Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-115-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-115-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Jan 2020
Research article |
| 10 Jan 2020
| 10 Jan 2020
Stream temperature and discharge evolution in Switzerland over the last 50 years: annual and seasonal behaviour
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, Switzerland
Tristan Brauchli
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Centre de Recherche sur l'Environnement Alpin (CREALP), Sion, Switzerland
Michael Lehning
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, Switzerland
Bettina Schaefli
Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Hendrik Huwald
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, Switzerland
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Moctar Dembélé, Mathieu Vrac, Natalie Ceperley, Sander J. Zwart, Josh Larsen, Simon J. Dadson, Grégoire Mariéthoz, and Bettina Schaefli
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Moctar Dembélé, Bettina Schaefli, Nick van de Giesen, and Grégoire Mariéthoz
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Benjamin Walter, Hendrik Huwald, Josué Gehring, Yves Bühler, and Michael Lehning
The Cryosphere, 14, 1779–1794, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1779-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1779-2020, 2020
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We applied a horizontally mounted low-cost precipitation radar to measure velocities, frequency of occurrence, travel distances and turbulence characteristics of blowing snow off a mountain ridge. Our analysis provides a first insight into the potential of radar measurements for determining blowing snow characteristics, improves our understanding of mountain ridge blowing snow events and serves as a valuable data basis for validating coupled numerical weather and snowpack simulations.
Harsh Beria, Joshua R. Larsen, Anthony Michelon, Natalie C. Ceperley, and Bettina Schaefli
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2433–2450, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2433-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2433-2020, 2020
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Anthony Michelon, Lionel Benoit, Harsh Beria, Natalie Ceperley, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-683, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Rainfall observation remains a challenge particularly in mountain environments. Unlike most studies which are model based, this analysis of the rainfall-runoff response of a 13.4 km2 alpine catchment is purely data-based and rely on measures from a network of 12 low-cost raingauges over 3 months. It assesses the importance of high-density rainfall observations to inform hydrological processes and help to design a permanent raingauge network.
Elvira Mächler, Anham Salyani, Jean-Claude Walser, Annegret Larsen, Bettina Schaefli, Florian Altermatt, and Natalie Ceperley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-551, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-551, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We explored what genetic material collected from water (eDNA) tells us about the flow of mountain streams, which are particularly valuable for habitat and water resources, but highly variable. We saw that when flow increased, more diverse eDNA was transported, especially in the main channel and tributaries. Whereas in the springs, we saw more diverse eDNA when the electrical conductivity of the water increased, likely indicating more underground surface contact.
James M. Thornton, Gregoire Mariethoz, Tristan J. Brauchli, and Philip Brunner
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-181, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-181, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Meltwater runoff from steep mountainous terrain holds great societal and ecological importance. Predicting snow dynamics in unmonitored areas and/or under changed climate requires computer simulations. Yet variability in alpine snow patterns poses a considerable challenge. Here we combine existing tools with high-resolution observations to both constrain and quantify the uncertainty in historical simulations. Snowpack evolution was satisfactorily reproduced and uncertainty substantially reduced.
Ana Clara Santos, Maria Manuela Portela, Andrea Rinaldo, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2377–2389, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2377-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2377-2018, 2018
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This paper makes a rather exhaustive overview of current knowledge of past, current, and future aspects of cryospheric issues in continental Europe and makes a number of reflections of areas of uncertainty requiring more attention in both scientific and policy terms. The review paper is completed by a bibliography containing 350 recent references that will certainly be of value to scholars engaged in the fields of glacier, snow, and permafrost research.
Aurélien Gallice, Mathias Bavay, Tristan Brauchli, Francesco Comola, Michael Lehning, and Hendrik Huwald
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 4491–4519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4491-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4491-2016, 2016
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This paper presents the improvements brought to an existing model for discharge and temperature prediction in Alpine streams. Compared to the original model version, it is now possible to choose between various alternatives to simulate certain parts of the water cycle, such as the technique used to transfer water along the stream network. The paper includes an example of application of the model over an Alpine catchment in Switzerland.
A. Gallice, B. Schaefli, M. Lehning, M. B. Parlange, and H. Huwald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3727–3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, 2015
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This study presents a new model to estimate the monthly mean stream temperature of ungauged rivers over multiple years in an Alpine country. Contrary to the other approaches developed to date, which are usually based on standard regression techniques, our model makes use of the understanding that we have about the physics controlling stream temperature. On top of its accuracy being comparable to that of the other models, it can be used to gain some knowledge about the stream temperature dynamics
I. Gouttevin, M. Lehning, T. Jonas, D. Gustafsson, and M. Mölder
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2379–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2379-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2379-2015, 2015
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We improve the canopy module of a very detailed snow model, SNOWPACK, with a view of a more consistent representation of the sub-canopy energy balance with regard to the snowpack.
We show that adding a formulation of (i) the canopy heat capacity and (ii) a lowermost canopy layer (alike trunk + solar shaded leaves) yields significant improvement in the representation of sub-canopy incoming long-wave radiations, especially at nighttime. This energy is an important contributor to snowmelt.
B. Schaefli, L. Nicótina, C. Imfeld, P. Da Ronco, E. Bertuzzo, and A. Rinaldo
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2733–2746, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2733-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2733-2014, 2014
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This paper presents the Spatially Explicit Hydrologic Response of the Laboratory of Ecohydrology of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne for hydrologic simulation at the catchment scale. It simulates the mobilization of water at the subcatchment scale and the transport to the outlet through a convolution with the river network. We discuss the parameter estimation and model performance for discharge simulation in the high Alpine Dischmabach catchment (Switzerland).
Related subject area
Subject: Rivers and Lakes | Techniques and Approaches: Mathematical applications
GRAINet: mapping grain size distributions in river beds from UAV images with convolutional neural networks
A wavelet-based approach to streamflow event identification and modeled timing error evaluation
Variability in epilimnion depth estimations in lakes
Hydrodynamic and environmental characteristics of a tributary bay influenced by backwater jacking and intrusions from a main reservoir
Automatic identification of alternating morphological units in river channels using wavelet analysis and ridge extraction
Estimating extreme river discharges in Europe through a Bayesian network
KULTURisk regional risk assessment methodology for water-related natural hazards – Part 2: Application to the Zurich case study
Reply to D. L. Peters' Comment on "Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada" by Rasouli et al. (2013)
Temporal and spatial changes of water quality and management strategies of Dianchi Lake in southwest China
A model based on dimensional analysis for prediction of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at the river station Ižkovce, Slovakia
A hybrid model of self organizing maps and least square support vector machine for river flow forecasting
Spatial variability in floodplain sedimentation: the use of generalized linear mixed-effects models
Flood trends and variability in the Mekong river
Nico Lang, Andrea Irniger, Agnieszka Rozniak, Roni Hunziker, Jan Dirk Wegner, and Konrad Schindler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2567–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2567-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2567-2021, 2021
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Grain size analysis is the key to understanding the sediment dynamics of river systems and is an important indicator for mitigating flood risk and preserving biodiversity in aquatic habitats. We propose GRAINet, a data-driven approach based on deep learning, to regress grain size distributions from georeferenced UAV images. This allows for a holistic analysis of entire gravel bars, resulting in robust grading curves and high-resolution maps of spatial grain size distribution at large scale.
Erin Towler and James L. McCreight
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2599–2615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2599-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2599-2021, 2021
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We present a wavelet-based approach to quantify streamflow timing errors for model evaluation and development. We demonstrate the method using real and simulated stream discharge data from several locations. We show how results can be used to identify potential hydrologic processes contributing to the timing errors. Furthermore, we illustrate how the method can document model performance by comparing timing errors across versions of the National Water Model.
Harriet L. Wilson, Ana I. Ayala, Ian D. Jones, Alec Rolston, Don Pierson, Elvira de Eyto, Hans-Peter Grossart, Marie-Elodie Perga, R. Iestyn Woolway, and Eleanor Jennings
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5559–5577, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5559-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5559-2020, 2020
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Lakes are often described in terms of vertical layers. The
epilimnionrefers to the warm surface layer that is homogeneous due to mixing. The depth of the epilimnion can influence air–water exchanges and the vertical distribution of biological variables. We compared various methods for defining the epilimnion layer and found large variability between methods. Certain methods may be better suited for applications such as multi-lake comparison and assessing the impact of climate change.
Xintong Li, Bing Liu, Yuanming Wang, Yongan Yang, Ruifeng Liang, Fangjun Peng, Shudan Xue, Zaixiang Zhu, and Kefeng Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5057–5076, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5057-2020, 2020
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We aim to understand the hydrodynamic and environmental characteristics of a tributary bay influenced by a main reservoir. The results showed that the tributary bay was mainly affected by backwater jacking of the main reservoir when the water level dropped and by intrusion of the main reservoir when the water level rose. An obvious quality concentration boundary existed in the tributary bay. The results of this study can provide guidance for water environment protection in tributary bays.
Mounir Mahdade, Nicolas Le Moine, Roger Moussa, Oldrich Navratil, and Pierre Ribstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3513–3537, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3513-2020, 2020
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We present an automatic procedure based on wavelet ridge extraction to identify some characteristics of alternating morphological units (e.g., pools to riffles). We used four hydro-morphological variables (velocity, hydraulic radius, bed shear stress, local channel direction angle). We find that the wavelengths are consistent with the values of the literature, and the use of a multivariate approach yields more robust results and ensures a consistent covariance of flow variables.
Dominik Paprotny and Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2615–2636, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2615-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2615-2017, 2017
P. Ronco, M. Bullo, S. Torresan, A. Critto, R. Olschewski, M. Zappa, and A. Marcomini
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1561–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1561-2015, 2015
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The aim of the paper is the application of the KULTURisk regional risk assessment (KR-RRA) methodology, presented in the companion paper (Part 1), to the Sihl River basin, in northern Switzerland. Flood-related risks have been assessed for different receptors lying in the Sihl river valley including the city of Zurich, which represents a typical case of river flooding in an urban area, by means of a calibration process of the methodology to the site-specific context and features.
K. Rasouli, M. A. Hernández-Henríquez, and S. J. Déry
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1287–1292, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1287-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1287-2015, 2015
T. Zhang, W. H. Zeng, S. R. Wang, and Z. K. Ni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1493–1502, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1493-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1493-2014, 2014
M. Zeleňáková, M. Čarnogurská, M. Šlezingr, D. Słyś, and P. Purcz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 201–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-201-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-201-2013, 2013
S. Ismail, A. Shabri, and R. Samsudin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4417–4433, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4417-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4417-2012, 2012
A. Cabezas, M. Angulo-Martínez, M. Gonzalez-Sanchís, J. J. Jimenez, and F. A. Comín
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1655–1668, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1655-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1655-2010, 2010
J. M. Delgado, H. Apel, and B. Merz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 407–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-407-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-407-2010, 2010
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Short summary
This study constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of river
temperature in Switzerland combined with discharge and key meteorological variables, such as air temperature and precipitation. It is also the first study to discuss the large-scale seasonal behaviour of stream temperature in Switzerland. This research shows the clear increase of river temperature in Switzerland over the last few decades and may serve as a solid reference for future climate change scenario simulations.
This study constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of river
temperature in Switzerland...
