Articles | Volume 24, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 29 Oct 2020
| 29 Oct 2020
Dynamic mechanism of an extremely severe saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang estuary in February 2014
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Xinyue Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Linjiang Li
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Jinghua Gu
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Hanghang Lyu
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Yang Feng, Dimitris Menemenlis, Huijie Xue, Hong Zhang, Dustin Carroll, Yan Du, and Hui Wu
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1801–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1801-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1801-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Simulation of coastal plume regions was improved in global ECCOv4 with a series of sensitivity tests. We find modeled SSS is closer to SMAP when using daily point-source runoff as well as increasing the resolution from coarse to intermediate. The plume characteristics, freshwater transport, and critical water properties are modified greatly. But this may not happen with a further increase to high resolution. The study will advance the seamless modeling of land–ocean–atmosphere feedback in ESMs.
Related subject area
Subject: Coasts and Estuaries | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Coastal topography and hydrogeology control critical groundwater gradients and potential beach surface instability during storm surges
Effect of tides on river water behavior over the eastern shelf seas of China
Extreme precipitation events induce high fluxes of groundwater and associated nutrients to coastal ocean
Temporally resolved coastal hypoxia forecasting and uncertainty assessment via Bayesian mechanistic modeling
Assessing the dependence structure between oceanographic, fluvial, and pluvial flooding drivers along the United States coastline
Statistical modelling and climate variability of compound surge and precipitation events in a managed water system: a case study in the Netherlands
Estimating the probability of compound floods in estuarine regions
Accretion, retreat and transgression of coastal wetlands experiencing sea-level rise
Climate change overtakes coastal engineering as the dominant driver of hydrological change in a large shallow lagoon
A novel approach for the assessment of morphological evolution based on observed water levels in tide-dominated estuaries
Seasonal behaviour of tidal damping and residual water level slope in the Yangtze River estuary: identifying the critical position and river discharge for maximum tidal damping
Sediment budget analysis of the Guayas River using a process-based model
Multivariate statistical modelling of compound events via pair-copula constructions: analysis of floods in Ravenna (Italy)
Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of 2015
Linking biogeochemistry to hydro-geometrical variability in tidal estuaries: a generic modeling approach
Impact of the Three Gorges Dam, the South–North Water Transfer Project and water abstractions on the duration and intensity of salt intrusions in the Yangtze River estuary
A 2-D process-based model for suspended sediment dynamics: a first step towards ecological modeling
Revised predictive equations for salt intrusion modelling in estuaries
Impact of the Hoa Binh dam (Vietnam) on water and sediment budgets in the Red River basin and delta
Large-scale suspended sediment transport and sediment deposition in the Mekong Delta
Hydrodynamic controls on oxygen dynamics in a riverine salt wedge estuary, the Yarra River estuary, Australia
Assessing hydrological effects of human interventions on coastal systems: numerical applications to the Venice Lagoon
Environmental flow assessments in estuaries based on an integrated multi-objective method
Modelling climate change effects on a Dutch coastal groundwater system using airborne electromagnetic measurements
An analytical solution for tidal propagation in the Yangtze Estuary, China
Understanding and managing the Westerschelde – synchronizing the physical system and the management system of a complex estuary
Anner Paldor, Nina Stark, Matthew Florence, Britt Raubenheimer, Steve Elgar, Rachel Housego, Ryan S. Frederiks, and Holly A. Michael
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5987–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean surges can impact the stability of beaches by changing the hydraulic regime. These surge-induced changes in the hydraulic regime have important implications for coastal engineering and for beach morphology. This work uses 3D computer simulations to study how these alterations vary in space and time. We find that certain areas along and across the beach are potentially more vulnerable than others and that previous assumptions regarding the most dangerous places may need to be revised.
Lei Lin, Hao Liu, Xiaomeng Huang, Qingjun Fu, and Xinyu Guo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5207–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5207-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earth system (climate) model is an important instrument for projecting the global water cycle and climate change, in which tides are commonly excluded due to the much small timescales compared to the climate. However, we found that tides significantly impact the river water transport pathways, transport timescales, and concentrations in shelf seas. Thus, the tidal effect should be carefully considered in earth system models to accurately project the global water and biogeochemical cycle.
Marc Diego-Feliu, Valentí Rodellas, Aaron Alorda-Kleinglass, Maarten Saaltink, Albert Folch, and Jordi Garcia-Orellana
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4619–4635, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainwater infiltrates aquifers and travels a long subsurface journey towards the ocean where it eventually enters below sea level. In its path towards the sea, water becomes enriched in many compounds that are naturally or artificially present within soils and sediments. We demonstrate that extreme rainfall events may significantly increase the inflow of water to the ocean, thereby increasing the supply of these compounds that are fundamental for the sustainability of coastal ecosystems.
Alexey Katin, Dario Del Giudice, and Daniel R. Obenour
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1131–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1131-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) occur almost every summer in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Here, we present a new approach for forecasting hypoxia from June through September, leveraging a process-based model and an advanced statistical framework. We also show how using spring hydrometeorological information can improve forecast accuracy while reducing uncertainties. The proposed forecasting system shows the potential to support the management of threatened coastal ecosystems and fisheries.
Ahmed A. Nasr, Thomas Wahl, Md Mamunur Rashid, Paula Camus, and Ivan D. Haigh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6203–6222, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6203-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse dependences between different flooding drivers around the USA coastline, where the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern and southwestern coasts are regions of high dependence between flooding drivers. Dependence is higher during the tropical season in the Gulf and at some locations on the East Coast but higher during the extratropical season on the West Coast. The analysis gives new insights on locations, driver combinations, and the time of the year when compound flooding is likely.
Víctor M. Santos, Mercè Casas-Prat, Benjamin Poschlod, Elisa Ragno, Bart van den Hurk, Zengchao Hao, Tímea Kalmár, Lianhua Zhu, and Husain Najafi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3595–3615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an application of multivariate statistical models to assess compound flooding events in a managed reservoir. Data (from a previous study) were obtained from a physical-based hydrological model driven by a regional climate model large ensemble, providing a time series expanding up to 800 years in length that ensures stable statistics. The length of the data set allows for a sensitivity assessment of the proposed statistical framework to natural climate variability.
Wenyan Wu, Seth Westra, and Michael Leonard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2821–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2821-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2821-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Flood probability estimation is important for applications such as land use planning, reservoir operation, infrastructure design and safety assessments. However, it is a challenging task, especially in estuarine areas where floods are caused by both intense rainfall and storm surge. This study provides a review of approaches to flood probability estimation in these areas. Based on analysis of a real-world river system, guidance on method selection is provided.
Angelo Breda, Patricia M. Saco, Steven G. Sandi, Neil Saintilan, Gerardo Riccardi, and José F. Rodríguez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We study accretion, retreat and transgression of mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands affected by sea-level rise (SLR) using simulations on typical configurations with different levels of tidal obstruction. Interactions and feedbacks between flow, sediment deposition, vegetation migration and soil accretion result in wetlands not surviving the predicted high-emission scenario SLR, despite dramatic increases in sediment supply. Previous simplified models overpredict wetland resilience to SLR.
Peisheng Huang, Karl Hennig, Jatin Kala, Julia Andrys, and Matthew R. Hipsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5673–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our results conclude that the climate change in the past decades has a remarkable effect on the hydrology of a large shallow lagoon with the same magnitude as that caused by the opening of an artificial channel, and it also highlighted the complexity of their interactions. We suggested that the consideration of the projected drying trend is essential in designing management plans associated with planning for environmental water provision and setting water quality loading targets.
Huayang Cai, Ping Zhang, Erwan Garel, Pascal Matte, Shuai Hu, Feng Liu, and Qingshu Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1871–1889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the morphological changes in estuaries due to natural processes and human interventions is especially important with regard to sustainable water management and ecological impacts on the estuarine environment. In this contribution, we explore the morphological evolution in tide-dominated estuaries by means of a novel analytical approach using the observed water levels along the channel. The method could serve as a useful tool to understand the evolution of estuarine morphology.
Huayang Cai, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Erwan Garel, Xianyi Zhang, Leicheng Guo, Min Zhang, Feng Liu, and Qingshu Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2779–2794, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2779-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2779-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Tide–river dynamics play an essential role in large-scale river deltas as they exert a tremendous impact on delta morphodynamics, salt intrusion and deltaic ecosystems. For the first time, we illustrate that there is a critical river discharge, beyond which tidal damping is reduced with increasing river discharge, and we explore the underlying mechanism using an analytical model. The results are useful for guiding sustainable water management and sediment transport in tidal rivers.
Pedro D. Barrera Crespo, Erik Mosselman, Alessio Giardino, Anke Becker, Willem Ottevanger, Mohamed Nabi, and Mijail Arias-Hidalgo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2763–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2763-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2763-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Guayaquil, the commercial capital of Ecuador, is located along the Guayas River. The city is among the most vulnerable cities to future flooding ascribed to climate change. Fluvial sedimentation is seen as one of the factors contributing to flooding. This paper describes the dominant processes in the river and the effects of past interventions in the overall sediment budget. This is essential to plan and design effective mitigation measures to face the latent risk that threatens Guayaquil.
Emanuele Bevacqua, Douglas Maraun, Ingrid Hobæk Haff, Martin Widmann, and Mathieu Vrac
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2701–2723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2701-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2701-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a conceptual model to quantify the risk of compound events (CEs), i.e. extreme impacts to society which are driven by statistically dependent climatic variables. Based on this model we study compound floods, i.e. joint storm surge and high river level, in Ravenna (Italy). The model includes meteorological predictors which (1) provide insight into the physical processes underlying CEs, as well as into the temporal variability, and (2) allow us to statistically downscale CEs.
Soufiane Haddout, Mohammed Igouzal, and Abdellatif Maslouhi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3923–3945, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3923-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3923-2016, 2016
Chiara Volta, Goulven Gildas Laruelle, Sandra Arndt, and Pierre Regnier
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 991–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-991-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-991-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A generic estuarine model is applied to three idealized tidal estuaries representing the main hydro-geometrical estuarine classes. The study provides insight into the estuarine biogeochemical dynamics, in particular the air-water CO2/sub> flux, as well as the potential response to future environmental changes and to uncertainties in model parameter values. We believe that our approach could help improving upscaling strategies to better integrate estuaries in regional/global biogeochemical studies.
M. Webber, M. T. Li, J. Chen, B. Finlayson, D. Chen, Z. Y. Chen, M. Wang, and J. Barnett
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4411–4425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4411-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4411-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper demonstrates a method for calculating the probability of long-duration salt intrusions in the Yangtze Estuary and examines the impact of the Three Gorges Dam, the South-North Water Transfer Project and local abstractions on that probability. The relationship between river discharge and the intensity and duration of saline intrusions is shown to be probabilistic and continuous. That probability has more than doubled under the normal operating rules for those projects.
F. M. Achete, M. van der Wegen, D. Roelvink, and B. Jaffe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2837–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2837-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2837-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) levels are important indicator for the ecology of estuaries. Observations of SSC are difficult to make, therefore we revert to coupled 2-D hydrodynamic-sediment process-based transport models to make predictions in time (seasonal and yearly) and space (meters to kilometers). This paper presents calibration/validation of SSC for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and translates SSC to turbidity in order to couple with ecology models.
J. I. A. Gisen, H. H. G. Savenije, and R. C. Nijzink
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2791–2803, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2791-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2791-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We revised the predictive equations for two calibrated parameters in salt intrusion model (the Van der Burgh coefficient K and dispersion coefficient D) using an extended database of 89 salinity profiles including 8 newly conducted salinity measurements. The revised predictive equations consist of easily measured parameters such as the geometry of estuary, tide, friction and the Richardson number. These equations are useful in obtaining the first estimate of salinity distribution in an estuary.
V. D. Vinh, S. Ouillon, T. D. Thanh, and L. V. Chu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3987–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3987-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3987-2014, 2014
N. V. Manh, N. V. Dung, N. N. Hung, B. Merz, and H. Apel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3033–3053, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3033-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3033-2014, 2014
L. C. Bruce, P. L. M. Cook, I. Teakle, and M. R. Hipsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1397–1411, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1397-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1397-2014, 2014
C. Ferrarin, M. Ghezzo, G. Umgiesser, D. Tagliapietra, E. Camatti, L. Zaggia, and A. Sarretta
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1733–1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1733-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1733-2013, 2013
T. Sun, J. Xu, and Z. F. Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 751–760, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-751-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-751-2013, 2013
M. Faneca Sànchez, J. L. Gunnink, E. S. van Baaren, G. H. P. Oude Essink, B. Siemon, E. Auken, W. Elderhorst, and P. G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4499–4516, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4499-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4499-2012, 2012
E. F. Zhang, H. H. G. Savenije, S. L. Chen, and X. H. Mao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3327–3339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3327-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3327-2012, 2012
A. van Buuren, L. Gerrits, and G. R. Teisman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2243–2257, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2243-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2243-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Aristizábal, M. F. and Chant, R. J.: An observational study of salt
fluxes in Delaware Bay, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 2751–2768, 2015.
Blumberg, A. F.: A primer for ECOM-si, Technical Report of HydroQual,
Mahwah, New Jersey, 66 pp., 1994.
Changjiang Water Resources Commission: Changjiang River Basin Real-Time
Water Regimen, available at: http://www.cjh.com.cn/sssqcwww.html, last access: 30 June 2014 (updated daily).
Chen, C., Zhu, J., Ralph, E., Green, S. A., Budd, J. W., and Zhang, F. Y.: Prognostic modeling studies of the Keweenaw Current in Lake Superior, Part I: formation and evolution, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 379–395, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0379:PMSOTK>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Chen, C. S., Zhu, J. R., Zheng, L. Y., Ralph, E., and Budd, J. W.: A
non-orthogonal primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model:
application to Lake Superior, J. Great Lakes Res., 30, 41–54, 2004.
Chen, Q., Zhu, J. R., Lyu, H. H., and Chen, S. L.: Determining Critical
River Discharge as a Means to Provide Water Supply Water Security to the
Changjiang River Estuary, China, J. Coastal Res., 35, 1087–1094, 2019a.
Chen, Q., Zhu, J. R., Lyu, H. H., Pan, S. Q., and Chen, S. L.: Impacts of
topography change in the recent ten years on saltwater intrusion in the
Changjiang Estuary, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 231, 1–17, 2019b.
Chen, S. N. and Sanford, L. P.: Axial wind effects on stratification and
longitudinal salt transport in an idealized, partially mixed estuary,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 1905–1920, 2009.
Ding, L., Dou, X. P., Gao, X. Y., Jiao, J., and Hu, J.: Response of salinity
intrusion to winds in the Yangtze Estuary, Proceedings of 5th International
Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, CHE2017, 241–247, 2017.
Duran-Matute, M., Gerkema, T., and Sassi, M. G.: Quantifying the residual
volume transport through a multiple-inlet system in response to wind
forcing: The case of the western Dutch Wadden Sea, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 12, 8888–8903, 2016.
Geyer, W. R.: The importance of suppression of turbulence by stratification
on the estuarine turbidity maximum, Estuaries Coasts, 16, 113–125, 1993.
Giddings, S. N. and MacCready, P.: Reverse Estuarine Circulation Due to
Local and Remote Wind Forcing, Enhanced by the Presence of Along-Coast
Estuaries, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 10184–10205, 2017.
Gu, Y. L., Wu, S. P., and Le, Q.: The impact of North Branch saltwater
intrusion on water source in Changjiang Estuary, Yangtze River, 34, 1–3,
2003 (in Chinese).
Li, L., Zhu, J. R., Wu, H., and Wang, B.: A numerical study on the water
diversion ratio of the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season, Chin. J.
Oceanol. Limn., 28, 700–712, 2010.
Li, L., Zhu, J. R., and Wu, H.: Impacts of wind stress on saltwater
intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary, Sci. China Earth Sci., 55, 1178–1192,
2012.
Li, L., Zhu, J. R., Wu, H., and Guo, Z. G.: Lateral saltwater intrusion in
the North Channel of the Changjiang Estuary, Estuaries Coasts, 37,
36–55, 2014.
Luo, X. F. and Chen, Z. C.: Numerical simulation study of effect of runoff
and tide on the Changjiang River mouth saltwater intrusion, Coast. Eng.,
24, 1–6, 2005 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lyu, H. H. and Zhu, J. R.: Impact of the bottom drag coefficient on
saltwater intrusion in the extremely shallow estuary, J. Hydrol., 557,
838–850, 2018.
NaoTide: NAO.99b tidal prediction system. Ocean Tide Models Developed by
Assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data into Hydrodynamical Model: A
Global Model and a Regional Model Around Japan, available at:
https://www.miz.nao.ac.jp/staffs/nao99/ (last access: 10 July 2018), 2004.
NCEP/QSCAT: National Weather Service National Centers for Environmental
Prediction, available at: https://www.ncep.noaa.gov (last access: 5 August 2019), 2014.
Pritchard, D. W.: The dynamic structure of a coastal plain estuary, J.
Marine Res., 15, 33–42, 1956.
Prandle, D.: On salinity regimes and the vertical structure of residual
flows in narrow tidal estuaries, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 20, 615–635,
1985.
Prandle, D. and Lane, A.: Sensitivity of estuaries to sea level rise:
vulnerability indices, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 160, 60–68, 2015.
Qiu, C. and Zhu, J. R.: Assessing the influence of sea level rise on salt
transport processes and estuarine circulation in the Changjiang River
estuary, J. Coastal Res., 31, 661–670, 2015.
Qiu, C., Zhu, J. R., and Gu, Y. L.: Impact of seasonal tide variation on
saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River estuary, Chin. J. Oceanol.
Limn., 30, 342–351, 2012.
Shen, H. T., Mao, Z. C., and Zhu, J. R.: Saltwater intrusion in the
Changjiang Estuary, Beijing, China Ocean, 2003 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Simpson, J. H. and Hunter, J. R.: Fronts in the Irish Sea, Nature, 250,
404–406, 1974.
Simpson, J. H., Brown, J., Matthews, J., and Allen, G.: Tidal straining,
density currents, and stirring in the control of estuarine stratification,
Estuaries, 13, 125–132, 1990.
Song, Z. Y. and Mao, L. H.: The study of saltwater intrusion in the
Changjiang Estuary, Water Resour. Protec., 3, 27–30, 2002 (in Chinese).
Wu, H. and Zhu, J. R.: Advection scheme with 3rd high-order spatial
interpolation at the middle temporal level and its application to saltwater
intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary, Ocean Model., 33, 33–51, 2010.
Wu, H., Zhu, J. R., Chen, B. R., and Chen, Y. Z.: Quantitative relationship
of runoff and tide to saltwater spilling over from the North Branch in the
Changjiang Estuary: A numerical study, Estuar. Coast. Shelf. S., 69,
125–132, 2006.
Wu, H., Zhu, J. R., and Choi, B. H.: Links between saltwater intrusion and
subtidal circulation in the Changjiang Estuary: a model-guided study, Cont.
Shelf Res., 30, 1891–1905, 2010.
Wu, H., Zhu, J. R., Shen, J., and Wang, H.: Tidal modulation on the
Changjiang River plume in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 192–197, 2011.
Xue, P. F., Chen, C. S., Ding, P. X., Beardsley, R. C., Lin, H. C., Ge, J.
Z., and Kong, Y. Z.: Saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River: A
model-guided mechanism study, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C02006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC004831, 2009.
Zhang, E, Gao, S, Savenije, H. H. G., Si, C., and Cao, S: Saline water
intrusion in relation to strong winds during winter cold outbreaks: North
Branch of the Yangtze Estuary, J. Hydrol., 574, 1099–1109, 2019.
Zhu, J.: Saltwater Intrusion, figshare, Collection, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5114444.v1, 2020.
Zhu, J. R., Gu, Y. L., and Wu, H.: Determination of the period not suitable
for taking domestic water supply to the Qingcaosha Reservoir near Changjiang
River Estuary, Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 44, 1138–1145, 2013.
Zhu, J. R., Wu, H., and Li, L.: Hydrodynamics of the Changjiang Estuary and
Adjacent Seas, In Ecological Continuum from the Changjiang (Yangtze River)
Watersheds to the East China Sea Continental Margin, 19–45, Springer
International Publishing,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16339-0_2, 2015.
Short summary
An extremely severe saltwater intrusion event occurred in February 2014 in the Changjiang estuary and seriously influenced the water intake of the reservoir. For the event cause and for freshwater safety, the dynamic mechanism was studied with observed data and a numerical model. The results indicated that this event was caused by a persistent and strong northerly wind, which formed a horizontal estuarine circulation, surpassed seaward runoff and drove highly saline water into the estuary.
An extremely severe saltwater intrusion event occurred in February 2014 in the Changjiang...
