Articles | Volume 28, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1463-2024
Research article
 | 
02 Apr 2024
Research article |  | 02 Apr 2024

Mangroves as nature-based mitigation for ENSO-driven compound flood risks in a large river delta

Ignace Pelckmans, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Olivier Gourgue, Luis Elvin Dominguez-Granda, and Stijn Temmerman

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Cited articles

Allen, J. I., Somerfield, P. J., and Gilbert, F. J.: Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models, J. Mar. Syst., 64, 3–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.02.010, 2007. 
Baptist, M. J., Babovic, V., Uthurburu, J. R., Keijzer, M., Uittenbogaard, R. E., Mynett, A., and Verwey, A.: On inducing equations for vegetation resistance, J. Hydraul. Res., 45, 435–450, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2007.9521778, 2007. 
Belliard, J.-P., Dominguez-Granda, L. E., Ramos-Veliz, J. A., Rosado-Moncayo, A. M., Nath, J., Govers, G., Gourgue, O., and Temmerman, S.: El Niño driven extreme sea levels in an Eastern Pacific tropical river delta: Landward amplification and shift from oceanic to fluvial forcing, Global Planet. Change, 203, 103529, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103529, 2021. 
Bevacqua, E., Maraun, D., Vousdoukas, M. I., Voukouvalas, E., Vrac, M., Mentaschi, L., and Widmann, M.: Higher probability of compound flooding from precipitation and storm surge in Europe under anthropogenic climate change, Sci. Adv., 5, eaaw5531, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5531, 2019. 
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The combination of extreme sea levels with increased river flow typically can lead to so-called compound floods. Often these are caused by storms (< 1 d), but climatic events such as El Niño could trigger compound floods over a period of months. We show that the combination of increased sea level and river discharge causes extreme water levels to amplify upstream. Mangrove forests, however, can act as a nature-based flood protection by lowering the extreme water levels coming from the sea.