Articles | Volume 23, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2699-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2699-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Jun 2019
Research article |
| 25 Jun 2019
| 25 Jun 2019
A 50-year analysis of hydrological trends and processes in a Mediterranean catchment
Nathalie Folton
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Irstea, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Martin
Irstea, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
Patrick Arnaud
Irstea, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
Pierre L'Hermite
Irstea, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
Mathieu Tolsa
Irstea, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne, CS 40061, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Eric Sauquet, Guillaume Evin, Sonia Siauve, Ryma Aissat, Patrick Arnaud, Maud Bérel, Jérémie Bonneau, Flora Branger, Yvan Caballero, François Colléoni, Agnès Ducharne, Joël Gailhard, Florence Habets, Frédéric Hendrickx, Louis Héraut, Benoît Hingray, Peng Huang, Tristan Jaouen, Alexis Jeantet, Sandra Lanini, Matthieu Le Lay, Claire Magand, Louise Mimeau, Céline Monteil, Simon Munier, Charles Perrin, Olivier Robelin, Fabienne Rousset, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Laurent Strohmenger, Guillaume Thirel, Flore Tocquer, Yves Tramblay, Jean-Pierre Vergnes, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
The Explore2 project has provided an unprecedented set of hydrological projections in terms of the number of hydrological models used and the spatial and temporal resolution. The results have been made available through various media. Under the high-emission scenario, the hydrological models mostly agree on the decrease in seasonal flows in the south of France, confirming its hotspot status, and on the decrease in summer flows throughout France, with the exception of the northern part of France.
Maxime Jay-Allemand, Julie Demargne, Pierre-André Garambois, Pierre Javelle, Igor Gejadze, François Colleoni, Didier Organde, Patrick Arnaud, and Catherine Fouchier
Proc. IAHS, 385, 281–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work targets the improvement of a hydrologic model used for flash flood warnings. A gridded model is used to spatially describe the hydrological processes. We develop a method to estimate the best model setup based on scarce river flow observations. It uses a complex algorithm combined with geographical descriptors to generate gridded parameters that better capture catchment characteristics. Results are promising, improving the discharge estimations where no observations are available.
Yves Tramblay, Patrick Arnaud, Guillaume Artigue, Michel Lang, Emmanuel Paquet, Luc Neppel, and Eric Sauquet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2973–2987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean floods are causing major damage, and recent studies have shown that, despite the increase in intense rainfall, there has been no increase in river floods. This study reveals that the seasonality of floods changed in the Mediterranean Basin during 1959–2021. There was also an increased frequency of floods linked to short episodes of intense rain, associated with a decrease in soil moisture. These changes need to be taken into consideration to adapt flood warning systems.
François Colleoni, Pierre-André Garambois, Pierre Javelle, Maxime Jay-Allemand, and Patrick Arnaud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-506, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-506, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution presents the first evaluation of Variational Data Assimilation successfully applied over a large sample to the spatially distributed calibration of a newly taylored grid-based parsimonious model structure and corresponding adjoint. High performances are obtained in spatio-temporal validation and at flood time scales, especially for mediterranenan and oceanic catchments. Regional sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of the non conservative and production components.
Maxime Jay-Allemand, Pierre Javelle, Igor Gejadze, Patrick Arnaud, Pierre-Olivier Malaterre, Jean-Alain Fine, and Didier Organde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5519–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5519-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study contributes to flash flood prediction using a hydrological model. The model describes the spatial properties of the watersheds with hundreds of unknown parameters. The Gardon d'Anduze watershed is chosen as the study benchmark. A sophisticated numerical algorithm and the downstream discharge measurements make the identification of the model parameters possible. Results provide better model predictions and relevant spatial variability of some parameters inside this watershed.
Adrien Napoly, Aaron Boone, Patrick Samuelsson, Stefan Gollvik, Eric Martin, Roland Seferian, Dominique Carrer, Bertrand Decharme, and Lionel Jarlan
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1621–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1621-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1621-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is the second part of a new parameterization for canopy representation that has been developed in the Interactions between the Surface Biosphere Atmosphere model (ISBA). A module for the explicit representation of the litter bellow forest canopies has been added. Then, the first evaluation of these new developments is performed at local scale among three well-instrumented sites and then at the global scale using the FLUXNET network.
A. Khalifa, M. Marchetti, L. Bouilloud, E. Martin, M. Bues, and K. Chancibaut
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 547–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-547-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-547-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An experimental study was conducted to quantify the anthropic energy flux of traffic impact on RST in the winter season. It indicated an RST increase by 1 °C to 3 °C with respect to the absence of traffic. Additional work was undertaken so as to evaluate to which extent an accurate description of traffic might improve the TEB numerical model when dedicated to RST simulations. Two approaches to traffic integration in this model were detailed and tested.
S. Garrigues, A. Olioso, D. Carrer, B. Decharme, J.-C. Calvet, E. Martin, S. Moulin, and O. Marloie
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3033–3053, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3033-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3033-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the impacts of uncertainties in the climate, the vegetation dynamic, the soil properties and the cropland management on the simulation of evapotranspiration from the ISBA-A-gs land surface model over a 12-year Mediterranean crop succession. It mainly shows that errors in the soil parameters and the lack of irrigation in the simulation have the largest influence on evapotranspiration compared to the uncertainties in the climate and the vegetation dynamic.
S. Garrigues, A. Olioso, J. C. Calvet, E. Martin, S. Lafont, S. Moulin, A. Chanzy, O. Marloie, S. Buis, V. Desfonds, N. Bertrand, and D. Renard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3109–3131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3109-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3109-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Land surface model simulations of evapotranspiration are assessed over a 12-year Mediterranean crop succession. Evapotranspiration mainly results from soil evaporation when it is simulated over a Mediterranean crop succession. This leads to a high sensitivity to the soil parameters. Errors on soil hydraulic properties can lead to a large bias in cumulative evapotranspiration over a long period of time. Accounting for uncertainties in soil properties is essential for land surface modelling.
F. Habets, E. Philippe, E. Martin, C. H. David, and F. Leseur
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4207–4222, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4207-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4207-2014, 2014
V. Vionnet, E. Martin, V. Masson, G. Guyomarc'h, F. Naaim-Bouvet, A. Prokop, Y. Durand, and C. Lac
The Cryosphere, 8, 395–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-395-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-395-2014, 2014
V. Masson, P. Le Moigne, E. Martin, S. Faroux, A. Alias, R. Alkama, S. Belamari, A. Barbu, A. Boone, F. Bouyssel, P. Brousseau, E. Brun, J.-C. Calvet, D. Carrer, B. Decharme, C. Delire, S. Donier, K. Essaouini, A.-L. Gibelin, H. Giordani, F. Habets, M. Jidane, G. Kerdraon, E. Kourzeneva, M. Lafaysse, S. Lafont, C. Lebeaupin Brossier, A. Lemonsu, J.-F. Mahfouf, P. Marguinaud, M. Mokhtari, S. Morin, G. Pigeon, R. Salgado, Y. Seity, F. Taillefer, G. Tanguy, P. Tulet, B. Vincendon, V. Vionnet, and A. Voldoire
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 929–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013, 2013
S. Faroux, A. T. Kaptué Tchuenté, J.-L. Roujean, V. Masson, E. Martin, and P. Le Moigne
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 563–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-563-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-563-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Mathematical applications
Technical note: Quadratic Solution of the Approximate Reservoir Equation (QuaSoARe)
Two-dimensional Differential-form of Distributed Xinanjiang Model
Technical Note: Streamflow Seasonality using Directional Statistics
Processes and controls of regional floods over eastern China
Imprints of Increases in Evapotranspiration on Decreases in Streamflow during dry Periods, a large-sample Analysis in Germany
A national-scale hybrid model for enhanced streamflow estimation – consolidating a physically based hydrological model with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks
Understanding meteorological and physio-geographical controls of variability of flood event classes in China
Inferring heavy tails of flood distributions through hydrograph recession analysis
Landscape structures regulate the contrasting response of recession along rainfall amounts
Hydrological objective functions and ensemble averaging with the Wasserstein distance
Spatial variability in Alpine reservoir regulation: deriving reservoir operations from streamflow using generalized additive models
Regional significance of historical trends and step changes in Australian streamflow
River flooding mechanisms and their changes in Europe revealed by explainable machine learning
Changes in nonlinearity and stability of streamflow recession characteristics under climate warming in a large glaciated basin of the Tibetan Plateau
A data-driven method for estimating the composition of end-members from stream water chemistry time series
Evaporation loss estimation of the river-lake continuum of arid inland river: Evidence from stable isotopes
Technical note: PMR – a proxy metric to assess hydrological model robustness in a changing climate
Causal effects of dams and land cover changes on flood changes in mainland China
Can the two-parameter recursive digital filter baseflow separation method really be calibrated by the conductivity mass balance method?
Simultaneously determining global sensitivities of model parameters and model structure
Technical note: Calculation scripts for ensemble hydrograph separation
Specific climate classification for Mediterranean hydrology and future evolution under Med-CORDEX regional climate model scenarios
A line-integral-based method to partition climate and catchment effects on runoff
Technical note: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration–discharge relationship
On the flood peak distributions over China
New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow
Does the weighting of climate simulations result in a better quantification of hydrological impacts?
Technical Note: On the puzzling similarity of two water balance formulas – Turc–Mezentsev vs. Tixeront–Fu
Climate or land cover variations: what is driving observed changes in river peak flows? A data-based attribution study
Quantifying new water fractions and transit time distributions using ensemble hydrograph separation: theory and benchmark tests
Land cover effects on hydrologic services under a precipitation gradient
Technical note: Long-term persistence loss of urban streams as a metric for catchment classification
Responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over China
Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds
Analysis and modelling of a 9.3 kyr palaeoflood record: correlations, clustering, and cycles
Climate change impacts on Yangtze River discharge at the Three Gorges Dam
Can assimilation of crowdsourced data in hydrological modelling improve flood prediction?
Delineation of homogenous regions using hydrological variables predicted by projection pursuit regression
Multivariate hydrological data assimilation of soil moisture and groundwater head
On the propagation of diel signals in river networks using analytic solutions of flow equations
Dominant climatic factors driving annual runoff changes at the catchment scale across China
Data assimilation in integrated hydrological modelling in the presence of observation bias
Recent changes in climate, hydrology and sediment load in the Wadi Abd, Algeria (1970–2010)
Technical Note: Testing an improved index for analysing storm discharge–concentration hysteresis
Estimating spatially distributed soil water content at small watershed scales based on decomposition of temporal anomaly and time stability analysis
Improving flood forecasting capability of physically based distributed hydrological models by parameter optimization
Time series analysis of the long-term hydrologic impacts of afforestation in the Águeda watershed of north-central Portugal
Data assimilation in integrated hydrological modeling using ensemble Kalman filtering: evaluating the effect of ensemble size and localization on filter performance
Attribution of high resolution streamflow trends in Western Austria – an approach based on climate and discharge station data
A constraint-based search algorithm for parameter identification of environmental models
Julien Lerat
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2003–2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2003-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2003-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a method to solve a certain type of equation controlling the storage of water in hydrological models. This equation is often solved with complex numerical methods that may lead to slow runtimes. The method, called the Quadratic Solution of the Approximate Reservoir Equation (QuaSoARe), is both fast and applicable to any equation of this kind regardless of its complexity. The method reduces runtime by a factor of 10 to 50 depending on the model.
Jianfei Zhao, Zhongmin Liang, Vijay P. Singh, Taiyi Wen, Yiming Hu, Binquan Li, and Jun Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-377, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-377, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed hydrological models often evolve from lumped models, but this shift can overlook important issues. By revisiting the distributed Xinanjiang model, we show that numerical errors persist and terrain representation is constrained by one-dimensional slope routing methods. These limitations can be addressed by combining purely differential-form equations, two-dimensional slope routing methods, and proper numerical implementation, resulting in an improved distributed Xinanjiang model.
Wouter R. Berghuijs, Kate Hale, and Harsh Beria
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4117, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4117, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present directional statistics to characterize seasonality, capturing the timing of streamflow (center of mass) and the strength of its seasonal cycle (concentration). Directional statistics is more robust than several widely used metrics to quantify streamflow seasonality. The introduced metrics can improve our understanding of streamflow seasonality and associated changes, and can also be used to study the seasonality of other environmental fluxes, within and beyond hydrology.
Yixin Yang, Long Yang, Jinghan Zhang, and Qiang Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4883–4902, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a machine-learning framework to study spatial characteristics and drivers of regional floods in eastern China, using 38 years of flood peak data from a vast gauging network. Our analyses provide better understanding of contrasting flood behaviors by explicitly characterizing their spatial extents. This knowledge can help improve flood risk management.
Giulia Bruno, Laurent Strohmenger, and Doris Duethmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2678, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Decreases in streamflow during dry periods threaten ecosystems and society, and increases in evapotranspiration may contribute to them. From data for small catchments in Germany, summer low flows decreased over 1970–2019 and increases in evapotranspiration relevantly contributed. Stronger-than-expected decreases in streamflow during the 1989–1993 drought occurred in catchments with increases in evapotranspiration. Increases in evapotranspiration need full consideration for streamflow prediction.
Jun Liu, Julian Koch, Simon Stisen, Lars Troldborg, and Raphael J. M. Schneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2871–2893, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2871-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2871-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed hybrid schemes to enhance national-scale streamflow predictions, combining long short-term memory (LSTM) with a physically based hydrological model (PBM). A comprehensive evaluation of hybrid setups across Denmark indicates that LSTM models forced by climate data and catchment attributes perform well in many regions but face challenges in groundwater-dependent basins. The hybrid schemes supported by PBMs perform better in reproducing long-term streamflow behavior and extreme events.
Yongyong Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhai, Jun Xia, Qiuhong Tang, Wei Wang, Jian Wu, Xiaoyu Niu, and Bing Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-126, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-126, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to investigate flood variabilities and their formation mechanisms from massive event samples. This study explores spatiotemporal variabilities of 1446 flood events using hierarchical and partitional clustering methods. Control mechanisms of meteorological and physio-geographical factors are explored for individual flood event classes using constrained rank analysis. It provides insights into comprehensive changes of flood events, and aids in flood prediction and control.
Hsing-Jui Wang, Ralf Merz, Soohyun Yang, and Stefano Basso
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4369–4384, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately assessing heavy-tailed flood behavior with limited data records is challenging and can lead to inaccurate hazard estimates. Our research introduces a new index that uses hydrograph recession to identify heavy-tailed flood behavior, compare severity, and produce reliable results with short data records. This index overcomes the limitations of current metrics, which lack physical meaning and require long records. It thus provides valuable insight into the flood hazard of river basins.
Jun-Yi Lee, Ci-Jian Yang, Tsung-Ren Peng, Tsung-Yu Lee, and Jr-Chuan Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4279–4294, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow recession, shaped by landscape and rainfall, is not well understood. This study examines their combined impact using data from 19 mountainous rivers. Longer, gentler hillslopes promote flow and reduce nonlinearity, while larger catchments with more rainfall show increased landscape heterogeneity. In small catchments, the exponent decreases with rainfall, indicating less landscape and runoff variation. Further research is needed to validate these findings across diverse regions.
Jared C. Magyar and Malcolm Sambridge
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 991–1010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring the similarity of distributions of water is a useful tool for model calibration and assessment. We provide a new way of measuring this similarity for streamflow time series. It is derived from the concept of the amount of
workrequired to rearrange one mass distribution into the other. We also use similar mathematical techniques for defining a type of
averagebetween water distributions.
Manuela Irene Brunner and Philippe Naveau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 673–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoir regulation affects various streamflow characteristics. Still, information on when water is stored in and released from reservoirs is hardly available. We develop a statistical model to reconstruct reservoir operation signals from observed streamflow time series. By applying this approach to 74 catchments in the Alps, we find that reservoir management varies by catchment elevation and that seasonal redistribution from summer to winter is strongest in high-elevation catchments.
Gnanathikkam Emmanuel Amirthanathan, Mohammed Abdul Bari, Fitsum Markos Woldemeskel, Narendra Kumar Tuteja, and Paul Martinus Feikema
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 229–254, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used statistical tests to detect annual and seasonal streamflow trends and step changes across Australia. The Murray–Darling Basin and other rivers in the southern and north-eastern areas showed decreasing trends. Only rivers in the Timor Sea region in northern Australia showed significant increasing trends. Our results assist with infrastructure planning and management of water resources. This study was undertaken by the Bureau of Meteorology with its responsibility under the Water Act 2007.
Shijie Jiang, Emanuele Bevacqua, and Jakob Zscheischler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6339–6359, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a novel explainable machine learning approach, we investigated the contributions of precipitation, temperature, and day length to different peak discharges, thereby uncovering three primary flooding mechanisms widespread in European catchments. The results indicate that flooding mechanisms have changed in numerous catchments over the past 70 years. The study highlights the potential of artificial intelligence in revealing complex changes in extreme events related to climate change.
Jiarong Wang, Xi Chen, Man Gao, Qi Hu, and Jintao Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3901–3920, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The accelerated climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau after 1997 has strong consequences for hydrology, geography, and social wellbeing. In hydrology, the change in streamflow as a result of changes in dynamic water storage originating from glacier melt and permafrost thawing in a warming climate directly affects the available water resources for societies of some of the most populated nations in the world.
Esther Xu Fei and Ciaran Joseph Harman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1977–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1977-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1977-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Water in streams is a mixture of water from many sources. It is sometimes possible to identify the chemical fingerprint of each source and track the time-varying contribution of that source to the total flow rate. But what if you do not know the chemical fingerprint of each source? Can you simultaneously identify the sources (called end-members), and separate the water into contributions from each, using only samples of water from the stream? Here we suggest a method for doing just that.
Guofeng Zhu, Zhigang Sun, Yuanxiao Xu, Yuwei Liu, Zhuanxia Zhang, Liyuan Sang, and Lei Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-75, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the stable isotopic composition of surface water and estimated its evaporative loss in the Shiyang River Basin. The characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show a gradual enrichment from mountainous areas to deserts, and the evaporation loss of surface water also shows a gradually increasing trend from upstream to downstream. The study of evaporative losses in the river-lake continuum contributes to the sustainable use of water resources.
Paul Royer-Gaspard, Vazken Andréassian, and Guillaume Thirel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5703–5716, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most evaluation studies based on the differential split-sample test (DSST) endorse the consensus that rainfall–runoff models lack climatic robustness. In this technical note, we propose a new performance metric to evaluate model robustness without applying the DSST and which can be used with a single hydrological model calibration. Our work makes it possible to evaluate the temporal transferability of any hydrological model, including uncalibrated models, at a very low computational cost.
Wencong Yang, Hanbo Yang, Dawen Yang, and Aizhong Hou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2705–2720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2705-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2705-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantified the causal effects of land cover changes and dams on the changes in annual maximum discharges (Q) in 757 catchments of China using panel regressions. We found that a 1 % point increase in urban areas causes a 3.9 % increase in Q, and a 1 unit increase in reservoir index causes a 21.4 % decrease in Q for catchments with no dam before. This study takes the first step to explain the human-caused flood changes on a national scale in China.
Weifei Yang, Changlai Xiao, Zhihao Zhang, and Xiujuan Liang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1747–1760, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1747-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1747-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed the effectiveness of the conductivity mass balance (CMB) method for correcting the Eckhardt method. The results showed that the approach of calibrating the Eckhardt method against the CMB method provides a
falsecalibration of total baseflow by offsetting the inherent biases in the baseflow sequences generated by the two methods. The reason for this phenomenon is the baseflow series generated by the two methods containing different transient water sources.
Juliane Mai, James R. Craig, and Bryan A. Tolson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5835–5858, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5835-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5835-2020, 2020
James W. Kirchner and Julia L. A. Knapp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5539–5558, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5539-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5539-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble hydrograph separation is a powerful new tool for measuring the age distribution of streamwater. However, the calculations are complex and may be difficult for researchers to implement on their own. Here we present scripts that perform these calculations in either MATLAB or R so that researchers do not need to write their own codes. We explain how these scripts work and how to use them. We demonstrate several potential applications using a synthetic catchment data set.
Antoine Allam, Roger Moussa, Wajdi Najem, and Claude Bocquillon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4503–4521, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4503-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4503-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
With serious concerns about global change rising in the Mediterranean, we established a new climatic classification to follow hydrological and ecohydrological activities. The classification coincided with a geographical distribution ranging from the most seasonal and driest class in the south to the least seasonal and most humid in the north. RCM scenarios showed that northern classes evolve to southern ones with shorter humid seasons and earlier snowmelt which might affect hydrologic regimes.
Mingguo Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2365–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2365-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2365-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed a mathematically precise method to partition climate and catchment effects on streamflow. The method reveals that both the change magnitude and pathway (timing of change), not the magnitude alone, dictate the partition unless for a linear system. The method has wide relevance. For example, it suggests that the global warming effect of carbon emission is path dependent, and an optimal pathway would facilitate a higher global budget of carbon emission.
José Manuel Tunqui Neira, Vazken Andréassian, Gaëlle Tallec, and Jean-Marie Mouchel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1823–1830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper deals with the mathematical representation of concentration–discharge relationships. We propose a two-sided affine power scaling relationship (2S-APS) as an alternative to the classic one-sided power scaling relationship (commonly known as
power law). We also discuss the identification of the parameters of the proposed relationship, using an appropriate numerical criterion, based on high-frequency chemical time series of the Orgeval-ORACLE observatory.
Long Yang, Lachun Wang, Xiang Li, and Jie Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5133–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5133-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5133-2019, 2019
Julia L. A. Knapp, Colin Neal, Alessandro Schlumpf, Margaret Neal, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4367–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4367-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4367-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe, present, and make publicly available two extensive data sets of stable water isotopes in streamwater and precipitation at Plynlimon, Wales, consisting of measurements at 7-hourly intervals for 17 months and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years. We use these data to calculate new water fractions and transit time distributions for different discharge rates and seasons, thus quantifying the contribution of recent precipitation to streamflow under different conditions.
Hui-Min Wang, Jie Chen, Chong-Yu Xu, Hua Chen, Shenglian Guo, Ping Xie, and Xiangquan Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4033–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
When using large ensembles of global climate models in hydrological impact studies, there are pragmatic questions on whether it is necessary to weight climate models and how to weight them. We use eight methods to weight climate models straightforwardly, based on their performances in hydrological simulations, and investigate the influences of the assigned weights. This study concludes that using bias correction and equal weighting is likely viable and sufficient for hydrological impact studies.
Vazken Andréassian and Tewfik Sari
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2339–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2339-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2339-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this Technical Note, we present two water balance formulas: the Turc–Mezentsev and Tixeront–Fu formulas. These formulas have a puzzling numerical similarity, which we discuss in detail and try to interpret mathematically and hydrologically.
Jan De Niel and Patrick Willems
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 871–882, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-871-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-871-2019, 2019
James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 303–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
How long does it take for raindrops to become streamflow? Here I propose a new approach to this old problem. I show how we can use time series of isotope data to measure the average fraction of same-day rainfall appearing in streamflow, even if this fraction varies greatly from rainstorm to rainstorm. I show that we can quantify how this fraction changes from small rainstorms to big ones, and from high flows to low flows, and how it changes with the lag time between rainfall and streamflow.
Ane Zabaleta, Eneko Garmendia, Petr Mariel, Ibon Tamayo, and Iñaki Antigüedad
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5227–5241, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5227-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5227-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes relationships between land cover and river discharge. Using discharge data from 20 catchments of the Bay of Biscay findings showed the influence of land cover on discharge changes with the amount of precipitation, with lower annual water resources associated with the greater presence of forests. Results obtained illustrate the relevance of land planning to the management of water resources and the opportunity to consider it in future climate-change adaptation strategies.
Dusan Jovanovic, Tijana Jovanovic, Alfonso Mejía, Jon Hathaway, and Edoardo Daly
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3551–3559, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3551-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3551-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A relationship between the Hurst (H) exponent (a long-term correlation coefficient) within a flow time series and various catchment characteristics for a number of catchments in the USA and Australia was investigated. A negative relationship with imperviousness was identified, which allowed for an efficient catchment classification, thus making the H exponent a useful metric to quantitatively assess the impact of catchment imperviousness on streamflow regime.
Chuanhao Wu, Bill X. Hu, Guoru Huang, Peng Wang, and Kai Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1971–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1971-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1971-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
China has suffered some of the effects of global warming, and one of the potential implications of climate warming is the alteration of the temporal–spatial patterns of water resources. In this paper, the Budyko-based elasticity method was used to investigate the responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over China at both grid and catchment scales. The results help to better understand the hydrological effects of climate change and adapt to a changing environment.
Samuel Saxe, Terri S. Hogue, and Lauren Hay
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1221–1237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1221-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1221-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of wildfire on watershed flow regimes, examining responses across the western United States. On a national scale, our results confirm the work of prior studies: that low, high, and peak flows typically increase following a wildfire. Regionally, results are more variable and sometimes contradictory. Our results may be significant in justifying the calibration of watershed models and in contributing to the overall observational analysis of post-fire streamflow response.
Annette Witt, Bruce D. Malamud, Clara Mangili, and Achim Brauer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5547–5581, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5547-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5547-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a unique 9.5 m palaeo-lacustrine record of 771 palaeofloods which occurred over a period of 10 000 years in the Piànico–Sèllere basin (southern Alps) during an interglacial period in the Pleistocene (sometime between 400 000 and 800 000 years ago). We analyse the palaeoflood series correlation, clustering, and cyclicity properties, finding a long-range cyclicity with a period of about 2030 years superimposed onto a fractional noise.
Steve J. Birkinshaw, Selma B. Guerreiro, Alex Nicholson, Qiuhua Liang, Paul Quinn, Lili Zhang, Bin He, Junxian Yin, and Hayley J. Fowler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1911–1927, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1911-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1911-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Yangtze River basin in China is home to more than 400 million people and susceptible to major floods. We used projections of future precipitation and temperature from 35 of the most recent global climate models and applied this to a hydrological model of the Yangtze. Changes in the annual discharge varied between a 29.8 % decrease and a 16.0 % increase. The main reason for the difference between the models was the predicted expansion of the summer monsoon north and and west into the basin.
Maurizio Mazzoleni, Martin Verlaan, Leonardo Alfonso, Martina Monego, Daniele Norbiato, Miche Ferri, and Dimitri P. Solomatine
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 839–861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-839-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-839-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the potential use of crowdsourced data in hydrological modeling, which are characterized by irregular availability and variable accuracy. We show that even data with these characteristics can improve flood prediction if properly integrated into hydrological models. This study provides technological support to citizen observatories of water, in which citizens can play an active role in capturing information, leading to improved model forecasts and better flood management.
Martin Durocher, Fateh Chebana, and Taha B. M. J. Ouarda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4717–4729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4717-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4717-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For regional flood frequency, it is challenging to identify regions with similar hydrological properties. Therefore, previous works have mainly proposed to use regions with similar physiographical properties. This research proposes instead to nonlinearly predict the desired hydrological properties before using them for delineation. The presented method is applied to a case study in Québec, Canada, and leads to hydrologically relevant regions, while enhancing predictions made inside them.
Donghua Zhang, Henrik Madsen, Marc E. Ridler, Jacob Kidmose, Karsten H. Jensen, and Jens C. Refsgaard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4341–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4341-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4341-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to assimilate observed groundwater head and soil moisture profiles into an integrated hydrological model. The study uses the ensemble transform Kalman filter method and the MIKE SHE hydrological model code. The proposed method is shown to be more robust and provide better results for two cases in Denmark, and is also validated using real data. The hydrological model with assimilation overall improved performance compared to the model without assimilation.
Morgan Fonley, Ricardo Mantilla, Scott J. Small, and Rodica Curtu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2899–2912, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We design and implement a theoretical experiment to show that, under low-flow conditions, observed streamflow discrepancies between early and late summer can be attributed to different flow velocities in the river network. By developing an analytic solution to represent flow along a given river network, we emphasize the dependence of streamflow amplitude and time delay on the geomorphology of the network. We also simulate using a realistic river network to highlight the effects of scale.
Zhongwei Huang, Hanbo Yang, and Dawen Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2573–2587, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2573-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2573-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrologic processes have been influenced by different climatic factors. However, the dominant climatic factor driving annual runoff change is still unknown in many catchments in China. By using the climate elasticity method proposed by Yang and Yang (2011), the elasticity of runoff to climatic factors was estimated, and the dominant climatic factors driving annual runoff change were detected at catchment scale over China.
Jørn Rasmussen, Henrik Madsen, Karsten Høgh Jensen, and Jens Christian Refsgaard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2103–2118, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2103-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2103-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In the paper, observations are assimilated into a hydrological model in order to improve the model performance. Two methods for detecting and correcting systematic errors (bias) in groundwater head observations are used leading to improved results compared to standard assimilation methods which ignores any bias. This is demonstrated using both synthetic (user generated) observations and real-world observations.
Mohammed Achite and Sylvain Ouillon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1355–1372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1355-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1355-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Changes of T, P, Q and sediment fluxes in a semi-arid basin little affected by human activities are analyzed from 40 years of measurements. T increased, P decreased, an earlier onset of first summer rains occurred. The flow regime shifted from perennial to intermittent. Sediment flux almost doubled every decade. The sediment regime shifted from two equivalent seasons of sediment delivery to a single major season regime. The C–Q rating curve ability declined due to enhanced hysteresis effects.
C. E. M. Lloyd, J. E. Freer, P. J. Johnes, and A. L. Collins
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 625–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-625-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-625-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper examines the current methodologies for quantifying storm behaviour through hysteresis analysis, and explores a new method. Each method is systematically tested and the impact on the results is examined. Recommendations are made regarding the most effective method of calculating a hysteresis index. This new method allows storm hysteresis behaviour to be directly compared between storms, parameters, and catchments, meaning it has wide application potential in water quality research.
W. Hu and B. C. Si
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 571–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-571-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-571-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Spatiotemporal SWC was decomposed into into three terms (spatial forcing, temporal forcing, and interactions between spatial and temporal forcing) for near surface and root zone; Empirical orthogonal function indicated that underlying patterns exist in the interaction term at small watershed scales; Estimation of spatially distributed SWC benefits from decomposition of the interaction term; The suggested decomposition of SWC with time stability analysis has potential in SWC downscaling.
Y. Chen, J. Li, and H. Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 375–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-375-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-375-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Parameter optimization is necessary to improve the flood forecasting capability of physically based distributed hydrological model. A method for parameter optimization with particle swam optimization (PSO) algorithm has been proposed for physically based distributed hydrological model in catchment flood forecasting and validated in southern China. It has found that the appropriate particle number and maximum evolution number of PSO algorithm are 20 and 30 respectively.
D. Hawtree, J. P. Nunes, J. J. Keizer, R. Jacinto, J. Santos, M. E. Rial-Rivas, A.-K. Boulet, F. Tavares-Wahren, and K.-H. Feger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3033–3045, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3033-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3033-2015, 2015
J. Rasmussen, H. Madsen, K. H. Jensen, and J. C. Refsgaard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2999–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2999-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2999-2015, 2015
C. Kormann, T. Francke, M. Renner, and A. Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1225–1245, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1225-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1225-2015, 2015
S. Gharari, M. Shafiei, M. Hrachowitz, R. Kumar, F. Fenicia, H. V. Gupta, and H. H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4861–4870, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4861-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4861-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration
– Guidelines for computing crop waters requirements – FAO irrigation and
drainage paper 56; chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4, annex 3 & 5, 1998.
Andréassian, V.: Waters and forests: from historical controversy to
scientific debate, J. Hydrol., 291, 1–27, 2004.
Balme-Debionne, S.: Analyse du régime pluviométrique sahélien
dans une perspective hydrologique et agronomique, Etude de l'impact de sa
variabilité sur la culture du mil, Thèse INP Grenoble, 162 pp., 2004.
Barker, L. J., Hannaford, J., Chiverton, A., and Svensson, C.: From meteorological to hydrological drought using standardised indicators, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2483–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2483-2016, 2016.
Bartlett, M. S.: Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests.
P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy., 160, 268–282, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1937.0109, 1937.
Beard, L. R.: Statistical analysis in hydrology, ASCE Trans., 108,
1110–1160, 1943.
Bisai, D., Chatterjee, S., Khan, A., and Barman, N. K.: Application of
sequential Mann-Kendall test for detection of approximate significant change
point in surface air temperature for Kolkata weather observatory, West
Bengal, India International Journal of Current Research, 6, 5319–5324, 2014.
Brodie, R. S. and Hostetler, S.: A Review of Techniques for analysing
Baseflow from Stream Hydrographs, B. o. R. Sciences, Canberra, 5 pp., 2005.
Brown, A. E., Zhang, L., MacMahon, T. A., Western, A. W., and Vertessy R. A.: A
review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield
resulting from alterations in vegetation, J. Hydrol., 310, 28–61,
2005.
Cantat, O.: Analyse critique sur les tendances pluviométriques du 20e
siècle en basse Normandie : réflexion sur la fiabilité des
données et le changement climatique. Annale de l'Association
Internationale de Climatologie, Vol. 1, 31 pp., 2004.
Chaouche, K., Neppel, L., Dieulin, C., Pujol, N., Ladouche, B., Martin, E.,
Salas, D., and Caballero Y.: Analyses of precipitation, temperature and
evapotranspiration in a French Mediterranean region in the context of
climate change, C. R. Geosci., 342, 234–243, ISSN 1631-0713,
2010.
Conover, W. L.: Pratical nomparametric statistics, 3rd edition, Wiley & Sons, p. 584, 1999.
De la Casa, A. and Ovando, G. G.: Variation of reference evapotranspiration
in the central region of Argentina between 1941 and 2010, J. Hydrol., 5, 66–79, 2016.
Douglas, E. M., Vogel, R. M., and Kroll, C. M.: Trends in flood and low flows
in the United States: impact of spatial correlation, J. Hydrol.,
240, 90–105, 2000.
Drobinski, P., Ducrocq, V., Alpert, P., Anagnostou, E., Béranger, K.,
Borga, M., Braud, I., Chanzy, A., Davolio, S., Delrieu, G., Estournel, C.,
Boubrahmi, N.F., Font, J., Grubišić, V., Gualdi, S., Homar, V.,
Ivančan-Picek, B., Kottmeier, C., Kotroni, V., Lagouvardos, K. ,
Lionello, P., Llasat, M.C., Ludwig, W., Lutoff, C., Mariotti, A., Richard,
E., Romero, R. , Rotunno, R., Roussot, O., Ruin, I., Somot, S.,
Taupier-Letage, I., Tintore, J., Uijlenhoet, R., and Wernli, H.: HyMeX: A
10-Year Multidisciplinary Program on the Mediterranean Water Cycle, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1063–1082, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00242.1, 2014.
Eckstein, B. A.: Evaluation of spline and weighted average interpolation
algorithms, Computers and Geosciences, 15, 79–97, 1989.
Folton, N., Tolsa, M., and Arnaud, P.: Le Bassin de recherche du Réal
Collobrier, Étude des processus hydrologiques en milieu
méditerranéen a échelle fine, Actes du Colloque 50 ans de
l'Orgeval et 37èmes journées du GFHN, Paris, FRA, IRSTEA, 7 pp., 2012.
Folton, N., Andréassian V., and Duperray, R.: Hydrological impact of
forest fire from paired catchment and rainfall-runoff modelling
perspectives, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 60, 1213–1224, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1035274, 2015.
Gao, Z., He, J., Dong, K., and Lin, X.: Trends in reference
evapotranspiration and their causative factors in the West Lia River basin
China, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 232, 106–117, 2017.
Gerstengarbe, F. W. and Werner P. C.: Estimation of the beginning and end of
recurrent events within a climate regime, Clim. Res., 11, 97–107,
1999.
Giuntoli, I., Renard, B., Vidal J. P., and Bard, A.: Low Flows in France and
their relationship to large scale climate indices, J. Hydrol., 482, 105–118, 2013.
Gocic, M. and Trajkovic, S.: Analysis of changes in meteorological
variables using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests in
Serbia, Global Environ. Chang., 100, 172–182, 2013.
Gregor, M.: Methodology, in: Surface- and Groundwater Quality Changes in
Periods of Water Scarcity, Springer Theses (Recognizing Outstanding PhD
Research), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 3–54, 2013.
Guttman, N. B.: Accepting the “Standardized Precipitation Index”: a
calculation algorithm index, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 35, 311–322, 1999.
Gustard, A. and Tallaksen, L.: Low-Flow indices in Manual on Low-Flow, Estimation and Prediction, Operational Hydrology report (50), edited by: Gustard, A., and Demuth, S., WMO (1029), 43–49, 2008.
Habets, F., Boone, A., Champeaux, J. L., Etchevers, P., Franchistéguy,
L., Leblois, E., Ledoux, E., Le Moigne, P., Martin , E., Morel S., Noilhan,
J., Quintana Segui, P., Rousset-Regimbeau, F., and Viennot, P. :The
SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU hydrometeorological model applied over France, J.
Geophys. Res., 113, D06113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008548, 2008.
Hamed, K. H.: Trend detection in hydrology data: The Mann-Kendall trends test
under the scaling hypothesis, J. Hydrol., 349, 350–363, 2008.
Hamed, K. H. and Rao, A. R.: A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for auto
correlated data, J. Hydrol., 204, 182–196, 1998.
Hayes, M. J., Svoboda, M. D., Wall, N., and Widhalm, M.: The Lincoln
Declaration on Drought Indices – Universal meteorological drought index
recommended, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 485–488, 2011.
Helsel, D. R. and Hirsch, R. M.: Statistical method in water resources,
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological
Survey, Book 4, available at: https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri4a3/pdf/twri4a3-new.pdf (last access: June 1991), Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation, 2002.
Hertig, E. and Tramblay, Y.: Regional downscaling of Mediterranean droughts
under past and future climatic conditions, Climate variability and change in
the Mediterranean region, Global Environ. Chang., 151, 36–48, ISSN 0921-8181, 2017.
Hewlett, J. D.: Principles of forest hydrology, The University of Georgia
Press, Athens, 183 pp., 1982.
Hibbert, A. R.: Forest treatment effects on water yield in Forest Hydrology,
Proceedings of the National Science Foundation Advanced Science Seminar,
257–543, 1967.
Hipel, K. W. and McLeod, A. I.: Time Series Modelling of Water Resources and
Environmental Systems, Electronic reprint of our book orginally published in
1994, 1013 pp., 2005.
Hisdal, H., Clausen, B., Gustard, A., Peters, E., and Tallaksen, L. M.:
Event Definitions and Indices, in: Hydrological Drought – Processes and
Estimation Methods for Streamflow and Groundwater, edited by: Tallaksen, L.
M. and van Lanen, H. A. J., Dev. Water Sci., 48, 139–198, 2004.
Institute of Hydrology: Low Flows Studies Report, 3 volumes, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, 1980.
Javanmard, S., Emanhadi, M., Bodaghjamali, J., and Didehvarasl, A.: Spatial
temporal analysis of drought in Iran using SPI during a long term period,
Earth Sci., 6 15–29, 2017.
Jhajharia, D., Dinpashoh, Y., Kahya, E., Singh, P. V., and Fakheri-Fard, A.: Trends
in reference evapotranspiration in the humid region of northeast India,
Hydrol Proc., 26, 421–435, 2012.
Jhajharia, D., Dinpashoh, Y., Kahya, E., Choudhary, R. R., and Singh, V. P.: Trends
in temperature over Godavari River basin in Southern Peninsular India. Int.
J. Climatol., 34, 1369–1384, 2013.
Kendall, M. G.: Rank Correlation Methods – Griffin, London, UK, 202 pp., 1975.
Kumar, M., Denis, M. D., and Suryavanshi, S.: Long-term climatic trend analysis
of Giridih district, Jharkland (India) using statistical approach, Model.
Earth Syst. Environ., 2, 112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0162-2, 2016.
Kumar, S., Merwade, V., Kam, J., and Thurner, K.: Streamflow trends in Indiana:
effects of long term persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains, J
Hydrol., 374, 171–183, 2009.
Laaha, G., Gauster, T., Tallaksen, L. M., Vidal, J.-P., Stahl, K., Prudhomme, C., Heudorfer, B., Vlnas, R., Ionita, M., Van Lanen, H. A. J., Adler, M.-J., Caillouet, L., Delus, C., Fendekova, M., Gailliez, S., Hannaford, J., Kingston, D., Van Loon, A. F., Mediero, L., Osuch, M., Romanowicz, R., Sauquet, E., Stagge, J. H., and Wong, W. K.: The European 2015 drought from a hydrological perspective, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3001–3024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3001-2017, 2017.
Ladson, A. R., Brown, R., Neal, B., and Nathan R.: A Standard Approach to
Baseflow Separation Using The Lyne and Hollick Filter, Australian Journal of
Water Resources, 17, 25–34,https://doi.org/10.7158/13241583.2013.11465417, 2015.
Lavabre, J.: Research drainage basin of the Real Collobrier: Flow
modelisation regional analysis, Flow Regimes from International experimental
and Network Data sets, publication IAHS, 187, 423–434, 1989.
Lavabre, J., Aranud, P., Folton, N., and Michel, C.: Hydrological response
of a little Mediterranean basin flows after fire, Conférence
internationale: XXII General Assembly, E.G.S., Nice 20–24 April 1998.
Lavabre, J., Martin, C., and Folton, N.: Impact de l'incendie sur le
comportement hydrologique du bassin versant, Chapitre III, in:
Conséquences d'un incendie de forêt dans le bassin versant du
Rimbaud (massif des Maures, Var, France): destruction et
régénération du couvert végétal, impacts sur
l'hydrologie, l'hydrochimie et les phénomènes d'érosion
mécanique, Cemagref Editions, Coll. Etudes, Gestion des milieux
aquatiques, 16, 33–49, 2000.
Lee, S. H., Yoo, S. H., Choi, J. Y., and Bae, S.: Assessment of the impact of
climate change on drought characteristics in the Hwanghae plain, North Korea
using time series SPI and SPEI: 1981–210, MDPI, 9, 1–19, 2017.
Lespinas, F., Ludwig, W., and Heussner, S.: Impact of recent climate change
on the hydrology of coastal Mediterranean rivers in Southern France,
Climatic Change, 99, 425–456, 2010.
Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Morán-Tejeda, E., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., and López-Moreno, J. I.: Streamflow droughts in the Iberian Peninsula between 1945 and 2005: spatial and temporal patterns, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 119–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-119-2013, 2013.
Louvet, S., Paturel, J. E., Mahe, G., Vigaud, N., Roucou, P., Rouche, N.,
and Koite, M.: Past and future spatio-temporal variability of rainfall of
the Bani catchment in West Africa. Hydro-climatology: Variability and Change
(processing of symposium in Melbourne, Australia, July 2011), IAHS Publ., 344, 125–130, 2011.
Lyne, V. D. and Hollick, M.: Stochastic time-variable rainfall-runoff
modelling, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Perth, Institution of
Engineers, Australia, 79 pp., 1979.
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., and Kleist, J.: The relationship of drought
frequency and duration of time scales, Eighth Conference on Applied
Climatology, American Meteorological Society, 202 pp., 1993.
Mann, H. B.: Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187, 1945.
Martin, C.: L'érosion différentielle dans la région de
Collobrières, Massif des Maures – Var, Méditerranée,
deuxième série tome, 11, 159–170, 1972.
Nathan, R. J. and McMahon, T. A.: Evaluation of automated techniques for base flow and recession analyses, Water Resour. Res., 26, 1465–1473, 1990.
Perrin, C., Michel, C., and Andreassian, V.: Improvement of a parsimonious
model for streamflow simulation, J. Hydrol., 279, 275–289,
2003.
Peterson, T. C., Folland, C., Griza, G., Hogg, W., Mokssit, A., and Plummer,
N.: Report on the Activities of the Working Group on Climate Change
Detection and Related Rapporteurs 1998–2001, WMO, Rep. WCDMP-47, WMO-TD
1071, Genève, Switzerland, 143 pp., 2001.
Pujol, N., Neppel, L., and Sabatier, R.: Regional tests for trend detection in
maximum precipitation series in the French Mediterranean region,
Hydrolog. Sci. J., 52, 956–973, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.52.5.956,
2007.
Ribes, A., Thao, S., Vautard, R., Dubuisson, B., Somot, S., Colin, J.,
Planton, S., and Soubeyroux, J.-M.: Observed increase in extreme daily
rainfall in the French Mediterranean, Clim. Dynam., 52, 1095–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4179-2, 2018.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's Tau,
J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, 1968.
Sicard, P.: Caractérisation des retombées atmosphériques en
France en zone rurale sous forme de précipitations, gaz et aérosols,
Analyse des tendances spatio-temporelles et des séries chronologiques,
PhD Dissertation, University Lille, France, 426 pp., 2006.
Smathkin, Y. V. and Watkins, D. A.: Lowflow estimation in South Africa, Water
research Commission, Report No. 494/1/97, Pretoria, South Africa,
1967.
Sneyres, R.: On the statistical Analysis of Time Series of Observation
Technical Note No. 143, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 1990.
Ssegane, H., Amatya, D., Chescheir, G., Skaggs, W., Tollner, E., and Nettles,
J.: Consistency of Hydrologic Relationships of a Paired Watershed Approach,
American Journal of Climate Change, 2, 147–164, https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2013.22015, 2013.
Stagge, J. H., Tallaken, L. M., Gudmundsson, L., Loon, A. F., and Stahl, K.:
Candidate distributions for climatological drought indices (SPI and SPEI),
Int. J. Climatol., 35, 4027–4040, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4267, 2015.
Stewart, I. T., Cayan, D. R., and Dettinger, M. D.: Changes toward earlier
streamflow timing across western North America, J. Climate, 18, 1136–1155,
2005.
Tabari, H., Somee, B. S., and Zadech, M. R.: Testing for long-term trends in
climatic variables in Iran, Atmos. Res., 100, 132–140, 2011.
Tolsa, M., Folton, N., and Arnaud, P.: Bassin versant expérimental du Réal Collobrier (Data set), Irstea, https://doi.org/doi.org/10.17180/obs.real, 2015.
Hisdal, H., Tallaksen L. M., Clausen, B., Peters, E., and Gustard, V. L.: Hydrological Drought Characteristics in: Hydrological Drought, Processes and Estimation Methods for Streamflow and Groundwater, edited by: Tallaksen L. M. and Van Lanen, H. A. J. Developments in Water Science 48, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 139–198, 2004.
Theil, H.: A rank invariant method of linear and polynomial regression
analysis: par 3, Nederland's Akad, Wetensch. Proc., 53, 1397–1412, 1950.
Tramblay, Y., Neppel, L., Carreau, J., and Najib, K.: Non-stationary
frequency analysis of heavy rainfall events in Southern France, Hydrol. Sci.
J., 58, 280–294, 2013.
Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D.: Modern applied Statistics with S. Fourth
Edition Springer Verlag, 498 pp., 2002.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., López-Moreno, J. I., Beguería, S.,
Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Azorin-Molina, C., and Morán-Tejeda, E.: Accurate
computation of a streamflow drought index, J. Hydrol. Eng., 17, 318–332,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000433, 2012.
Vidal, J.-P., Martin, E., Franchistéguy, L., Habets, F., Soubeyroux, J.-M., Blanchard, M., and Baillon, M.: Multilevel and multiscale drought reanalysis over France with the Safran-Isba-Modcou hydrometeorological suite, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 459–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-459-2010, 2010.
Vogel, R. M. and Fennessey, N. M.: Flow duration curves (2), New
interpretation and confidence intervals, J. Water Res. Pl., 120, 485–504, 1995a.
Vogel, R. M. and Fennessey, N. M.: Flow duration curves (2), A review of
applications in water resources planning, Water Resour. Bull., 31, 1029–1039, 1995b.
Yacoub, E. and Tayfur, G.: Evaluation and assessment of meteorological
drought by different methods in Trarza regions, Mauritania, Water Resour.
Manag., 31, 825–845, 2017.
Yang, X., Xie, X., Liu De, L., Ji, F., and Wang, L.: Spatial Interpolation
of Daily Rainfall Data for Local Climate Impact Assessment over Greater
Sydney Region, Adv. Meteorol., 2015, 563629, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/563629, 2015.
Yevjevich, V.: An objective approach to definitions and investigations of
continental hydrologic droughts, Hydrology papers, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 23, 18 pp, 1967.
Yue, S., Pilon, P., Phinney, B., and Cavadias G.: The influence of
autocorrelation on the ability to detect trend in hydrology series, Hydrol. Proc., 16, 1807–1829, 2002.
Yue, S. and Wang, C.: The Mann-Kendall test modified by effective sample
size to detect trend in serially correlated hydrological series, Water
Resour. Manage., 18, 201–208, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:WARM.0000043140.61082.60, 2004.
Short summary
The long-term study of precipitation, flows, flood or drought mechanisms, in the Réal Collobrier research Watershed, located in South-East France, in the Mediterranean forest, improves knowledge of the water cycle and is unique tool for understanding of how catchments function. This study shows a small decrease in rainfall and a marked tendency towards a decrease in the water resources of the catchment in response to climate trends, with a consistent increase in drought severity and duration.
The long-term study of precipitation, flows, flood or drought mechanisms, in the Réal...
