Articles | Volume 26, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5185-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5185-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Oct 2022
Research article |
| 14 Oct 2022
| 14 Oct 2022
Flood patterns in a catchment with mixed bedrock geology and a hilly landscape: identification of flashy runoff contributions during storm events
Audrey Douinot
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
Jean François Iffly
Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
Cyrille Tailliez
Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
Claude Meisch
Administration de la Gestion de l'Eau – Division de l'Hydrologie, 1, avenue du Rock'n'roll, 4361 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Laurent Pfister
Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
Related authors
Judith Eeckman, Hélène Roux, Audrey Douinot, Bertrand Bonan, and Clément Albergel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1425–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The risk of flash flood is of growing importance for populations, particularly in the Mediterranean area in the context of a changing climate. The representation of soil processes in models is a key factor for flash flood simulation. The importance of the various methods for soil moisture estimation are highlighted in this work. Local measurements from the field as well as data derived from satellite imagery can be used to assess the performance of model outputs.
Audrey Douinot, Hélène Roux, Pierre-André Garambois, and Denis Dartus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5317–5340, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5317-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5317-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The distributed, process-oriented model, MARINE, was used to test several hypotheses of flow dynamics in soils during flash flood events in the Mediterranean area. Results show that the most realistic hypothesis for each catchment is consistent with existing in situ observations and measurements. The study also highlights the potential of distributed modelling and spatial observations in hydrology, especially in dealing with equifinality issues.
Paolo Nasta, Günter Blöschl, Heye R. Bogena, Steffen Zacharias, Roland Baatz, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Karsten H. Jensen, Salvatore Manfreda, Laurent Pfister, Ana M. Tarquis, Ilja van Meerveld, Marc Voltz, Yijian Zeng, William Kustas, Xin Li, Harry Vereecken, and Nunzio Romano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to tackle catchment-scale challenges on a global scale. This opinion paper provocatively discusses two end members of possible future hydrological observatory (HO) networks for a given hypothesized community budget: a comprehensive set of moderately instrumented observatories or, alternatively, a small number of highly instrumented super-sites.
Laurent Gourdol, Michael K. Stewart, Uwe Morgenstern, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-152, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-152, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Determining water transit times in aquifers is key to a better understanding of groundwater resources and their sustainable management. For our research, we used high-accuracy tritium data from 35 springs draining the Luxembourg Sandstone aquifer. We assessed the mean transit times of groundwater and found that water moves on average more than ten times slower vertically in the vadose zone of the aquifer (~12 m/year) than horizontally in its saturated zone (~170 m/year).
Judith Meyer, Malte Neuper, Luca Mathias, Erwin Zehe, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6163–6183, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We identified and analysed the major atmospheric components of rain-intense thunderstorms that can eventually lead to flash floods: high atmospheric moisture, sufficient latent instability, and weak thunderstorm cell motion. Between 1981 and 2020, atmospheric conditions became likelier to support strong thunderstorms. However, the occurrence of extreme rainfall events as well as their rainfall intensity remained mostly unchanged.
Alessandro Montemagno, Christophe Hissler, Victor Bense, Adriaan J. Teuling, Johanna Ziebel, and Laurent Pfister
Biogeosciences, 19, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the biogeochemical processes that dominate the release and retention of elements (nutrients and potentially toxic elements) during litter degradation. Our results show that toxic elements are retained in the litter, while nutrients are released in solution during the first stages of degradation. This seems linked to the capability of trees to distribute the elements between degradation-resistant and non-degradation-resistant compounds of leaves according to their chemical nature.
Laurent Gourdol, Rémi Clément, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Pfister, and Christophe Hissler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1785–1812, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1785-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1785-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a remarkable tool for characterizing the regolith, but its use over large areas remains cumbersome due to the requirement of small electrode spacing (ES). In this study we document the issues of using oversized ESs and propose a new approach to overcome this limitation. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves the accuracy of ERT profiles using large ES and offers a cost-effective means for carrying out large-scale surveys.
Jan Bondy, Jan Wienhöfer, Laurent Pfister, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-174, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-174, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
The Budyko curve is a widely-used and simple framework to predict the mean water balance of river catchments. While many catchments are in close accordance with the Budyko curve, others show more or less significant deviations. Our study aims at better understanding the role of soil storage characteristics in the mean water balance and offsets from the Budyko curve. Soil storage proved to be a very sensitive property and potentially explains significant deviations from the curve.
Judith Eeckman, Hélène Roux, Audrey Douinot, Bertrand Bonan, and Clément Albergel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1425–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The risk of flash flood is of growing importance for populations, particularly in the Mediterranean area in the context of a changing climate. The representation of soil processes in models is a key factor for flash flood simulation. The importance of the various methods for soil moisture estimation are highlighted in this work. Local measurements from the field as well as data derived from satellite imagery can be used to assess the performance of model outputs.
Nicolas Björn Rodriguez, Laurent Pfister, Erwin Zehe, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 401–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-401-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-401-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Different parts of water have often been used as tracers to determine the age of water in streams. The stable tracers, such as deuterium, are thought to be unable to reveal old water compared to the radioactive tracer called tritium. We used both tracers, measured in precipitation and in a stream in Luxembourg, to show that this is not necessarily true. It is, in fact, advantageous to use the two tracers together, and we recommend systematically using tritium in future studies.
Jasper Foets, Carlos E. Wetzel, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Adriaan J. Teuling, Jean-François Iffly, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4709–4725, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms (microscopic algae) are regarded as useful tracers in catchment hydrology. However, diatom analysis is labour-intensive; therefore, only a limited number of samples can be analysed. To reduce this number, we explored the potential for a time-integrated mass-flux sampler to provide a representative sample of the diatom assemblage for a whole storm run-off event. Our results indicate that the Phillips sampler did indeed sample representative communities during two of the three events.
Bernd R. Schöne, Aliona E. Meret, Sven M. Baier, Jens Fiebig, Jan Esper, Jeffrey McDonnell, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 673–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first annually resolved stable isotope record (1819–1998) from shells of Swedish river mussels. Data reflect hydrological processes in the catchment and changes in the isotope value of local precipitation. The latter is related to the origin of moisture from which precipitation formed (North Atlantic or the Arctic) and governed by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Results help to better understand climate dynamics and constrain ecological changes in river ecosystems.
Laurent Gourdol, Rémi Clément, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Pfister, and Christophe Hissler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-519, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-519, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a remarkable tool for characterizing the geometry and properties of the regolith. However, its use for large horizontal surveys remains cumbersome to characterize shallow subsurface structures due to the requirement of small electrode spacing increments. Here we propose a new approach to overcome this limitation. We demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves the accuracy of ERT profiles when using large electrode spacing increments.
Barbara Glaser, Marta Antonelli, Marco Chini, Laurent Pfister, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5987–6003, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate how thermal infrared images can be used for mapping the appearance and disappearance of water at the surface. The use of thermal infrared images allows for mapping this appearance and disappearance for various temporal and spatial resolutions, and the images can be understood intuitively. We explain the necessary steps in detail, from image acquisition to final processing, by relying on image examples and experience from an 18-month mapping campaign.
Audrey Douinot, Hélène Roux, Pierre-André Garambois, and Denis Dartus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5317–5340, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5317-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5317-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The distributed, process-oriented model, MARINE, was used to test several hypotheses of flow dynamics in soils during flash flood events in the Mediterranean area. Results show that the most realistic hypothesis for each catchment is consistent with existing in situ observations and measurements. The study also highlights the potential of distributed modelling and spatial observations in hydrology, especially in dealing with equifinality issues.
Michael P. Schwab, Julian Klaus, Laurent Pfister, and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 15, 2177–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2177-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2177-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the diel fluctuations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in a small stream in Luxembourg. We identified an increased proportion of DOC from terrestrial sources as responsible for the peaks in DOC in the afternoon. Warmer water temperatures in the riparian zone in the afternoon increased the amount of water flowing towards the stream. Consequently, an increased amount of DOC-rich water from the riparian zone was entering the stream.
Michael P. Schwab, Julian Klaus, Laurent Pfister, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-416, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-416, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Simon Paul Seibert, Conrad Jackisch, Uwe Ehret, Laurent Pfister, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2817–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2817-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2817-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Runoff production mechanisms and their corresponding physiographic controls continue to pose major research challenges in catchment hydrology. We propose innovative data-driven diagnostic signatures for overcoming the prevailing status quo in inter-comparison studies. Specifically, we present dimensionless double mass curves which allow us to infer information on runoff generation at the seasonal and annual timescales. The method is based on commonly available data.
N. Martínez-Carreras, C. E. Wetzel, J. Frentress, L. Ector, J. J. McDonnell, L. Hoffmann, and L. Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3133–3151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3133-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3133-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the hypothesis that different diatom species assemblages inhabit specific moisture domains of the catchment and, consequently, the presence of certain species assemblages in the stream during runoff events offers the potential for recording whether there was hydrological connectivity between these domains or not. In the Weierbach catchment, the transport of aerial diatoms during events suggested a rapid connectivity between the soil surface and the stream.
E. Zehe, U. Ehret, L. Pfister, T. Blume, B. Schröder, M. Westhoff, C. Jackisch, S. J. Schymanski, M. Weiler, K. Schulz, N. Allroggen, J. Tronicke, L. van Schaik, P. Dietrich, U. Scherer, J. Eccard, V. Wulfmeyer, and A. Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4635–4655, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4635-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4635-2014, 2014
A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits, L. Hopp, H. H. G. Savenije, and L. Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1749–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
To bucket or not to bucket? Analyzing the performance and interpretability of hybrid hydrological models with dynamic parameterization
Widespread flooding dynamics under climate change: characterising floods using grid-based hydrological modelling and regional climate projections
HESS Opinions: The sword of Damocles of the impossible flood
Metamorphic testing of machine learning and conceptual hydrologic models
The influence of human activities on streamflow reductions during the megadrought in central Chile
Elevational control of isotopic composition and application in understanding hydrologic processes in the mid Merced River catchment, Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Enhancing long short-term memory (LSTM)-based streamflow prediction with a spatially distributed approach
Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain
Impacts of spatiotemporal resolutions of precipitation on flood event simulation based on multimodel structures – a case study over the Xiang River basin in China
A network approach for multiscale catchment classification using traits
Multi-model approach in a variable spatial framework for streamflow simulation
Advancing understanding of lake–watershed hydrology: a fully coupled numerical model illustrated by Qinghai Lake
Technical note: Testing the connection between hillslope-scale runoff fluctuations and streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of large river basins
Empirical stream thermal sensitivity cluster on the landscape according to geology and climate
Deep learning for monthly rainfall–runoff modelling: a large-sample comparison with conceptual models across Australia
On optimization of calibrations of a distributed hydrological model with spatially distributed information on snow
Toward interpretable LSTM-based modeling of hydrological systems
Flow intermittence prediction using a hybrid hydrological modelling approach: influence of observed intermittence data on the training of a random forest model
What controls the tail behaviour of flood series: rainfall or runoff generation?
Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry-season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed in northern California
Glaciers determine the sensitivity of hydrological processes to perturbed climate in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau
Leveraging gauge networks and strategic discharge measurements to aid the development of continuous streamflow records
On the need for physical constraints in deep learning rainfall–runoff projections under climate change: a sensitivity analysis to warming and shifts in potential evapotranspiration
Evaluation of hydrological models on small mountainous catchments: impact of the meteorological forcings
Impacts of climate and land-surface change on catchment evapotranspiration and runoff from 1951–2020 in Saxony, Germany
Projecting sediment export from two highly glacierized alpine catchments under climate change: exploring non-parametric regression as an analysis tool
Evolution of river regime in the Mekong River basin over eight decades and role of dams in recent hydrologic extremes
A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+
On understanding mountainous carbonate basins of the Mediterranean using parsimonious modeling solutions
Comparing quantile regression forest and mixture density long short-term memory models for probabilistic post-processing of satellite precipitation-driven streamflow simulations
Projected future changes in cryosphere and hydrology of a mountainous catchment in the Upper Heihe River, China
Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes
Towards robust seasonal streamflow forecasts in mountainous catchments: impact of calibration metric selection in hydrological modeling
Modelling flood frequency and magnitude in a glacially conditioned, heterogeneous landscape: testing the importance of land cover and land use
When ancient numerical demons meet physics-informed machine learning: adjoint-based gradients for implicit differentiable modeling
Direct integration of reservoirs' operations in a hydrological model for streamflow estimation: coupling a CLSTM model with MOHID-Land
Skill of seasonal flow forecasts at catchment-scale: an assessment across South Korea
Modelling the regional sensitivity of snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow generation to climate over the Canadian Prairies using a basin classification approach
To what extent does river routing matter in hydrological modeling?
Calibrating macroscale hydrological models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins
An advanced tool integrating failure and sensitivity analysis into novel modeling of the stormwater flood volume
airGRteaching: an open-source tool for teaching hydrological modeling with R
Assessing the impact of climate change on high return levels of peak flows in Bavaria applying the CRCM5 Large Ensemble
To What Extent Do Extreme Storm Events Change Future Flood Hazards?
Stable water isotopes and tritium tracers tell the same tale: no evidence for underestimation of catchment transit times inferred by stable isotopes in StorAge Selection (SAS)-function models
Regionalization of GR4J model parameters for river flow prediction in Paraná, Brazil
Uncertainty in water transit time estimation with StorAge Selection functions and tracer data interpolation
Changes in Mediterranean flood processes and seasonality
Can the combining of wetlands with reservoir operation reduce the risk of future floods and droughts?
Knowledge-informed deep learning for hydrological model calibration: an application to Coal Creek Watershed in Colorado
Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Ralf Loritz, Manuel Álvarez Chaves, Nicole Bäuerle, and Uwe Ehret
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2705–2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological hybrid models promise to merge the performance of deep learning methods with the interpretability of process-based models. One hybrid approach is the dynamic parameterization of conceptual models using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. We explored this method to evaluate the effect of the flexibility given by LSTMs on the process-based part.
Adam Griffin, Alison L. Kay, Paul Sayers, Victoria Bell, Elizabeth Stewart, and Sam Carr
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2635–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2635-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2635-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Widespread flooding is a major problem in the UK and is greatly affected by climate change and land-use change. To look at how widespread flooding changes in the future, climate model data (UKCP18) were used with a hydrological model (Grid-to-Grid) across the UK, and 14 400 events were identified between two time slices: 1980–2010 and 2050–2080. There was a strong increase in the number of winter events in the future time slice and in the peak return periods.
Alberto Montanari, Bruno Merz, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2603–2615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods often take communities by surprise, as they are often considered virtually
impossibleyet are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. We discuss four reasons why extremely large floods carry a risk that is often larger than expected. We provide suggestions for managing the risk of megafloods by calling for a creative exploration of hazard scenarios and communicating the unknown corners of the reality of floods.
Peter Reichert, Kai Ma, Marvin Höge, Fabrizio Fenicia, Marco Baity-Jesi, Dapeng Feng, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2505–2529, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the predicted change in catchment outlet discharge to precipitation and temperature change for conceptual and machine learning hydrological models. We found that machine learning models, despite providing excellent fit and prediction capabilities, can be unreliable regarding the prediction of the effect of temperature change for low-elevation catchments. This indicates the need for caution when applying them for the prediction of the effect of climate change.
Nicolás Álamos, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Ariel Muñoz, and Álvaro González-Reyes
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2483–2503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we assess the effects of climate and water use on streamflow reductions and drought intensification during the last 3 decades in central Chile. We address this by contrasting streamflow observations with near-natural streamflow simulations. We conclude that while the lack of precipitation dominates streamflow reductions in the megadrought, water uses have not diminished during this time, causing a worsening of the hydrological drought conditions and maladaptation conditions.
Fengjing Liu, Martha H. Conklin, and Glenn D. Shaw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2239–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain snowpack has been declining and more precipitation falls as rain than snow. Using stable isotopes, we found flows and flow duration in Yosemite Creek are most sensitive to climate warming due to strong evaporation of waterfalls, potentially lengthening the dry-up period of waterfalls in summer and negatively affecting tourism. Groundwater recharge in Yosemite Valley is primarily from the upper snow–rain transition (2000–2500 m) and very vulnerable to a reduction in the snow–rain ratio.
Qiutong Yu, Bryan A. Tolson, Hongren Shen, Ming Han, Juliane Mai, and Jimmy Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2107–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to incorporate input variables' spatial distribution information when implementing long short-term memory (LSTM) models for streamflow prediction. This work presents a novel hybrid modelling approach to predict streamflow while accounting for spatial variability. We evaluated the performance against lumped LSTM predictions in 224 basins across the Great Lakes region in North America. This approach shows promise for predicting streamflow in large, ungauged basin.
Marcus Buechel, Louise Slater, and Simon Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2081–2105, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation has been proposed internationally, but the hydrological implications of such large increases in the spatial extent of woodland are not fully understood. In this study, we use a land surface model to simulate hydrology across Great Britain with realistic afforestation scenarios and potential climate changes. Countrywide afforestation minimally influences hydrology, when compared to climate change, and reduces low streamflow whilst not lowering the highest flows.
Qian Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Dongyang Zhou, Tiantian Yang, and Xinyi Song
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1665–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and prediction. Satellite-based precipitation with different spatiotemporal resolutions is an important input source. Data-driven models are sometimes proven to be more accurate than hydrological models. Event-based calibration and conventional strategy are two options adopted for flood simulation. This study targets the three concerns for accurate flood event simulation and prediction.
Fabio Ciulla and Charuleka Varadharajan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1617–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method based on network science for unsupervised classification of large datasets and apply it to classify 9067 US catchments and 274 biophysical traits at multiple scales. We find that our trait-based approach produces catchment classes with distinct streamflow behavior and that spatial patterns emerge amongst pristine and human-impacted catchments. This method can be widely used beyond hydrology to identify patterns, reduce trait redundancy, and select representative sites.
Cyril Thébault, Charles Perrin, Vazken Andréassian, Guillaume Thirel, Sébastien Legrand, and Olivier Delaigue
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1539–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow forecasting is useful for many applications, ranging from population safety (e.g. floods) to water resource management (e.g. agriculture or hydropower). To this end, hydrological models must be optimized. However, a model is inherently wrong. This study aims to analyse the contribution of a multi-model approach within a variable spatial framework to improve streamflow simulations. The underlying idea is to take advantage of the strength of each modelling framework tested.
Lele Shu, Xiaodong Li, Yan Chang, Xianhong Meng, Hao Chen, Yuan Qi, Hongwei Wang, Zhaoguo Li, and Shihua Lyu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1477–1491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new model to better understand how water moves in a lake basin. Our model improves upon previous methods by accurately capturing the complexity of water movement, both on the surface and subsurface. Our model, tested using data from China's Qinghai Lake, accurately replicates complex water movements and identifies contributing factors of the lake's water balance. The findings provide a robust tool for predicting hydrological processes, aiding water resource planning.
Ricardo Mantilla, Morgan Fonley, and Nicolás Velásquez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1373–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrologists strive to “Be right for the right reasons” when modeling the hydrologic cycle; however, the datasets available to validate hydrological models are sparse, and in many cases, they comprise streamflow observations at the outlets of large catchments. In this work, we show that matching streamflow observations at the outlet of a large basin is not a reliable indicator of a correct description of the small-scale runoff processes.
Lillian M. McGill, E. Ashley Steel, and Aimee H. Fullerton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1351–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the relationship between air and river temperatures in Washington's Snoqualmie and Wenatchee basins. We used classification and regression approaches to show that the sensitivity of river temperature to air temperature is variable across basins and controlled largely by geology and snowmelt. Findings can be used to inform strategies for river basin restoration and conservation, such as identifying climate-insensitive areas of the basin that should be preserved and protected.
Stephanie R. Clark, Julien Lerat, Jean-Michel Perraud, and Peter Fitch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1191–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To determine if deep learning models are in general a viable alternative to traditional hydrologic modelling techniques in Australian catchments, a comparison of river–runoff predictions is made between traditional conceptual models and deep learning models in almost 500 catchments spread over the continent. It is found that the deep learning models match or outperform the traditional models in over two-thirds of the river catchments, indicating feasibility in a wide variety of conditions.
Dipti Tiwari, Mélanie Trudel, and Robert Leconte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1127–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Calibrating hydrological models with multi-objective functions enhances model robustness. By using spatially distributed snow information in the calibration, the model performance can be enhanced without compromising the outputs. In this study the HYDROTEL model was calibrated in seven different experiments, incorporating the SPAEF (spatial efficiency) metric alongside Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE), with the aim of identifying the optimal calibration strategy.
Luis Andres De la Fuente, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Hoshin Vijai Gupta, and Laura Elizabeth Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 945–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a widely used machine-learning model in hydrology, but it is difficult to extract knowledge from it. We propose HydroLSTM, which represents processes like a hydrological reservoir. Models based on HydroLSTM perform similarly to LSTM while requiring fewer cell states. The learned parameters are informative about the dominant hydrology of a catchment. Our results show how parsimony and hydrological knowledge extraction can be achieved by using the new structure.
Louise Mimeau, Annika Künne, Flora Branger, Sven Kralisch, Alexandre Devers, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 851–871, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling flow intermittence is essential for predicting the future evolution of drying in river networks and better understanding the ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, modelling flow intermittence is challenging, and observed data on temporary rivers are scarce. This study presents a new modelling approach for predicting flow intermittence in river networks and shows that combining different sources of observed data reduces the model uncertainty.
Elena Macdonald, Bruno Merz, Björn Guse, Viet Dung Nguyen, Xiaoxiang Guan, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some rivers, the occurrence of extreme flood events is more likely than in other rivers – they have heavy-tailed distributions. We find that threshold processes in the runoff generation lead to such a relatively high occurrence probability of extremes. Further, we find that beyond a certain return period, i.e. for rare events, rainfall is often the dominant control compared to runoff generation. Our results can help to improve the estimation of the occurrence probability of extreme floods.
Claire Kouba and Thomas Harter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 691–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some watersheds, the severity of the dry season has a large impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we design a way to predict, 5–6 months in advance, how severe the dry season will be in a rural watershed in northern California. This early warning can support seasonal adaptive management. To predict these two values, we assess data about snow, rain, groundwater, and river flows. We find that maximum snowpack and total wet season rainfall best predict dry season severity.
Yi Nan and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 669–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilized a tracer-aided model validated by multiple datasets in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau to analyze hydrological sensitivity to climate change. The spatial pattern of the local hydrological sensitivities and the influence factors were analyzed in particular. The main finding of this paper is that the local hydrological sensitivity in mountainous basins is determined by the relationship between the glacier area ratio and the mean annual precipitation.
Michael J. Vlah, Matthew R. V. Ross, Spencer Rhea, and Emily S. Bernhardt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 545–573, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Virtual stream gauging enables continuous streamflow estimation where a gauge might be difficult or impractical to install. We reconstructed flow at 27 gauges of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), informing ~199 site-months of missing data in the official record and improving that accuracy of official estimates at 11 sites. This study shows that machine learning, but also routine regression methods, can be used to supplement existing gauge networks and reduce monitoring costs.
Sungwook Wi and Scott Steinschneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 479–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate whether deep learning (DL) models can produce physically plausible streamflow projections under climate change. We address this question by focusing on modeled responses to increases in temperature and potential evapotranspiration and by employing three DL and three process-based hydrological models. The results suggest that physical constraints regarding model architecture and input are necessary to promote the physical realism of DL hydrological projections under climate change.
Guillaume Evin, Matthieu Le Lay, Catherine Fouchier, David Penot, Francois Colleoni, Alexandre Mas, Pierre-André Garambois, and Olivier Laurantin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological modelling of mountainous catchments is challenging for many reasons, the main one being the temporal and spatial representation of precipitation forcings. This study presents an evaluation of the hydrological modelling of 55 small mountainous catchments of the northern French Alps, focusing on the influence of the type of precipitation reanalyses used as inputs. These evaluations emphasize the added value of radar measurements, in particular for the reproduction of flood events.
Maik Renner and Corina Hauffe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-6, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Climate and land-surface conditions influence the availability of fresh water resources. Their impact is quantified with data of 71 catchments in Saxony/Germany, for which distinct signatures in the joint water and energy budgets are found: (i) past forest dieback caused a decrease and subsequent recovery of evapotranspiration in the affected regions, and (ii) the recent shift towards higher aridity imposed a large decline in runoff, that has not been seen in the observation records before.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 139–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How suspended sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas responds to future climate change is hardly assessable as many interacting processes are involved, and appropriate physical models are lacking. We present the first study, to our knowledge, exploring machine learning to project sediment export until 2100 in two high-alpine catchments. We find that uncertainties due to methodological limitations are small until 2070. Negative trends imply that peak sediment may have already passed.
Huy Dang and Yadu Pokhrel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3158, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3158, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By examining basin-wide simulations of the river regime over 83 years with and without dams, we present evidence that climate variation was a key driver of hydrologic variabilities in the Mekong River Basin (MRB) over the long-term; however, dams have largely altered the seasonality of Mekong’s flow regime and annual flooding patterns at major downstream areas in recent years. These findings could help rethink the planning of future dams and water resource management in the MRB.
Salam A. Abbas, Ryan T. Bailey, Jeremy T. White, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Michael J. White, Natalja Čerkasova, and Jungang Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research highlights.
1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds with different unique hydrologic features across the United States.
2. Presented methods for sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation for coupled models.
3. Sensitivity analysis for streamflow and groundwater head conducted using Morris method.
4. Uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation performed using an iterative ensemble smoother within the PEST framework.
Shima Azimi, Christian Massari, Giuseppe Formetta, Silvia Barbetta, Alberto Tazioli, Davide Fronzi, Sara Modanesi, Angelica Tarpanelli, and Riccardo Rigon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4485–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the water budget of nested karst catchments using simple methods and modeling. By utilizing the available data on precipitation and discharge, we were able to determine the response lag-time by adopting new techniques. Additionally, we modeled snow cover dynamics and evapotranspiration with the use of Earth observations, providing a concise overview of the water budget for the basin and its subbasins. We have made the data, models, and workflows accessible for further study.
Yuhang Zhang, Aizhong Ye, Bita Analui, Phu Nguyen, Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, and Yuxuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4529–4550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that while the quantile regression forest (QRF) and countable mixtures of asymmetric Laplacians long short-term memory (CMAL-LSTM) models demonstrate similar proficiency in multipoint probabilistic predictions, QRF excels in smaller watersheds and CMAL-LSTM in larger ones. CMAL-LSTM performs better in single-point deterministic predictions, whereas QRF model is more efficient overall.
Zehua Chang, Hongkai Gao, Leilei Yong, Kang Wang, Rensheng Chen, Chuntan Han, Otgonbayar Demberel, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Shugui Hou, and Zheng Duan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3043, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3043, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An integrated cryospheric-hydrologic model, FLEX-Cryo, was developed, considered glaciers, snow cover, frozen soil, and their dynamic impacts on hydrology. We utilized the model to simulate the future changes in cryosphere and hydrology in Hulu catchment. Our projections showed that the two glaciers will melt out around 2050; snow cover will reduce; and permafrost will degrade. For hydrology, runoff will decrease after glacier melt out; and permafrost degradation will increase baseflow.
Léo C. P. Martin, Sebastian Westermann, Michele Magni, Fanny Brun, Joel Fiddes, Yanbin Lei, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Tamara Mathys, Moritz Langer, Simon Allen, and Walter W. Immerzeel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4409–4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across the Tibetan Plateau, many large lakes have been changing level during the last decades as a response to climate change. In high-mountain environments, water fluxes from the land to the lakes are linked to the ground temperature of the land and to the energy fluxes between the ground and the atmosphere, which are modified by climate change. With a numerical model, we test how these water and energy fluxes have changed over the last decades and how they influence the lake level variations.
Diego Araya, Pablo A. Mendoza, Eduardo Muñoz-Castro, and James McPhee
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4385–4408, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dynamical systems are used by many agencies worldwide to produce seasonal streamflow forecasts, which are critical for decision-making. Such systems rely on hydrology models, which contain parameters that are typically estimated using a target performance metric (i.e., objective function). This study explores the effects of this decision across mountainous basins in Chile, illustrating tradeoffs between seasonal forecast quality and the models' capability to simulate streamflow characteristics.
Pamela E. Tetford and Joseph R. Desloges
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3977–3998, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An efficient regional flood frequency model relates drainage area to discharge, with a major assumption of similar basin conditions. In a landscape with variable glacial deposits and land use, we characterize varying hydrological function using 28 explanatory variables. We demonstrate that (1) a heterogeneous landscape requires objective model selection criteria to optimize the fit of flow data, and (2) incorporating land use as a predictor variable improves the drainage area to discharge model.
Yalan Song, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Martyn P. Clark, Dapeng Feng, Kathryn E. Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-258, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-258, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Wouldn't it be nice to have both the accuracy of neural networks (NNs) and the interpretability of process-based models (PBMs)? Differentiable modeling gives you the best of both worlds by connecting NNs with PBMs. However, there was previously a major issue that iterative solution schemes would run into memory use trouble. This paper presents an operator called adjoint, which liberates all the iterative solvers. This is the first time adjoint is applied to large-scale hydrologic modeling.
Ana Ramos Oliveira, Tiago Brito Ramos, Lígia Pinto, and Ramiro Neves
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3875–3893, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper intends to demonstrate the adequacy of a hybrid solution to overcome the difficulties related to the incorporation of human behavior when modeling hydrological processes. Two models were implemented, one to estimate the outflow of a reservoir and the other to simulate the hydrological processes of the watershed. With both models feeding each other, results show that the proposed approach significantly improved the streamflow estimation downstream of the reservoir.
Yongshin Lee, Francesca Pianosi, Andres Peñuela, and Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2169, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2169, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Following recent advancements in weather prediction technology, we explored how seasonal weather forecasts (one or more months ahead) could benefit practical water management in South Korea. Our findings highlight that using seasonal weather forecasts for predicting flow patterns 1 to 3 months ahead is effective, especially during dry years. This suggest that seasonal weather forecasts can be helpful in improving the management of water resources.
Zhihua He, Kevin Shook, Christopher Spence, John W. Pomeroy, and Colin Whitfield
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3525–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow over the Canadian Prairies. The entire prairie region was divided into seven basin types. We found strong variations of hydrological sensitivity to precipitation and temperature changes in different land covers and basins, which suggests that different water management and adaptation methods are needed to address enhanced water stress due to expected climate change in different regions of the prairies.
Nicolás Cortés-Salazar, Nicolás Vásquez, Naoki Mizukami, Pablo A. Mendoza, and Ximena Vargas
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3505–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows how important river models can be for water resource applications that involve hydrological models and, in particular, parameter calibration. To this end, we conduct numerical experiments in a pilot basin using a combination of hydrologic model simulations obtained from a large sample of parameter sets and different routing methods. We find that routing can affect streamflow simulations, even at monthly time steps; the choice of parameters; and relevant streamflow metrics.
Dung Trung Vu, Thanh Duc Dang, Francesca Pianosi, and Stefano Galelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of hydrological models over extensive spatial domains is often challenged by the lack of data on river discharge and the operations of hydraulic infrastructures. Here, we use satellite data to address the lack of data that could unintentionally bias the calibration process. Our study is underpinned by a computational framework that quantifies this bias and provides a safe approach to the calibration of models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins.
Francesco Fatone, Bartosz Szeląg, Przemysław Kowal, Arthur McGarity, Adam Kiczko, Grzegorz Wałek, Ewa Wojciechowska, Michał Stachura, and Nicolas Caradot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3329–3349, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel methodology for the development of a stormwater network performance simulator including advanced risk assessment was proposed. The applied tool enables the analysis of the influence of spatial variability in catchment and stormwater network characteristics on the relation between (SWMM) model parameters and specific flood volume, as an alternative approach to mechanistic models. The proposed method can be used at the stage of catchment model development and spatial planning management.
Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Brigode, Guillaume Thirel, and Laurent Coron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3293–3327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Teaching hydrological modeling is an important, but difficult, matter. It requires appropriate tools and teaching material. In this article, we present the airGRteaching package, which is an open-source software tool relying on widely used hydrological models. This tool proposes an interface and numerous hydrological modeling exercises representing a wide range of hydrological applications. We show how this tool can be applied to simple but real-life cases.
Florian Willkofer, Raul Roger Wood, and Ralf Ludwig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2019, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Severe flood events pose threat to riverine areas, yet robust estimates about the dynamics of these events in the future due to climate change are rarely available. Hence, this study uses and benefits from data from a RCM SMILE to drive a high-resolution hydrological model for 98 catchments of the Hydrological Bavaria to exploit the large database to derive robust values for the 100-year flood events. Results indicate an increase in frequency and intensity for most catchments in the future.
Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1969, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Due to climate change, flooding is expected to become more frequent globally in the coming decades. Locally, storm-induced channel geometry changes can drastically affect flood hazards, yet rivers are mostly treated as static elements in flood studies. This study tried to gain an understanding of the effects of major storm events on future flood hazards, promoting a framework for incorporating channel conveyance adjustments into flood hazard assessment.
Siyuan Wang, Markus Hrachowitz, Gerrit Schoups, and Christine Stumpp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3083–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that previously reported underestimations of water ages are most likely not due to the use of seasonally variable tracers. Rather, these underestimations can be largely attributed to the choices of model approaches which rely on assumptions not frequently met in catchment hydrology. We therefore strongly advocate avoiding the use of this model type in combination with seasonally variable tracers and instead adopting StorAge Selection (SAS)-based or comparable model formulations.
Louise Akemi Kuana, Arlan Scortegagna Almeida, Emilio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, and Steffen Manfred Noe
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1755, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The authors compared different regionalization methods for river flow prediction in watersheds with few data. We collected data on precipitation, evapotranspiration, river flow, and geographical and climatic factors for 126 catchments in the Paraná state, Brazil. The regionalization method based on physiographic-climatic similarity showed to be the most robust for predicting daily and Q95 reference flow. We also found patterns in data, grouping locations based on similarities.
Arianna Borriero, Rohini Kumar, Tam V. Nguyen, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Stefanie R. Lutz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2989–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the uncertainty of the water transit time distribution (TTD) arising from model input (interpolated tracer data) and structure (StorAge Selection, SAS, functions). We found that uncertainty was mainly associated with temporal interpolation, choice of SAS function, nonspatial interpolation, and low-flow conditions. It is important to characterize the specific uncertainty sources and their combined effects on TTD, as this has relevant implications for both water quantity and quality.
Yves Tramblay, Patrick Arnaud, Guillaume Artigue, Michel Lang, Emmanuel Paquet, Luc Neppel, and Eric Sauquet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2973–2987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean floods are causing major damage, and recent studies have shown that, despite the increase in intense rainfall, there has been no increase in river floods. This study reveals that the seasonality of floods changed in the Mediterranean Basin during 1959–2021. There was also an increased frequency of floods linked to short episodes of intense rain, associated with a decrease in soil moisture. These changes need to be taken into consideration to adapt flood warning systems.
Yanfeng Wu, Jingxuan Sun, Boting Hu, Y. Jun Xu, Alain N. Rousseau, and Guangxin Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2725–2745, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoirs and wetlands are important regulators of watershed hydrology, which should be considered when projecting floods and droughts. We first coupled wetlands and reservoir operations into a semi-spatially-explicit hydrological model and then applied it in a case study involving a large river basin in northeast China. We found that, overall, the risk of future floods and droughts will increase further even under the combined influence of reservoirs and wetlands.
Peishi Jiang, Pin Shuai, Alexander Sun, Maruti K. Mudunuru, and Xingyuan Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2621–2644, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel deep learning approach to estimate the parameters of a computationally expensive hydrological model on only a few hundred realizations. Our approach leverages the knowledge obtained by data-driven analysis to guide the design of the deep learning model used for parameter estimation. We demonstrate this approach by calibrating a state-of-the-art hydrological model against streamflow and evapotranspiration observations at a snow-dominated watershed in Colorado.
Cited articles
adouinot: adouinot/TransitTimeModel: TransferTimeModel V1.0.0 (1.0.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7181809, 2022.
Asano, Y., Uchida, T., and Tomomura, M.: A Novel Method of Quantifying
Catchment-Wide Average Peak Propagation Speed in Hillslopes: Fast Hillslope
Responses are Detected During Annual Floods in a Steep Humid Catchment,
Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR025070, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025070, 2020.
Anderson, A. E., Weiler, M., Alila, Y., and Hudson, R. O.: Subsurface flow
velocities in a hillslope with lateral preferential flow, Water Resour.
Res., 45, W11407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007121, 2009.
Berghuijs, W. R., Allen, S. T., Harrigan, S., and Kirchner, J. W.: Growing
Spatial Scales of Synchronous River Flooding in Europe, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 46, 1423–1428, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081883, 2019.
Bergstrom, A., Jencso, K., and McGlynn, B.: Spatiotemporal processes that
contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and
streams, Water Resour. Res., 52, 4628–4645,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017972, 2016.
Braud, I.: Proceedings of the final ANR FloodScale workshop: multi-scale
hydro-meteorological observation and modelling for flash flood understanding
and simulation, in: Séminaire de restitution du projet ANR Floodscale,
Aix-en Provence, France, p. 109, https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02602293 (last access: 2 July 2020), 2015.
Braud, I., Ayral, P. A., Bouvier, C., Branger, F., Delrieu, G., Dramais, G.,
and Vandervaere, J. P.: Advances in flash floods understanding and modelling
derived from the FloodScale project in south-east France, in: 3rd European
Conference on Flood Risk Management, Innovation, Implementation, Integration
(FLOODrisk 2016), Vol. 7, p. 4005, Lyon, France,
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160704005, 2016.
Bronstert, A., Agarwal, A., Boessenkool, B., Crisologo, I., Fischer, M.,
Heistermann, M., and Wendi, D.: Forensic hydro-meteorological analysis of an
extreme flash flood: The 2016-05-29 event in Braunsbach, SW Germany, Sci.
Total Environ., 630, 977–991,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.241, 2018.
Bryndal, T.: Local flash floods in Central Europe: A case study of Poland.
Norsk Geogr. Tidsskr., 69,
288–298, https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2015.1072242, 2015.
Butzen, V., Seeger, M., Marruedo, A., de Jonge, L., Wengel, R., Ries, J. B.,
and Casper, M. C.: Water repellency under coniferous and deciduous forest –
Experimental assessment and impact on overland flow, Catena, 133, 255–265,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.05.022, 2015.
Diakakis, M. and Deligiannakis, G.: Flood fatalities in Greece: 1970–2010,
J. Flood Risk Manag., 10, 115–123,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12166, 2017.
Doerr, S. H., Shakesby, R. A., and Walsh, R. P. D.: Soil water repellency:
Its causes, characteristics and hydro-geomorphological significance, Earth
Sci. Rev., 51, 33–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00011-8, 2000.
Douinot, A., Roux, H., Garambois, P.-A., and Dartus, D.: Using a multi-hypothesis framework to improve the understanding of flow dynamics during flash floods, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5317–5340, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5317-2018, 2018.
Douinot, A., Dalla Torre, A., Martin, J., Iffly, J.-F., Rapin, L., Meisch,
C., Bastian C., and Pfister, L.: Prototype of a LPWA Network for Real-Time
Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring and Flood Nowcasting, in: Ad-Hoc, Mobile,
and Wireless Networks, edited by: Palattella, M. R.,
Scanzio, S., and Coleri Ergen, S., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11803, Springer, 566–574, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31831-4_40, 2019.
Du, J., Niu, J., Gao, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Li, X., van Doorn, N. S.,
Luo, Z., and Zhu, Z.: Effects of rainfall intensity and slope on
interception and precipitation partitioning by forest litter layer, CATENA,
172, 711–718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.036, 2019.
Ducrocq, V., Braud, I., Davolio, S., Ferretti, R., Flamant, C., Jansa, A.,
Kalthoff, N., Richard, E., Taupier-Letage, I., Ayral, P., Belamari, S.,
Berne, A., Borga, M., Boudevillain, B., Bock, O., Boichard, J., Bouin, M.,
Bousquet, O., Bouvier, C., Chiggiato, J., Cimini, D., Corsmeier, U.,
Coppola, L., Cocquerez, P., Defer, E., Delanoë, J., Di Girolamo, P.,
Doerenbecher, A., Drobinski, P., Dufournet, Y., Fourrié, N., Gourley, J.
J., Labatut, L., Lambert, D., Le Coz, J., Marzano, F. S., Molinié, G.,
Montani, A., Nord, G., Nuret, M., Ramage, K., Rison, W., Roussot, O., Said,
F., Schwarzenboeck, A., Testor, P., Van Baelen, J., Vincendon, B., Aran, M.,
and Tamayo, J.: HyMeX-SOP1: The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy
Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean, B.
Am. Meteor. Soc., 95, 1083–1100,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00244.1, 2014.
EM-DAT: CRED/UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium, https://www.emdat.be/ (last access: 2 July 2020.
Fenicia, F., Kavetski, D., Savenije, H. H. G., Clark, M. P., Schoups, G.,
Pfister, L., and Freer, J.: Catchment properties, function, and conceptual
model representation: is there a correspondence?, Hydrol. Process.,
28, 2451–2467, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9726, 2014.
Gabrielli, C. P., McDonnell, J. J., and Jarvis, W. T.: The role of bedrock
groundwater in rainfall-runoff response at hillslope and catchment scales,
J. Hydrol., 450–451, 117–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.023, 2012.
Gaume, E., Borga, M., Llassat, M. C., Maouche, S., Lang, M., and Diakakis,
M.: Mediterranean extreme floods and flash floods, in: The Mediterranean
Region under Climate Change, A Scientific Update, IRD Editions,
133–144, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01465740 (last access: 2 July 2020), 2016.
Gerke, K. M., Sidle, R. C., and Mallants, D.: Preferential flow mechanisms
identified from staining experiments in forested hillslopes, Hydrol.
Process., 29, 4562–4578, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10468, 2015.
Gomi, T., Sidle, R. C., Ueno, M., Miyata, S., and Kosugi, K.:
Characteristics of overland flow generation on steep forested hillslopes of
central Japan, J. Hydrol., 361, 275–290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.045, 2008.
Graham, R. C., Rossi, A. M., and Hubbert, K. R.: Rock to regolith
conversion: Producing hospitable substrates for terrestrial ecosystems, GSA
Today, 20, 4–9, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT57A.1, 2010.
Hoeffding, W.: A Non-Parametric Test of Independence, Ann. Math. Stat.,
19, 546–557, https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730150, 1948.
Hrachowitz, M., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Malcolm, I. A., and Schoups, G.:
Gamma distribution models for transit time estimation in catchments:
Physical interpretation of parameters and implications for time-variant
transit time assessment, Water Resour. Res., 46, W10536,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009148, 2010.
Iwasaki, K., Katsuyama, M., and Tani, M.: Contributions of bedrock
groundwater to the upscaling of storm-runoff generation processes in
weathered granitic headwater catchments, Hydrol. Process., 29,
1535–1548, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10279, 2015.
Iwasaki, K., Katsuyama, M., and Tani, M.: Factors affecting dominant
peak-flow runoff-generation mechanisms among five neighbouring granitic
headwater catchments, Hydrol. Process., 34, 1154–1166,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13656, 2020.
Jackisch, C., Angermann, L., Allroggen, N., Sprenger, M., Blume, T., Tronicke, J., and Zehe, E.: Form and function in hillslope hydrology: in situ imaging and characterization of flow-relevant structures, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3749–3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3749-2017, 2017.
Jeyakumar, P., Müller, K., Deurer, M., van den Dijssel, C., Mason, K.,
Le Mire, G., and Clothier, B.: A novel approach to quantify the impact of
soil water repellency on run-off and solute loss, Geoderma, 221–222,
121–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.01.008, 2014.
Kausch, B. and Maquil, R.: Landscapes and Landforms of the Luxembourg
Sandstone, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, in: Landscapes and Landforms of
Belgium and Luxembourg, edited by: Demoulin, A., Springer International
Publishing, the Netherlands, 1st ed., 43–62,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58239-9, 2018.
Kendall, M. G.: A new measure of rank correlation, Biometrika, 30,
81–93, 1938.
Kim, J. K., Onda, Y., Kim, M. S., and Yang, D. Y.: Plot-scale study of
surface runoff on well-covered forest floors under different canopy species,
Quaternary Int., 344, 75–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.036, 2014.
Kirnbauer, R., Blöschl, G., Haas, P., Müller, G., and Merz, B.:
Identifying Space-time Patterns of Runoff Generation: A Case Study from the
Löhnersbach Catchment, Austrian Alps, in: Global Change and Mountain
Regions: An Overview of Current Knowledge, edited by: Huber, U. M.,
Bugmann, H. K. M., and Reasoner, M. A., Springer, the Netherlands, 309–320,
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-X_31, 2005.
Llasat, M. C., Marcos, R., Turco, M., Gilabert, J., and Llasat-Botija, M.:
Trends in flash flood events versus convective precipitation in the
Mediterranean region: The case of Catalonia, J. Hydrol., 541,
24–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.040, 2016.
Marchi, L., Borga, M., Preciso, E., and Gaume, E.: Characterisation of
selected extreme flash floods in Europe and implications for flood risk
management, J. Hydrol., 394, 118–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.017, 2010.
Martínez-Carreras, N., Hissler, C., Gourdol, L., Klaus, J., Juilleret,
J., Iffly, J. F., and Pfister, L.: Storage controls on the generation of
double peak hydrographs in a forested headwater catchment, J.
Hydrol., 543, 255–269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.10.004,
2016.
Massari, C., Camici, S., Ciabatta, L., Penna, D., Marra, A. C., and
Panegrossi, G.: Floods in the Mediterranean area: The role of
soil moisture and precipitation, in: Water resources in Mediterranean
region, chap. 8, edited by: Zribi, M., Brocca, L., Tramblay, Y., and Molle, F., Elsevier,
191–218,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818086-0.00008-X, 2020.
McGlynn, B. L., McDonnell, J. J., Seibert, J., and Kendall, C.: Scale
effects on headwater catchment runoff timing, flow sources, and
groundwater-streamflow relations, Water Resour. Res., 40, W07504,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002494, 2004.
Miller, D. J. and Dunne, T.: Topographic perturbations of regional stresses
and consequent bedrock fracturing, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol.
Ea., 101, 25523–25536, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02531, 1996.
Miyata, S., Kosugi, K., Gomi, T., and Mizuyama, T.: Effects of forest floor
coverage on overland flow and soil erosion on hillslopes in Japanese cypress
plantation forests, Water Resour. Res., 45, W06402,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007270, 2009.
Molnar, P.: Interactions among topographically induced elastic stress,
static fatigue, and valley incision, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 109, F02010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JF000097, 2004.
Nobre, A. D., Cuartas, L. A., Hodnett, M., Rennó, C. D., Rodrigues, G.,
Silveira, A., Waterloo, M., and Saleska, S.: Height Above the Nearest
Drainage – a hydrologically relevant new terrain model, J.
Hydrol., 404, 13–29,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051, 2011.
Onda, Y., Tsujimura, M., Fujihara, J., and Ito, J.: Runoff generation
mechanisms in high-relief mountainous watersheds with different underlying
geology, J. Hydrol., 331, 659–673,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.06.009, 2006.
Padilla, C., Onda, Y., and Iida, T.: Interaction between runoff – bedrock
groundwater in a steep headwater catchment underlain by sedimentary bedrock
fractured by gravitational deformation, Hydrol. Process., 29,
4398–4412, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10498, 2015.
Payrastre, O., NAULIN, J. P., Nguyen, C. C., and Gaume, E.: Analyse
hydrologique des crues de juin 2010 dans le Var, IFSTTAR – Institut
Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de
l'Aménagement et des Réseaux, 33 pp., https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272025/file/doc00023875.pdf
(last access: 1 September 2021),
2012.
Pereira, S., Diakakis, M., Deligiannakis, G., and Zêzere, J. L.:
Comparing flood mortality in Portugal and Greece (Western and Eastern
Mediterranean), Int. J. Disast. Risk, 22,
147–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.03.007, 2017.
Pfister, L., Humbert, J., and Hoffmann, L.: Recent Trends in Rainfall-Runoff
Characteristics in the Alzette River Basin, Luxembourg, Climatic Change,
45, 323–337, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005567808533, 2000.
Pfister, L., Martínez-Carreras, N., Hissler, C., Klaus, J., Carrer, G.
E., Stewart, M. K., and McDonnell, J. J.: Bedrock geology controls on
catchment storage, mixing, and release: A comparative analysis of 16 nested
catchments, Hydrol. Process., 31, 1828–1845,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11134, 2017.
Pfister, L., Bastian, C., Faber O., Gölhausen, D., Hostache R., Iffly
J.F., Matgen P., Meisch C., Minette F., Patz, N., and Trebs, I.: La crue
éclair du 22 juillet 2016 dans la région de Larochette: Etude
mécanistique et fréquentielle, LIST, Luxembourg, 20 pp.,
https://gouvernement.lu/fr/publications.gouv_eau+fr+services-aux-citoyens+publications+2021+brochures+Crue-eclair-du-22-juillet-2016.html
(last access: 20 February 2021),
2018.
Pfister, L. Bastian, C., Douinot A., Gilbertz, C., Göhlhausen, D.,
Hostache R., Iffly J. F., Matgen P., Meisch C., Minette F., and Patz, N.:
Etude mécanistique et fréquentielle des crues subites de 2018 au
Luxembourg, LIST, technical report, Luxembourg, 24 pp., https://gouvernement.lu/fr/publications.gouv_eau+fr+services-aux-citoyens+publications+2021+brochures+Crues-subites-2018.html
(last access: 1 June 2021),
2020.
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Borga, M., Zoccatelli, D., Marchi, L., Gaume, E., and Ehret, U.: Extreme flood response to short-duration convective rainfall in South-West Germany, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1543–1559, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1543-2012, 2012.
Saber, M., and Yilmaz, K. K.: Evaluation and Bias Correction of
Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates for Modelling Flash Floods over the
Mediterranean region: Application to Karpuz River Basin, Turkey, Water,
10, 657, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050657, 2018.
Sato, Y., Kumagai, T., Kume, A., Otsuki, K., and Ogawa, S.: Experimental
analysis of moisture dynamics of litter layers – the effects of rainfall
conditions and leaf shapes, Hydrol. Process., 18, 3007–3018,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5746, 2004.
Scaini, A., Hissler, C., Fenicia, F., Juilleret, J., Iffly, J. F., Pfister,
L., and Beven, K.: Hillslope response to sprinkling and natural rainfall
using velocity and celerity estimates in a slate-bedrock catchment, J.
Hydrol., 558, 366–379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.011,
2018.
Sidle, R. C., Tsuboyama, Y., Noguchi, S., Hosoda, I., Fujieda, M., and
Shimizu, T.: Stormflow generation in steep forested headwaters: a linked
hydrogeomorphic paradigm, Hydrol. Process., 14, 369–385,
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000228)14:3<369::AID-HYP943>3.0.CO;2-P, 2000.
Sidle, R. C., Hirano, T., Gomi, T., and Terajima, T.: Hortonian overland
flow from Japanese forest plantations – an aberration, the real thing, or
something in between?, Hydrol. Process., 21, 3237–3247,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6876, 2007.
Slim, M., Perron, J. T., Martel, S. J., and Singha, K.: Topographic stress
and rock fracture: a two-dimensional numerical model for arbitrary
topography and preliminary comparison with borehole observations, Earth
Surf. Proc. Land., 40, 512–529,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3646, 2015.
Teschemacher, S., Rieger, W., and Disse, M.: Experimental Investigation of
Lateral Subsurface Flow Depending on Land Use and Soil Cultivation, Water,
11, 766, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040766, 2019.
Tramblay, Y., Bouvier, C., Martin, C., Didon-Lescot, J.-F., Todorovik, D.,
and Domergue, J.-M.: Assessment of initial soil moisture conditions for
event-based rainfall–runoff modelling, J. Hydrol., 387,
176–187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.006, 2010.
Van Campenhout, J., Hallot, E., Houbrechts, G., Peeters, A., Levecq, Y.,
Gérard, P., and Petit, F.: Flash floods and muddy floods in Wallonia:
recent temporal trends, spatial distribution and reconstruction of the
hydrosedimentological fluxes using flood marks and sediment deposits,
Belgeo, Revue Belge de Géographie, 1, 3,
https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.16409, 2015.
Vannier, O., Braud, I., and Anquetin, S.: Regional estimation of
catchment-scale soil properties by means of streamflow recession analysis
for use in distributed hydrological models, Hydrol. Process., 28, 6276–6291,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10101, 2013.
Westhoff, M. C., Bogaard, T. A., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Quantifying spatial and temporal discharge dynamics of an event in a first order stream, using distributed temperature sensing, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1945–1957, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1945-2011, 2011.
Wrede, S., Fenicia, F., Martínez-Carreras, N., Juilleret, J., Hissler,
C., Krein, A., Savenije, H. H. G., Uhlenbrook, S., Kavetski, D., and
Pfister, L.: Towards more systematic perceptual model development: a case
study using 3 Luxembourgish catchments, Hydrol. Process., 29,
2731–2750, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10393, 2015.
Zavala, L. M., González, F. A., and Jordán, A.: Intensity and
persistence of water repellency in relation to vegetation types and soil
parameters in Mediterranean SW Spain, Geoderma, 152, 361–374, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.07.011, 2009.
Short summary
The objective of the paper is to highlight the seasonal and singular shift of the transfer time distributions of two catchments (≅10 km2).
Based on 2 years of rainfall and discharge observations, we compare variations in the properties of TTDs with the physiographic characteristics of catchment areas and the eco-hydrological cycle. The paper eventually aims to deduce several factors conducive to particularly rapid and concentrated water transfers, which leads to flash floods.
The objective of the paper is to highlight the seasonal and singular shift of the transfer time...
