospheric data are available. Using a traditional equation that describes partitioning of precipitation into ET and streamflow, we could approximately identify the key parameter of the predicting formulation based on land–atmosphere interactions. The simple method conditioned by local climates outperformed sophisticated models in reproducing water-balance estimates across Australia.
Ruksana H. Rimi, Karsten Haustein, Emily J. Barbour, Sarah N. Sparrow, Sihan Li, David C. H. Wallom, and Myles R. Allen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5737–5756, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme rainfall events are major concerns in Bangladesh. Heavy downpours can cause flash floods and damage nearly harvestable crops in pre-monsoon season. While in monsoon season, the impacts can range from widespread agricultural loss, huge property damage, to loss of lives and livelihoods. This paper assesses the role of anthropogenic climate change drivers in changing risks of extreme rainfall events during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons at local sub-regional-scale within Bangladesh.
Brigitta Simon-Gáspár, Gábor Soós, and Angela Anda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4741–4756, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4741-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4741-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Due to climate change, it is extremely important to determine evaporation as accurately as possible. In nature, there are sediments and macrophytes in the open waters; thus, one of the aims was to investigate their effect on evaporation. The second aim of this paper was to estimate daily evaporation by using different models, which, according to results, have high priority in the evaporation prediction. Water management can obtain useful information from the results of the current research.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4603–4618, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There have been many machine learning simulation studies based on eddy-covariance observations for water flux and evapotranspiration. We performed a meta-analysis of such studies to clarify the impact of different algorithms and predictors, etc., on the reported prediction accuracy. It can, to some extent, guide future global water flux modeling studies and help us better understand the terrestrial ecosystem water cycle.
Yaozhi Jiang, Kun Yang, Hua Yang, Hui Lu, Yingying Chen, Xu Zhou, Jing Sun, Yuan Yang, and Yan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4587–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our study quantified the altitudinal precipitation gradients (PGs) over the Third Pole (TP). Most sub-basins in the TP have positive PGs, and negative PGs are found in the Himalayas, the Hengduan Mountains and the western Kunlun. PGs are positively correlated with wind speed but negatively correlated with relative humidity. In addition, PGs tend to be positive at smaller spatial scales compared to those at larger scales. The findings can assist precipitation interpolation in the data-sparse TP.
Francesca Carletti, Adrien Michel, Francesca Casale, Alice Burri, Daniele Bocchiola, Mathias Bavay, and Michael Lehning
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3447–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3447-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3447-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High Alpine catchments are dominated by the melting of seasonal snow cover and glaciers, whose amount and seasonality are expected to be modified by climate change. This paper compares the performances of different types of models in reproducing discharge among two catchments under present conditions and climate change. Despite many advantages, the use of simpler models for climate change applications is controversial as they do not fully represent the physics of the involved processes.
Cited articles
Abdalla, S. and Cavaleri, L.: Effect of wind variability and variable air density
on wave modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 17-1–17-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000639, 2002.
Abhilash, S., Sahai, A. K., Mohankumar, K., George, J. P., and Das, S.:
Assimilation of doppler weather radar radial velocity and reflectivity
observations in WRF-3DVAR system for short-range forecasting of convective
storms, Pure Appl. Geophys., 169, 2047–2070, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0462-z, 2012.
Aligo, E. A., Gallus, W. A., and Segal, M.: On the impact of WRF model vertical
grid resolution on Midwest summer rainfall forecasts, Weather Forecast., 24,
575–594, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008WAF2007101.1, 2009.
Barker, D. M., Huang, W., Guo, Y. R., Bourgeois, A., and Xiao, Q. N.: A
three-dimensional variational data assimilation system for MM5: implementation
and initial results, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 897–914, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0897:ATVDAS>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Bauer, H. S., Schwitalla, T., Wulfmeyer, V., Bakhshall, A., Ehret, U., Neuper,
M., and Caumont, O.: Quantitative precipitation estimation based on
high-resolution numerical weather prediction and data assimilation with WRF – a
performance test, Tellus A, 67, 25047, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v67.25047, 2015.
Berenguer, M., Surcel, M., Zawadzki, I., Xue, M., and Kong, F.: The diurnal
cycle of precipitation from continental radar mosaics and numerical weather
prediction models. Part II: Intercomparison among numerical models and with
nowcasting, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 2689–2705, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00181.1, 2012.
Boussetta, S., Balsamo, G., Beljaars, A., and Kral, T.: Impact of a
satellite-derived Leaf Area Index monthly climatology in a global Numerical
Weather Prediction model, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 3520–3542, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.716543, 2013.
Carrassi, A., Ghil, M., Trevisan, A., and Uboldi, F.: Data assimilation as a
nonlinear dynamical systems problem: stability and convergence of the
prediction-assimilation system, Chaos, 18, 023112, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2909862, 2008.
Chambon, P., Zhang, S. Q., Hou, A. Y., Zupanski, M., and Cheung, S.: Assessing
the impact of pre-GPM microwave precipitation observations in the Goddard WRF
ensemble data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 140, 1219–1235,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2215, 2014.
Di, Z., Duan, Q., Gong, W., Wang, C., Gan, Y., Quan, J., Li, J., Miao, C., Ye,
A., and Charles, T.: Assessing WRF model parameter sensitivity: A case study
with 5 day summer precipitation forecasting in the Greater Beijing Area,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 579–587, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061623, 2015.
Done, J., Davis, C. A., and Weisman, M.: The next generation of NWP: explicit
forecasts of convection using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model,
Atmos. Sci. Lett., 5, 110–117, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.72, 2004.
Dong, J. and Xue, M.: Assimilation of radial velocity and reflectivity data
from coastal WSR-88D radars using an ensemble Kalman filter for the analysis
and forecast of landfalling hurricane Ike (2008), Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.,
139, 467–487, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.1970, 2013.
Dudhia, J.: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon
experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46,
3077–3107, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<3077:NSOCOD>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Efstathiou, G. A., Zoumakis, N. M., Melas, D., Lolis, C. J., and Kassomenos,
P.: Sensitivity of WRF to boundary layer parameterizations in simulating a
heavy rainfall event using different microphysical schemes, Effect on large-scale
processes, Atmos. Res., 132, 125–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.05.004, 2013.
Fernández-González, S., Valero, F., Sánchez, J. L., Gascón, E.,
López, L., García-Ortega, E., and Merino, A.: Numerical simulations of
snowfall events: Sensitivity analysis of physical parameterizations, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 10130–10148, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023793, 2015.
Fierro, A. O., Mansell, E. R., Macgorman, D. R., and Ziegler, C. L.: The
implementation of an explicit charging and discharge lightning scheme within
the WRF-ARW model: benchmark simulations of a continental squall line, a
tropical cyclone, and a winter storm, Mon. Weather Rev., 141, 2390–2415,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00278.1, 2013.
Gao, J. D., Xue, M., Brewster, K. A., and Droegemeier, K.: A three-dimensional
variational data analysis method with recursive filter for Doppler radars, J.
Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 21, 457–469, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0457:ATVDAM>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Gascón, E., Laviola, S., Merino, A., and Miglietta, M. M.: Analysis of a
localized flash-flood event over the central Mediterranean, Atmos. Res., 182,
256–268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.08.007, 2016.
Georgakakos, K. P.: Covariance propagation and updating in the context of
real-time radar data assimilation by quantitative precipitation forecast models,
J. Hydrol., 239, 115–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00355-3, 2000.
Givati, A., Lynn, B., Liu, Y., and Rimmer, A.: Using the WRF model in an
operational streamflow forecast system for the Jordan River, J. Appl. Meteorol.
Clim., 51, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-082.1, 2012.
Guo, C., Xiao, H., Yang, H., and Tang, Q.: Observation and modeling analyses
of the macro-and microphysical characteristics of a heavy rain storm in Beijing,
Atmos. Res., 156, 125–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.01.007, 2015.
Guo, X., Fu, D., Guo, X., and Zhang, C.: A case study of aerosol impacts on
summer convective clouds and precipitation over northern China, Atmos. Res.,
142, 142–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.10.006, 2014.
Ha, J. H. and Lee, D. K.: Effect of length scale tuning of bachground error in
WRF-3DVar system on assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy
rainfall simulation, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1142–1158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-1183-z, 2012.
Ha, J. H., Lim, G. H., and Choi, S. J.: Assimilation of GPS radio occultation
refractivity data with WRF 3DVAR and its impact on the prediction of a heavy
rainfall event, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 53, 1381–1398, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0224.1, 2014.
Hamill, T. M.: Performance of Operational model precipitation forecast guidance
during the 2013 Colorado front-range floods, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 2609–2618,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00007.1, 2014.
Hunter, S. M.: WSR-88D radar rainfall estimation: Capabilities, limitations
and potential improvements, Natl. Weather Dig., 20, 26–38, 1996.
Ide, K., Courtier, P., Ghil, M., and Lorenc, A. C.: Unified Notation for data
assimilation: Operational, sequential and variational, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.,
75, 181–189, 1997.
Janjić, Z. I.: The step-mountain eta coordinate model: further developments
of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes, Mon.
Weather Rev., 122, 927–945, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0927:TSMECM>2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Jr, J. H. R. and Johnson, R. H.: On the cumulus diurnal cycle over the tropical
warm pool, J. Adv. Model Earth Syst., 8, 669–690, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000610, 2016.
Kain, J. S.: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization: an update, J. Appl.
Meteorol., 43, 170–181, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Kim, J. H., Shin, D. B., and Kummerow, C.: Impacts of a priori databases using
six WRF microphysics schemes on passive microwave rainfall retrievals, J. Atmos.
Ocean. Tech., 30, 2367–2381, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00261.1, 2013.
Kryza, M., Werner, M., Wałszek, K., and Dore, A. J.: Application and evaluation
of the WRF model for high-resolution forecasting of rainfall – a case study of
SW Poland, Meteorol. Z., 22, 595–601, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0444, 2013.
Li, Y., Wang, X., and Xue, M.: Assimilation of radar radial velocity data with
the WRF hybrid ensemble – 3DVAR system for the prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008),
Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 3507–3524, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00043.1, 2012.
Lin, H. H., Lin, P. L., Xiao, Q., and Kuo, Y. H.: Effect of Doppler radial
velocity data assimilation on the simulation of a typhoon approaching Taiwan:
A case study of Typhoon Aere (2004), Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 22, 325–345,
https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2010.10.08.01(A), 2011.
Liu, J. and Han, D.: On selection of the optimal data time interval for real-time
hydrological forecasting, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3639–3659,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, 2013.
Liu, J., Bray, M., and Han, D.: Sensitivity of the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model to downscaling ratios and storm types in rainfall
simulation, Hydrol. Process., 26, 3012–3031, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8247, 2012.
Liu, J., Bray, M., and Han, D.: A study on WRF radar data assimilation for
hydrological rainfall precipitation, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3095–3110,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, 2013a.
Liu, J., Bray, M., and Han, D.: Exploring the effect of data assimilation by
WRF-3DVar for numerical rainfall prediction with different types of storm
events, Hydrol. Process., 27, 3627–3640, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9488, 2013b.
Liu, J., Wang, J., Pan, S., Tang, K., Li, C., and Han, D.: A real-time flood
forecasting system with dual updating of the NWP rainfall and the river flow,
Nat. Hazards., 77, 1161–1182, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1643-8, 2015.
Maiello, I., Ferretti, R., Gentile, S., Montopoli, M., Picciotti, E., Marzano,
F. S., and Faccani, C.: Impact of radar data assimilation for the simulation
of a heavy rainfall case in central Italy using WRF–3DVAR, Atmos. Meas. Tech.,
7, 2919–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2919-2014, 2014.
Meng, Z. and Zhang, F.: Tests of an ensemble Kalman filter for mesoscale and
regional-scale data assimilation, Part IV: Comparison with 3DVAR in a month-long
experiment, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 3671–3682, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2106.1, 2008.
Miao, S., Chen, F., and Li, Q.: Impacts of urban processes and urbanization on
summer precipitation: A case study of heavy rainfall in Beijing on 1 August 2006,
J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 50, 806–825, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2106.1, 2011.
Mohanty, U. C., Routray, A., Osuri, K. K., and Prasad, S. K.: A study on
simulation of heavy rainfall events over Indian region with ARW-3DVAR modeling
system, Pure Appl. Geophys., 169, 381–399, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-011-0376-1, 2012.
Montmerle, T. and Faccani, C.: Mesoscale assimilation of radial velocities from
Doppler radars in a preoperational framework, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 1939–1953,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2725.1, 2010.
Pan, X., Tian, X., Li, X., Xie, Z., Shao, A., and Lu, C.: Assimilating Doppler
radar radial velocity and reflectivity observations in the weather research and
forecasting model by a proper orthogonal-decomposition-based ensemble,
three-dimensional variational assimilation method, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
117, D17113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017684, 2012.
Pan, X., Li, X., Cheng, G., and Hong, Y.: Effects of 4D-Var data assimilation
using remote sensing precipitation products in a WRF model over the complex
terrain of an arid region river basin, Remote Sensing, 9, 963, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090963, 2017.
Pu, Z., Li, X., and Sun, J.: Impact of airborne Doppler radar data assimilation
on the numerical simulation of intensity changes of Hurricane Dennis near a
landfall, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3351–3365, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3121.1, 2009.
Qie, X., Zhu, R., Yuan, T., Wu, X., Li, W., and Liu, D.: Application of
total-lightning data assimilation in a mesoscale convective system based on the
WRF model, Atmos. Res., 145–146, 255–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.012, 2014.
Rodwell, M. J., Richardson, D. S., Hewson, T. D., and Haiden, T.: A new equitable
score suitable for verifying precipitation in numerical weather prediction, Q.
J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1344–1363, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.65, 2010.
Rossa, A. M., Guerra, F. L. D., Borga, M., Zanon, F., Settin, T., and Leuenberger,
D.: Radar-driven high-resolution hydro-meteorological forecasts of the 26 September 2007
Venice flash flood, J. Hydrol., 394, 230–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.08.035, 2010.
Routray, A., Mohanty, U. C., Niyogi, D., Rizvi, S. R. H., and Osuri, K. K.:
Simulation of heavy rainfall events over Indian monsoon region using WRF-3DVAR
data assimilation system, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 106, 107–125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-009-0054-3, 2010.
Routray, A., Osuri, K. K., and Kulkarni, M. A.: A comparative study on
performance of analysis nudging and 3DVAR in simulation of a heavy rainfall
event using WRF modeling system, Isrn. Meteorol., 2012, 1191–1213, https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/523942, 2012.
Sang, Y. F., Wang, Z., and Liu, C.: What factors are responsible for the Beijing
storm, Nat. Hazards, 65, 2399–2400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0426-8, 2013.
Schraff, C., Reich, H., Rhodin, A., Schomburg, A., Stephan, K., Perianez, A.,
and Potthast, R.: Kilometre-scale ensemble data assimilation for the COSMO
model (KENDA), Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 142, 1453–1472, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2748, 2016.
Shih, D. S., Chen, C. H., and Yeh, G. T.: Improving our understanding of flood
forecasting using earlier hydro-meteorological intelligence, J. Hydrol., 512,
470–481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.059, 2014.
Shrestha, D. L., Robertson, D. E., Wang, Q. J., Pagano, T. C., and Hapuarachchi,
H. A. P.: Evaluation of numerical weather prediction model precipitation
forecasts for short-term streamflow forecasting purpose, Hydrol. Earth. Syst.
Sci., 17, 1913–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1913-2013, 2013.
Skamaraock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M., Duda,
M. G., Huang, X. Y., Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A description of the advanced
research WRF Version 3, NCAR technical note, available at: http://www.ncar.ucar.edu,
last access: 6 January 2008.
Sokol, Z. and Pešice, P.: Comparing nowcastings of three severe convective
events by statistical and NWP models, Atmos. Res., 93, 397–407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.016, 2009.
Stephan, K., Klink, S., and Schraff, C.: Assimilation of radar-derived rain
rates into the convective-scale model COSMO-DE at DWD, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.,
134, 1315–1326, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.269, 2010.
Sugimoto, S., Crook, N. A., Sun, J., Xiao, Q., and Barker, D. M.: An examination
of WRF 3DVAR radar data assimilation on its capability in retrieving unobserved
variables and forecasting precipitation through observing system simulation
experiments, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 4011–4029, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009MWR2839.1, 2009.
Sun, J.: Convective-scale assimilation of radar data: progress and challenges,
Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 3439–3463, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.149, 2005.
Sun, J. and Crook, N. A.: Dynamical and microphysical retrieval from Doppler
radar observations using a cloud model and its adjoint. Part I: Model development
and simulated data experiments, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1642–1661, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1642:DAMRFD>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Sun, J. and Crook, N. A.: Dynamical and microphysical retrieval from Doppler
radar observations using a cloud model and its adjoint. Part II: Retrieval
experiments of an observed Florida convective storm, J. Atmos. Sci., 55,
835–852, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<0835:DAMRFD>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Sun, J., Trier, S. B., Xiao, Q., Weisman, M. L., Wang, H., Ying, Z., Xu, M.,
and Zhang, Y.: Sensitivity of 0-12-h warm-season precipitation forecasts over
the central United States to model initialization, Weather Forecast., 27,
832–855, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-11-00075.1, 2012.
Sun, J., Wang, H., Tong, W., Zhang, Y., Lin, C. Y., and Xu, D.: Comparison of
the impacts of momentum control variables on high-resolution variational data
assimilation and precipitation forecasting, Mon. Weather Rev., 144, 149–169,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00205.1, 2016.
Tian, J., Liu, J., Wang, J., Li, C., Yu, F., and Chu, Z.: A spatio-temporal
evaluation of the WRF physical parameterisations for numerical rainfall
simulation in semi-humid and semi-arid catchments of Northern China, Atmos.
Res., 191, 141–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.03.012, 2017a.
Tian, J., Liu, J., Yan, D., Li, C., Chu, Z., and Yu, F.: An assimilation test
of Doppler radar reflectivity and radial velocity from different height layers
in improving the WRF rainfall forecasts, Atmos. Res., 198, 132–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.08.004, 2017b.
Tian, J., Liu, J., Yan, D., Li, C., and Yu, F.: Numerical rainfall simulation
with different spatial and temporal evenness by using a WRF multiphysics ensemble,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 563–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017, 2017c.
Tong, M. and Xue, M.: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of Doppler radar
data with a compressible nonhydrostatic model: OSS Experiments, Mon. Weather
Rev., 133, 1789–1807, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR2898.1, 2005.
Tu, C. C., Chen, Y. L., Chen, S. Y., Kuo, Y. H., and Lin, P. L.: Impacts of
including rain-evaporative cooling in the initial conditions on the prediction
of a coastal heavy rainfall event during TiMREX, Mon. Weather Rev., 145,
253–277, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-16-0224.1, 2017.
Wang, H., Sun, J., Fan, S., and Huang, X.: Indirect assimilation of radar
reflectivity with WRF 3D-Var and its impact on prediction of four summertime
convective events, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 52, 889–902, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0120.1, 2013.
Xiao, Q. and Sun, J.: Multiple-radar data assimilation and short-range
quantitative precipitation forecasting of a squall line observed during,
IHOP_2002, Mon. Weather Rev., 135, 3381–3404, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3471.1, 2007.
Xiao, Q., Kuo, Y. H., Sun, J., Lee, W. C., Lim, E., Guo, Y. R., and Barker, D.
M.: Assimilation of Doppler radar observations with a regional 3DVAR System:
Impact of Doppler velocities on forecasts of a heavy rainfall case, J. Appl.
Meteorol., 44, 768–788, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2248.1, 2005.
Yang, B., Zhang, Y., Qian, Y., Huang, A., and Yan, H.: Calibration of a
convective parameterization scheme in the WRF model and its impact on the
simulation of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation, Clim. Dynam., 44,
1661–1684, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2118-4, 2015.
Yucel, I., Onen, A., Yilmaz, K. K., and Gochis, D. J.: Calibration and
evaluation of a flood forecasting system: Utility of numerical weather
prediction model, data assimilation and satellite-based rainfall, J. Hydrol.,
523, 49–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.042, 2015.
Zhang, L., Pu, Z., Lee, W. C., and Zhao, Q.: The influence of airborne Doppler
radar data quality on numerical simulations of a tropical cyclone, Weather
Forecast., 27, 231–239, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-11-00028.1, 2012.
Zhong, L., Mu, R., Zhang, D., Zhao, P., Zhang, Z., and Wang, N.: An observational
analysis of warm-sector rainfall characteristics associated with the 21 July 2012
Beijing extreme rainfall event, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 3274–3291, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022686, 2015.
Short summary
Both radar reflectivity and GTS data are good choices for assimilation in improving high-resolution rainfall of the NWP systems, which always fails in providing satisfactory rainfall products for hydrological use. Simultaneously assimilating GTS and radar data always performs better than assimilating radar data alone. The assimilation efficiency of the GTS data is higher than both radar reflectivity and radial velocity considering the number of data assimilated and its effect.
Both radar reflectivity and GTS data are good choices for assimilation in improving...
