Articles | Volume 24, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3539-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3539-2020
Research article
 | 
15 Jul 2020
Research article |  | 15 Jul 2020

Combining resistivity and frequency domain electromagnetic methods to investigate submarine groundwater discharge in the littoral zone

Marieke Paepen, Daan Hanssens, Philippe De Smedt, Kristine Walraevens, and Thomas Hermans

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Cited articles

Archie, G. E.: The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics, T. AIME, 146, 54–62, https://doi.org/10.2118/942054-G, 1942. 
Burnett, B., Bokuniewicz, H., Huettel, M., Moore, W. S., and Taniguchi, M.: Groundwater and pore water inputs to the coastal zone, Biogeochemistry, 66, 3–33, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006066.21240.53, 2003. 
Burnett, W. C. and Dulaiova, H.: Estimating the dynamics of groundwater input into the coastal zone via continuous radon-222 measurements, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 69, 21–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00084-5, 2003. 
Callegary, J. B., Ferré, T. P. A., and Groom, R. W.: Vertical Spatial Sensitivity and Exploration Depth of Low-Induction-Number Electromagnetic-Induction Instruments, Vadose Zone J., 6, 158–167, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0120, 2007. 
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Short summary
Fresh groundwater can flow to oceans and seas, possibly adding nutrients and pollutants to coastal ecosystems. For the first time, three complementary (salinity-sensitive) geophysical methods are combined to delineate the outflow in a very dynamic coastal environment. This provides temporal and spatial information on the salt- and freshwater distribution on land, in the intertidal zone, and offshore and visualizes the fresh-groundwater discharge around the low-water line at De Westhoek, Belgium.