Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3865-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3865-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 23 Sep 2019
| 23 Sep 2019
The importance of city trees for reducing net rainfall: comparing measurements and simulations
Vincent Smets
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Willy Bauwens
Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Martin Hermy
Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Ben Somers
Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Boud Verbeiren
Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Eva Beele, Maarten Reyniers, Raf Aerts, and Ben Somers
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4681–4717, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4681-2022, 2022
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This paper presents crowdsourced data from the Leuven.cool network, a citizen science network of around 100 low-cost weather stations distributed across Leuven, Belgium. The temperature data have undergone a quality control (QC) and correction procedure. The procedure consists of three levels that remove implausible measurements while also correcting for between-station and station-specific temperature biases.
Buruk Kitachew Wossenyeleh, Kaleb Asnake Worku, Boud Verbeiren, and Marijke Huysmans
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 39–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-39-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-39-2021, 2021
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Droughts are mainly caused by a reduction of precipitation, and they affect both surface and groundwater resources. Drought propagates through the hydrological cycle and may impact vulnerable ecosystems. We investigated drought propagation in the hydrological cycle, focusing on assessing its impact on a groundwater-fed wetland ecosystem in the Doode Bemde wetland in central Belgium. We used a method combining meteorological drought indices, water balance models and groundwater models.
Related subject area
Subject: Water Resources Management | Techniques and Approaches: Instruments and observation techniques
Phosphorus supply and floodplain design govern phosphorus reduction capacity in remediated agricultural streams
Transpiration rates from mature Eucalyptus grandis × E. nitens clonal hybrid and Pinus elliottii plantations near the Two Streams Research Catchment, South Africa
Phenophase-based comparison of field observations to satellite-based actual evaporation estimates of a natural woodland: miombo woodland, southern Africa
Patterns and drivers of water quality changes associated with dams in the Tropical Andes
δ13C, CO2 ∕ 3He and 3He ∕ 4He ratios reveal the presence of mantle gas in the CO2-rich groundwaters of the Ardennes massif (Spa, Belgium)
Advances in the hydraulic interpretation of water wells using flowmeter logs
Continuous monitoring of a soil aquifer treatment system's physico-chemical conditions to optimize operational performance
Building a methodological framework and toolkit for news media dataset tracking of conflict and cooperation dynamics on transboundary rivers
Investigating the environmental response to water harvesting structures: a field study in Tanzania
Small-scale characterization of vine plant root water uptake via 3-D electrical resistivity tomography and mise-à-la-masse method
Hydrogeological controls on spatial patterns of groundwater discharge in peatlands
Monitoring surface water quality using social media in the context of citizen science
Using crowdsourced web content for informing water systems operations in snow-dominated catchments
Learning about water resource sharing through game play
High-resolution monitoring of nutrients in groundwater and surface waters: process understanding, quantification of loads and concentrations, and management applications
Contrasting watershed-scale trends in runoff and sediment yield complicate rangeland water resources planning
The use of semi-structured interviews for the characterisation of farmer irrigation practices
High-frequency monitoring of water fluxes and nutrient loads to assess the effects of controlled drainage on water storage and nutrient transport
Investigating suspended sediment dynamics in contrasting agricultural catchments using ex situ turbidity-based suspended sediment monitoring
Vulnerability of groundwater resources to interaction with river water in a boreal catchment
Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin
Using high-resolution phosphorus data to investigate mitigation measures in headwater river catchments
Comparison of sampling methodologies for nutrient monitoring in streams: uncertainties, costs and implications for mitigation
Geophysical methods to support correct water sampling locations for salt dilution gauging
Water management simulation games and the construction of knowledge
Tracing the spatial propagation of river inlet water into an agricultural polder area using anthropogenic gadolinium
Transboundary geophysical mapping of geological elements and salinity distribution critical for the assessment of future sea water intrusion in response to sea level rise
Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East
Hydrologic feasibility of artificial forestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China
Hydraulic analysis of river training cross-vanes as part of post-restoration monitoring
Modern comprehensive approach to monitor the morphodynamic evolution of a restored river corridor
The effect of physical water quality and water level changes on the occurrence and density of Anopheles mosquito larvae around the shoreline of the Koka reservoir, central Ethiopia
Space-time variability of hydrological drought and wetness in Iran using NCEP/NCAR and GPCC datasets
Relative impacts of key drivers on the response of the water table to a major alley farming experiment
Lukas Hallberg, Faruk Djodjic, and Magdalena Bieroza
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 341–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-341-2024, 2024
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Floodplains can be constructed along agricultural streams with the purpose of increasing water residence time, thereby reducing instream erosion and intercepting nutrient export. In this paper we show how this remediation measure can reduce phosphorus concentrations by up to 30 % through optimized floodplain designs and placement. These reductions were primarily facilitated by protection against erosion rather than by the promotion of deposition on floodplains.
Nkosinathi David Kaptein, Colin S. Everson, Alistair David Clulow, Michele Lynn Toucher, and Ilaria Germishuizen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4467–4484, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4467-2023, 2023
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Water-use studies comparing pine and Eucalyptus are limited. This study used internationally recognized methods to measure water use by Eucalyptus and pine over two seasons. Results showed that, over one season, pine used more water than Eucalyptus, which was contrary to previous long-term studies. However, the Eucalyptus site was found to be water stressed. This study concluded that the observed water stress and reduced transpiration rates must be included in hydrological models.
Henry Zimba, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Kawawa Banda, Bart Schilperoort, Nick van de Giesen, Imasiku Nyambe, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1695–1722, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1695-2023, 2023
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Miombo woodland plants continue to lose water even during the driest part of the year. This appears to be facilitated by the adapted features such as deep rooting (beyond 5 m) with access to deep soil moisture, potentially even ground water. It appears the trend and amount of water that the plants lose is correlated more to the available energy. This loss of water in the dry season by miombo woodland plants appears to be incorrectly captured by satellite-based evaporation estimates.
R. Scott Winton, Silvia López-Casas, Daniel Valencia-Rodríguez, Camilo Bernal-Forero, Juliana Delgado, Bernhard Wehrli, and Luz Jiménez-Segura
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1493–1505, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1493-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1493-2023, 2023
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Dams are an important and rapidly growing means of energy generation in the Tropical Andes of South America. To assess the impacts of dams in the region, we assessed differences in the upstream and downstream water quality of all hydropower dams in Colombia. We found evidence of substantial dam-induced changes in water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and suspended sediments. Dam-induced changes in Colombian waters violate regulations and are likely impacting aquatic life.
Agathe Defourny, Pierre-Henri Blard, Laurent Zimmermann, Patrick Jobé, Arnaud Collignon, Frédéric Nguyen, and Alain Dassargues
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2637–2648, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2637-2022, 2022
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The Belgian city of Spa is known worldwide for its ferruginous and naturally sparkling groundwater springs that gave their name to the bathing tradition commonly called
spa. However, the origin of the dissolved CO2 they contain was still a matter of debate. Thanks to new analysis on groundwater samples, particularly carbon and helium isotopes together with dissolved gases, this study has demonstrated that the volcanic origin of the CO2 is presumably from the neighboring Eifel volcanic fields.
Jesús Díaz-Curiel, Bárbara Biosca, Lucía Arévalo-Lomas, María Jesús Miguel, and Natalia Caparrini
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2617–2636, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2617-2022, 2022
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A methodology is developed for a new hydraulic characterization of continental hydrological basins. For this purpose, the division of wells into flow stretches with different hydraulic behaviour is made according to the results of the flowmeter, supposing that the hypothesis hydraulic heads of the deepest flow stretches of the well do not necessarily match the head shown by the overall well.
Tuvia Turkeltaub, Alex Furman, Ron Mannheim, and Noam Weisbrod
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1565–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1565-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1565-2022, 2022
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The quality control and optimization of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) performance is challenging due to the multiple factors and costs involved. We installed in situ subsurface monitoring sensors that provided continuous high-resolution monitoring of the biochemical and physical conditions of an active SAT system. Data analysis facilitated the determination of the optimal drying and wetting stages, which are critical for suitable SAT management.
Liying Guo, Jing Wei, Keer Zhang, Jiale Wang, and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1165–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1165-2022, 2022
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Data support is crucial for the research of conflict and cooperation on transboundary rivers. Conventional, manual constructions of datasets cannot meet the requirements for fast updates in the big data era. This study brings up a revised methodological framework, based on the conventional method, and a toolkit for the news media dataset tracking of conflict and cooperation dynamics on transboundary rivers. A dataset with good tradeoffs between data relevance and coverage is generated.
Jessica A. Eisma and Venkatesh M. Merwade
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1891–1906, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1891-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1891-2020, 2020
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Sand dams capture and store water for use during the dry season in rural communities. A year long field study of three sand dams in Tanzania showed that sand dams are not a suitable habitat for aquatic insects. They capture plenty of water, but most is evaporated during the first few months of the dry season. Sand dams positively impact vegetation and minimally impact erosion. Community water security can be increased by sand dams, but site characteristics and construction are important factors.
Benjamin Mary, Luca Peruzzo, Jacopo Boaga, Myriam Schmutz, Yuxin Wu, Susan S. Hubbard, and Giorgio Cassiani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5427–5444, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5427-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5427-2018, 2018
Danielle K. Hare, David F. Boutt, William P. Clement, Christine E. Hatch, Glorianna Davenport, and Alex Hackman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6031–6048, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6031-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6031-2017, 2017
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This research examines what processes drive the location and strength of groundwater springs within a peatland environment. Using temperature and geophysical methods, we demonstrate that the relationship between regional groundwater flow gradients and the basin shape below the peatland surface control where groundwater springs occur. Understanding this relationship will support effective restoration efforts, as groundwater spring locations are important to overall peatland function and ecology.
Hang Zheng, Yang Hong, Di Long, and Hua Jing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 949–961, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-949-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-949-2017, 2017
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Do you feel angry if the river in your living place is polluted by industries? Do you want to do something to save your environment? Just log in to http://www.thuhjjc.com and use the Tsinghua Environment Monitoring Platform (TEMP) to photograph the water pollution actives and make your report. This study established a social media platform to monitor and report surface water quality. The effectiveness of the platform was demonstrated by the 324 water quality reports across 30 provinces in China.
Matteo Giuliani, Andrea Castelletti, Roman Fedorov, and Piero Fraternali
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 5049–5062, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-5049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-5049-2016, 2016
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The unprecedented availability of user-generated data on the Web is opening new opportunities for enhancing real-time monitoring and modeling of environmental systems based on data that are public, low-cost, and spatiotemporally dense. In this paper, we contribute a novel crowdsourcing procedure for extracting snow-related information from public web images. The value of the obtained virtual snow indexes is assessed for a real-world water management problem.
Tracy Ewen and Jan Seibert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4079–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4079-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4079-2016, 2016
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Games are an optimal way to teach about water resource sharing, as they allow real-world scenarios to be explored. We look at how games can be used to teach about water resource sharing, by both playing and developing water games. An evaluation of the web-based game Irrigania found Irrigania to be an effective and easy tool to incorporate into curriculum, and a course on developing water games encouraged students to think about water resource sharing in a more critical and insightful way.
Frans C. van Geer, Brian Kronvang, and Hans Peter Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3619–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016, 2016
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The paper includes a review of the current state of high-frequency monitoring in groundwater and surface waters as an outcome of a special issue of HESS and four sessions at EGU on this topic. The focus of the paper is to look at how high-frequency monitoring can be used as a valuable support to assess the management efforts under various EU directives. We conclude that we in future will see a transition from research to implementation in operational monitoring use of high-frequency sensors.
Matthew D. Berg, Franco Marcantonio, Mead A. Allison, Jason McAlister, Bradford P. Wilcox, and William E. Fox
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2295–2307, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2295-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2295-2016, 2016
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Rangelands, from grasslands to woodlands, cover much of the earth. These areas face great pressure to meet growing water needs. Data on large-scale dynamics that drive water planning remain rare. Our watershed-scale results challenge simplistic hydrological assumptions. Streamflow was resilient to dramatic landscape changes. These changes did shape sediment yield, affecting water storage. Understanding these processes is vital to projections of rangeland water resources in a changing world.
Jimmy O'Keeffe, Wouter Buytaert, Ana Mijic, Nicholas Brozović, and Rajiv Sinha
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1911–1924, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1911-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1911-2016, 2016
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Semi-structured interviews provide an effective and efficient way of collecting qualitative and quantitative data on water use practices. Interviews are organised around a topic guide, which helps lead the conversation while allowing sufficient opportunity to identify issues previously unknown to the researcher. The use of semi-structured interviews could significantly and quickly improve insight on water resources, leading to more realistic future management options and increased water security.
J. C. Rozemeijer, A. Visser, W. Borren, M. Winegram, Y. van der Velde, J. Klein, and H. P. Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 347–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, 2016
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Controlled drainage has been recognized as an effective option to optimize soil moisture conditions for agriculture and to reduce unnecessary losses of fresh water and nutrients. For a grassland field in the Netherlands, we measured the changes in the field water and solute balance after introducing controlled drainage. We concluded that controlled drainage reduced the drain discharge and increased the groundwater storage in the field, but did not have clear positive effects for water quality.
S. C. Sherriff, J. S. Rowan, A. R. Melland, P. Jordan, O. Fenton, and D. Ó hUallacháin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3349–3363, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3349-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3349-2015, 2015
A. Rautio, A.-L. Kivimäki, K. Korkka-Niemi, M. Nygård, V.-P. Salonen, K. Lahti, and H. Vahtera
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3015–3032, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3015-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3015-2015, 2015
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Based on low-altitude aerial infrared surveys, around 370 groundwater–surface water interaction sites were located. Longitudinal temperature patterns, stable isotopes and dissolved silica composition of the studied rivers differed. Interaction sites identified in the proximity of 12 municipal water plants during low-flow seasons should be considered as potential risk areas during flood periods and should be taken under consideration in river basin management under changing climatic situations.
A. M. L. Saraiva Okello, I. Masih, S. Uhlenbrook, G. P. W. Jewitt, P. van der Zaag, and E. Riddell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 657–673, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015, 2015
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We studied long-term daily records of rainfall and streamflow of the Incomati River basin in southern Africa. We used statistical analysis and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration tool to describe the spatial and temporal variability flow regime. We found significant declining trends in October flows, and low flow indicators; however, no significant trend was found in rainfall. Land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in streamflow than climatic forces in the basin.
J. M. Campbell, P. Jordan, and J. Arnscheidt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 453–464, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-453-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-453-2015, 2015
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High-resolution phosphorus and flow data were used to gauge the effects of diffuse (soil P) and point source (septic tank system) mitigation measures in two flashy headwater river catchments. Over 4 years the data indicated an overall increase in P concentration in defined high flow ranges and low flow P concentration showed little change. The work indicates fractured responses to catchment management advice and mitigation which were also affected by variations in seasonal hydrometeorology.
J. Audet, L. Martinsen, B. Hasler, H. de Jonge, E. Karydi, N. B. Ovesen, and B. Kronvang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4721–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4721-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4721-2014, 2014
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The mitigation of excess nitrogen and phosphorus in river waters requires costly measures. Therefore it is essential to use reliable monitoring methods to select adequate mitigation strategies. Here we show that more development is needed before passive samplers can be considered as reliable alternative for sampling nutrients in stream. We also showed that although continuous sampling is expensive, its reliability precludes unnecessarily high implementation costs of mitigation measures.
C. Comina, M. Lasagna, D. A. De Luca, and L. Sambuelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3195–3203, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3195-2014, 2014
M. Rusca, J. Heun, and K. Schwartz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2749–2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2749-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2749-2012, 2012
J. Rozemeijer, C. Siderius, M. Verheul, and H. Pomarius
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2405–2415, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2405-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2405-2012, 2012
F. Jørgensen, W. Scheer, S. Thomsen, T. O. Sonnenborg, K. Hinsby, H. Wiederhold, C. Schamper, T. Burschil, B. Roth, R. Kirsch, and E. Auken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1845–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1845-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1845-2012, 2012
J. Lange, S. Husary, A. Gunkel, D. Bastian, and T. Grodek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 715–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-715-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-715-2012, 2012
T. T. Jin, B. J. Fu, G. H. Liu, and Z. Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2519–2530, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2519-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2519-2011, 2011
T. A. Endreny and M. M. Soulman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2119–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2119-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2119-2011, 2011
N. Pasquale, P. Perona, P. Schneider, J. Shrestha, A. Wombacher, and P. Burlando
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1197–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1197-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1197-2011, 2011
B. M. Teklu, H. Tekie, M. McCartney, and S. Kibret
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2595–2603, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2595-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2595-2010, 2010
T. Raziei, I. Bordi, L. S. Pereira, and A. Sutera
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1919–1930, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1919-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1919-2010, 2010
S. L. Noorduijn, K. R. J. Smettem, R. Vogwill, and A. Ghadouani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2095–2104, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2095-2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2095-2009, 2009
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Short summary
The impact of city trees for intercepting rainfall is quantified using measurements and modeling tools. The measurements show that an important amount of rainfall is intercepted, limiting the amount of water reaching the ground. Models are used to extrapolate the measurement results. The performance of two specialized interception models and one water balance model is evaluated. Our results show that the performance of the water balance model is similar to the specialized interception models.
The impact of city trees for intercepting rainfall is quantified using measurements and modeling...
