Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Apr 2012
Research article |
| 02 Apr 2012
The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management
A. N. Laghari
Energy & Environment Engineering Department, Quaid-E-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah, Pakistan
D. Vanham
Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
W. Rauch
Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Related subject area
Subject: Water Resources Management | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Guiding community discussions on human–water challenges by serious gaming in the upper Ewaso Ngiro River basin, Kenya
Levee system transformation in coevolution between humans and water systems along the Kiso River, Japan
Reframing water demand management: a new co-governance framework coupling supply-side and demand-side solutions toward sustainability
HESS Opinions: The unsustainable use of groundwater conceals a “Day Zero”
Water productivity is in the eye of the beholder: benchmarking the multiple values produced by water use in the Phoenix metropolitan area
HESS Opinions: Drought impacts as failed prospects
Drought intensity–duration–frequency curves based on deficit in precipitation and streamflow for water resources management
Uncertainty in three dimensions: the challenges of communicating probabilistic flood forecast maps
To which extent are socio-hydrology studies truly integrative? The case of natural hazards and disaster research
Power and empowerment in transdisciplinary research: a negotiated approach for peri-urban groundwater problems in the Ganges Delta
A socio-hydrological framework for understanding conflict and cooperation with respect to transboundary rivers
A review of the applicability of the motivations and abilities (MOTA) framework for assessing the implementation success of water resources management plans and policies
Social dilemmas and poor water quality in household water systems
The limits to large-scale supply augmentation: exploring the crossroads of conflicting urban water system development pathways
Structural gaps of water resources knowledge in global river basins
Water sharing policies conditioned on hydrologic variability to inform reservoir operations
Characteristics of droughts in Argentina's core crop region
Quantifying the impacts of compound extremes on agriculture
Comparison of published palaeoclimate records suitable for reconstructing annual to sub-decadal hydroclimatic variability in eastern Australia: implications for water resource management and planning
Unraveling intractable water conflicts: the entanglement of science and politics in decision-making on large hydraulic infrastructure
A Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach for conducting trade-off analysis: Morocco's phosphate industry in the Khouribga region
A watershed classification approach that looks beyond hydrology: application to a semi-arid, agricultural region in Canada
Role-play simulations as an aid to achieve complex learning outcomes in hydrological science
Using a coupled agent-based modeling approach to analyze the role of risk perception in water management decisions
Geostatistical interpolation by quantile kriging
Flooded by jargon: how the interpretation of water-related terms differs between hydrology experts and the general audience
Challenges to implementing bottom-up flood risk decision analysis frameworks: how strong are social networks of flooding professionals?
Socio-hydrological spaces in the Jamuna River floodplain in Bangladesh
An improved method for calculating the regional crop water footprint based on a hydrological process analysis
How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers
An alternative approach for socio-hydrology: case study research
HESS Opinions: A conceptual framework for assessing socio-hydrological resilience under change
Socio-hydrological perspectives of the co-evolution of humans and groundwater in Cangzhou, North China Plain
Towards systematic planning of small-scale hydrological intervention-based research
Geoscience on television: a review of science communication literature in the context of geosciences
A "mental models" approach to the communication of subsurface hydrology and hazards
Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity
Socio-hydrological water balance for water allocation between human and environmental purposes in catchments
Long-term monitoring of nitrate transport to drainage from three agricultural clayey till fields
Complex network theory, streamflow, and hydrometric monitoring system design
Hydrological drought types in cold climates: quantitative analysis of causing factors and qualitative survey of impacts
Linked hydrologic and social systems that support resilience of traditional irrigation communities
Assessing blue and green water utilisation in wheat production of China from the perspectives of water footprint and total water use
A new framework for resolving conflicts over transboundary rivers using bankruptcy methods
Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept
Endogenous change: on cooperation and water availability in two ancient societies
Socio-hydrology and the science–policy interface: a case study of the Saskatchewan River basin
Relationships between environmental governance and water quality in a growing metropolitan area of the Pacific Northwest, USA
A journey of a thousand miles begins with one small step – human agency, hydrological processes and time in socio-hydrology
Socio-hydrologic perspectives of the co-evolution of humans and water in the Tarim River basin, Western China: the Taiji–Tire model
Charles Nduhiu Wamucii, Pieter R. van Oel, Adriaan J. Teuling, Arend Ligtenberg, John Mwangi Gathenya, Gert Jan Hofstede, Meine van Noordwijk, and Erika N. Speelman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3495–3518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study explored the role of serious gaming in strengthening stakeholder engagement in addressing human–water challenges. The gaming approach guided community discussions toward implementable decisions. The results showed increased active participation, knowledge gain, and use of plural pronouns. We observed decreased individual interests and conflicts among game participants. The study presents important implications for creating a collective basis for water resources management.
Shinichiro Nakamura, Fuko Nakai, Yuichiro Ito, Ginga Okada, and Taikan Oki
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2329–2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2329-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2329-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of levee systems is an important factor in determining whether a society fights or adapts to floods. This study presents the levee system transformation process over the past century, from the indigenous levee system to modern continuous levees, and its impacts on human–flood coevolution in the Kiso River basin, Japan, and reveals the interactions between levee systems and human–water systems involving different scales and water phenomena.
Yueyi Liu, Hang Zheng, and Jianshi Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2223–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate change is causing some previously arid regions to become more humid. Economic downturns in these areas are leading to a decrease in water demand. These factors are further leading to a certain level of under-utilization of existing water supply projects in the area. This study finds that actively releasing ecological water increases the sustainability of these water supply projects. The cost of ecological water supply can be recovered by investment in water-related businesses.
Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Juan Pablo Boisier, René Garreaud, Javier González, Roberto Rondanelli, Eugenia Gayó, and Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1605–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper reflects on the risks of overusing groundwater savings to supply permanent water use requirements. Using novel data recently developed for Chile, we reveal how groundwater is being overused, causing ecological and socioeconomic impacts and concealing a Day Zero
scenario. Our argument underscores the need for reformed water allocation rules and sustainable management, shifting from a perception of groundwater as an unlimited source to a finite and vital one.
Benjamin L. Ruddell and Richard Rushforth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1089–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1089-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1089-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study finds that bedroom cities show higher water productivity based on the standard efficiency benchmark of gallons per capita, but core cities that host large businesses show higher water productivity using a basket of economic values like taxes, payroll, and business revenues. Using a broader basket of water productivity benchmarks that consider more of the community’s socio-economic values and goals could inform more balanced and equitable water allocation decisions by policymakers.
Germano G. Ribeiro Neto, Sarra Kchouk, Lieke A. Melsen, Louise Cavalcante, David W. Walker, Art Dewulf, Alexandre C. Costa, Eduardo S. P. R. Martins, and Pieter R. van Oel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4217–4225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4217-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4217-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
People induce and modify droughts. However, we do not know exactly how relevant human and natural processes interact nor how to evaluate the co-evolution of people and water. Prospect theory can help us to explain the emergence of drought impacts leading to failed welfare expectations (“prospects”) due to water shortage. Our approach helps to explain socio-hydrological phenomena, such as reservoir effects, and can contribute to integrated drought management considering the local context.
Yonca Cavus, Kerstin Stahl, and Hafzullah Aksoy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3427–3445, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3427-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3427-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With intensified extremes under climate change, water demand increases. Every drop of water is more valuable than before when drought is experienced particularly. We developed drought intensity–duration–frequency curves using physical indicators, the deficit in precipitation and streamflow, for a more straightforward interpretation. Tests with the observed major droughts in two climatologically different catchments confirmed the practical applicability of the curves under drought conditions.
Valérie Jean, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Anissa Frini, and Dominic Roussel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3351–3373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Flood forecasts are only useful if they are understood correctly. They are also uncertain, and it is difficult to present all of the information about the forecast and its uncertainty on a map, as it is three dimensional (water depth and extent, in all directions). To overcome this, we interviewed 139 people to understand their preferences in terms of forecast visualization. We propose simple and effective ways of presenting flood forecast maps so that they can be understood and useful.
Franciele Maria Vanelli, Masato Kobiyama, and Mariana Madruga de Brito
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2301–2317, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a systematic literature review of socio-hydrological studies applied to natural hazards and disaster research. Results indicate that there is a wide range of understanding of what
socialmeans in socio-hydrology, and monodisciplinary studies prevail. We expect to encourage socio-hydrologists to investigate different disasters using a more integrative approach that combines natural and social sciences tools by involving stakeholders and broadening the use of mixed methods.
Leon M. Hermans, Vishal Narain, Remi Kempers, Sharlene L. Gomes, Poulomi Banerjee, Rezaul Hasan, Mashfiqus Salehin, Shah Alam Khan, A. T. M. Zakir Hossain, Kazi Faisal Islam, Sheikh Nazmul Huda, Partha Sarathi Banerjee, Binoy Majumder, Soma Majumder, and Wil A. H. Thissen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2201–2219, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Transdisciplinary water research involves the co-creation of knowledge between various stakeholders to advance science and resolve complex societal problems. In this paper, we describe challenges and responses to address power and politics as part of transdisciplinary research. This is done based on a project that combined known principles for transdisciplinary research with a negotiated approach to support groundwater management in peri-urban villages in India and Bangladesh.
Yongping Wei, Jing Wei, Gen Li, Shuanglei Wu, David Yu, Mohammad Ghoreishi, You Lu, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Murugesu Sivapalan, and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2131–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is increasing tension among the riparian countries of transboundary rivers. This article proposes a socio-hydrological framework that incorporates the slow and less visible societal processes into existing hydro-economic models, revealing the slow and hidden feedbacks between societal and hydrological processes. This framework will contribute to process-based understanding of the complex mechanism that drives conflict and cooperation in transboundary river management.
John Conallin, Nathan Ning, Jennifer Bond, Nicholas Pawsey, Lee J. Baumgartner, Dwi Atminarso, Hannah McPherson, Wayne Robinson, and Garry Thorncraft
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1357–1370, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Implementation failure is well known to be a major barrier to the success of water resource plans and policies. The motivations and abilities (MOTA) approach attempts to address this barrier, by providing a multi-stakeholder, multilevel tool to assess triggers, motivations and abilities supporting the implementation feasibility of plans. We review existing MOTA applications in various water management contexts and propose several complementary add-in applications to complement the approach.
Gopal Penny, Diogo Bolster, and Marc F. Müller
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1187–1202, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In residential areas with a high housing density, septic contamination of private wells raises multiple health concerns. Often, few regulations exist to ensure good water quality in such systems, and water quality is often left to the homeowner. To address the potential obstacles to effective management, we identify situations where misplaced economic incentives hinder effective policy to support water quality in such systems.
Jonatan Godinez Madrigal, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, Jaime Hoogesteger, Pamela Claure Gutierrez, and Pieter van der
Zaag
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 885–902, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-885-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-885-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Urban water systems are facing an increasing pressure on their water resources to guarantee safe and sufficient water access. Water managers often use tried and tested strategies like large supply augmentation infrastructure to address water problems. However, these projects do not address key problems and cause water conflicts. We conducted transdisciplinary research to show how water conflicts can change the development pathway of urban water systems by implementing alternative solutions.
Shuanglei Wu, Yongping Wei, and Xuemei Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5381–5398, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5381-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5381-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using publications indexed in the Web of Science, we investigated water resources knowledge development at the river basin scale since 1900 and found that legacy-driven knowledge structures, increasingly homogenized management issues, and largely static cross-disciplinary collaborations dominated highly researched river basins. A structural shift of water resources knowledge development to cope with the rapidly changing hydrological systems and associated management issues is urgently needed.
Guang Yang and Paul Block
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3617–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
There is a clear trade-off between reservoir hydropower generation and the variability in reservoir water release, which can be used to derive water-sharing policies and provide critical insights during riparian negotiations regarding downstream flows supplementing during drought conditions. This type of water-sharing policy can effectively mitigate the water use conflicts between upstream and downstream countries, especially during drought periods.
Leandro Carlos Sgroi, Miguel Angel Lovino, Ernesto Hugo Berbery, and Gabriela Viviana Müller
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2475–2490, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2475-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study advances the understanding and impacts of drought on wheat, corn, and soybean yields over Argentina's main crop region, where crop production is more intense and represents the main contribution to the country's gross domestic product. Our analysis focuses on drought properties, including the magnitude, frequency at different timescales, duration, and severity. This new approach can be helpful for regional decision-making and planning by water managers and in agricultural contexts.
Iman Haqiqi, Danielle S. Grogan, Thomas W. Hertel, and Wolfram Schlenker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 551–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-551-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-551-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines a fine-scale weather product with outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional metrics of individual and compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, a yield response function is estimated with individual and compound metrics focusing on corn in the United States during the 1981–2015 period. The findings suggest that metrics of compound hydroclimatic extremes are better predictors of corn yield variations than metrics of individual extremes.
Anna L. Flack, Anthony S. Kiem, Tessa R. Vance, Carly R. Tozer, and Jason L. Roberts
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5699–5712, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5699-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5699-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Palaeoclimate information was analysed for eastern Australia to determine when (and where) there was agreement about the timing of wet and dry epochs in the pre-instrumental period (1000–1899). The results show that instrumental records (~1900–present) underestimate the full range of rainfall variability that has occurred. When coupled with projected impacts of climate change and growing demands, these results highlight major challenges for water resource management and infrastructure.
Jonatan Godinez-Madrigal, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, and Pieter van der Zaag
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4903–4921, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4903-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4903-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our research studies whether science depoliticizes water conflicts or instead conflicts politicize science–policy processes. We analyze a water conflict due to the development of large infrastructure. We interviewed key actors in the conflict and replicated the results of water resources models developed to solve the conflict. We found that knowledge produced in isolation has no positive effect in transforming the conflict; instead, its potential could be enhanced if produced collaboratively.
Sang-Hyun Lee, Amjad T. Assi, Bassel Daher, Fatima E. Mengoub, and Rabi H. Mohtar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4727–4741, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Proper water availability for the right place and time in a changing climate requires analysis of complex scientific, technical, socioeconomic, regulatory, and political issues. A Water-Energy-Food Nexus Phosphate (WEF-P) Tool, based on integrating supply chain processes, transportation, and water–energy footprints could assess the various scenarios to offer an effective means of ensuring sustainable management of limited resources to both agricultural areas and the phosphate industry.
Jared D. Wolfe, Kevin R. Shook, Chris Spence, and Colin J. Whitfield
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3945–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3945-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3945-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Watershed classification can identify regions expected to respond similarly to disturbance. Methods should extend beyond hydrology to include other environmental questions, such as ecology and water quality. We developed a classification for the Canadian Prairie and identified seven classes defined by watershed characteristics, including elevation, climate, wetland density, and surficial geology. Results provide a basis for evaluating watershed response to land management and climate condition.
Arvid Bring and Steve W. Lyon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2369–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2369-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2369-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrology education strives to teach students both quantitative ability and complex professional skills. Our research shows that role-play simulations are useful to make students able to integrate various analytical skills in complicated settings while not interfering with traditional teaching that fosters their ability to solve mathematical problems. Despite this there are several potential challenging areas in using role-plays, and we therefore suggest ways around these potential roadblocks.
Jin-Young Hyun, Shih-Yu Huang, Yi-Chen Ethan Yang, Vincent Tidwell, and Jordan Macknick
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2261–2278, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2261-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2261-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study applies a two-way coupled agent-based model (ABM) with a river-reservoir management model (RiverWare) to analyze the role of risk perception in water management decisions using the Bayesian inference mapping joined with the cost–loss model. The calibration results capture the dynamics of historical irrigated area and streamflow changes and suggest that the proposed framework improves the representation of human decision-making processes compared to conventional rule-based ABMs.
Henning Lebrenz and András Bárdossy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1633–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1633-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1633-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Many variables, e.g., in hydrology, geology, and social sciences, are only observed at a few distinct measurement locations, and their actual distribution in the entire space remains unknown. We introduce the new geostatistical interpolation method of
quantile kriging, providing an improved estimator and associated uncertainty. It can also host variables, which would not fulfill the implicit presumptions of the traditional geostatistical interpolation methods.
Gemma J. Venhuizen, Rolf Hut, Casper Albers, Cathelijne R. Stoof, and Ionica Smeets
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 393–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-393-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-393-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Do experts attach the same meaning as laypeople to terms often used in hydrology such as "river", "flooding" and "downstream"? In this study a survey was completed by 34 experts and 119 laypeople to answer this question. We found that there are some profound differences between experts and laypeople: words like "river" and "river basin" turn out to have a different interpretation between the two groups. However, when using pictures there is much more agreement between the groups.
James O. Knighton, Osamu Tsuda, Rebecca Elliott, and M. Todd Walter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5657–5673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5657-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5657-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Decision-making for flood risk management is often the collective effort of professionals within government, NGOs, private practice, and advocacy groups. Our research investigates differences among flood experts within Tompkins County, New York (USA). We explore how they differ in their perceptions of flooding risk, desired project outcomes, and knowledge. We observe substantial differences among experts, and recommend formally acknowledging these perceptions when engaging in flood management.
Md Ruknul Ferdous, Anna Wesselink, Luigia Brandimarte, Kymo Slager, Margreet Zwarteveen, and Giuliano Di Baldassarre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5159–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5159-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5159-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Socio-hydrological space (SHS) is a concept that enriches the study of socio-hydrology because it helps understand the detailed human–water interactions in a specific location. The concept suggests that the interactions between society and water are place-bound because of differences in social processes and river dynamics. This would be useful for developing interventions under disaster management, but also other development goals. SHS provides a new way of looking at socio-hydrological systems.
Xiao-Bo Luan, Ya-Li Yin, Pu-Te Wu, Shi-Kun Sun, Yu-Bao Wang, Xue-Rui Gao, and Jing Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5111–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5111-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5111-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
At present, the water footprint calculated by the quantitative method of crop production water footprint is only a field-scale water footprint, which does not contain all the water consumption of the crop growth process, so its calculated crop production water footprint is incomplete. In this study, the hydrological model SWAT was used to analyze the real water consumption in the course of crop growth, so that the actual water consumption of the crops could be more accurately reflected.
Hafsa Ahmed Munia, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Naho Mirumachi, Yoshihide Wada, and Matti Kummu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2795–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2795-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2795-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An analytical framework is developed drawing on ideas of regime shifts from resilience literature to understand the transition between cases where water scarcity is or is not experienced depending on whether water from upstream is or is not available. The analysis shows 386 million people dependent on upstream water to avoid possible stress and 306 million people dependent on upstream water to avoid possible shortage. This provides insights into implications for negotiations between sub-basins.
Erik Mostert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 317–329, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-317-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-317-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper argues for an alternative approach for socio‒hydrology: detailed case study research. Detailed case study research can increase understanding of how society interacts with hydrology, offers more levers for management than coupled modelling, and facilitates interdisciplinary cooperation. The paper presents a case study of the Dommel Basin in the Netherlands and Belgium and compares this with a published model of the Kissimmee Basin in Florida.
Feng Mao, Julian Clark, Timothy Karpouzoglou, Art Dewulf, Wouter Buytaert, and David Hannah
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3655–3670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3655-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3655-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The paper aims to propose a conceptual framework that supports nuanced understanding and analytical assessment of resilience in socio-hydrological contexts. We identify three framings of resilience for different human–water couplings, which have distinct application fields and are used for different water management challenges. To assess and improve socio-hydrological resilience in each type, we introduce a
resilience canvasas a heuristic tool to design bespoke management strategies.
Songjun Han, Fuqiang Tian, Ye Liu, and Xianhui Duan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3619–3633, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3619-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3619-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The history of the co-evolution of the coupled human–groundwater system in Cangzhou (a region with the most serious depression cone in the North China Plain) is analyzed with a particular focus on how the groundwater crisis unfolded and how people attempted to settle the crisis. The evolution of the system was substantially impacted by two droughts. Further restoration of groundwater environment could be anticipated, but the occurrence of drought still remains an undetermined external forcing.
Kharis Erasta Reza Pramana and Maurits Willem Ertsen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4093–4115, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of human actions in small-scale water development initiatives and the associated hydrological research activities are basically unspecified. We argue that more explicit attention helps to design more appropriate answers to the challenges faced in field studies. A more systematic approach is proposed that would be useful when designing field projects: two sets of questions on (1) dealing with surprises and (2) cost–benefits of data gathering.
Rolf Hut, Anne M. Land-Zandstra, Ionica Smeets, and Cathelijne R. Stoof
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2507–2518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2507-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2507-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
To help geo-scientists prepare for TV appearances, we review the scientific literature on effective science communication related to TV. We identify six main themes: scientist motivation, target audience, narratives and storytelling, jargon and information transfer, relationship between scientists and journalists, and stereotypes of scientists on TV. We provide a detailed case study as illustration for each theme.
Hazel Gibson, Iain S. Stewart, Sabine Pahl, and Alison Stokes
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1737–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1737-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides empirical evidence for the value of using a psychology-based approach to communication of hydrology and hazards. It demonstrates the use of the "mental models" approach to risk assessment used in a regional geoscience context to explore the conceptions of the geological subsurface between experts and non-experts, and how that impacts on communication.
J. F. Schyns, A. Y. Hoekstra, and M. J. Booij
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581–4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper draws attention to the fact that green water (soil moisture returning to the atmosphere through evaporation) is a scarce resource, because its availability is limited and there are competing demands for green water. Around 80 indicators of green water availability and scarcity are reviewed and classified based on their scope and purpose of measurement. This is useful in order to properly include limitations in green water availability in water scarcity assessments.
S. Zhou, Y. Huang, Y. Wei, and G. Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3715–3726, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3715-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3715-2015, 2015
V. Ernstsen, P. Olsen, and A. E. Rosenbom
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3475–3488, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3475-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3475-2015, 2015
M. J. Halverson and S. W. Fleming
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3301–3318, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3301-2015, 2015
A. F. Van Loon, S. W. Ploum, J. Parajka, A. K. Fleig, E. Garnier, G. Laaha, and H. A. J. Van Lanen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1993–2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1993-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1993-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological drought types in cold climates have complex causing factors and impacts. In Austria and Norway, a lack of snowmelt is mainly related to below-normal winter precipitation, and a lack of glaciermelt is mainly related to below-normal summer temperature. These and other hydrological drought types impacted hydropower production, water supply, and agriculture in Europe and the US in the recent and far past. For selected drought events in Norway impacts could be coupled to causing factors.
A. Fernald, S. Guldan, K. Boykin, A. Cibils, M. Gonzales, B. Hurd, S. Lopez, C. Ochoa, M. Ortiz, J. Rivera, S. Rodriguez, and C. Steele
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 293–307, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-293-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-293-2015, 2015
X. C. Cao, P. T. Wu, Y. B. Wang, and X. N. Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3165–3178, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3165-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3165-2014, 2014
K. Madani, M. Zarezadeh, and S. Morid
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3055–3068, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3055-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3055-2014, 2014
J. Chenoweth, M. Hadjikakou, and C. Zoumides
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325–2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
S. Pande and M. Ertsen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1745–1760, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1745-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1745-2014, 2014
P. Gober and H. S. Wheater
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1413–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1413-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1413-2014, 2014
H. Chang, P. Thiers, N. R. Netusil, J. A. Yeakley, G. Rollwagen-Bollens, S. M. Bollens, and S. Singh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1383–1395, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1383-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1383-2014, 2014
M. W. Ertsen, J. T. Murphy, L. E. Purdue, and T. Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1369–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1369-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1369-2014, 2014
Y. Liu, F. Tian, H. Hu, and M. Sivapalan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1289–1303, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1289-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1289-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Akhtar, A. M., Ahmad, A. N., and Booij, M. J.: The impact of climate change on the water resources of Hindukush-Karakorum-Himalaya region under different glacier coverage scenarios, J. Hydrol., 355, 148–163, 2008.
Ali, J., Benjaminsen, T. A., Hammad, A. A., and Dick, O. B.: The road to deforestation: An assessment of forest loss and its causes in Basho Valley, Northern Pakistan, Global Environ. Change, 15, 370–380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.06.004, 2005.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56, FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1998.
Amarasinghe, U. A., Shah, T., and Malik, R. P. S.: India's Water Futures: Drivers of Change, Scenarios and Issues, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 1 – India's Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, edited by: Amarasinghe, U. A., Shah, T., and Malik, R. P. S., International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 101–113, 2008.
Archer, D. R.: Contrasting hydrological regimes in the upper Indus Basin, J. Hydrol., 274, 198–210, 2003.
Archer, D. R., Forsythe, N., Fowler, H. J., and Shah, S. M.: Sustainability of water resources management in the Indus Basin under changing climatic and socio economic conditions, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1669–1680, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1669-2010, 2010.
Armstrong, R., Raup, B., Khalsa, S. J. S., Barry, R., Kargel, J., Helm, C., and Kieffer, H.: GLIMS glacier database. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Digital media, http://glims.colorado.edu/glacierdata (last access: 1 December 2010), 2005.
Babel, M. S. and Wahid, S. M.: Freshwater under threat: South Asia, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2008.
Bastiaanssen, W., Ahmad, M.-U.-D., and Tahir, Z.: Upscaling Water Productivity in Irrigated Agriculture Using Remote-sensing and GIS Technologies, in: Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement, edited by: Kijne, W., Barker, R., and Molden, D., CAB International, 2003.
Biswas, A. K.: Indus Water Treaty: the Negotiating Process, Water Int., 17, 201–209, 1992.
Bookhagen, B. and Burbank, D. W.: Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001426, 2010.
Bossio, D., Geheb, K., and Critchley, W.: Managing water by managing land: Addressing land degradation to improve water productivity and rural livelihoods, Agr. Water Manage., 97, 536–542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.12.001, 2010.
Briscoe, J. and Qamar, U.: Pakistan's Water economy running dry, Oxford University Press, Karachi, Commissioned by World Bank, 2007.
Cai, X., Sharma, B. R., Matin, M. A., Sharma, D., and Gunasinghe, S.: An Assessment of Crop Water Productivity in the Indus and Ganges River Basins: Current Status and Scope for Improvement, IWMI Research Report 140, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, 2010.
Cai, X. L. and Sharma, B.: Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Basin, Sci. China Ser. E, 52, 3300–3308, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0346-3, 2009.
Cai, X. L. and Sharma, B. R.: Integrating remote sensing, census and weather data for an assessment of rice yield, water consumption and water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin, Agr. Water Manage., 97, 309–316, doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.09.021, 2010.
Chapagain, A. K. and Hoekstra, A. Y.: The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives, Ecol. Econom., 70, 749–758, 2011.
CIESIN: Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3), Palisades, NY, Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University, 2005.
CWC: Water and related statistics, Central Water Commission of India, 253 pp., 2010.
Da Silva, F. and Koma, A.: The 2010 Pakistan Flood Disaster: Caused by Man or Mother Nature?, The GLG 216 Journal, 58–60, 2011.
de Bie, K.: An updated Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification of the World using Very High Resolution Interpolated Climate Surfaces of monthly $P$ and $T$ data from 1950 to 2000, ITC News, 16–17, 2007.
de Fraiture, C. and Wichelns, D.: Satisfying future water demands for agriculture, Agr. Water Manage., 97, 502–511, 2010.
Eastham, J. M., Kirby, M., Mainuddin, M., and Thomas, M.: Water-use accounts in CPWF basins: Simple water-use accounting of the Indus basin, The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, CPWF Working Paper BFP07, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 27 pp., 2010.
Gaurav, K., Sinha, R., and Panda, P. K.: The Indus flood of 2010 in Pakistan: a perspective analysis using remote sensing data, Nat. Hazards, 59, 1815-1826, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9869-6, 2011.
GOP: Agricultural statistics of Pakistan, 2004–2005, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Government of Pakistan, 2005.
Government of India: Report on census of minor irrigation schemes 1993–1994, Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, 2001.
Gupta, S. K. and Deshpande, R. D.: Water for India in 2050: first-order assessment of available options, Current Sci., 86, 1216–1224, 2004.
Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R., and Meybeck, A.: Global Food Losses and Food Waste – Extent, Causes and Prevention, Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology (SIK), Gothenburg, Rome, 2011.
GWSP: Global Water System Project Digital Water Atlas data, http://atlas.gwsp.org/ (last access: March 2012), 2008.
Harrington, L., Cook, S. E., Lemoalle, J., Kirby, M., Taylor, C., and Woolley, J.: Cross-basin comparisons of water use, water scarcity and their impact on livelihoods: present and future, Water Int., 34, 144–154, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060802661584, 2009.
Hewitt, K.: The Karakoram Anomaly? Glacier Expansion and the "Elevation Effec", Karakoram Himalaya, Mount. Res. Dev., 25, 332–340, 2005.
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., and Jarvis, A.: Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1965–1978, 2005.
Hoekstra, A. Y., and Mekonnen, M. M.: Global water scarcity: The monthly blue water footprint compared to blue water availability for the world's major river basins, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, The Netherlands Value of Water Research Report Series No. 53, Delft, 2011.
Houze, R. A., Rasmussen, K. L., Medina, S., Brodzik, S. R., and Romatschke, U.: Anomalous Atmospheric Events Leading to the Summer 2010 Floods in Pakistan, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 291–298, 10.1175/2010bams3173.1, 2011.
Immerzeel, W. W., Droogers, P., de Jong, S. M., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Large-scale monitoring of snow cover and runoff simulation in Himalayan river basins using remote sensing, Remote Sens. Environ., 113, 40–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.010, 2009.
Immerzeel, W. W., van Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers, Science, 328, 1382–1385, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188, 2010.
Indian M.W.R.: Ground Water Resources Of The Country – state wise: http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/Annexure-I3792665287.pdf, last access: 6 December 2001, Indian Ministry of Water Resources, 2011.
IUCN: Beyond Indus Water Treaty: Ground Water and Environmental Management – Policy Issues and Options, IUCN Pakistan, Karachi, 2010.
Jain, S., Goswami, A., and Saraf, A.: Assessment of snowmelt runoff using remote sensing and effect of climate change on runoff, Water Resour. Manage., 24, 1763–1777, 2009.
Karim, A. and Veizer, J.: Water balance of the Indus River Basin and moisture source in the Karakoram and western Himalayas: Implications from hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in river water, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4362, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd000253, 2002.
Karki, M. B., Shrestha, A. B., and Winiger, M.: Enhancing Knowledge Management and Adaptation Capacity for Integrated Management of Water Resources in the Indus River Basin, Mount. Res. Dev., 31, 242–251, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00017.1, 2011.
Kaser, G., Grosshauser, M., and Marzeion, B.: Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 20223–20227, 2010.
Kerr, R. A.: Northern India's Groundwater Is Going, Going, Going ..., Science, 325, 798, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.325_798, 2009.
Khan, N. M. and Tingsanchali, T.: Optimization and simulation of reservoir operation with sediment evacuation: a case study of the Tarbela Dam, Pakistan, Hydrol. Process., 23, 730–747, 2009.
Köppen, W.: Das geographisca System der Klimate, in: Handbuch der Klimatologie, edited by: Köppen, W. and Geiger, G., 1. C, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1–44, 1936.
Kreutzmann, H.: Scarcity within opulence: Water management in the Karakoram Mountains revisited, J. Mount. Sci., 8, 525–534, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-2213-5, 2011.
Kumar, M.: Reclamation and reuse of treated municipal wastewater: an option to mitigate water stress, Current Sci., 96, 886–889, 2009.
Kumar, R., Singh, R. D., and Sharma, K. D.: Water resources of India, Current Sci., 89, 794-811, 2005.
Lashkaripour, G. and Hussaini, S.: Water resource management in Kabul river basin, eastern Afghanistan, Environmentalist, 28, 253–260, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9136-2, 2008.
Lehner, B., R-Liermann, C., Revenga, C., Vörösmarty, C., Fekete, B., Crouzet, P., and Döll, P. E. A.: High resolution mapping of the world's reservoirs and dams for sustainable river flow management, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Source: GWSP Digital Water Atlas 2008, Map 2081: GRanD Database, Dataset, V2001.2000, 2008.
Leichenko, R. M. and Wescoat, J. L.: Environmental impacts of climate change and water development in the Indus delta region, Int. J. Water Resour. D., 9, 247–261, 1993.
Lundqvist, J., de Fraiture, C., and Molden, D.: Saving Water: From Field to Fork – Curbing Losses and Wastage in the Food Chain, SIWI Policy Brief, SIWI, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008.
Mahajan, G., Bharaj, T. S., and Timsina, J.: Yield and water productivity of rice as affected by time of transplanting in Punjab, India, Agr. Water Manage., 96, 525–532, 2009.
Mahmood, A. and Kundu, A.: Demographic Projections for India 2006-2051: Regional Variations, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 1 – India's Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, edited by: Amarasinghe, U. A., Shah, T., and Malik, R. P. S., IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 101–113, 2008.
Mekonnen, M. M. and Hoekstra, A. Y.: A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of wheat, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1259-2010, 2010a.
Mekonnen, M. M. and Hoekstra, A. Y.: The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, The Netherlands Value of Water Research Report Series No. 47, Delft, 2010b.
Miner, M., Patankar, G., Gamkhar, S., and Eaton, D. J.: Water sharing between India and Pakistan: a critical evaluation of the Indus Water Treaty, Water Int., 34, 204–216, 2009.
Mitchell, T. D. and Jones, P. D.: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 693–712, 2005.
Molle, F., Wester, P., and Hirsch, P.: River basin closure: Processes, implications and responses, Agr. Water Manage., 97, 569–577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.01.004, 2010.
Mukhopadhyay, B.: Detection of dual effects of degradation of perennial snow and ice covers on the hydrologic regime of a Himalayan river basin by stream water availability modeling, J. Hydrol., 412-413, 14–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.06.005, 2012.
Mustafa, D. and Wrathall, D.: The Indus basin floods of 2010: The cost of agricultural development?, in: On the Water Front: Selections from the 2010 World Water Week in Stockholm, edited by: Lundqvist, J., SIWI, Stockholm, 127–136, 2011.
Narayanamoorthy, A.: Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation in India: Benefits, Potential and Future Directions, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 1, India's Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, edited by: Upali, A. and Amarasinghe, T. S. A. R. P. S. M., International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 253–266, 2009.
Portmann, F. T., Siebert, S., and Döll, P.: MIRCA2000 – Global Monthly Irrigated and Rainfed Crop Areas around the year 2000: A new high-resolution data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB1011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003435, 2010.
Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A., and Murtaze, G.: Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcarous saline sodic soils, Agr. Water Manage., 50, 197–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00101-9, 2001.
Qureshi, A., McCornick, P., Sarwar, A., and Sharma, B.: Challenges and Prospects of Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Indus Basin, Pakistan, Water Resour. Manage., 24, 1551–1569, 10.1007/s11269-009-9513-3, 2009.
Qureshi, A. S.: Water Management in the Indus Basin in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities, Mount. Res. Dev., 31, 252–260, https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00019.1, 2011.
Qureshi, S., McCornick, P. G., Qadir, M., and Aslam, Z.: Managing salinity and waterlogging in the Indus Basin of Pakistan, Agr. Water Manage., 95, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.09.014, 2008.
Raup, B. H., Kieffer, H. H., Hare, T. M., and Kargel, J. S.: Generation of Data Acquisition Requests for the ASTER Satellite Instrument for Monitoring a Globally Distributed Target: Glaciers, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 38, 1105–1112, 2000.
Reddy, V. R.: Water Pricing as a Demand Management Option: Potentials, Problems and Prospects, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 3 – Promoting Irrigation Demand Managment in India: Potentials, Problems and Prospects, edited by: Saleth, R. M., International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 101–113, 2009.
Renault, D. and Wallender, W. W.: Nutritional water productivity and diets, Agr. Water Manage., 45, 275–296, 2000.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India, Nature, 460, 999–1002, 2009.
Saleth, R. M. and Amarasinghe, U. A.: Promoting Irrigation Demand Management in India: Policy Options and Institutional Requirements, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 3, Promoting irrigation demand managment in India: Potentials, problems and prospects, edited by: Saleth, R. M., International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1–24, 2009.
Scherler, D., Bookhagen, B., and Strecker, M. R.: Spatially variable response of Himalayan glaciers to climate change affected by debris cover, Nat. Geosci., 4, 156–159, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1068, 2011.
Scott, C. A. and Sharma, B.: Energy supply and the expansion of groundwater irrigation in the Indus-Ganges Basin, Intl. J. River Basin Manage., 7, 1–6, 2009.
Setchell, C. A. and Luther, C. N.: Kabul, Afghanisthan: a case study in responding to urban displacement, Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, 45, 2009.
Shah, T., Singh, O. P., and Mukherji, A.: Some aspects of South Asia's groundwater irrigation economy: analyses from a survey in India, Pakistan, Nepal Terai and Bangladesh, Hydrogeol. J., 14, 286–309, 2006.
Shah, T., Hassan, M. U., Khattak, M. Z., Banerjee, P. S., Singh, O. P., and Rehman, S. U.: Is Irrigation Water Free? A Reality Check in the Indo-Gangetic Basin, World Dev., 37, 422–434, 2009.
Sharif, A.: Technical adaptations for mechanized SRI production to achieve water saving and increased profitability in Punjab, Pakistan, Paddy Water Environ., 9, 111–119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-010-0223-5, 2011.
Sharma, B., Amarasinghe, U., Xueliang, C., de Condappa, D., Shah, T., Mukherji, A., Bharati, L., Ambili, G., Qureshi, A., Pant, D., Xenarios, S., Singh, R., and Smakhtin, V.: The Indus and the Ganges: river basins under extreme pressure, Water Int., 35, 493–521, 2010.
Sharma, B. R., Amarasinghe, U. A., and Sikka, A.: Indo-Gangetic River Basins: Summary Situation Analysis, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), New Delhi, 2008.
Sharma, D. P. and Rao, K. V. G. K.: Strategy for long-term use of saline drainage water in semi-arid regions, Soil Till. Res., 47, 287–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00135-4, 1998.
Siebert, S., Döll, P., Hoogeveen, J., Faures, J.-M., Frenken, K., and Feick, S.: Development and validation of the global map of irrigation areas, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 535–547, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-535-2005https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-535-2005, 2005.
Singh, K.: Rational Pricing of Water as an Instrument of Improving Water Use Efficiency in the Agricultural Sector: A Case Study in Gujarat, India, Water Resour. Dev., 23, 679–690, 2007.
Singh, P. and Bengtsson, L.: Hydrological sensitivity of a large Himalayan basin to climate change, Hydrol. Process., 18, 2363–2385, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1468, 2004.
Singh, R. B.: Impact of land-use change on groundwater in the Punjab-Haryana plains, India, IAHS Publ. no. 269, Proceedings of a symposium held during the Sixth IAHS Scientific Assembly at Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2001.
Sundarajan, K., Patel, A., Raychoudhury, T., and Purohit, C.: Groundwater Exploitation in India, Environmental Impacts and Limits to Further Exploitation for Irrigation, in: Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 1 – India's Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, edited by: Amarasinghe, U. A., Shah, T., and Malik, R. P. S., IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 197–216, 2008.
Tahir, A. A., Chevallier, P., Arnaud, Y., and Ahmad, B.: Snow cover dynamics and hydrological regime of the Hunza River basin, Karakoram Range, Northern Pakistan, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2275–2290, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2275-2011, 2011.
Tariq, M. A. U. R. and van de Giesen, N.: Floods and flood management in Pakistan, J. Phys. Chem. Earth, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.014, in press, 2011.
Thakkar, H.: Future water solutions for India, Development, 51, 68–71, 2008.
Tiwari, V. M., Wahr, J., and Swenson, S.: Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039401, 2009.
UN: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm, last access: 5 December 2011.
UNEP: World Atlas of Desertification, Edward Arnold, London, UK, 1992.
UNEP: FreshWater under threat: South Asia, 44 pp., 2009.
Van Steenbergen, F. and Gohar, S.: Ground water development and Management, World Bank, Background paper 12, 2005.
Vanham, D.: How much water do we really use? A case study of the city state of Singapore, Water Sci.Technol., 11, 219–228, https://doi.org/110.2166/ws.2011.043, 2011.
Vanham, D., Fleischhacker, E., and Rauch, W.: Technical Note: Seasonality in alpine water resources management – a regional assessment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 91–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-91-2008, 2008.
Vanham, D., Millinger, S., Pliessnig, H., and Rauch, W.: Rasterised Water Demands: Methodology for Their Assessment and Possible Applications, Water Resour. Manage., 25, 3301–3320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9857-3, 2011a.
Vanham, D., Weingartner, R., and Rauch, W.: The Cauvery river basin in Southern India: major challenges and possible solutions in the 21st century, Water Sci. Technol., 64, 122–131, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.554, 2011b.
Varis, O., Kummu, M., and Salmivaara, A.: Ten major rivers in monsoon Asia-Pacific: An assessment of vulnerability, Appl. Geogr., 32, 441–454, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.003, 2012.
Verma, S., Kampman, D. A., van der Zaag, P., and Hoekstra, A. Y.: Going against the flow: A critical analysis of inter-state virtual water trade in the context of India's National River Linking Program, Phys. Chem. Earth, 34, 261–269, 2009.
Webster, P. J., Toma, V. E., and Kim, H.-M.: Were the 2010 Pakistan floods predictable?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04806, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046346, 2011.
Wichelns, D. and Drechsel, P.: Meeting the challenge of wastewater irrigation: economics, finance, business opportunities and methodological constraints, Water Int., 36, 415–419, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2011.593732, 2011.
Winiger, M., Gumpert, M., and Yamout, H.: Karakorum – Hindukush – western Himalaya: assessing high-altitude water resources, Hydrol. Process., 19, 2329–2338, 2005.
Zawahri, N. A.: India, Pakistan, and Cooperation along the Indus River System, Water Policy, 11, 1–20, 2009a.
Zawahri, N. A.: Third Party Mediation of International River Disputes: Lessons from the Indus River, Int. Negot., 14, 281–310, 2009b.
