Articles | Volume 25, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2491-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2491-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 May 2021
Research article |
| 18 May 2021
| 18 May 2021
Spatio-temporal controls of C–N–P dynamics across headwater catchments of a temperate agricultural region from public data analysis
Stella Guillemot
UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35000 Rennes, France
Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, 37200 Tours, France
UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35000 Rennes, France
Chantal Gascuel-Odoux
UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35000 Rennes, France
Gérard Gruau
OSUR, Geosciences Rennes, CNRS, Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
Antoine Casquin
UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35000 Rennes, France
Florence Curie
Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, 37200 Tours, France
Camille Minaudo
EPFL, Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory, 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
Laurent Strohmenger
UMR SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35000 Rennes, France
Florentina Moatar
INRAE, RIVERLY, 69625 Villeurbanne, France
Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, 37200 Tours, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Giulia Bruno, Laurent Strohmenger, and Doris Duethmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 4473–4489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4473-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4473-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Decreases in streamflow during dry periods threaten ecosystems and society, and increases in evapotranspiration may contribute to them. From data for small catchments in Germany, summer low flows decreased over 1970–2019, and evapotranspiration increases significantly contributed to that. Lower-than-expected annual streamflow occurred during the 1989–1993 drought in catchments with increases in evapotranspiration. Changes in evapotranspiration need full consideration for streamflow prediction.
Guillaume Evin, Benoit Hingray, Guillaume Thirel, Agnès Ducharne, Laurent Strohmenger, Lola Corre, Yves Tramblay, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Jérémie Bonneau, François Colleoni, Joël Gailhard, Florence Habets, Frédéric Hendrickx, Louis Héraut, Peng Huang, Matthieu Le Lay, Claire Magand, Paola Marson, Céline Monteil, Simon Munier, Alix Reverdy, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Yoann Robin, Jean-Pierre Vergnes, Mathieu Vrac, and Eric Sauquet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2727, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Explore2 provides hydrological projections for 1,735 French catchments. Using QUALYPSO, this study assesses uncertainties, including internal variability. By the end of the century, low flows are projected to decline in southern France under high emissions, while other indicators remain uncertain. Emission scenarios and regional climate models are key uncertainty sources. Internal variability is often as large as climate-driven changes.
Camille Minaudo, Andras Abonyi, Carles Alcaraz, Jacob Diamond, Nicholas J. K. Howden, Michael Rode, Estela Romero, Vincent Thieu, Fred Worrall, Qian Zhang, and Xavier Benito
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3411–3430, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3411-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3411-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many waterbodies undergo nutrient decline, called oligotrophication, globally, but a comprehensive dataset to understand ecosystem responses is lacking. The OLIGOTREND database comprises multi-decadal chlorophyll a and nutrient time series from rivers, lakes, and estuaries with 4.3 million observations from 1894 unique measurement locations. The database provides empirical evidence for oligotrophication responses with a spatial and temporal coverage that exceeds previous efforts.
Nicolai Brekenfeld, Solenn Cotel, Mikael Faucheux, Colin Fourtet, Yannick Hamon, Patrice Petitjean, Arnaud Blanchouin, Celine Bouillis, Marie-Claire Pierret, Hocine Henine, Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann, Sophie Guillon, Paul Floury, and Ophelie Fovet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 2615–2631, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2615-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2615-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In the last decade, the development of on-site field laboratories to measure water chemistry at sub-hourly measurement intervals has drastically advanced, while there is no literature that provides detailed technical, organisational and operational guidelines in running such equipment. Based on our experiences of running three French field laboratories over 7 years, we share the main stages in the deployment of this tool in the field, the difficulties encountered and the proposed solutions.
Eric Sauquet, Guillaume Evin, Sonia Siauve, Ryma Aissat, Patrick Arnaud, Maud Bérel, Jérémie Bonneau, Flora Branger, Yvan Caballero, François Colléoni, Agnès Ducharne, Joël Gailhard, Florence Habets, Frédéric Hendrickx, Louis Héraut, Benoît Hingray, Peng Huang, Tristan Jaouen, Alexis Jeantet, Sandra Lanini, Matthieu Le Lay, Claire Magand, Louise Mimeau, Céline Monteil, Simon Munier, Charles Perrin, Olivier Robelin, Fabienne Rousset, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Laurent Strohmenger, Guillaume Thirel, Flore Tocquer, Yves Tramblay, Jean-Pierre Vergnes, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1788, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
The Explore2 project has provided an unprecedented set of hydrological projections in terms of the number of hydrological models used and the spatial and temporal resolution. The results have been made available through various media. Under the high-emission scenario, the hydrological models mostly agree on the decrease in seasonal flows in the south of France, confirming its hotspot status, and on the decrease in summer flows throughout France, with the exception of the northern part of France.
Yves Tramblay, Guillaume Thirel, Laurent Strohmenger, Guillaume Evin, Lola Corre, Louis Heraut, and Eric Sauquet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1635, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1635, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
How climate change impacts floods in France? Using simulations for 3000 rivers in climate projections, results show that flood trends vary depending on the region. In the north, floods may become more severe, but in many other areas, the trends are mixed. Floods from intense rainfall are becoming more frequent, while snowmelt floods are strongly decreasing. Overall, the study shows that understanding what causes floods is key to predicting how they are likely to change with the climate.
An Truong Nguyen, Gwenaël Abril, Jacob S. Diamond, Raphaël Lamouroux, Cécile Martinet, and Florentina Moatar
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1478, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1478, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This 32-year study of France’s Loire River shows cleaner water reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 62 %, despite increased contributions from aquatic plant activity. Seasonal emissions were higher in autumn than spring, while long-term declines were driven by reduced external carbon inputs from groundwater and soils. Results highlight how ecosystem changes influence rivers' role in global carbon cycles and climate management.
Jordy Salmon-Monviola, Ophélie Fovet, and Markus Hrachowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 127–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-127-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-127-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To increase the predictive power of hydrological models, it is necessary to improve their consistency, i.e. their physical realism, which is measured by the ability of the model to reproduce observed system dynamics. Using a model to represent the dynamics of water and nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in an agricultural catchment, we showed that using solute-concentration data for calibration is useful to improve the hydrological consistency of the model.
Nicolai Brekenfeld, Solenn Cotel, Mikaël Faucheux, Paul Floury, Colin Fourtet, Jérôme Gaillardet, Sophie Guillon, Yannick Hamon, Hocine Henine, Patrice Petitjean, Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann, Marie-Claire Pierret, and Ophélie Fovet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4309–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4309-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4309-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The proposed methodology consists of simultaneously analysing the concentration variation of solute pairs during a storm event by plotting the concentration variation of one solute against the variation of another solute. This can reveal whether two or more end-members contribute to streamflow during a storm event. Furthermore, the variation of the solute ratios during the events can indicate which catchment processes are dominant and which are negligible.
Laurent Strohmenger, Eric Sauquet, Claire Bernard, Jérémie Bonneau, Flora Branger, Amélie Bresson, Pierre Brigode, Rémy Buzier, Olivier Delaigue, Alexandre Devers, Guillaume Evin, Maïté Fournier, Shu-Chen Hsu, Sandra Lanini, Alban de Lavenne, Thibault Lemaitre-Basset, Claire Magand, Guilherme Mendoza Guimarães, Max Mentha, Simon Munier, Charles Perrin, Tristan Podechard, Léo Rouchy, Malak Sadki, Myriam Soutif-Bellenger, François Tilmant, Yves Tramblay, Anne-Lise Véron, Jean-Philippe Vidal, and Guillaume Thirel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3375–3391, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of a large visual inspection campaign of 674 streamflow time series in France. The objective was to detect non-natural records resulting from instrument failure or anthropogenic influences, such as hydroelectric power generation or reservoir management. We conclude that the identification of flaws in flow time series is highly dependent on the objectives and skills of individual evaluators, and we raise the need for better practices for data cleaning.
Hanieh Seyedhashemi, Florentina Moatar, Jean-Philippe Vidal, and Dominique Thiéry
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2827–2839, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a past and future dataset of daily time series of discharge and stream temperature for 52 278 reaches over the Loire River basin (100 000 km2) in France, using thermal and hydrological models. Past data are provided over 1963–2019. Future data are available over the 1976–2100 period under different future climate change models (warm and wet, intermediate, and hot and dry) and scenarios (optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic).
Baibaswata Bhaduri, Ophelie Fovet, Sekhar Muddu, and Laurent Ruiz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-112, 2023
Publication in HESS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Lumped conceptual groundwater transit time models are widely used for their computational simplicity. But their parameters being empirical, these models are often criticized for their calibration reliance. This study mathematically links lumped conceptual parameters to measurable hydrodynamic properties of a groundwater catchment. This kind of direct parameterization gives lumped models a forward modelling potential, and also improves the choice of parameter constraints in calibration exercises.
Artur Safin, Damien Bouffard, Firat Ozdemir, Cintia L. Ramón, James Runnalls, Fotis Georgatos, Camille Minaudo, and Jonas Šukys
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7715–7730, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reconciling the differences between numerical model predictions and observational data is always a challenge. In this paper, we investigate the viability of a novel approach to the calibration of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Lake Geneva, where the target parameters are inferred in terms of distributions. We employ a filtering technique that generates physically consistent model trajectories and implement a neural network to enable bulk-to-skin temperature conversion.
Aurélien Beaufort, Jacob S. Diamond, Eric Sauquet, and Florentina Moatar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3477–3495, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3477-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3477-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed one of the largest stream temperature databases to calculate a simple, ecologically relevant metric – the thermal peak – that captures the magnitude of summer thermal extremes. Using statistical models, we extrapolated the thermal peak to nearly every stream in France, finding the hottest thermal peaks along large rivers without forested riparian zones and groundwater inputs. Air temperature was a poor proxy for the thermal peak, highlighting the need to grow monitoring networks.
Hanieh Seyedhashemi, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Jacob S. Diamond, Dominique Thiéry, Céline Monteil, Frédéric Hendrickx, Anthony Maire, and Florentina Moatar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2583–2603, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Stream temperature appears to be increasing globally, but its rate remains poorly constrained due to a paucity of long-term data. Using a thermal model, this study provides a large-scale understanding of the evolution of stream temperature over a long period (1963–2019). This research highlights that air temperature and streamflow can exert joint influence on stream temperature trends, and riparian shading in small mountainous streams may mitigate warming in stream temperatures.
Nataline Simon, Olivier Bour, Mikaël Faucheux, Nicolas Lavenant, Hugo Le Lay, Ophélie Fovet, Zahra Thomas, and Laurent Longuevergne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1459–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1459-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1459-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater discharge into streams plays a major role in the preservation of stream ecosystems. There were two complementary methods, both based on the use of the distributed temperature sensing technology, applied in a headwater catchment. Measurements allowed us to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater discharge and quantify groundwater inflows into the stream, opening very promising perspectives for a novel characterization of the groundwater–stream interface.
Danlu Guo, Camille Minaudo, Anna Lintern, Ulrike Bende-Michl, Shuci Liu, Kefeng Zhang, and Clément Duvert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of baseflow contribution on concentration–flow (C–Q) relationships across the Australian continent. We developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical model for six water quality variables across 157 catchments that span five climate zones. For sediments and nutrients, the C–Q slope is generally steeper for catchments with a higher median and a greater variability of baseflow contribution, highlighting the key role of variable flow pathways in particulate and solute export.
Justine Louis, Anniet M. Laverman, Emilie Jardé, Alexandrine Pannard, Marine Liotaud, Françoise Andrieux-Loyer, Gérard Gruau, Florian Caradec, Emilie Rabiller, Nathalie Lebris, and Laurent Jeanneau
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-318, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-318, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This work has described the variability in sedimentary organic matter composition through a broad sampling campaign of marine mudflats at the regional scale (Brittany Region), and made the link with sediment potential biodegradability and nutrient release. In these coastal ecosystems affected by the eutrophication, the potential impact of human activities on the nutrient dynamics at the sediment-water interface was highlighted.
Cited articles
Abbott, B. W., Gruau, G., Zarnetske, J. P., Moatar, F., Barbe, L., Thomas,
Z., Fovet, O., Kolbe, T., Gu, S., Pierson-Wickmann, A.-C., Davy, P., and
Pinay, G.: Unexpected spatial stability of water chemistry in headwater
stream networks, Ecol. Lett., 21, 296–308,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12897, 2018a.
Abbott, B. W., Moatar, F., Gauthier, O., Fovet, O., Antoine, V., and
Ragueneau, O.: Trends and seasonality of river nutrients in agricultural
catchments: 18 years of weekly citizen science in France, Sci. Total
Environ., 624, 845–858,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.176, 2018b.
Ågren, A., Buffam, I., Jansson, M., and Laudon, H.: Importance of
seasonality and small streams for the landscape regulation of dissolved
organic carbon export, J. Geophys. Res-Biogeo., 112, G03003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000381, 2007.
Alexander, R. B., Boyer, E. W., Smith, R. A., Schwarz, G. E., and Moore, R.
B.: The Role of Headwater Streams in Downstream Water Quality, J. Am. Water
Resour. Assoc., 43, 41–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00005.x,
2007.
Andersson, J.-O. and Nyberg, L.: Spatial variation of wetlands and flux of
dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams, Hydrol. Process., 22,
1965–1975, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6779, 2008.
Aubert, A. H., Gascuel-Odoux, C., Gruau, G., Akkal, N., Faucheux, M., Fauvel, Y., Grimaldi, C., Hamon, Y., Jaffrézic, A., Lecoz-Boutnik, M., Molénat, J., Petitjean, P., Ruiz, L., and Merot, P.: Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1379–1391, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1379-2013, 2013.
Barnes, R. T. and Raymond, P. A.: Land-use controls on sources and
processing of nitrate in small watersheds: insights from dual isotopic
analysis, Ecol. Appl., 20, 1961–1978,
https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1328.1, 2010.
Basu, N. B., Destouni, G., Jawitz, J. W., Thompson, S. E., Loukinova, N. V.,
Darracq, A., Zanardo, S., Yaeger, M., Sivapalan, M., Rinaldo, A., and Rao,
P. S. C.: Nutrient loads exported from managed catchments reveal emergent
biogeochemical stationarity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23404,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045168, 2010.
Basu, N. B., Thompson, S. E., and Rao, P. S. C.: Hydrologic and
biogeochemical functioning of intensively managed catchments: A synthesis of
top-down analyses, Water Resour. Res., 47, W00J15,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010800, 2011.
Bishop, K., Buffam, I., Erlandsson, M., Fölster, J., Laudon, H.,
Seibert, J., and Temnerud, J.: Aqua Incognita: the unknown headwaters,
Hydrol. Process., 22, 1239–1242,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7049, 2008.
Bol, R., Gruau, G., Mellander, P.-E., Dupas, R., Bechmann, M., Skarbøvik,
E., Bieroza, M., Djodjic, F., Glendell, M., Jordan, P., Van der Grift, B.,
Rode, M., Smolders, E., Verbeeck, M., Gu, S., Klumpp, E., Pohle, I., Fresne,
M., and Gascuel-Odoux, C.: Challenges of reducing phosphorus based water
eutrophication in the agricultural landscapes of northwest Europe, Front.
Mar. Sci., 5, 276, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00276, 2018.
Bowes, M. J., Smith, J. T., Neal, C., Leach, D. V., Scarlett, P. M.,
Wickham, H. D., Harman, S. A., Armstrong, L. K., Davy-Bowker, J., Haft, M.,
and Davies, C. E.: Changes in water quality of the River Frome (UK) from
1965 to 2009: Is phosphorus mitigation finally working?, Sci. Total
Environ., 409, 3418–3430,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.049, 2011.
Bowes, M. J., Jarvie, H. P., Halliday, S. J., Skeffington, R. A., Wade, A.
J., Loewenthal, M., Gozzard, E., Newman, J. R., and Palmer-Felgate, E. J.:
Characterising phosphorus and nitrate inputs to a rural river using
high-frequency concentration–flow relationships, Sci. Total Environ., 511,
608–620, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.086, 2015.
Brooks, P. D., McKnight, D. M., and Bencala, K. E.: The relationship between
soil heterotrophic activity, soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachate,
and catchment-scale DOC export in headwater catchments, Water Resour. Res.,
35, 1895–1902, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900125, 1999.
Chambres d'agriculture de Bretagne: ABC The Agrifood industry in Brittany: Clear and Comprehensive – The 2016 figures edition, available at: http://www.chambres-agriculture-bretagne.com/figures2016 (last access: 28 April 2021), 2016.
Colmar, A., Walter, C., Le Bissonnais, Y., and Daroussin, J.: Démarche
de validation régionale par avis d'experts du modèle MESALES
d'estimation de l'aléa érosif, Etude et Gestion des Sols, 17, 19–32,
2010.
Cooper, R. J., Rawlins, B. G., Krueger, T., Lézé, B., Hiscock, K.
M., and Pedentchouk, N.: Contrasting controls on the phosphorus
concentration of suspended particulate matter under baseflow and storm event
conditions in agricultural headwater streams, Sci. Total Environ., 533,
49–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.113, 2015.
Cosgrove, W. J. and Loucks, D. P.: Water management: Current and future
challenges and research directions, Water Resour. Res., 51, 4823–4839,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016869, 2015.
Creed, I. F., Beall, F. D., Clair, T. A., Dillon, P. J., and Hesslein, R.
H.: Predicting export of dissolved organic carbon from forested catchments
in glaciated landscapes with shallow soils, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4024,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003294, 2008.
Davidson, E. A., Janssens, I. A., and Luo, Y.: On the variability of
respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: moving beyond Q10, Global Change
Biology, 12, 154–164,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01065.x, 2006.
Dawson, J. J. C., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Hrachowitz, M., Dunn, S. M.,
and Malcolm, I. A.: Influence of hydrology and seasonality on DOC exports
from three contrasting upland catchments, Biogeochemistry, 90, 93–113,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9234-3, 2008.
Delmas, M., Saby, N., Arrouays, D., Dupas, R., Lemercier, B., Pellerin, S.,
and Gascuel-Odoux, C.: Explaining and mapping total phosphorus content in
French topsoils, Soil Use Manage., 31, 259–269,
https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12192, 2015.
Dodds, W. K. and Smith, V. H.: Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in
streams, Inland Waters, 6, 155–164, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-6.2.909,
2016.
Duan, S., Kaushal, S. S., Groffman, P. M., Band, L. E., and Belt, K. T.:
Phosphorus export across an urban to rural gradient in the Chesapeake Bay
watershed, J. Geophys. Res-Biogeo., 117, G01025,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001782, 2012.
Duncan, J. M., Band, L. E., Groffman, P. M., and Bernhardt, E. S.:
Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export:
Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls, Water Resour. Res., 51,
3982–3997, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR016937, 2015.
Dupas, R., Delmas, M., Dorioz, J.-M., Garnier, J., Moatar, F., and
Gascuel-Odoux, C.: Assessing the impact of agricultural pressures on N and P
loads and eutrophication risk, Ecol. Indic., 48, 396–407,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.007, 2015a.
Dupas, R., Gruau, G., Gu, S., Humbert, G., Jaffrézic, A., and
Gascuel-Odoux, C.: Groundwater control of biogeochemical processes causing
phosphorus release from riparian wetlands, Water Res., 84, 307–314,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.048, 2015b.
Dupas, R., Musolff, A., Jawitz, J. W., Rao, P. S. C., Jäger, C. G., Fleckenstein, J. H., Rode, M., and Borchardt, D.: Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches, Biogeosciences, 14, 4391–4407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4391-2017, 2017.
Dupas, R., Minaudo, C., Gruau, G., Ruiz, L., and Gascuel-Odoux, C.:
Multidecadal Trajectory of Riverine Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dynamics in
Rural Catchments, Water Resour. Res., 54, 5327–5340,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022905, 2018.
Edwards, A. C., Cook, Y., Smart, R., and Wade, A. J.: Concentrations of
nitrogen and phosphorus in streams draining the mixed land-use Dee
Catchment, north-east Scotland, J. Appl. Ecol., 37, 159–170,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00500.x, 2000.
Evans, C. D., Reynolds, B., Jenkins, A., Helliwell, R. C., Curtis, C. J.,
Goodale, C. L., Ferrier, R. C., Emmett, B. A., Pilkington, M. G., Caporn, S.
J. M., Carroll, J. A., Norris, D., Davies, J., and Coull, M. C.: Evidence
that Soil Carbon Pool Determines Susceptibility of Semi-Natural Ecosystems
to Elevated Nitrogen Leaching, Ecosystems, 9, 453–462,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-0051-z, 2006.
Exner-Kittridge, M., Strauss, P., Blöschl, G., Eder, A., Saracevic, E.,
and Zessner, M.: The seasonal dynamics of the stream sources and input flow
paths of water and nitrogen of an Austrian headwater agricultural catchment,
Sci. Total Environ., 542, 935–945,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.151, 2016.
FAO and WWC: Towards a water and food secure future: Critical perspectives
for policy-makers, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO) and the World Water Council (WWC) in support to the High Level Panel
on Water for Food Security, Seventh World Water Forum in Daegu, South Korea,
White paper, available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4560e.pdf (last access: 28 April 2021), 76 pp., 2015.
Fasching, C., Ulseth, A. J., Schelker, J., Steniczka, G., and Battin, T. J.:
Hydrology controls dissolved organic matter export and composition in an
Alpine stream and its hyporheic zone, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 558–571,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10232, 2016.
Fasching, C., Wilson, H. F., D'Amario, S. C., and Xenopoulos, M. A.: Natural
Land Cover in Agricultural Catchments Alters Flood Effects on DOM
Composition and Decreases Nutrient Levels in Streams, Ecosystems, 22,
1530–1545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00354-0, 2019.
Findlay, S. E.: Increased carbon transport in the Hudson River: unexpected
consequence of nitrogen deposition?, Front. Ecol. Environ., 3, 133–137,
https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0133:ICTITH]2.0.CO;2, 2005.
Gardner, K. K. and McGlynn, B. L.: Seasonality in spatial variability and
influence of land use/land cover and watershed characteristics on stream
water nitrate concentrations in a developing watershed in the Rocky Mountain
West: Human impacts on spatial N patterns, Water Resour. Res., 45, W08411,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007029, 2009.
Goodale, C. L., Aber, J. D., Vitousek, P. M., and McDowell, W. H.: Long-term
decreases in stream nitrate: successional causes unlikely; possible links to
DOC?, Ecosystems, 8, 334–337,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0162-8, 2005.
Graeber, D., Gelbrecht, J., Pusch, M. T., Anlanger, C., and von Schiller,
D.: Agriculture has changed the amount and composition of dissolved organic
matter in Central European headwater streams, Sci. Total Environ., 438,
435–446, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.087, 2012.
Griffiths, N. A., Tank, J. L., Royer, T. V., Warrner, T. J., Frauendorf, T.
C., Rosi-Marshall, E. J., and Whiles, M. R.: Temporal variation in organic
carbon spiraling in Midwestern agricultural streams, Biogeochemistry, 108,
149–169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9585-z, 2011.
Grizzetti, B., Bouraoui, F., de Marsily, G., and Bidoglio, G.: A statistical
method for source apportionment of riverine nitrogen loads, J. Hydrol., 304,
302–315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.07.036, 2005.
Grolemund, G. and Wickham, H.: Dates and Times Made Easy with lubridate,
J. Stat. Softw., 40, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v040.i03, 2011.
Gu, S., Gruau, G., Dupas, R., Rumpel, C., Crème, A., Fovet, O.,
Gascuel-Odoux, C., Jeanneau, L., Humbert, G., and Petitjean, P.: Release of
dissolved phosphorus from riparian wetlands: Evidence for complex
interactions among hydroclimate variability, topography and soil properties,
Sci. Total Environ., 598, 421–431,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.028, 2017.
Gu, S., Gruau, G., Dupas, R., Petitjean, P., Li, Q., and Pinay, G.:
Respective roles of Fe-oxyhydroxide dissolution, pH changes and sediment
inputs in dissolved phosphorus release from wetland soils under anoxic
conditions, Geoderma, 338, 365–374,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.034, 2019.
Gücker, B., Silva, R. C. S., Graeber, D., Monteiro, J. A. F., and
Boëchat, I. G.: Urbanization and agriculture increase exports and
differentially alter elemental stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter
(DOM) from tropical catchments, Sci. Total Environ., 550, 785–792,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.158, 2016.
Halliday, S. J., Wade, A. J., Skeffington, R. A., Neal, C., Reynolds, B.,
Rowland, P., Neal, M., and Norris, D.: An analysis of long-term trends,
seasonality and short-term dynamics in water quality data from Plynlimon,
Wales, Sci. Total Environ., 434, 186–200,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.052, 2012.
Hedin, L. O., von Fischer, J. C., Ostrom, N. E., Kennedy, B. P., Brown, M.
G., and Robertson, G. P.: Thermodynamic Constraints on Nitrogen
Transformations and Other Biogeochemical Processes at Soil-Stream
Interfaces, Ecology, 79, 684–703, https://doi.org/10.2307/176963, 1998.
Hénault, C. and Germon, J. C.: NEMIS, a predictive model of
denitrification on the field scale, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 51,
257–270, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00314.x,
2000.
Heppell, C. M., Binley, A., Trimmer, M., Darch, T., Jones, A., Malone, E., Collins, A. L., Johnes, P. J., Freer, J. E., and Lloyd, C. E. M.: Hydrological controls on DOC : nitrate resource stoichiometry in a lowland, agricultural catchment, southern UK, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4785–4802, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4785-2017, 2017.
Hill, A. R., Devito, K. J., Campagnolo, S., and Sanmugadas, K.: Subsurface
denitrification in a forest riparianzone: Interactions between hydrology and
supplies ofnitrate and organic carbon, Biogeochemistry, 51, 193–223,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006476514038, 2000.
Humbert, G., Jaffrézic, A., Fovet, O., Gruau, G., and Durand, P.:
Dry-season length and runoff control annual variability in stream DOC
dynamics in a small, shallowgroundwater-dominated agricultural watershed,
Water Resour. Res., 51, 7860–7877,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017336, 2015.
Hytteborn, J. K., Temnerud, J., Alexander, R. B., Boyer, E. W., Futter, M.
N., Fröberg, M., Dahné, J., and Bishop, K. H.: Patterns and
predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the
boreal and hemiboreal landscape, Sci. Total Environ., 520, 260–269,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041, 2015.
Kaushal, S. S., Gold, A. J., Bernal, S., Johnson, T. A. N., Addy, K.,
Burgin, A., Burns, D. A., Coble, A. A., Hood, E., Lu, Y., Mayer, P., Minor,
E. C., Schroth, A. W., Vidon, P., Wilson, H., Xenopoulos, M. A., Doody, T.,
Galella, J. G., Goodling, P., Haviland, K., Haq, S., Wessel, B., Wood, K.
L., Jaworski, N., and Belt, K. T.: Watershed “chemical cocktails”: forming
novel elemental combinations in Anthropocene fresh waters, Biogeochemistry,
141, 281–305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0502-6, 2018.
Lambert, T., Pierson-Wickmann, A.-C., Gruau, G., Jaffrezic, A., Petitjean,
P., Thibault, J.-N., and Jeanneau, L.: Hydrologically driven seasonal
changes in the sources and production mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon
in a small lowland catchment, Water Resour. Res., 49, 5792–5803,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20466, 2013.
Le, S., Josse, J., and Husson, F.: FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate
Analysis, J. Stat. Softw., 25, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01, 2008.
Lemercier, B., Gaudin, L., Walter, C., Aurousseau, P., Arrouays, D.,
Schvartz, C., Saby, N. P. A., Follain, S., and Abrassart, J.: Soil
phosphorus monitoring at the regional level by means of a soil test
database, Soil Use Manage., 24, 131–138,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2008.00146.x, 2008.
Le Moal, M., Gascuel-Odoux, C., Ménesguen, A., Souchon, Y.,
Étrillard, C., Levain, A., Moatar, F., Pannard, A., Souchu, P.,
Lefebvre, A., and Pinay, G.: Eutrophication: A new wine in an old bottle?,
Sci. Total Environ., 651, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.139, 2019.
Lintern, A., Webb, J. A., Ryu, D., Liu, S., Bende-Michl, U., Waters, D.,
Leahy, P., Wilson, P., and Western, A. W.: Key factors influencing
differences in stream water quality across space, Wiley Interdisciplinary
Reviews: Water, 5, e1260, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1260,
2018.
Liu, W., Xu, X., McGoff, N. M., Eaton, J. M., Leahy, P., Foley, N., and
Kiely, G.: Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
Concentrations in Irish Streams: Importance of Soil and Topography
Characteristics, Environmental Management, 53, 959–967,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0259-1, 2014.
Luo, Y. and Zhou, X.: Controlling Factors, in: Soil Respiration
and the Environment, chap. 5, edited by: Luo, Y. and Zhou, X., Academic Press,
Burlington, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088782-8/50005-X,
2006.
Lyne, V. and Hollick, M.: Stochastic time-variable rainfall-runoff modelling. In Proceedings of the Institute of Engineers Australia National Conference, January 1979, Perth Australia, 89–93, 1979.
Mardhel, V. and Gravier, A.: Carte de vulnérabilité intrinsèque
simplifiée des eaux souterraines du Bassin Seine-Normandie, BRGM, Orléans, France, Report
BRGM/RP54148-FR, 92 pp., 2004.
Martin, C., Aquilina, L., Gascuel-Odoux, C., Molénat, J., Faucheux, M.,
and Ruiz, L.: Seasonal and interannual variations of nitrate and chloride in
stream waters related to spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater
concentrations in agricultural catchments, Hydrol. Process., 18, 1237–1254,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1395, 2004.
Martin, C., Molénat, J., Gascuel-Odoux, C., Vouillamoz, J. M., Robain,
H., Ruiz, L., Faucheux, M., and Aquilina, L.: Modelling the effect of
physical and chemical characteristics of shallow aquifers on water and
nitrate transport in small agricultural catchments, J. Hydrol., 326, 25-42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.10.040, 2006.
Melland, A. R., Mellander, P. E., Murphy, P. N. C., Wall, D. P., Mechan, S.,
Shine, O., Shortle, G., and Jordan, P.: Stream water quality in intensive
cereal cropping catchments with regulated nutrient management, Environ. Sci.
Policy, 24, 58–70,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.006, 2012.
Mengistu, S. G., Creed, I. F., Webster, K. L., Enanga, E., and Beall, F. D.:
Searching for similarity in topographic controls on carbon, nitrogen and
phopsphorus export from forest headwater catchments, Hydrol. Process., 28,
3201–3216, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9862, 2014.
Merot, P., Squividant, H., Aurousseau, P., Hefting, M., Burt, T., Maitre,
V., Kruk, M., Butturini, A., Thenail, C., and Viaud, V.: Testing a
climato-topographic index for predicting wetlands distribution along an
European climate gradient, Ecol. Model., 163, 51–71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00387-3, 2003.
Minaudo, C., Meybeck, M., Moatar, F., Gassama, N., and Curie, F.: Eutrophication mitigation in rivers: 30 years of trends in spatial and seasonal patterns of biogeochemistry of the Loire River (1980–2012), Biogeosciences, 12, 2549–2563, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2549-2015, 2015.
Minaudo, C., Dupas, R., Gascuel-Odoux, C., Roubeix, V., Danis, P.-A., and
Moatar, F.: Seasonal and event-based concentration-discharge relationships
to identify catchment controls on nutrient export regimes, Adv. Water
Resour., 131, 103379,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103379, 2019.
Moatar, F. and Meybeck, M.: Riverine fluxes of pollutants: Towards
predictions of uncertainties by flux duration indicators, C. R. Geosci., 339,
367–382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2007.05.001, 2007.
Moatar, F., Meybeck, M., Raymond, S., Birgand, F., and Curie, F.: River flux uncertainties predicted by hydrological variability and riverine material behaviour, Hydrol. Process., 27, 3535–3546, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9464, 2013.
Moatar, F., Abbott, B. W., Minaudo, C., Curie, F., and Pinay, G.: Elemental
properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration-discharge
curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment, and major ions, Water Resour.
Res., 53, 1270–1287, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019635,
2017.
Moatar, F., Floury, M., Gold, A. J., Meybeck, M., Renard, B., Ferréol,
M., Chandesris, A., Minaudo, C., Addy, K., Piffady, J., and Pinay, G.:
Stream Solutes and Particulates Export Regimes: A New Framework to Optimize
Their Monitoring, Front. Ecol. Evol., 7, 516, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00516,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00516, 2020.
Mulholland, P. J. and Hill, W. R.: Seasonal patterns in streamwater nutrient
and dissolved organic carbon concentrations: Separating catchment flow path
and in-stream effects, Water Resour. Res., 33, 1297–1306,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR00490, 1997.
Musolff, A., Selle, B., Büttner, O., Opitz, M., and Tittel, J.:
Unexpected release of phosphate and organic carbon to streams linked to
declining nitrogen depositions, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1891–1901,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13498, 2017.
Musolff, A., Fleckenstein, J. H., Opitz, M., Büttner, O., Kumar, R., and
Tittel, J.: Spatio-temporal controls of dissolved organic carbon stream
water concentrations, J. Hydrol., 566, 205–215,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.09.011, 2018.
Mutema, M., Chaplot, V., Jewitt, G., Chivenge, P., and Blöschl, G.:
Annual water, sediment, nutrient, and organic carbon fluxes in river basins:
A global meta-analysis as a function of scale, Water Resour. Res., 51,
8949–8972, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016668, 2015.
Onderka, M., Wrede, S., Rodný, M., Pfister, L., Hoffmann, L., and Krein,
A.: Hydrogeologic and landscape controls of dissolved inorganic nitrogen
(DIN) and dissolved silica (DSi) fluxes in heterogeneous catchments, J.
Hydrol., 450–451, 36–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.035, 2012.
Perrin, C., Michel, C., and Andréassian, V.: Improvement of a
parsimonious model for streamflow simulation, J. Hydrol., 279, 275–289,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00225-7, 2003.
Plont, S., O'Donnell, B. M., Gallagher, M. T., and Hotchkiss, E. R.: Linking
carbon and nitrogen spiraling in streams, Freshw. Sci., 39, 126–136,
https://doi.org/10.1086/707810, 2020.
Poisvert, C., Curie, F., and Moatar, F.: Annual agricultural N surplus in
France over a 70-year period, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 107, 63–78,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9814-x, 2017.
Pregitzer, K. S., Zak, D. R., Burton, A. J., Ashby, J. A., and MacDonald, N.
W.: Chronic nitrate additions dramatically increase the export of carbon and
nitrogen from northern hardwood ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 68, 179–197,
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000025737.29546.fd, 2004.
Preston, S. D., Alexander, R. B., Schwarz, G. E., and Crawford, C. G.:
Factors affecting stream nutrient loads: a synthesis of regional SPARROW
model results for the continental United States, J. Am. Water Resour. As.,
47, 891–915, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00577.x,
2011.
Raymond, S., Moatar, F., Meybeck, M., and Bustillo, V.: Choosing methods for
estimating dissolved and particulate riverine fluxes from monthly sampling,
Hydrolog. Sci. J., 58, 1326–1339,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.814915, 2013.
Saby, N. P. A., Lemercier, B., Arrouays, D., Leménager, S., Louis, B.
P., Millet, F., Schellenberger, E., Squividant, H., Swiderski, C., Toutain,
B. F. P., Walter, C., and Bardy, M.: Le programme Base de Données des
Analyses de Terre (BDAT) : Bilan de 20 ans de collecte de résultats
d'analyses, Etude et Gestion des Sols, 21, 141–150, 2015.
Sandström, S., Futter, M. N., Kyllmar, K., Bishop, K., O'Connell, D. W.,
and Djodjic, F.: Particulate phosphorus and suspended solids losses from
small agricultural catchments: Links to stream and catchment
characteristics, Sci. Total Environ., 711, 134616,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134616, 2020.
Sharpley, A. N., Chapra, S. C., Wedepohl, R., Sims, J. T., Daniel, T. C.,
and Reddy, K. R.: Managing Agricultural Phosphorus for Protection of Surface
Waters: Issues and Options, J. Environ. Qual., 23, 437–451,
https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030006x, 1994.
Sobota, D. J., Harrison, J. A., and Dahlgren, R. A.: Linking dissolved and
particulate phosphorus export in rivers draining California's Central Valley
with anthropogenic sources at the regional scale, J. Environ. Qual., 40,
1290–1302, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0010, 2011.
SoeS: NOPOLU-Agri. Outil de spatialisation des pressions de l'agriculture.
Méthodologie et résultats pour les surplus d'azote et les
émissions des gaz à effet de serre. Campagne 2010–2011, Ministere
du Developpement durable et de l'Energie, Paris, France, 2013.
Taylor, P. G. and Townsend, A. R.: Stoichiometric control of organic
carbon-nitrate relationships from soils to the sea, Nature, 464, 1178–1181,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08985, 2010.
Temnerud, J. and Bishop, K.: Spatial Variation of Streamwater Chemistry in
Two Swedish Boreal Catchments: Implications for Environmental Assessment,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1463–1469,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es040045q, 2005.
Thomas, O., Jung, A. V., Causse, J., Louyer, M. V., Piel, S., Baurès,
E., and Thomas, M. F.: Revealing organic carbon–nitrate linear relationship
from UV spectra of freshwaters in agricultural environment, Chemosphere,
107, 115–120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.034, 2014.
Thompson, S. E., Basu, N. B., Lascurain Jr., J., Aubeneau, A., and Rao, P.
S. C.: Relative dominance of hydrologic versus biogeochemical factors on
solute export across impact gradients, Water Resour. Res., 47, W00J05,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009605, 2011.
UNESCO, LIWQ.: International Initiative on Water Quality: promoting
scientific research, knowledge sharing, effective technology and policy
approaches to improve water quality for sustainable development – UNESCO
Bibliothèque Numérique, available at:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000243651 (last access: 28 April 2021), 23 pp., 2015.
Van Meter, K. J., Chowdhury, S., Byrnes, D. K., and Basu, N. B.:
Biogeochemical asynchrony: Ecosystem drivers of seasonal concentration
regimes across the Great Lakes Basin, Limnol. Oceanogr., 9999,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11353, 2019.
Weigand, S., Bol, R., Reichert, B., Graf, A., Wiekenkamp, I., Stockinger,
M., Luecke, A., Tappe, W., Bogena, H., Puetz, T., Amelung, W., and
Vereecken, H.: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Dissolved Organic Carbon and
Nitrate in Waters of a Forested Catchment Using Wavelet Analysis, Vadose
Zone J., 16, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.09.0077, 2017.
Westphal, K., Musolff, A., Graeber, D., and Borchardt, D.: Controls of point
and diffuse sources lowered riverine nutrient concentrations asynchronously,
thereby warping molar N : P ratios, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 104009,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab98b6, 2020.
Whitehead, P. G., Wilby, R. L., Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M., and Wade, A.
J.: A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water
quality, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 54, 101–123,
https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.1.101, 2009.
Wickham, H.: The Split-Apply-Combine Strategy for Data Analysis, J. Stat.
Softw., 40, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v040.i01, 2011.
Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer, Houston, Texas, USA, 2016.
Wood, S. N.: Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R, Second
Edition, Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2017.
Zambrano-Bigiarini, M.: hydroGOF: Goodness-of-fit functions for comparison
of simulated and observed hydrological time series, R package version
0.4-0, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839854, 2020.
Zarnetske, J. P., Bouda, M., Abbott, B. W., Saiers, J., and Raymond, P. A.:
Generality of Hydrologic Transport Limitation of Watershed Organic Carbon
Flux Across Ecoregions of the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
45, 11702–711711, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080005, 2018.
Short summary
This study investigates the drivers of spatial variations in stream water quality in poorly studied headwater catchments and includes multiple elements involved in major water quality issues, such as eutrophication. We used a regional public dataset of monthly stream water concentrations monitored for 10 years over 185 agricultural catchments. We found a spatial and seasonal opposition between carbon and nitrogen concentrations, while phosphorus concentrations showed another spatial pattern.
This study investigates the drivers of spatial variations in stream water quality in poorly...
