Articles | Volume 25, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2133-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2133-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 20 Apr 2021
| 20 Apr 2021
How catchment characteristics influence hydrological pathways and travel times in a boreal landscape
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
DHI Sweden AB, Skeppsbron 28, 111 30 Stockholm, Sweden
Fredrik Lidman
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
Emma Lindborg
DHI Sweden AB, Skeppsbron 28, 111 30 Stockholm, Sweden
Ylva Sjöberg
Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural
Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350
Copenhagen, Denmark
Hjalmar Laudon
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
Related authors
No articles found.
Shirin Karimi, Eliza Maher Hasselquist, Järvi Järveoja, Virginia Mosquera, and Hjalmar Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-158, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-158, 2024
Preprint under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
There is an increasing interest in rewetting drained peatlands to regain their important ecosystem functions. However, as peatland rewetting is a relatively new strategy, the scientific foundation for this approach is not solid. Therefore, we investigated the impact of rewetting on flood mitigation using high-resolution hydrological field observations. Our results showed that peatland rewetting has significantly reduced peak flow, runoff coefficient, and mitigated flashy hydrograph responses.
Alexa Marion Hinzman, Ylva Sjöberg, Steve W. Lyon, Wouter R. Berghuijs, and Ype van der Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
An Arctic catchment with permafrost responds in a linear fashion: water in=water out. As permafrost thaws, 9 of 10 nested catchments become more non-linear over time. We find upstream catchments have stronger streamflow seasonality and exhibit the most nonlinear storage-discharge relationships. Downstream catchments have the greatest increases in non-linearity over time. These long-term shifts in the storage-discharge relationship are not typically seen in current hydrological models.
Anna Lupon, Stefan Willem Ploum, Jason Andrew Leach, Lenka Kuglerová, and Hjalmar Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 613–625, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Discrete riparian inflow points (DRIPs) transport dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from large areas to discrete sections of streams, yet the mechanisms by which DRIPs affect stream DOC concentration, cycling, and export are still unknown. Here, we tested four models that account for different hydrologic and biological representations to show that DRIPs generally reduce DOC exports by either diluting stream DOC (snowmelt period) or promoting aquatic metabolism (summer).
Johannes Larson, William Lidberg, Anneli M. Ågren, and Hjalmar Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4837–4851, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrain indices constitute a good candidate for modelling the spatial variation of soil moisture conditions in many landscapes. In this study, we evaluate nine terrain indices on varying DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds with validation using an extensive field soil moisture class inventory. We demonstrate the importance of field validation for selecting the appropriate DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds and that failing to do so can result in ambiguous and incorrect results.
Conrad Jackisch, Sibylle K. Hassler, Tobias L. Hohenbrink, Theresa Blume, Hjalmar Laudon, Hilary McMillan, Patricia Saco, and Loes van Schaik
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5277–5285, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5277-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5277-2021, 2021
Nataliia Kozii, Kersti Haahti, Pantana Tor-ngern, Jinshu Chi, Eliza Maher Hasselquist, Hjalmar Laudon, Samuli Launiainen, Ram Oren, Matthias Peichl, Jörgen Wallerman, and Niles J. Hasselquist
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2999–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2999-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrologic cycle is one of the greatest natural processes on Earth and strongly influences both regional and global climate as well as ecosystem functioning. Results from this study clearly show the central role trees play in regulating the water cycle of boreal catchments, implying that forest management impacts on stand structure as well as climate change effects on tree growth are likely to have large cascading effects on the way water moves through boreal forested landscapes.
Navid Ghajarnia, Georgia Destouni, Josefin Thorslund, Zahra Kalantari, Imenne Åhlén, Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Sergey Chalov, Aleksandra Chalova, Kwok P. Chun, Nicola Clerici, Amanda Desormeaux, Bethany B. Garfield, Pierre Girard, Olga Gorelits, Amy Hansen, Fernando Jaramillo, Jerker Jarsjö, Adnane Labbaci, John Livsey, Giorgos Maneas, Kathryn McCurley Pisarello, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietroń, René M. Price, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta K. Sannel, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Pavel Terskii, Guillaume Vigouroux, Lucia Licero-Villanueva, and David Zamora
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1083–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1083-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1083-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Hydroclimate and land-use conditions determine the dynamics of wetlands and their ecosystem services. However, knowledge and data for conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are scarce. This paper presents a novel database for 27 wetlandscapes around the world, combining survey-based local information and hydroclimatic and land-use datasets. The developed database can enhance our capacity to understand and manage critical wetland ecosystems and their services under global change.
Stefan W. Ploum, Hjalmar Laudon, Andrés Peralta-Tapia, and Lenka Kuglerová
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1709–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1709-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1709-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Near-stream areas, or riparian zones, are important for the health of streams and rivers. If these areas are disturbed by forestry or other anthropogenic activity, the water quality and all life in streams may be at risk. We examined which riparian areas are particularly sensitive. We found that only a few wet areas bring most of the rainwater from the landscape to the stream, and they have a unique water quality. In order to maintain healthy streams and rivers, these areas should be protected.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Hjalmar Laudon, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3319–3334, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We adapted and used a spatially distributed eco-hydrological model, EcH2O-iso, to temporally evaluate the influence of soil freeze–thaw dynamics on evaporation and transpiration fluxes in a northern Swedish catchment. We used multi-criterion calibration over multiple years and found an early-season influence of soil frost on transpiration water ages. This work provides a framework for quantifying the current and future interactions of soil water, evaporation, and transpiration.
Marcus Klaus, Erik Geibrink, Anders Jonsson, Ann-Kristin Bergström, David Bastviken, Hjalmar Laudon, Jonatan Klaminder, and Jan Karlsson
Biogeosciences, 15, 5575–5594, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5575-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5575-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Forest management is widely used to mitigate climate change. However, forest greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets neglect to consider that clear-cuts often release carbon and nitrogen into streams and lakes and may affect aquatic GHG emissions. Here, we show that such emissions remain unaffected by experimental boreal forest clear-cutting despite increased groundwater carbon dioxide and methane concentrations, highlighting that riparian zones or in-stream processes may have buffered clear-cut leachates.
Matthias Sprenger, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jim Buttle, Hjalmar Laudon, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3965–3981, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We estimated water ages in the upper critical zone with a soil physical model (SWIS) and found that the age of water stored in the soil, as well as of water leaving the soil via evaporation, transpiration, or recharge, was younger the higher soil water storage (inverse storage effect). Travel times of transpiration and evaporation were different. We conceptualized the subsurface into fast and slow flow domains and the water was usually half as young in the fast as in the slow flow domain.
Martin Berggren, Marcus Klaus, Balathandayuthabani Panneer Selvam, Lena Ström, Hjalmar Laudon, Mats Jansson, and Jan Karlsson
Biogeosciences, 15, 457–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-457-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-457-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), especially its color, is a defining feature of freshwater ecosystems. We found that colored DOC fractions are surprisingly resistant to natural degradation during water transit through many brown-water lakes. This is explained by the dominance of microbial processes that appear to selectively remove noncolored DOC. However, in lakes where sunlight degradation plays a relatively larger role, significant DOC bleaching occurs.
Fernando Jaramillo, Neil Cory, Berit Arheimer, Hjalmar Laudon, Ype van der Velde, Thomas B. Hasper, Claudia Teutschbein, and Johan Uddling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Which is the dominant effect on evapotranspiration in northern forests, an increase by recent forests expansion or a decrease by the water use response due to increasing CO2 concentrations? We determined the dominant effect during the period 1961–2012 in 65 Swedish basins. We used the Budyko framework to study the hydroclimatic movements in Budyko space. Our findings suggest that forest expansion is the dominant driver of long-term and large-scale evapotranspiration changes.
Pertti Ala-aho, Doerthe Tetzlaff, James P. McNamara, Hjalmar Laudon, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used the Spatially Distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall-Runoff model (STARR) to simulate streamflows, stable water isotope ratios, snowpack dynamics, and water ages in three snow-influenced experimental catchments with exceptionally long and rich datasets. Our simulations reproduced the hydrological observations in all three catchments, suggested contrasting stream water age distributions between catchments, and demonstrated the importance of snow isotope processes in tracer-aided modelling.
Fredrik Lidman, Åsa Boily, Hjalmar Laudon, and Stephan J. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 14, 3001–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The riparian zone is the narrow strip of land that lines a watercourse. This is the last soil that the groundwater is in contact with before it enters the stream and it therefore has a high impact on the water quality. In this paper we show that many elements occur in elevated concentrations in the peat-like riparian zone of boreal headwaters and that this also leads to elevated concentrations in the streams. Hence, understanding riparian soils is crucial for a sustainable management of streams.
Sina Muster, Kurt Roth, Moritz Langer, Stephan Lange, Fabio Cresto Aleina, Annett Bartsch, Anne Morgenstern, Guido Grosse, Benjamin Jones, A. Britta K. Sannel, Ylva Sjöberg, Frank Günther, Christian Andresen, Alexandra Veremeeva, Prajna R. Lindgren, Frédéric Bouchard, Mark J. Lara, Daniel Fortier, Simon Charbonneau, Tarmo A. Virtanen, Gustaf Hugelius, Juri Palmtag, Matthias B. Siewert, William J. Riley, Charles D. Koven, and Julia Boike
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 317–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Waterbodies are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. Most waterbodies are ponds with a surface area smaller than 100 x 100 m. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake Database (PeRL) for the first time maps ponds as small as 10 x 10 m. PeRL maps can be used to document changes both by comparing them to historical and future imagery. The distribution of waterbodies in the Arctic is important to know in order to manage resources in the Arctic and to improve climate predictions in the Arctic.
Tobias Lindborg, Johan Rydberg, Mats Tröjbom, Sten Berglund, Emma Johansson, Anders Löfgren, Peter Saetre, Sara Nordén, Gustav Sohlenius, Eva Andersson, Johannes Petrone, Micke Borgiel, Ulrik Kautsky, and Hjalmar Laudon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 439–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-439-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-439-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a biogeochemical and ecological data set from the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The data set is used to conceptualize and model terrestrial and limnic ecosystems as well as the land–lake linkage. Both biotic and abiotic data is presented and will be used for biogeochemical mass-balance and transport calculations. The data set constitutes an important source in order to understand and describe accumulation and flow of matter within periglacial landscapes.
Stephen Oni, Martyn Futter, Jose Ledesma, Claudia Teutschbein, Jim Buttle, and Hjalmar Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2811–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2811-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2811-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an important framework to improve hydrologic projections in cold regions. Hydrologic modelling/projections are often based on model calibration to long-term data. Here we used dry and wet years as a proxy to quantify uncertainty in projecting hydrologic extremes. We showed that projections based on long-term data could underestimate runoff by up to 35% in boreal regions. We believe the hydrologic modelling community will benefit from new insights derived from this study.
J. Schelker, R. Sponseller, E. Ring, L. Högbom, S. Löfgren, and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences, 13, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The scientific question that is addressed in this study is how forest disturbance affects organic and inorganic nitrogen export from a boreal landscape. The key findings are that the mobilization of inorganic nitrogen from the terrestrial environment to streams increased strongly as a response to harvesting, but the stream network removed a major fraction of this load before it reached the outlet, while organic nitrogen was not removed and transported downstream.
M. Haei and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15763-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15763-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
M. Fritz, B. N. Deshpande, F. Bouchard, E. Högström, J. Malenfant-Lepage, A. Morgenstern, A. Nieuwendam, M. Oliva, M. Paquette, A. C. A. Rudy, M. B. Siewert, Y. Sjöberg, and S. Weege
The Cryosphere, 9, 1715–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1715-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1715-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This is a contribution about the future of permafrost research to the 3rd International Conference on Arctic Research Planning 2015 (ICARP III).
We summarize the top five research questions for the next decade of permafrost science from the perspective of early career researchers (ECRs).
We highlight the pathways and structural preconditions to address these research priorities.
This manuscript is an outcome of a community consultation conducted for and by ECRs on a global level.
A. A. Harpold, J. A. Marshall, S. W. Lyon, T. B. Barnhart, B. A. Fisher, M. Donovan, K. M. Brubaker, C. J. Crosby, N. F. Glenn, C. L. Glennie, P. B. Kirchner, N. Lam, K. D. Mankoff, J. L. McCreight, N. P. Molotch, K. N. Musselman, J. Pelletier, T. Russo, H. Sangireddy, Y. Sjöberg, T. Swetnam, and N. West
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2881–2897, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This review's objective is to demonstrate the transformative potential of lidar by critically assessing both challenges and opportunities for transdisciplinary lidar applications in geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. We find that using lidar to its full potential will require numerous advances, including more powerful open-source processing tools, new lidar acquisition technologies, and improved integration with physically based models and complementary observations.
F. I. Leith, K. J. Dinsmore, M. B. Wallin, M. F. Billett, K. V. Heal, H. Laudon, M. G. Öquist, and K. Bishop
Biogeosciences, 12, 1881–1892, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1881-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1881-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide transport between the terrestrial and aquatic systems was dominated by export from the near-stream riparian zone. Over the year, riparian export was highest during autumn storms and the spring snowmelt event. This resulted in high downstream export during these periods with vertical evasion from the stream surface accounting for 60% of the total stream water export, highlighting the importance of evasion to carbon export via the aquatic conduit.
Y. Sjöberg, P. Marklund, R. Pettersson, and S. W. Lyon
The Cryosphere, 9, 465–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-465-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-465-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are hydrological and biogeochemical hotspots in discontinuous permafrost areas. We estimate the depths to the permafrost table surface and base across a peatland in northern Sweden using ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography. Seasonal frost tables, taliks, and the permafrost base could be detected. The results highlight the added value of combining techniques for assessing distributions of permafrost in the rapidly changing sporadic permafrost zone.
H. Zarei, A. M. Akhondali, H. Mohammadzadeh, F. Radmanesh, and H. Laudon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3787-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-3787-2014, 2014
Manuscript not accepted for further review
A. M. Ågren, I. Buffam, D. M. Cooper, T. Tiwari, C. D. Evans, and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences, 11, 1199–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1199-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1199-2014, 2014
E. Bosson, T. Lindborg, S. Berglund, L.-G. Gustafsson, J.-O. Selroos, H. Laudon, L. L. Claesson, and G. Destouni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-9271-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-9271-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
J. L. J. Ledesma, T. Grabs, M. N. Futter, K. H. Bishop, H. Laudon, and S. J. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 10, 3849–3868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013, 2013
S. K. Oni, M. N. Futter, K. Bishop, S. J. Köhler, M. Ottosson-Löfvenius, and H. Laudon
Biogeosciences, 10, 2315–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2315-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2315-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Hybrid hydrological modeling for large alpine basins: a semi-distributed approach
Karst aquifer discharge response to rainfall interpreted as anomalous transport
HESS Opinions: Never train a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network on a single basin
Large-sample hydrology – a few camels or a whole caravan?
Comment on “Are soils overrated in hydrology?” by Gao et al. (2023)
Multi-decadal fluctuations in root zone storage capacity through vegetation adaptation to hydro-climatic variability have minor effects on the hydrological response in the Neckar River basin, Germany
Projected future changes in the cryosphere and hydrology of a mountainous catchment in the upper Heihe River, China
On the importance of plant phenology in the evaporative process of a semi-arid woodland: could it be why satellite-based evaporation estimates in the miombo differ?
Regionalization of GR4J model parameters for river flow prediction in Paraná, Brazil
Evolution of river regimes in the Mekong River basin over 8 decades and the role of dams in recent hydrological extremes
Skill of seasonal flow forecasts at catchment scale: an assessment across South Korea
To what extent do flood-inducing storm events change future flood hazards?
When ancient numerical demons meet physics-informed machine learning: adjoint-based gradients for implicit differentiable modeling
Assessing the impact of climate change on high return levels of peak flows in Bavaria applying the CRCM5 large ensemble
Impacts of climate and land surface change on catchment evapotranspiration and runoff from 1951 to 2020 in Saxony, Germany
Quantifying and reducing flood forecast uncertainty by the CHUP-BMA method
Developing a tile drainage module for the Cold Regions Hydrological Model: lessons from a farm in southern Ontario, Canada
To bucket or not to bucket? Analyzing the performance and interpretability of hybrid hydrological models with dynamic parameterization
Widespread flooding dynamics under climate change: characterising floods using grid-based hydrological modelling and regional climate projections
HESS Opinions: The sword of Damocles of the impossible flood
Metamorphic testing of machine learning and conceptual hydrologic models
The influence of human activities on streamflow reductions during the megadrought in central Chile
Elevational control of isotopic composition and application in understanding hydrologic processes in the mid Merced River catchment, Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Enhancing long short-term memory (LSTM)-based streamflow prediction with a spatially distributed approach
Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain
Impacts of spatiotemporal resolutions of precipitation on flood event simulation based on multimodel structures – a case study over the Xiang River basin in China
A network approach for multiscale catchment classification using traits
Multi-model approach in a variable spatial framework for streamflow simulation
Advancing understanding of lake–watershed hydrology: a fully coupled numerical model illustrated by Qinghai Lake
Technical note: Testing the connection between hillslope-scale runoff fluctuations and streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of large river basins
Empirical stream thermal sensitivity cluster on the landscape according to geology and climate
Multi-scale soil moisture data and process-based modeling reveal the importance of lateral groundwater flow in a subarctic catchment
Deep learning for monthly rainfall–runoff modelling: a large-sample comparison with conceptual models across Australia
On optimization of calibrations of a distributed hydrological model with spatially distributed information on snow
Toward interpretable LSTM-based modeling of hydrological systems
Vegetation Response to Climatic Variability: Implications for Root Zone Storage and Streamflow Predictions
Flow intermittence prediction using a hybrid hydrological modelling approach: influence of observed intermittence data on the training of a random forest model
What controls the tail behaviour of flood series: rainfall or runoff generation?
Learning Landscape Features from Streamflow with Autoencoders
Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry-season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed in northern California
Glaciers determine the sensitivity of hydrological processes to perturbed climate in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau
Leveraging gauge networks and strategic discharge measurements to aid the development of continuous streamflow records
On the need for physical constraints in deep learning rainfall–runoff projections under climate change: a sensitivity analysis to warming and shifts in potential evapotranspiration
Evaluation of hydrological models on small mountainous catchments: impact of the meteorological forcings
Projecting sediment export from two highly glacierized alpine catchments under climate change: exploring non-parametric regression as an analysis tool
Simulation-Based Inference for Parameter Estimation of Complex Watershed Simulators
A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+
On understanding mountainous carbonate basins of the Mediterranean using parsimonious modeling solutions
Comparing quantile regression forest and mixture density long short-term memory models for probabilistic post-processing of satellite precipitation-driven streamflow simulations
Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes
Bu Li, Ting Sun, Fuqiang Tian, Mahmut Tudaji, Li Qin, and Guangheng Ni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4521–4538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4521-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4521-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper developed hybrid semi-distributed hydrological models by employing a process-based model as the backbone and utilizing deep learning to parameterize and replace internal modules. The main contribution is to provide a high-performance tool enriched with explicit hydrological knowledge for hydrological prediction and to improve understanding about the hydrological sensitivities to climate change in large alpine basins.
Dan Elhanati, Nadine Goeppert, and Brian Berkowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4239–4249, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A continuous time random walk framework was developed to allow modeling of a karst aquifer discharge response to measured rainfall. The application of the numerical model yielded robust fits between modeled and measured discharge values, especially for the distinctive long tails found during recession times. The findings shed light on the interplay of slow and fast flow in the karst system and establish the application of the model for simulating flow and transport in such systems.
Frederik Kratzert, Martin Gauch, Daniel Klotz, and Grey Nearing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4187–4201, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4187-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4187-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, a special type of neural-network architecture became increasingly popular in hydrology literature. However, in most applications, this model was applied as a one-to-one replacement for hydrology models without adapting or rethinking the experimental setup. In this opinion paper, we show how this is almost always a bad decision and how using these kinds of models requires the use of large-sample hydrology data sets.
Franziska Clerc-Schwarzenbach, Giovanni Selleri, Mattia Neri, Elena Toth, Ilja van Meerveld, and Jan Seibert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4219–4237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the differences between the forcing data included in three CAMELS datasets (US, BR, GB) and the forcing data included for the same catchments in the Caravan dataset affect model calibration considerably. The model performance dropped when the data from the Caravan dataset were used instead of the original data. Most of the model performance drop could be attributed to the differences in precipitation data. However, differences were largest for the potential evapotranspiration data.
Ying Zhao, Mehdi Rahmati, Harry Vereecken, and Dani Or
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4059–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gao et al. (2023) question the importance of soil in hydrology, sparking debate. We acknowledge some valid points but critique their broad, unsubstantiated views on soil's role. Our response highlights three key areas: (1) the false divide between ecosystem-centric and soil-centric approaches, (2) the vital yet varied impact of soil properties, and (3) the call for a scale-aware framework. We aim to unify these perspectives, enhancing hydrology's comprehensive understanding.
Siyuan Wang, Markus Hrachowitz, and Gerrit Schoups
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4011–4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4011-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4011-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Root zone storage capacity (Sumax) changes significantly over multiple decades, reflecting vegetation adaptation to climatic variability. However, this temporal evolution of Sumax cannot explain long-term fluctuations in the partitioning of water fluxes as expressed by deviations ΔIE from the parametric Budyko curve over time with different climatic conditions, and it does not have any significant effects on shorter-term hydrological response characteristics of the upper Neckar catchment.
Zehua Chang, Hongkai Gao, Leilei Yong, Kang Wang, Rensheng Chen, Chuntan Han, Otgonbayar Demberel, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Shugui Hou, and Zheng Duan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3897–3917, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3897-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3897-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An integrated cryospheric–hydrologic model, FLEX-Cryo, was developed that considers glaciers, snow cover, and frozen soil and their dynamic impacts on hydrology. We utilized it to simulate future changes in cryosphere and hydrology in the Hulu catchment. Our projections showed the two glaciers will melt completely around 2050, snow cover will reduce, and permafrost will degrade. For hydrology, runoff will decrease after the glacier has melted, and permafrost degradation will increase baseflow.
Henry M. Zimba, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Kawawa E. Banda, Petra Hulsman, Nick van de Giesen, Imasiku A. Nyambe, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3633–3663, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3633-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3633-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The fall and flushing of new leaves in the miombo woodlands co-occur in the dry season before the commencement of seasonal rainfall. The miombo species are also said to have access to soil moisture in deep soils, including groundwater in the dry season. Satellite-based evaporation estimates, temporal trends, and magnitudes differ the most in the dry season, most likely due to inadequate understanding and representation of the highlighted miombo species attributes in simulations.
Louise Akemi Kuana, Arlan Scortegagna Almeida, Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, and Steffen Manfred Noe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3367–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The authors compared regionalization methods for river flow prediction in 126 catchments from the south of Brazil, a region with humid subtropical and hot temperate climate. The regionalization method based on physiographic–climatic similarity had the best performance for predicting daily and Q95 reference flow. We showed that basins without flow monitoring can have a good approximation of streamflow using machine learning and physiographic–climatic information as inputs.
Huy Dang and Yadu Pokhrel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3347–3365, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By examining basin-wide simulations of a river regime over 83 years with and without dams, we present evidence that climate variation was a key driver of hydrologic variabilities in the Mekong River basin (MRB) over the long term; however, dams have largely altered the seasonality of the Mekong’s flow regime and annual flooding patterns in major downstream areas in recent years. These findings could help us rethink the planning of future dams and water resource management in the MRB.
Yongshin Lee, Francesca Pianosi, Andres Peñuela, and Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3261–3279, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Following recent advancements in weather prediction technology, we explored how seasonal weather forecasts (1 or more months ahead) could benefit practical water management in South Korea. Our findings highlight that using seasonal weather forecasts for predicting flow patterns 1 to 3 months ahead is effective, especially during dry years. This suggest that seasonal weather forecasts can be helpful in improving the management of water resources.
Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3161–3190, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3161-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3161-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flooding worsens due to climate change, with river dynamics being a key in local flood control. Predicting post-storm geomorphic changes is challenging. Using self-organizing maps and machine learning, this study forecasts post-storm alterations in stage–discharge relationships across 3101 US stream gages. The provided framework can aid in updating hazard assessments by identifying rivers prone to change, integrating channel adjustments into flood hazard assessment.
Yalan Song, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Martyn P. Clark, Dapeng Feng, Kathryn Lawson, Kamlesh Sawadekar, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3051–3077, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Differentiable models (DMs) integrate neural networks and physical equations for accuracy, interpretability, and knowledge discovery. We developed an adjoint-based DM for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for hydrological modeling, reducing distorted fluxes and physical parameters from errors in models that use explicit and operation-splitting schemes. With a better numerical scheme and improved structure, the adjoint-based DM matches or surpasses long short-term memory (LSTM) performance.
Florian Willkofer, Raul R. Wood, and Ralf Ludwig
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2969–2989, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2969-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2969-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Severe flood events pose a threat to riverine areas, yet robust estimates of the dynamics of these events in the future due to climate change are rarely available. Hence, this study uses data from a regional climate model, SMILE, to drive a high-resolution hydrological model for 98 catchments of hydrological Bavaria and exploits the large database to derive robust values for the 100-year flood events. Results indicate an increase in frequency and intensity for most catchments in the future.
Maik Renner and Corina Hauffe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2849–2869, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2849-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2849-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate and land surface changes influence the partitioning of water balance components decisively. Their impact is quantified for 71 catchments in Saxony. Germany. Distinct signatures in the joint water and energy budgets are found: (i) past forest dieback caused a decrease in and subsequent recovery of evapotranspiration in the affected regions, and (ii) the recent shift towards higher aridity imposed a large decline in runoff that has not been seen in the observation records before.
Zhen Cui, Shenglian Guo, Hua Chen, Dedi Liu, Yanlai Zhou, and Chong-Yu Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2809–2829, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble forecasting facilitates reliable flood forecasting and warning. This study couples the copula-based hydrologic uncertainty processor (CHUP) with Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and proposes the novel CHUP-BMA method of reducing inflow forecasting uncertainty of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The CHUP-BMA avoids the normal distribution assumption in the HUP-BMA and considers the constraint of initial conditions, which can improve the deterministic and probabilistic forecast performance.
Mazda Kompanizare, Diogo Costa, Merrin L. Macrae, John W. Pomeroy, and Richard M. Petrone
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2785–2807, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new agricultural tile drainage module was developed in the Cold Region Hydrological Model platform. Tile flow and water levels are simulated by considering the effect of capillary fringe thickness, drainable water and seasonal regional groundwater dynamics. The model was applied to a small well-instrumented farm in southern Ontario, Canada, where there are concerns about the impacts of agricultural drainage into Lake Erie.
Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Ralf Loritz, Manuel Álvarez Chaves, Nicole Bäuerle, and Uwe Ehret
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2705–2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological hybrid models promise to merge the performance of deep learning methods with the interpretability of process-based models. One hybrid approach is the dynamic parameterization of conceptual models using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. We explored this method to evaluate the effect of the flexibility given by LSTMs on the process-based part.
Adam Griffin, Alison L. Kay, Paul Sayers, Victoria Bell, Elizabeth Stewart, and Sam Carr
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2635–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2635-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2635-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Widespread flooding is a major problem in the UK and is greatly affected by climate change and land-use change. To look at how widespread flooding changes in the future, climate model data (UKCP18) were used with a hydrological model (Grid-to-Grid) across the UK, and 14 400 events were identified between two time slices: 1980–2010 and 2050–2080. There was a strong increase in the number of winter events in the future time slice and in the peak return periods.
Alberto Montanari, Bruno Merz, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2603–2615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods often take communities by surprise, as they are often considered virtually
impossibleyet are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. We discuss four reasons why extremely large floods carry a risk that is often larger than expected. We provide suggestions for managing the risk of megafloods by calling for a creative exploration of hazard scenarios and communicating the unknown corners of the reality of floods.
Peter Reichert, Kai Ma, Marvin Höge, Fabrizio Fenicia, Marco Baity-Jesi, Dapeng Feng, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2505–2529, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the predicted change in catchment outlet discharge to precipitation and temperature change for conceptual and machine learning hydrological models. We found that machine learning models, despite providing excellent fit and prediction capabilities, can be unreliable regarding the prediction of the effect of temperature change for low-elevation catchments. This indicates the need for caution when applying them for the prediction of the effect of climate change.
Nicolás Álamos, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Ariel Muñoz, and Álvaro González-Reyes
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2483–2503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we assess the effects of climate and water use on streamflow reductions and drought intensification during the last 3 decades in central Chile. We address this by contrasting streamflow observations with near-natural streamflow simulations. We conclude that while the lack of precipitation dominates streamflow reductions in the megadrought, water uses have not diminished during this time, causing a worsening of the hydrological drought conditions and maladaptation conditions.
Fengjing Liu, Martha H. Conklin, and Glenn D. Shaw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2239–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain snowpack has been declining and more precipitation falls as rain than snow. Using stable isotopes, we found flows and flow duration in Yosemite Creek are most sensitive to climate warming due to strong evaporation of waterfalls, potentially lengthening the dry-up period of waterfalls in summer and negatively affecting tourism. Groundwater recharge in Yosemite Valley is primarily from the upper snow–rain transition (2000–2500 m) and very vulnerable to a reduction in the snow–rain ratio.
Qiutong Yu, Bryan A. Tolson, Hongren Shen, Ming Han, Juliane Mai, and Jimmy Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2107–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to incorporate input variables' spatial distribution information when implementing long short-term memory (LSTM) models for streamflow prediction. This work presents a novel hybrid modelling approach to predict streamflow while accounting for spatial variability. We evaluated the performance against lumped LSTM predictions in 224 basins across the Great Lakes region in North America. This approach shows promise for predicting streamflow in large, ungauged basin.
Marcus Buechel, Louise Slater, and Simon Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2081–2105, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation has been proposed internationally, but the hydrological implications of such large increases in the spatial extent of woodland are not fully understood. In this study, we use a land surface model to simulate hydrology across Great Britain with realistic afforestation scenarios and potential climate changes. Countrywide afforestation minimally influences hydrology, when compared to climate change, and reduces low streamflow whilst not lowering the highest flows.
Qian Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Dongyang Zhou, Tiantian Yang, and Xinyi Song
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1665–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and prediction. Satellite-based precipitation with different spatiotemporal resolutions is an important input source. Data-driven models are sometimes proven to be more accurate than hydrological models. Event-based calibration and conventional strategy are two options adopted for flood simulation. This study targets the three concerns for accurate flood event simulation and prediction.
Fabio Ciulla and Charuleka Varadharajan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1617–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method based on network science for unsupervised classification of large datasets and apply it to classify 9067 US catchments and 274 biophysical traits at multiple scales. We find that our trait-based approach produces catchment classes with distinct streamflow behavior and that spatial patterns emerge amongst pristine and human-impacted catchments. This method can be widely used beyond hydrology to identify patterns, reduce trait redundancy, and select representative sites.
Cyril Thébault, Charles Perrin, Vazken Andréassian, Guillaume Thirel, Sébastien Legrand, and Olivier Delaigue
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1539–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow forecasting is useful for many applications, ranging from population safety (e.g. floods) to water resource management (e.g. agriculture or hydropower). To this end, hydrological models must be optimized. However, a model is inherently wrong. This study aims to analyse the contribution of a multi-model approach within a variable spatial framework to improve streamflow simulations. The underlying idea is to take advantage of the strength of each modelling framework tested.
Lele Shu, Xiaodong Li, Yan Chang, Xianhong Meng, Hao Chen, Yuan Qi, Hongwei Wang, Zhaoguo Li, and Shihua Lyu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1477–1491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new model to better understand how water moves in a lake basin. Our model improves upon previous methods by accurately capturing the complexity of water movement, both on the surface and subsurface. Our model, tested using data from China's Qinghai Lake, accurately replicates complex water movements and identifies contributing factors of the lake's water balance. The findings provide a robust tool for predicting hydrological processes, aiding water resource planning.
Ricardo Mantilla, Morgan Fonley, and Nicolás Velásquez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1373–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrologists strive to “Be right for the right reasons” when modeling the hydrologic cycle; however, the datasets available to validate hydrological models are sparse, and in many cases, they comprise streamflow observations at the outlets of large catchments. In this work, we show that matching streamflow observations at the outlet of a large basin is not a reliable indicator of a correct description of the small-scale runoff processes.
Lillian M. McGill, E. Ashley Steel, and Aimee H. Fullerton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1351–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the relationship between air and river temperatures in Washington's Snoqualmie and Wenatchee basins. We used classification and regression approaches to show that the sensitivity of river temperature to air temperature is variable across basins and controlled largely by geology and snowmelt. Findings can be used to inform strategies for river basin restoration and conservation, such as identifying climate-insensitive areas of the basin that should be preserved and protected.
Jari-Pekka Nousu, Kersti Leppä, Hannu Marttila, Pertti Ala-aho, Giulia Mazzotti, Terhikki Manninen, Mika Korkiakoski, Mika Aurela, Annalea Lohila, and Samuli Launiainen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-81, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We used hydrological models, field measurements and satellite-based data to study the soil moisture dynamics in a subarctic catchment. The role of groundwater was studied with different ways to model the groundwater dynamics, and via comparisons to the observational data. The choice of groundwater model was shown to have a strong impact, and representation of lateral flow was important to capture wet soil conditions. Our results provide insights for ecohydrological studies in boreal regions.
Stephanie R. Clark, Julien Lerat, Jean-Michel Perraud, and Peter Fitch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1191–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To determine if deep learning models are in general a viable alternative to traditional hydrologic modelling techniques in Australian catchments, a comparison of river–runoff predictions is made between traditional conceptual models and deep learning models in almost 500 catchments spread over the continent. It is found that the deep learning models match or outperform the traditional models in over two-thirds of the river catchments, indicating feasibility in a wide variety of conditions.
Dipti Tiwari, Mélanie Trudel, and Robert Leconte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1127–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Calibrating hydrological models with multi-objective functions enhances model robustness. By using spatially distributed snow information in the calibration, the model performance can be enhanced without compromising the outputs. In this study the HYDROTEL model was calibrated in seven different experiments, incorporating the SPAEF (spatial efficiency) metric alongside Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE), with the aim of identifying the optimal calibration strategy.
Luis Andres De la Fuente, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Hoshin Vijai Gupta, and Laura Elizabeth Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 945–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a widely used machine-learning model in hydrology, but it is difficult to extract knowledge from it. We propose HydroLSTM, which represents processes like a hydrological reservoir. Models based on HydroLSTM perform similarly to LSTM while requiring fewer cell states. The learned parameters are informative about the dominant hydrology of a catchment. Our results show how parsimony and hydrological knowledge extraction can be achieved by using the new structure.
Nienke Tessa Tempel, Laurene Bouaziz, Riccardo Taormina, Ellis van Noppen, Jasper Stam, Eric Sprokkereef, and Markus Hrachowitz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-115, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-115, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the impact of climatic variability on root zone water storage capacities thus on hydrological predictions. Analysing data from 286 areas in Europe and the US, we found that despite some variations in root zone storage capacity due to changing climatic conditions over multiple decades, these changes are generally minor and have a limited effect on water storage and river flow predictions.
Louise Mimeau, Annika Künne, Flora Branger, Sven Kralisch, Alexandre Devers, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 851–871, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling flow intermittence is essential for predicting the future evolution of drying in river networks and better understanding the ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, modelling flow intermittence is challenging, and observed data on temporary rivers are scarce. This study presents a new modelling approach for predicting flow intermittence in river networks and shows that combining different sources of observed data reduces the model uncertainty.
Elena Macdonald, Bruno Merz, Björn Guse, Viet Dung Nguyen, Xiaoxiang Guan, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some rivers, the occurrence of extreme flood events is more likely than in other rivers – they have heavy-tailed distributions. We find that threshold processes in the runoff generation lead to such a relatively high occurrence probability of extremes. Further, we find that beyond a certain return period, i.e. for rare events, rainfall is often the dominant control compared to runoff generation. Our results can help to improve the estimation of the occurrence probability of extreme floods.
Alberto Bassi, Marvin Höge, Antonietta Mira, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Carlo Albert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-47, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
The goal is to remove the impact of meteorological drivers in order to uncover the unique landscape fingerprints of a catchment from streamflow data. Our results reveal an optimal two-feature summary for most catchments, with a third feature needed for challenging cases, associated with aridity and intermittent flow. Baseflow index, aridity, and soil/vegetation attributes strongly correlate with learned features, indicating their importance for streamflow prediction.
Claire Kouba and Thomas Harter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 691–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some watersheds, the severity of the dry season has a large impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we design a way to predict, 5–6 months in advance, how severe the dry season will be in a rural watershed in northern California. This early warning can support seasonal adaptive management. To predict these two values, we assess data about snow, rain, groundwater, and river flows. We find that maximum snowpack and total wet season rainfall best predict dry season severity.
Yi Nan and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 669–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilized a tracer-aided model validated by multiple datasets in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau to analyze hydrological sensitivity to climate change. The spatial pattern of the local hydrological sensitivities and the influence factors were analyzed in particular. The main finding of this paper is that the local hydrological sensitivity in mountainous basins is determined by the relationship between the glacier area ratio and the mean annual precipitation.
Michael J. Vlah, Matthew R. V. Ross, Spencer Rhea, and Emily S. Bernhardt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 545–573, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Virtual stream gauging enables continuous streamflow estimation where a gauge might be difficult or impractical to install. We reconstructed flow at 27 gauges of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), informing ~199 site-months of missing data in the official record and improving that accuracy of official estimates at 11 sites. This study shows that machine learning, but also routine regression methods, can be used to supplement existing gauge networks and reduce monitoring costs.
Sungwook Wi and Scott Steinschneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 479–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate whether deep learning (DL) models can produce physically plausible streamflow projections under climate change. We address this question by focusing on modeled responses to increases in temperature and potential evapotranspiration and by employing three DL and three process-based hydrological models. The results suggest that physical constraints regarding model architecture and input are necessary to promote the physical realism of DL hydrological projections under climate change.
Guillaume Evin, Matthieu Le Lay, Catherine Fouchier, David Penot, Francois Colleoni, Alexandre Mas, Pierre-André Garambois, and Olivier Laurantin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological modelling of mountainous catchments is challenging for many reasons, the main one being the temporal and spatial representation of precipitation forcings. This study presents an evaluation of the hydrological modelling of 55 small mountainous catchments of the northern French Alps, focusing on the influence of the type of precipitation reanalyses used as inputs. These evaluations emphasize the added value of radar measurements, in particular for the reproduction of flood events.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 139–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How suspended sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas responds to future climate change is hardly assessable as many interacting processes are involved, and appropriate physical models are lacking. We present the first study, to our knowledge, exploring machine learning to project sediment export until 2100 in two high-alpine catchments. We find that uncertainties due to methodological limitations are small until 2070. Negative trends imply that peak sediment may have already passed.
Robert Hull, Elena Leonarduzzi, Luis De La Fuente, Hoang Viet Tran, Andrew Bennett, Peter Melchior, Reed M. Maxwell, and Laura E. Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-264, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale hydrologic a needed tool to explore complex watershed processes and how they may evolve under a changing climate. However, calibrating them can be difficult because they are costly to run and have many unknown parameters. We implement a state-of-the-art approach to model calibration with a set of experiments in the Upper Colorado River Basin.
Salam A. Abbas, Ryan T. Bailey, Jeremy T. White, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Michael J. White, Natalja Čerkasova, and Jungang Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research highlights.
1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds with different unique hydrologic features across the United States.
2. Presented methods for sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation for coupled models.
3. Sensitivity analysis for streamflow and groundwater head conducted using Morris method.
4. Uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation performed using an iterative ensemble smoother within the PEST framework.
Shima Azimi, Christian Massari, Giuseppe Formetta, Silvia Barbetta, Alberto Tazioli, Davide Fronzi, Sara Modanesi, Angelica Tarpanelli, and Riccardo Rigon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4485–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the water budget of nested karst catchments using simple methods and modeling. By utilizing the available data on precipitation and discharge, we were able to determine the response lag-time by adopting new techniques. Additionally, we modeled snow cover dynamics and evapotranspiration with the use of Earth observations, providing a concise overview of the water budget for the basin and its subbasins. We have made the data, models, and workflows accessible for further study.
Yuhang Zhang, Aizhong Ye, Bita Analui, Phu Nguyen, Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, and Yuxuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4529–4550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that while the quantile regression forest (QRF) and countable mixtures of asymmetric Laplacians long short-term memory (CMAL-LSTM) models demonstrate similar proficiency in multipoint probabilistic predictions, QRF excels in smaller watersheds and CMAL-LSTM in larger ones. CMAL-LSTM performs better in single-point deterministic predictions, whereas QRF model is more efficient overall.
Léo C. P. Martin, Sebastian Westermann, Michele Magni, Fanny Brun, Joel Fiddes, Yanbin Lei, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Tamara Mathys, Moritz Langer, Simon Allen, and Walter W. Immerzeel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4409–4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across the Tibetan Plateau, many large lakes have been changing level during the last decades as a response to climate change. In high-mountain environments, water fluxes from the land to the lakes are linked to the ground temperature of the land and to the energy fluxes between the ground and the atmosphere, which are modified by climate change. With a numerical model, we test how these water and energy fluxes have changed over the last decades and how they influence the lake level variations.
Cited articles
Abbott, B. W., Baranov, V., Mendoza-Lera, C., Nikolakopoulou, M., Harjung,
A., Kolbe, T., Balasubramanian, M. N., Vaessen, T. N., Ciocca, F., Campeau,
A., Wallin, M. B., Romeijn, P., Antonelli, M., Gonçalves, J., Datry, T.,
Laverman, A. M., de Dreuzy, J.-R., Hannah, D. M., Krause, S., Oldham, C., and
Pinay, G.: Using multi-tracer inference to move beyond single-catchment
ecohydrology, Earth-Science Rev., 160, 19–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.014, 2016.
Ala-aho, P., Tetzlaff, D., McNamara, J. P., Laudon, H., and Soulsby, C.: Using isotopes to constrain water flux and age estimates in snow-influenced catchments using the STARR (Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff) model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5089-2017, 2017.
Ameli, A. A., Amvrosiadi, N., Grabs, T., Laudon, H., Creed, I. F.,
McDonnell, J. J., and Bishop, K.: Hillslope permeability architecture
controls on subsurface transit time distribution and flow paths, J. Hydrol.,
543, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.071, 2016.
Aubin, I., Boisvert-Marsh, L., Kebli, H., McKenney, D., Pedlar,
J., Lawrence, K., Hogg, E. H., Boulanger, Y., Gauthier, S., and Ste-Marie,
C.: Tree vulnerability to climate change: improving exposure-based
assessments using traits as indicators of
sensitivity, Ecosphere, 9, e02108, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2108, 2018.
Barnett, T. P., Adam, J. C., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Potential impacts of a
warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Nature,
438, 303, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04141, 2005.
Bishop, K. H.: Episodic increases in stream acidity, catchment flow
pathways and hydrograph separation, PhD dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
Bishop, K., Seibert, J., Nyberg, L., and Rodhe, A.: Water storage in a till
catchment. II: Implications of transmissivity feedback for flow paths and
turnover times, Hydrol. Process., 25, 3950–3959,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8355, 2011.
Bjerklie, D. M., Lawrence Dingman, S., Vorosmarty, C. J., Bolster, C. H.,
and Congalton, R.G.: Evaluating the potential for measuring river discharge
from space. J. Hydrol., 278, 17–38,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00129-X, 2003.
Bosson, E., Sassner, M., Sabel, U., and Gustafsson, L.-G.: Modelling of present and future hydrology and solute transport at Forsmark, SKB R-10-02 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, Stockholm, 2010.
Bosson, E., Sabel, U., Gustafsson, L. G., Sassner, M., and Destouni, G.: Influences of shifts in climate, landscape, and permafrost on terrestrial hydrology, J. Geophys.Res.-Atmos. 117, D05120, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016429, 2012.
Bosson, E., Selroos, J.-O., Stigsson, M., Gustafsson, L.-G., and Destouni,
G.: Exchange and pathways of deep and shallow groundwater in different
climate and permafrost conditions using the Forsmark site, Sweden, as an
example catchment, Hydrogeol. J., 21, 225–237,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0906-7, 2013.
Botter, G., Bertuzzo, E., and Rinaldo, A.: Transport in the hydrologic
response: Travel time distributions, soil moisture dynamics, and the old
water paradox, Water Resour. Res., 46, W03514, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008371,
2010.
Brirhet, H. and Benaabidate, L.: Comparison Of Two Hydrological Models (Lumped And Distributed) Over A Pilot Area Of The Issen Watershed In The Souss Basin, Morocco, European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12, 347, https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n18p347, 2016.
Brown, R., Vikhamar-Schuler, D., Bulygina, O., Derksen, C., Luojus, K.,
Mudryk, L., Wang, L., and Yang, D.: Arctic terrestrial snow cover, Chapter 3,
in: Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the arctic (SWIPA) 2017,
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, 25–64 pp., 2017.
Burns, D. A., Plummer, L. N., McDonnell, J. J., Busenberg, E., Casile, G. C., Kendall, C., Hooper, R. P., Freer, J. E., Peters, N. E., Beven, K., and Schlosser, P.: The Geochemical Evolution of Riparian Ground Water in a Forested Piedmont Catchment, Groundwater, 41, 913–925, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02434.x, 2003.
Danesh-Yazdi, M., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Karwan, D. L., and Botter, G.:
Inferring changes in water cycle dynamics of intensively managed landscapes
via the theory of time-variant travel time distributions, Water Resour.
Res., 52, 7593–7614, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019091, 2016.
Destouni, G., Simic, E., and Graham, W.: On the applicability of analytical
methods for estimating solute travel time statistics in nonuniform
groundwater flow, Water Resour. Res., 37, 2303–2308,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000348, 2001.
DHI: MIKE powered by DHI – MIKE software, available at:
https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com, last access: 10 March 2021.
Erlandsson, M., Oelkers, E. H., Bishop, K., Sverdrup, H., Belyazid, S.,
Ledesma, J. L. J., and Köhler, S. J.: Spatial and temporal variations of
base cation release from chemical weathering on a hillslope scale, Chem.
Geol., 441, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.08.008, 2016.
Erlandsson Lampa, M., Sverdrup, H. U., Bishop, K. H., Belyazid, S., Ameli, A., and Köhler, S. J.: Catchment export of base cations: improved mineral dissolution kinetics influence the role of water transit time, SOIL, 6, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-231-2020, 2020.
Fenicia, F., Wrede, S., Kavetski, D., Pfister, L., Hoffmann, L., Savenije,
H. H. G., and McDonnell, J. J.: Assessing the impact of mixing assumptions
on the estimation of streamwater mean residence time, Hydrol.
Proc., 24, 1730–1741, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7595, 2010.
Frisbee, M. D., Phillips, F. M., Campbell, A. R., Liu, F., and Sanchez, S.
A.: Streamflow generation in a large, alpine watershed in the southern Rocky
Mountains of Colorado: Is streamflow generation simply the aggregation of
hillslope runoff responses?, Water Resour. Res., 47, W06512,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009391, 2011.
Goldthwait, R. P.: Till : a symposium, First Edn., The Ohio State University
Press, Columbus, USA, 1971.
Goller, R., Wilcke, W., Leng, M. J., Tobschall, H. J., Wagner, K., Valarezo,
C., and Zech, W.: Tracing water paths through small catchments under a
tropical montane rain forest in south Ecuador by an oxygen isotope approach,
J. Hydrol., 308, 67–80,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2004.10.022, 2005.
Graham, D. N. and Butts, M. B.: Flexible, integrated watershed modelling with MIKE SHE, in: Watershed Models, edited by: Singh, V. P. and Frevert, D. K., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 245–272 pp., ISBN 0849336090, 2005.
Harman, C. J.: Time-variable transit time distributions and transport:
Theory and application to storage-dependent transport of chloride in a
watershed, Water Resour. Res., 51, 1–30,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015707, 2015.
Heidbüchel, I., Troch, P. A., Lyon, S. W., and Weiler, M.: The master
transit time distribution of variable flow systems, Water Resour. Res., 48, W06520,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011293, 2012.
Heidbüchel, I., Yang, J., Musolff, A., Troch, P., Ferré, T., and Fleckenstein, J. H.: On the shape of forward transit time distributions in low-order catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2895–2920, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2895-2020, 2020.
Hooper, R. P., Stone, A., Christophersen, N., de Grosbois, E., and Seip, H.
M.: Assessing the Birkenes Model of stream acidification using a multisignal
calibration methodology, Water Resour. Res., 24, 1308–1316,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR024i008p01308, 1988.
Hrachowitz, M., Savenije, H., Bogaard, T. A., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: What can flux tracking teach us about water age distribution patterns and their temporal dynamics?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 533–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-533-2013, 2013.
Hrachowitz, M., Fovet, O., Ruiz, L., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Transit time
distributions, legacy contamination and variability in biogeochemical
1/fα scaling: how are hydrological response dynamics linked to water
quality at the catchment scale?, Hydrol. Process., 29, 5241–5256,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10546, 2015.
Hrachowitz, M., Benettin, P., van Breukelen, B. M., Fovet, O., Howden, N. J.,
Ruiz, L., van der Velde, Y., and Wade, A. J.: Transit times – the link between
hydrology and water quality at the catchment scale, WIREs Water, 3, 629–657,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1155, 2016.
IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups
I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp., 2014.
Ivarsson H. and Johnson T.: Stratigraphy of the quaternary deposits in the Nyänget drainage area, within the Svartberget Forest Experimental Area, and a general geomorphological description of the Vindeln region, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Stencil 6, 61 pp., 1988.
Jian, J., Ryu, D., Costelloe, J. F., and Su, C.-H.: Towards hydrological
model calibration using river level measurements. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 10,
95–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.12.085, 2017.
Johansson, E., Gustafsson, L. G., Berglund, S., Lindborg, T., Selroos, J. O., Claesson Liljedahl, L., and Destouni, G.: Data evaluation and numerical modeling of hydrological interactions between active layer, lake and talik in a permafrost catchment, Western Greenland. J. Hydrol. 527, 688–703, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.026, 2015.
Joyce, S., Simpson, T., Hartley, L., Applegate, D., Hoek, J., Jackson, P., and Swan, D.: Groundwater flow modelling of periods with 105 temperate climate conditions, SKB R-09-20 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, Stockholm, 2010.
Jungqvist G., Oni S. K., Teutschbein C., and Futter M. N.: Effect of Climate
Change on Soil Temperature in Swedish Boreal Forests, PLoS ONE, 9, e93957,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093957, 2014.
Jutebring Sterte, E., Johansson, E., Sjöberg, Y., Huseby Karlsen, R.,
and Laudon, H.: Groundwater-surface water interactions across scales in a
boreal landscape investigated using a numerical modelling approach, J. Hydrol., 560, 184–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2018.03.011,
2018.
Jutebring Sterte, E., Lindborg, E., Lidman, F., Laudon, H., Huseby Karlsen, R., and Sjöberg, Y.:
Surface-ground water interaction: From watershed processes to hyporheic exchange, Safe Deposit, available at: https://www.safedeposit.se/projects/166 (last access: 10 March 2021), 2020.
Kaandorp, V. P., de Louw, P. G. B., van der Velde, Y., and Broers, H.
P.: Transient Groundwater Travel Time Distributions and Age-Ranked
Storage-Discharge Relationships of Three Lowland Catchments, Water Resour.
Res., 54, 4519–4536, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR022461, 2018.
Karlsen, R. H., Grabs, T., Bishop, K., Buffam, I., Laudon, H., and Seibert,
J.: Landscape controls on spatiotemporal discharge variability in a boreal
catchment, Water Resour. Res., 52, 6541–6556,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019186, 2016.
Kirchner, J. W.: Aggregation in environmental systems – Part 1: Seasonal tracer cycles quantify young water fractions, but not mean transit times, in spatially heterogeneous catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 279–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-279-2016, 2016.
Klaminder, J., Grip, H., Morth, C.-M., and Laudon, H.: Carbon mineralization
and pyrite oxidation in groundwater: Importance for silicate weathering in
boreal forest soils and stream base-flow chemistry, Appl. Geochem.,
26, 319–324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.12.005, 2011.
Klaus, J., Zehe, E., Elsner, M., Külls, C., and McDonnell, J. J.: Macropore flow of old water revisited: experimental insights from a tile-drained hillslope, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 103–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-103-2013, 2013.
Kolbe, T., Marçais, J., de Dreuzy, J.-R., Labasque, T., Bishop, K.: Lagged
rejuvenation of groundwater indicates internal flow structures and
hydrological connectivity, Hydrol. Process., 34, 2176–2189,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13753, 2020.
Kralik, M.: How to Estimate Mean Residence Times of Groundwater, Proced.
Earth Plan. Sc., 13, 301–306,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROEPS.2015.07.070, 2015.
Kristensen, K. J. and S. E. Jensen.: A model for estimating actual
evapotranspiration from potential evapotranspiration, Royal Veterinary and
Agricultural University, Nord. Hydrol., 6, 170–188, 1975.
Krycklan Database: Hydrological Research at Krycklan Catchment Study,
available at: https://www.slu.se/Krycklan (last access: 10 March 2021), 2013.
Laudon, H. and Sponseller, R. A.: How landscape organization and scale shape
catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry: insights from a long-term catchment
study, WIREs Water, 5, e1265, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1265, 2018.
Laudon, H., Seibert, J., Köhler, S., and Bishop, K.: Hydrological flow
paths during snowmelt: Congruence between hydrometric measurements and
oxygen 18 in meltwater, soil water, and runoff, Water Resour. Res., 40,
W03102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002455, 2004.
Laudon, H., Sjöblom, V., Buffam, I., Seibert, J., and Mörth, M.: The
role of catchment scale and landscape characteristics for runoff generation
of boreal streams, J. Hydrol., 344, 198–209, 2007.
Laudon, H., Berggren, M., Ågren, A., Buffam, I., Bishop, K., Grabs, T., Jansson, J., and Köhler, S.: Patterns and Dynamics of
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Boreal Streams: The Role of Processes,
Connectivity, and Scaling, Ecosystems, 14, 880–893,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9452-8, 2011.
Laudon, H., Taberman, I., Ågren, A., Futter, M., Ottosson-Löfvenius,
M., and Bishop, K.: The Krycklan Catchment Study – A flagship infrastructure
for hydrology, biogeochemistry, and climate research in the boreal
landscape, Water Resour. Res., 49, 7154–7158,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20520, 2013.
Leach, J. A. and Laudon, H.: Headwater lakes and their influence on
downstream discharge, Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 4, 105–112,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10110, 2019.
Ledesma, J. L. J., Grabs, T., Futter, M. N., Bishop, K. H., Laudon, H., and Köhler, S. J.: Riparian zone control on base cation concentration in boreal streams, Biogeosciences, 10, 3849–3868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3849-2013, 2013.
Ledesma, J. L. J., Futter, M. N., Blackburn, M., F., Lidman, F., Grabs, T., Sponseller, R. A., Laudon, H., Bishop, K. H., and Köhler, S. J.: Towards an Improved Conceptualization of Riparian
Zones in Boreal Forest Headwaters, Ecosystems, 21, 297–315,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0149-5, 2018.
Li, C., Liu, J., Yu, F., Tian, J., Wang, Y., and Qiu, Q.: Hydrological model calibration in data-limited catchments using non-continuous data series with different lengths, EPiC Series in Engineering 3, EasyChair, Palermo, Italy, 1155–1161 pp., 2018.
Lidman, F., Köhler, S. J., Morth, C.-M., and Laudon, H.: Metal transport
in the boreal landscape – the role of wetlands and the affinity for organic
matter, Environmental Science & Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es4045506, 2014.
Lidman, F., Peralta-Tapia, A., Vesterlund, A., and Laudon, H.: 234U
Lidman, F., Boily, Å., Laudon, H., and Köhler, S. J.: From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream, Biogeosciences, 14, 3001–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017, 2017.
Lin, H.: Earth's Critical Zone and hydropedology: concepts, characteristics, and advances, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 25–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-25-2010, 2010.
Lutz, S. R., Krieg, R., Müller, C., Zink, M., Knöller, K.,
Samaniego, L., and Merz, R.: Spatial Patterns of Water Age: Using Young
Water Fractions to Improve the Characterization of Transit Times in
Contrasting Catchments, Water Resour. Res., 54, 4767–4784,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR022216, 2018.
Lyon, S. W., Ploum, S. W., van der Velde, Y., Rocher-Ros, G., Mörth,
C.-M., and Giesler, R.: Lessons learned from monitoring the stable water
isotopic variability in precipitation and streamflow across a snow-dominated
subarctic catchment, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 50, e1454778,
https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2018.1454778, 2018.
Massoudieh, A., Sharifi, S., and Solomon, D. K.: Bayesian evaluation of
groundwater age distribution using radioactive tracers and anthropogenic
chemicals, Water Resour. Res., 48,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011815, 2012.
Massoudieh, A., Dentz, M., and Alikhani, J.: A spatial Markov model for the
evolution of the joint distribution of groundwater age, arrival time, and
velocity in heterogeneous media, Water Resour. Res., 53, 5495–5515,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020578, 2017.
Maulé, C. P. and Stein, J.: Hydrologic Flow Path Definition and
Partitioning of Spring Meltwater, Water Resour. Res., 26,
2959–2970, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i012p02959, 1990.
McDonnell, J. J. and Beven, K.: Debates – The future of hydrological
sciences: A (common) path forward? A call to action aimed at understanding
velocities, celerities and residence time distributions of the headwater
hydrograph, Water Resour. Res., 50, 5342–5350,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015141, 2014.
McDonnell, J. J., McGuire, K., Aggarwal, P., Beven, K. J., Biondi, D., Destouni, G., Dunn, S., James, A., Kirchner, J., Kraft, P. J. H. P., and Lyon, S.: How old is streamwater? Open questions in catchment
travel time conceptualization, modelling and analysis, Hydrol.
Process., 24, 1745–1754, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7796, 2010.
McGuire, K. J. and McDonnell, J. J.: A review and evaluation of catchment
transit time modeling, J. Hydrol., 330, 543–563,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.020, 2006.
McGuire, K. J., McDonnell, J. J., Weiler, M., Kendall, C., McGlynn, B. L.,
Welker, J. M., and Seibert, J.: The role of topography on catchment-scale
water residence time, Water Resour. Res., 41, W05002,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003657, 2005.
McGuire, K. J., Weiler, M., and McDonnell, J. J.: Integrating tracer
experiments with modeling to assess runoff processes and water transit
times, Adv. Water Resour., 30, 824–837,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.07.004, 2007.
Morris, D. A. and Johnson, A. I.: Summary of hydrologic and physical properties of rock and soil materials, as analyzed by the hydrologic laboratory of the US Geological Survey, 1948–60, No. 1839-D, US Government Printing Office, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1839D, 1967.
Nyberg, L.: Water flow path interactions with soil hydraulic properties in
till soil at Gårdsjön, Sweden, J. Hydrol., 170,
255–275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02667-Z,
1995.
Peralta-Tapia, A., Sponseller, R. A., Ågren, A., Tetzlaff, D., Soulsby,
C., and Laudon, H.: Scale-dependent groundwater contributions influence
patterns of winter baseflow stream chemistry in boreal catchments, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 847–858,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002878, 2015.
Peralta-Tapia, A., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D., Sponseller, R., Bishop, K.,
and Laudon, H.: Hydroclimatic influences on non-stationary travel time
distributions in a boreal headwater catchment, J. Hydrol., 543, 7–16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.079, 2016.
Peters, N. E., Burns, D. A., and Aulenbach, B. T.: Evaluation of High-Frequency
Mean Streamwater Transit-Time Estimates Using Groundwater Age and Dissolved
Silica Concentrations in a Small Forested Watershed, Aquat. Geochem., 20,
183–202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9207-6, 2014.
Rahim, B. E. A., Yusoff, I., Jafri, A. M., Othman, Z., and Abdul Ghani, A.:
Application of MIKE SHE modelling system to set up a detailed water balance
computation, Water Environ. J., 26, 490–503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2012.00309.x, 2012.
Remondi, F., Kirchner, J. W., Burlando, P., and Fatichi, S.: Water flux
tracking with a distributed hydrological model to quantify controls on the
spatio-temporal variability of transit time distributions, Water Resour.
Res., 54, 3081–3099, 2018.
Rinaldo, A., Beven, K. J., Bertuzzo, E., Nicotina, L., Davies, J., Fiori,
A., Russo, D., and Botter, G.: Catchment travel time distributions and water
flow in soils, Water Resour. Res., 47, W07537, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010478,
2011.
Rodhe, A., Nyberg, L., and Bishop, K.: Transit Times for Water in a Small
Till Catchment from a Step Shift in the Oxygen 18 Content of the Water
Input, Water Resour. Res., 32, 3497–3511,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01806, 1996.
Seibert, J., Rodhe, A., and Bishop, K.: Simulating interactions between
saturated and unsaturated storage in a conceptual runoff model, Hydrol.
Process., 17, 379–390, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1130, 2003.
Seibert, J., Grabs, T., Köhler, S., Laudon, H., Winterdahl, M., and Bishop, K.: Linking soil- and stream-water chemistry based on a Riparian Flow-Concentration Integration Model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2287–2297, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2287-2009, 2009.
Sishodia, R. P., Shukla, S., Graham, W. D., Wani, S. P., Jones, J. W., and
Heaney, J.: Current and future groundwater withdrawals: Effects, management
and energy policy options for a semi-arid Indian watershed, Adv. Water
Resour., 110, 459–475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.05.014,
2017.
Soltani, S. S.: Hydrological Transport in Shallow Catchments: tracer discharge, travel time and water age., PhD diss., KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2017.
Spence, C. and Phillips, R. W.: Refining understanding of hydrological
connectivity in a boreal catchment, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3491–3503,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10270, 2015.
Spence, C., Guan, X. J., and Phillips, R.: The Hydrological Functions of a
Boreal Wetland, Wetlands, 31, 75–85,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-010-0123-x, 2011.
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J., Laudon, H., and Soulsby, C.: Water ages in the critical zone of long-term experimental sites in northern latitudes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3965–3981, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, 2018.
Stockinger, M. P., Bogena, H. R., Lücke, A., Stumpp, C., and Vereecken, H.: Time variability and uncertainty in the fraction of young water in a small headwater catchment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4333–4347, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4333-2019, 2019.
Swedish Geological Survey: Soil depth to bedrock map, available at: https://www.sgu.se/en/products/maps (last access: 18 April 2016), 2016.
Taagepera, R.: Making Social Sciences More Scientific: The Need for
Predictive Models, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534661.001.0001, 2008.
Tetzlaff, D. and Soulsby, C.: Sources of baseflow in larger catchments –
Using tracers to develop a holistic understanding of runoff generation,
J. Hydrol., 359, 287–302, 2008.
Tetzlaff, D., Seibert, J., McGuire, K. J., Laudon, H., Burns, D. A., Dunn,
S. M., and Soulsby, C.: How does landscape structure influence catchment
transit time across different geomorphic provinces?, Hydrol. Process., 23,
945–953, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7240, 2009.
Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J., Carey, S. K., McGuire, K., Laudon, H., and Soulsby,
C.: Tracer based assessment of flow paths, storage and runoff generation in
northern catchments: a review, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3475–3490,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10412, 2015.
Tiwari, T., Buffam, I., Sponseller, R. A., and Laudon, H.: Inferring
scale-dependent processes influencing stream water biogeochemistry from
headwater to sea, Limnology and Oceanography, 62, S58–S70,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10738, 2017.
Tremblay, L., Larocque, M., Anctil, F., and Rivard C.: Teleconnections and
interannual variability in Canadian groundwater levels, J.
Hydrol., 410, 178–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.013, 2011.
Uhlenbrook, S., Frey, M., Leibundgut, C., and Maloszewski, P.: Hydrograph
separations in a mesoscale mountainous basin at event and seasonal
timescales, Water Resour. Res., 38, 14–31,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000938, 2002.
Unlu, E. and Faller, J. F.: Geometric mean vs. Arithmetic mean in
extrusion residence time studies, Polym. Eng. Sci., 41, 743–751,
https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10770, 2001.
van der Velde, Y., Heidbüchel, I., Lyon, S. W., Nyberg, L., Rodhe, A., Bishop,
K., and Troch, P. A.: Consequences of mixing assumptions for time-variable
travel time distributions, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3460–3474, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10372, 2015.
van der Velde, Y., Torfs, P. J. J. F., Zee, S. E. A. T. M., and Uijlenhoet,
R.: Quantifying catchment-scale mixing and its effect on time-varying travel
time distributions, Water Resour. Res., 48, W06536,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011310, 2012.
von Freyberg, J., Allen, S. T., Seeger, S., Weiler, M., and Kirchner, J. W.: Sensitivity of young water fractions to hydro-climatic forcing and landscape properties across 22 Swiss catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3841–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3841-2018, 2018.
Wang, L., van Meerveld, H. J., and Seibert, J.: When should stream water be
sampled to be most informative for event-based, multi-criteria model
calibration?, Hydrol. Res., 48, 1566–1584, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.197, 2017.
Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Sun, G., Strauss, P., Guo, J., Tang, Y., and Yao, A.: Multi-site calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis of the MIKE SHE Model for a large watershed in northern China, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4621–4632, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4621-2012, 2012.
Wijesekara, G. N., Farjad, B., Gupta, A., Qiao, Y., Delaney, P., and Marceau,
D. J.: A Comprehensive Land-Use/Hydrological Modeling System for Scenario
Simulations in the Elbow River Watershed, Alberta, Canada, Environ. Manage.,
53, 357–381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0220-8, 2014.
Wolock, D. M., Fan, J., and Lawrence, G. B.: Effects of basin size on
low-flow stream chemistry and subsurface contact time in the Neversink River
watershed, New York, Hydrol. Process., 11, 1273–1286,
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1273::AID-HYP557>3.0.CO;2-S, 1997.
Yang, J., Heidbüchel, I., Musolff, A., Reinstorf, F., and Fleckenstein,
J. H.: Exploring the dynamics of transit times and subsurface mixing in a
small agricultural catchment, Water Resour. Res., 54, 2317–2335,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021896, 2018.
Zhang, C. and Zhang, S.: A robust-symmetric mean: A new way of mean calculation
for environmental data, GeoJournal, 40, 209–212,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222547, 1996.
Zimmer, M. A., Bailey, S. W., McGuire, K. J., and Bullen, T. D.: Fine scale
variations of surface water chemistry in an ephemeral to perennial drainage
network, Hydrol. Process., 27, 3438–3451,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9449, 2012.
Short summary
A numerical model was used to estimate annual and seasonal mean travel times across 14 long-term nested monitored catchments in the boreal region. The estimated travel times and young water fractions were consistent with observed variations of base cation concentration and stable water isotopes, δ18O. Soil type was the most important factor regulating the variation in mean travel times among sub-catchments, while the areal coverage of mires increased the young water fraction.
A numerical model was used to estimate annual and seasonal mean travel times across 14 long-term...
