Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Quantitative historical hydrology in Europe
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
R. Brázdil
Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
J. Herget
Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115 Bonn, Germany
M. J. Machado
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6107–6132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6107-2021, 2021
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Climate change is expected to increase the intensity of floods, but changes are difficult to project. We compiled historical and modern flood data of the Rio Duero (Spain) to evaluate flood hazards beyond decadal climate cycles. Historical floods were obtained from documentary sources, identifying 69 floods over 1250–1871 CE. Discharges were calculated from reported flood heights. Flood frequency using historical datasets showed the most robust results, guiding climate change adaptation.
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This paper analyses the timing of topographical changes of a gravel bed ephemeral river channel during consecutive and moderate- and low-magnitude floods by applying a morphodynamic model calibrated with pre- and post-event surveys using RTK-GPS and mobile laser scanning. The channel acted as a braided river during lower flows but as a meandering river during higher flows. The channel changes can be greater during the long-lasting receding phase than during the rising phase of the floods.
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2561-2015, 2015
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A flood frequency analysis using a 400-year historical flood record was carried out using a stationary model (based on maximum likelihood estimators) and a non-stationary model that incorporates external covariates (climatic and environmental). The stationary model was successful in providing an average discharge around which value flood quantiles estimated by non-stationary models fluctuate through time.
G. Bussi, X. Rodríguez-Lloveras, F. Francés, G. Benito, Y. Sánchez-Moya, and A. Sopeña
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3339–3354, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3339-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3339-2013, 2013
Christian Pfister, Stefan Brönnimann, Andres Altwegg, Rudolf Brázdil, Laurent Litzenburger, Daniele Lorusso, and Thomas Pliemon
Clim. Past, 20, 1387–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024, 2024
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This bottle of Riesling from the traditional Bassermann Jordan winery in Deidesheim (Germany) is a relic of the premium wine harvested in 1811. It was named “Comet Wine” after the bright comet that year. The study shows that wine quality can be used to infer summer weather conditions over the past 600 years. After rainy summers with cold winds, wines turned sour, while long periods of high pressure led to excellent qualities. Since 1990, only good wines have been produced due to rapid warming.
Jan Řehoř, Rudolf Brázdil, Oldřich Rakovec, Martin Hanel, Milan Fischer, Rohini Kumar, Jan Balek, Markéta Poděbradská, Vojtěch Moravec, Luis Samaniego, and Miroslav Trnka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1434, 2024
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We present a robust method for identification and classification of global land drought events (GLDEs) based on soil moisture. Two models were used to calculate soil moisture and delimit soil drought over global land from 1980–2022, which was clustered into 775/630 GLDEs. Using four spatiotemporal and three motion-related characteristics, we categorized GLDEs into seven severity and seven dynamic categories. The frequency of GLDEs has generally increased in recent decades.
Rudolf Brázdil, Dominika Faturová, Monika Šulc Michalková, Jan Řehoř, Martin Caletka, and Pavel Zahradníček
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1467, 2024
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Flash floods belong to natural hazards that can be enhanced in frequency, intensity and impacts during the recent climate change. The paper present a complex analysis of spatiotemporal variability and human impacts (including material damage and fatalities) of flash floods in the Czech Republic for the 2001–2023 period. The analysis shows generally not any statistically significant trends in the characteristics analysed.
Rudolf Brázdil, Jan Lhoták, Kateřina Chromá, and Petr Dobrovolný
Clim. Past, 20, 1017–1037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1017-2024, 2024
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The newly developed series of wheat, rye, barley, and oats prices from Sušice (southwestern Bohemia) for the period 1725–1824 CE is used to demonstrate effects of weather, climate, socio-economic, and societal factors on their fluctuations, with particular attention paid to years with extremely high prices. Cold spring temperatures and wet conditions from winter to summer were reflected in very high grain prices.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, and Pavel Zahradníček
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1437–1457, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1437-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1437-2024, 2024
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The official mortality data in the Czech Republic in 1919–2022 are used to show long-term fluctuations in the number of fatalities caused by excessive natural cold and heat, lightning, natural disasters, and falls on ice/snow, as well as the sex and age of the deceased, based on certain meteorological, historical, and socioeconomic factors that strongly influence changes in the number and structure of such fatalities. Knowledge obtained is usable in risk management for the preservation of lives.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Christian Pfister, Katrin Kleemann, Kateřina Chromá, Péter Szabó, and Piotr Olinski
Clim. Past, 19, 1863–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, 2023
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The Thirty Years' War (from 1618 to 1648 CE), an armed military conflict in Europe, brought extensive devastation to Europe. The paper analyses annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, and drought patterns, as well as severe weather extremes, based particularly on documentary data, during this event in central Europe to demonstrate their broad impacts on human society and human responses in coincidence with weather and climate during this period of hardship.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Zahradník, Péter Szabó, Kateřina Chromá, Petr Dobrovolný, Lukáš Dolák, Miroslav Trnka, Jan Řehoř, and Silvie Suchánková
Clim. Past, 18, 2155–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, 2022
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Bark beetle outbreaks are important disturbances to Norway spruce forests. Their meteorological and climatological triggers are analysed for the main oubreaks over the territory of the Czech Republic based on newly created series of such outbreaks, covering the 1781–2021 CE period. The paper demonstrates the shift from windstorms as the main meteorological triggers of past outbreaks to effects of high temperatures and droughts together with windstorms in past decades.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Jiří Mikšovský, Petr Pišoft, Miroslav Trnka, Martin Možný, and Jan Balek
Clim. Past, 18, 935–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, 2022
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The paper deals with 520-year series (1501–2020 CE) of temperature, precipitation, and four drought indices reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations for the Czech Lands. Basic features of their fluctuations, long-term trends, and periodicities as well as attribution to changes in external forcings and climate variability modes are analysed. Representativeness of Czech reconstructions at European scale is evaluated. The paper shows extreme character of past decades.
Gerardo Benito, Olegario Castillo, Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas, Maria Machado, and Mariano Barriendos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6107–6132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6107-2021, 2021
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Gerard van der Schrier, Richard P. Allan, Albert Ossó, Pedro M. Sousa, Hans Van de Vyver, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Roberto Coscarelli, Angela A. Pasqua, Olga Petrucci, Mary Curley, Mirosław Mietus, Janusz Filipiak, Petr Štěpánek, Pavel Zahradníček, Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Else J. M. van den Besselaar, Ricardo Trigo, and Enric Aguilar
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The 1921 drought was the most severe drought to hit Europe since the start of the 20th century. Here the climatological description of the drought is coupled to an overview of its impacts, sourced from newspapers, and an analysis of its drivers. The area from Ireland to the Ukraine was affected but hardest hit was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon. The drought impacts lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Jan Řehoř, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, and Petr Dobrovolný
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1355–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, 2021
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We present an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period based on our own database created from newspaper reports, on the database of the Czech Statistical Office, and on the database of the police of the Czech Republic as well as on their comparison. Despite some uncertainties, generally declining trends in the number of fatalities appear for the majority of weather variables. The structure of fatalities is described in detail.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Martin Bauch, Chantal Camenisch, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Piotr Oliński, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 16, 2125–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, 2020
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Previous studies related to historical droughts in the Czech Lands showed that the summers of 1531–1540 could represent the driest summer decade of the past 500 years. To confirm this hypothesis, documentary data from central Europe were collected and presented for individual summers and complemented by maps of precipitation and drought distribution to document corresponding weather patterns and their various impacts. The main droughts occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538, and particularly in 1540.
Olga Petrucci, Luigi Aceto, Cinzia Bianchi, Victoria Bigot, Rudolf Brázdil, Moshe Inbar, Abdullah Kahraman, Özgenur Kılıç, Vassiliki Kotroni, Maria Carmen Llasat, Montserrat Llasat-Botija, Michele Mercuri, Katerina Papagiannaki, Susana Pereira, Jan Řehoř, Joan Rossello Geli, Paola Salvati, Freddy Vinet, and José Luis Zêzere
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, 2020
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EUFF 2020 database (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) contains 2483 flood fatalities (1980–2018) occurred in 8 countries. Gender, age, activity of FF and dynamics of accidents were obtained from documentary sources. 64.8 % of FF were killed by floods killing less than 10 people. Males were more numerous than females due higher proportion of them driving and working outdoors. FF 30–64 years old died traveling to home/work, driving vehicles dragged by water. Elderly people were trapped indoor by flood.
Rudolf Brázdil, Gaston R. Demarée, Andrea Kiss, Petr Dobrovolný, Kateřina Chromá, Miroslav Trnka, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, Danuta Limanowka, and Sylvie Jourdain
Clim. Past, 15, 1861–1884, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, 2019
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The paper presents analysis of the 1842 drought in Europe (except the Mediterranean) based on documentary data and instrumental records. First the meteorological background of this drought is shown (seasonal distribution of precipitation, annual variation of temperature, precipitation and drought indices, synoptic reasons) and effects of drought on water management, agriculture, and in society are described in detail with particular attention to human responses.
Rudolf Brázdil, Hubert Valášek, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Monika Bělínová, Adam Valík, and Pavel Zahradníček
Clim. Past, 15, 1205–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, 2019
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The paper analyses a weather diary of the Reverend Šimon Hausner from Buchlovice in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic, in the 1803–1831 period. From daily weather records, series of numbers of precipitation days, cloudiness, strong winds, fogs, and thunderstorms were created. These records were further used to interpret weighted temperature and precipitation indices. Records of Šimon Hausner represent an important contribution to the study of climate fluctuations on the central European scale.
Jiří Mikšovský, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, and Petr Pišoft
Clim. Past, 15, 827–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, 2019
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To reveal sources of variability imprinted in central European drought records, regression and wavelet analysis were applied to 5 centuries of reconstructed data characterizing Czech climate. Mid- to long-term changes in temperature in the North Atlantic and North Pacific were identified as one of the potential sources of drought variations; transient colder and wetter episodes were linked to the effects of large volcanic eruptions.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Miroslav Trnka, Ladislava Řezníčková, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 15, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019, 2019
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The paper analyses extreme droughts of the pre-instrumental period (1501–1803) over the territory of the recent Czech Republic. In total, 16 droughts were selected for spring, summer and autumn each and 14 droughts for summer half-year (Apr–Sep). They are characterized by very low values of drought indices, high temperatures, low precipitation and by the influence of high-pressure situations. Selected extreme droughts are described in more detail. Effect of droughts on grain prices are studied.
Rudolf Brázdil, Andrea Kiss, Jürg Luterbacher, David J. Nash, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, 2018
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The paper presents a worldwide state of the art of droughts fluctuations based on documentary data. It gives an overview of achievements related to different kinds of documentary evidence with their examples and an overview of papers presenting long-term drought chronologies over the individual continents, analysis of the most outstanding drought events, the influence of external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, and human impacts and responses. It recommends future research directions.
Petr Dobrovolný, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, Michal Rybníček, Tomáš Kolář, Martin Možný, Tomáš Kyncl, and Ulf Büntgen
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, 2018
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Careful selection of available moisture-sensitive proxies resulted in a new reconstruction of short-term drought over the Czech Republic during the last 500 years. It consists of a synthesis of four different proxies and its high reconstruction skill demonstrates the clear advantage of a multi-proxy approach. The new chronology of Z-index shows that central Europe experienced the most severe 30-year late spring–early summer period of drought for the last 500 years.
Eliisa S. Lotsari, Mikel Calle, Gerardo Benito, Antero Kukko, Harri Kaartinen, Juha Hyyppä, Hannu Hyyppä, and Petteri Alho
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 163–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-163-2018, 2018
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This paper analyses the timing of topographical changes of a gravel bed ephemeral river channel during consecutive and moderate- and low-magnitude floods by applying a morphodynamic model calibrated with pre- and post-event surveys using RTK-GPS and mobile laser scanning. The channel acted as a braided river during lower flows but as a meandering river during higher flows. The channel changes can be greater during the long-lasting receding phase than during the rising phase of the floods.
Chantal Camenisch, Kathrin M. Keller, Melanie Salvisberg, Benjamin Amann, Martin Bauch, Sandro Blumer, Rudolf Brázdil, Stefan Brönnimann, Ulf Büntgen, Bruce M. S. Campbell, Laura Fernández-Donado, Dominik Fleitmann, Rüdiger Glaser, Fidel González-Rouco, Martin Grosjean, Richard C. Hoffmann, Heli Huhtamaa, Fortunat Joos, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Flavio Lehner, Jürg Luterbacher, Nicolas Maughan, Raphael Neukom, Theresa Novy, Kathleen Pribyl, Christoph C. Raible, Dirk Riemann, Maximilian Schuh, Philip Slavin, Johannes P. Werner, and Oliver Wetter
Clim. Past, 12, 2107–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, 2016
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Throughout the last millennium, several cold periods occurred which affected humanity. Here, we investigate an exceptionally cold decade during the 15th century. The cold conditions challenged the food production and led to increasing food prices and a famine in parts of Europe. In contrast to periods such as the “Year Without Summer” after the eruption of Tambora, these extreme climatic conditions seem to have occurred by chance and in relation to the internal variability of the climate system.
Martin Možný, Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, and Miroslav Trnka
Clim. Past, 12, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, 2016
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April–August temperature reconstruction for the Czech Lands based on grape-harvest dates in the 1499–2012 period constitutes a further important contribution to the better understanding of long-term spatiotemporal temperature variability in central Europe and includes the very long overlap period (1801–2012) used for calibration and verification, the consistent dominance of Pinot varieties through time, and the stability of vineyard management throughout the period reconstructed.
Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Hubert Valášek, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 12, 1361–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, 2016
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The paper deals with climatic and human impacts of the strong Tambora (Indonesia) volcanic eruption in April 1815 over the Czech Lands territory based on analysis of documentary data and instrumental records. While climatic effects were related particularly to summers 1815 and 1816 (1816 is known as "a Year Without Summer"), quite important were societal impacts represented after bad harvest by steep increase in prices and shortages of food.
P. Dobrovolný, M. Rybníček, T. Kolář, R. Brázdil, M. Trnka, and U. Büntgen
Clim. Past, 11, 1453–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, 2015
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A new data set of 3194 oak (Quercus spp.) ring width samples collected across the Czech Republic and covering the past 1250 years was analysed. The temporal distribution of negative and positive TRW extremes occurring is regular with no indication of clustering. Negative TRW extremes coincided with above-average March-May and June-August temperature means and below-average precipitation totals. Positive extremes coincided with higher summer precipitation, while temperatures were mostly normal.
Y. Brugnara, R. Auchmann, S. Brönnimann, R. J. Allan, I. Auer, M. Barriendos, H. Bergström, J. Bhend, R. Brázdil, G. P. Compo, R. C. Cornes, F. Dominguez-Castro, A. F. V. van Engelen, J. Filipiak, J. Holopainen, S. Jourdain, M. Kunz, J. Luterbacher, M. Maugeri, L. Mercalli, A. Moberg, C. J. Mock, G. Pichard, L. Řezníčková, G. van der Schrier, V. Slonosky, Z. Ustrnul, M. A. Valente, A. Wypych, and X. Yin
Clim. Past, 11, 1027–1047, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, 2015
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A data set of instrumental pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period (before ca. 1850) is described. This is the result of a digitisation effort involving the period immediately after the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, combined with the collection of already available sub-daily time series. The highest data availability is therefore for the years 1815 to 1817. An analysis of pressure variability and of case studies in Europe is performed for that period.
M. J. Machado, B. A. Botero, J. López, F. Francés, A. Díez-Herrero, and G. Benito
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2561-2015, 2015
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A flood frequency analysis using a 400-year historical flood record was carried out using a stationary model (based on maximum likelihood estimators) and a non-stationary model that incorporates external covariates (climatic and environmental). The stationary model was successful in providing an average discharge around which value flood quantiles estimated by non-stationary models fluctuate through time.
J. Herget, T. Roggenkamp, and M. Krell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4029–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4029-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4029-2014, 2014
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3873–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, 2014
J. Hall, B. Arheimer, M. Borga, R. Brázdil, P. Claps, A. Kiss, T. R. Kjeldsen, J. Kriaučiūnienė, Z. W. Kundzewicz, M. Lang, M. C. Llasat, N. Macdonald, N. McIntyre, L. Mediero, B. Merz, R. Merz, P. Molnar, A. Montanari, C. Neuhold, J. Parajka, R. A. P. Perdigão, L. Plavcová, M. Rogger, J. L. Salinas, E. Sauquet, C. Schär, J. Szolgay, A. Viglione, and G. Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2735–2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, 2014
G. Bussi, X. Rodríguez-Lloveras, F. Francés, G. Benito, Y. Sánchez-Moya, and A. Sopeña
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3339–3354, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3339-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3339-2013, 2013
R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, M. Trnka, O. Kotyza, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, P. Zahradníček, and P. Štěpánek
Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, 2013
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A fluid-mechanics based classification scheme for surface transient storage in riverine environments: quantitatively separating surface from hyporheic transient storage
Variation in turbidity with precipitation and flow in a regulated river system – river Göta Älv, SW Sweden
A novel approach to analysing the regimes of temporary streams in relation to their controls on the composition and structure of aquatic biota
Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)
Physical and chemical consequences of artificially deepened thermocline in a small humic lake – a paired whole-lake climate change experiment
A flume experiment on the effect of constriction shape on the formation of forced pools
David J. Harning, Jonathan H. Raberg, Jamie M. McFarlin, Yarrow Axford, Christopher R. Florian, Kristín B. Ólafsdóttir, Sebastian Kopf, Julio Sepúlveda, Gifford H. Miller, and Áslaug Geirsdóttir
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4275–4293, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4275-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4275-2024, 2024
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As human-induced global warming progresses, changes to Arctic precipitation are expected, but predictions are limited by an incomplete understanding of past changes in the hydrological system. Here, we measured water isotopes, a common tool to reconstruct past precipitation, from lakes, streams, and soils across Iceland. These data will allow robust reconstruction of past precipitation changes in Iceland in future studies.
Shuanglei Wu and Yongping Wei
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3871–3895, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3871-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3871-2024, 2024
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This study developed a framework to understand the structures of knowledge development in 72 river basins globally from 1962–2017 using Web of Science. It was found that the knowledge systems were characterized by increasingly interconnected management issues addressed by limited disciplines and were linked more strongly to societal impacts than that to policy. Understanding the current state of knowledge casts a light on sustainable knowledge transformations for river basin management.
Scott R. Wilson, Jo Hoyle, Richard Measures, Antoine Di Ciacca, Leanne K. Morgan, Eddie W. Banks, Linda Robb, and Thomas Wöhling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2721–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2721-2024, 2024
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Braided rivers are complex and dynamic systems that are difficult to understand. Here, we proposes a new model of how braided rivers work in the subsurface based on field observations in three braided rivers in New Zealand. We suggest that braided rivers create their own shallow aquifers by moving bed sediments during flood flows. This new conceptualisation considers braided rivers as whole “river systems” consisting of channels and a gravel aquifer, which is distinct from the regional aquifer.
Fangzhong Shi, Xiaoyan Li, Shaojie Zhao, Yujun Ma, Junqi Wei, Qiwen Liao, and Deliang Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 163–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-163-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-163-2024, 2024
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(1) Evaporation under ice-free and sublimation under ice-covered conditions and its influencing factors were first quantified based on 6 years of eddy covariance observations. (2) Night evaporation of Qinghai Lake accounts for more than 40 % of the daily evaporation. (3) Lake ice sublimation reaches 175.22 ± 45.98 mm, accounting for 23 % of the annual evaporation. (4) Wind speed weakening may have resulted in a 7.56 % decrease in lake evaporation during the ice-covered period from 2003 to 2017.
Solomon Vimal and Vijay P. Singh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 445–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-445-2022, 2022
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Evaporation from open water is a well-studied problem in hydrology. Robert E. Horton, unknown to most investigators on the subject, studied it in great detail by conducting experiments and relating them to physical laws. His work furthered known theories of lake evaporation but was not recognized. This is unfortunate because it performs better than five variously complex methods across scales (local to continental; 30 min–2 months) and seems quite relevant for climate-change-era problems.
Shannon M. Sterling, Sarah MacLeod, Lobke Rotteveel, Kristin Hart, Thomas A. Clair, Edmund A. Halfyard, and Nicole L. O'Brien
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4763–4775, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4763-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4763-2020, 2020
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Wild salmon numbers in Nova Scotia, Canada, have been plummeting in recent decades. In 2014, we launched an ionic aluminium monitoring program in Nova Scotia to see if this toxic element was a threat to salmon populations. We found that all 10 monitored rivers had ionic aluminium concentrations that exceeded the threshold for aquatic health. Our results demonstrate that elevated aluminium still threatens aquatic ecosystems and that delays in recovery from acid rain remains a critical issue.
Georgiy Kirillin, Ilya Aslamov, Vladimir Kozlov, Roman Zdorovennov, and Nikolai Granin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1691–1708, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1691-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1691-2020, 2020
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We found that heat transported from Lake Baikal to its ice cover is up to 10 times higher than traditionally assumed and strongly affects the ice melting. The heat is transported by under-ice currents on the background of a strong temperature gradient between the ice base and warmer waters beneath. To parameterize this newly quantified transport mechanism, an original boundary layer model was developed. The results are crucial for understanding seasonal ice dynamics on lakes and marginal seas.
Jennifer C. Murphy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 991–1010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-991-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-991-2020, 2020
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Between 1992 and 2012, concentrations of suspended sediment decreased at about 60 % of 137 US stream sites, with increases at only 17 % of sites. Sediment trends were primarily attributed to changes in land management, but streamflow changes also contributed to these trends at > 50 % of sites. At many sites, decreases in sediment occurred despite small-to-moderate increases in the amount of anthropogenic land use, suggesting sediment reduction activities across the US may be seeing some success.
Bernd R. Schöne, Aliona E. Meret, Sven M. Baier, Jens Fiebig, Jan Esper, Jeffrey McDonnell, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 673–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, 2020
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We present the first annually resolved stable isotope record (1819–1998) from shells of Swedish river mussels. Data reflect hydrological processes in the catchment and changes in the isotope value of local precipitation. The latter is related to the origin of moisture from which precipitation formed (North Atlantic or the Arctic) and governed by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Results help to better understand climate dynamics and constrain ecological changes in river ecosystems.
Eleanore L. Heasley, Nicholas J. Clifford, and James D. A. Millington
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2305–2319, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2305-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2305-2019, 2019
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River network structure is an overlooked feature of catchments. We demonstrate that network structure impacts broad spatial patterns of river characteristics in catchments using regulatory data. River habitat quality increased with network density, but other characteristics responded differently between study catchments. Network density was quantified using a method that can easily be applied to any catchment. We suggest that river network structure should be included in catchment-level studies.
Gabriel Gerard Rooney, Nicole van Lipzig, and Wim Thiery
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6357–6369, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6357-2018, 2018
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This paper uses a unique observational dataset of a tropical African lake (L. Kivu) to assess the effect of rain on lake surface temperature. Data from 4 years were categorised by daily rain amount and total net radiation to show that heavy rain may reduce the end-of-day lake temperature by about 0.3 K. This is important since lake surface temperature may influence local weather on short timescales, but the effect of rain on lake temperature has been little studied or parametrised previously.
Chiara Magliozzi, Robert C. Grabowski, Aaron I. Packman, and Stefan Krause
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6163–6185, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6163-2018, 2018
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The hyporheic zone is the area below riverbeds where surfacewater and groundwater mix. Hyporheic flow is linked to river processes and functions, but research to date has not sufficiently addressed how factors operating at different scales in time and space drive hyporheic flow variations at reach and larger scales. This review presents the scale-specific processes and interactions that control hyporheic flow, and a case study showing how valley factors affect its expression at the reach scale.
Stefanie R. Lutz, Andrea Popp, Tim van Emmerik, Tom Gleeson, Liz Kalaugher, Karsten Möbius, Tonie Mudde, Brett Walton, Rolf Hut, Hubert Savenije, Louise J. Slater, Anna Solcerova, Cathelijne R. Stoof, and Matthias Zink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3589–3599, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3589-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3589-2018, 2018
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Media play a key role in the communication between scientists and the general public. However, the interaction between scientists and journalists is not always straightforward. In this opinion paper, we present insights from hydrologists and journalists into the benefits, aftermath and potential pitfalls of science–media interaction. We aim to encourage scientists to participate in the diverse and evolving media landscape, and we call on the scientific community to support scientists who do so.
Jason P. Julian, Kirsten M. de Beurs, Braden Owsley, Robert J. Davies-Colley, and Anne-Gaelle E. Ausseil
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1149–1171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1149-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1149-2017, 2017
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New Zealand is a natural laboratory for investigating water quality responses to land use intensity because it has one of the highest rates of agricultural intensification globally over recent decades. We interpreted water quality state and trends (1989–2014) of 77 river sites across NZ. We show that the greatest long-term negative impacts on river water quality have been increased cattle densities and legacy nutrients from intensively managed grasslands and plantation forests.
Linda Taft and Mariele Evers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4913–4928, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4913-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4913-2016, 2016
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The country of Myanmar and its abundant water resources are facing major challenges due to political and economic reforms, massive investments from neighbouring countries and climate change impacts. Publications on current and future impacts from human activities and climate change on Myanmar's river basins have been reviewed in order to gain an overview of the key drivers in these human–water dynamics. The review reveals the relevance of this information with regard to human–water interactions.
Giri R. Kattel, Xuhui Dong, and Xiangdong Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2151–2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2151-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2151-2016, 2016
M. W. Scown, M. C. Thoms, and N. R. De Jager
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 431–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-431-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-431-2016, 2016
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An index of floodplain surface complexity is developed in this paper and applied to eight floodplains from different geographic settings. Floodplain width and sediment yield were associated with the index or with sub-indicators, whereas hydrology was not. These findings suggest that valley and sediment conditions are important determinants of floodplain surface complexity, and these should complement hydrology as a focus of floodplain research and management.
Y. Liu and G. Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 93–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-93-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-93-2016, 2016
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Lake droughts result in significant hydrological, ecological and economic consequences. This study proposes approaches for quantifying the lake drought features and estimating the contributions from individual factors, taking China’s largest freshwater lake as a case examination. Our results showed that the recently increased lake droughts were due to hydroclimatic effects, with less important contributions from the water impoundments of the world’s largest dam affecting the lake outflows.
E. Nixdorf and B. Boehrer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4505–4515, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4505-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4505-2015, 2015
I. Himmelsbach, R. Glaser, J. Schoenbein, D. Riemann, and B. Martin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4149–4164, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4149-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4149-2015, 2015
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The article presents a long-term analysis of flood occurrence along the southern part of the Upper Rhine River system and of 14 of its tributaries in France and Germany since 1480 BC. Special focus is given to temporal and spatial variations of flood events and their underlying meteorological causes over time, knowledge about the historical aspects of flood protection and flood vulnerability, while comparing selected historical and modern extreme events, establishing a common evaluation scheme.
M. M. Mrokowska, P. M. Rowiński, and M. B. Kalinowska
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4041–4053, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4041-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4041-2015, 2015
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This paper presents evaluation of resistance parameters: friction slope, friction velocity and Manning coefficient in unsteady flow. Theoretical description is facilitated with the analysis of field data from artificial dam-break flood waves in a small lowland watercourse. The methodology to enhance the evaluation of resistance by relations derived from flow equations is proposed. The study shows the Manning coefficient is less sensitive to simplified relations than other parameters.
E. Isokangas, K. Rozanski, P. M. Rossi, A.-K. Ronkanen, and B. Kløve
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1247–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1247-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1247-2015, 2015
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An iterative isotope mass balance approach was used to quantify the groundwater dependence of 67 kettle lakes and ponds. A quantitative measure for the dependence of a lake on groundwater (G index) introduced in this study revealed generally large groundwater dependency among the lakes. The isotope mass balance approach proved to be especially useful when the groundwater reliance of lakes situated in a relatively small area with similar climatic conditions needs to be determined.
J. H. Gao, J. Jia, Y. P. Wang, Y. Yang, J. Li, F. Bai, X. Zou, and S. Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 645–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-645-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-645-2015, 2015
P. Ronco, V. Gallina, S. Torresan, A. Zabeo, E. Semenzin, A. Critto, and A. Marcomini
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5399–5414, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5399-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5399-2014, 2014
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This paper proposes a methodology, shaped by the EU Flood Directive, for the integrated assessment of flood risk at the regional scale for multiple receptors (i.e. people, economic activities, natural and semi-natural systems and cultural heritage) based on the subsequent assessment of hazards, exposure and vulnerability. By means of MCDA and GIS tools, it supports the ranking of the area, sub-areas and hotspots at risk, in order to evaluate the benefits of different risk prevention scenarios.
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3873–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, 2014
A. Emmer and V. Vilímek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3461–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3461-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3461-2014, 2014
S. T. Harrington and J. R. Harrington
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2191–2200, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2191-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2191-2014, 2014
J. Dawidek and B. Ferencz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1457–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1457-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1457-2014, 2014
J. A. Leach and R. D. Moore
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 819–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-819-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-819-2014, 2014
M. Pan and E. F. Wood
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4577–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4577-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4577-2013, 2013
T. R. Jackson, R. Haggerty, and S. V. Apte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2747–2779, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2747-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2747-2013, 2013
G. Göransson, M. Larson, and D. Bendz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2529–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2529-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2529-2013, 2013
F. Gallart, N. Prat, E. M. García-Roger, J. Latron, M. Rieradevall, P. Llorens, G. G. Barberá, D. Brito, A. M. De Girolamo, A. Lo Porto, A. Buffagni, S. Erba, R. Neves, N. P. Nikolaidis, J. L. Perrin, E. P. Querner, J. M. Quiñonero, M. G. Tournoud, O. Tzoraki, N. Skoulikidis, R. Gómez, M. M. Sánchez-Montoya, and J. Froebrich
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3165-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3165-2012, 2012
G. Göransson, M. Larson, D. Bendz, and M. Åkesson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1879–1893, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1879-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1879-2012, 2012
M. Forsius, T. Saloranta, L. Arvola, S. Salo, M. Verta, P. Ala-Opas, M. Rask, and J. Vuorenmaa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2629–2642, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2629-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2629-2010, 2010
D. M. Thompson and C. R. McCarrick
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1321–1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1321-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1321-2010, 2010
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Short summary
Historical hydrology combines documentary data with hydrological methods to lengthen flow records to the past centuries. We describe the methodological evolution of historical hydrology under the influence of developments in hydraulics and statistics. Analysis of 45 case studies in Europe show that present flood magnitudes are not unusual in the context of the past, whereas flood frequency has decreased, although some rivers show a reactivation of rare floods over the last two decades.
Historical hydrology combines documentary data with hydrological methods to lengthen flow...