Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements

Mallast, Ulf; Siebert, Christian

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019

Articles | Volume 23, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019

© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

Environmental changes and hazards in the Dead Sea region (NHESS/ACP/HESS/SE...

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019

© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 23, issue 3

Research article

|

11 Mar 2019

Research article |

| 11 Mar 2019

Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements

Ulf Mallast and Christian Siebert

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Final revised paper (published on 11 Mar 2019)
Supplement to the final revised paper
Preprint (discussion started on 12 Jul 2018)
Supplement to the preprint

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

RC1: 'Review of "Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements"', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Aug 2018
- AC1: 'Reply to Reviewer 1', Ulf Mallast, 30 Sep 2018
RC2: 'Reviewer Comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 23 Aug 2018
- AC2: 'Reply to Reviewer 2', Ulf Mallast, 30 Sep 2018

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

ED: Publish subject to revisions (further review by editor and referees) (15 Oct 2018) by Efrat Morin

AR by Ulf Mallast on behalf of the Authors (05 Dec 2018) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (14 Dec 2018) by Efrat Morin

RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (04 Jan 2019)

Suggestions for revision or reasons for rejection

Introduction Section
-Authors could add some 2017 and 2018 thermal literature to update the section (there have been several recently published SGD thermal papers)
-Page 2 line 10: i.a. is better as i.e
-Page 2 line 14: watch spacing between Boltzman and Law

Section 2.1:
Add a reference for the water level drop of the Dead Sea?
-Page 3 line 11: plural level

Section 2.2
Table 2 reference appears before Table 1 reference
-Lines 5 and 14 are missing the article "the"

Section 3
-Can refer to Fig. 1b in line 3
-Why reference section 2.3 in line 16?
-What is the size of the aluminum reflectors?

Section 3.1
-What is "It" referring to in line 29?

Section 3.2
-What would happen if you increase or decrease your subjectively chosen threshold of <0.0109 in line 31? This is something that should be addressed in section 5.4.

Section 3.3
-Line 18: is the finally plotted product shown in the middle panels of Figures 5 and 6?

Section 3.4
-Page 8 Line 2: Add "the" to the sentence

Section 4
-Page 8 Line 22: Add "the: to the sentence

Section 4.1.1.
-Page 9 Lines 19-20: The first focused SGD spot is labeled as 11/101 in Table 1 and Figure 4 but is advertised as 11/103 in the sentence.

Universal change throughout remaining sections: Spatial variations are reported to 1 decimal place in Table 1 but are usually given as whole numbers in the text. Please be consistent with your precision.

Section 4.3
-Line 16: Sampled should be "Samples"
-Line 26: Spot 10/30 has now appeared in the manuscript with no mention in Figure 1 also follow 10/30 with a comma to separate from 11/121.
Lines 26-28: You have mentioned the low and high values, what is the implication for karst maturity of the intermediate values presented in Table 2 and not mentioned in the text here?

Universal change throughout remaining sections: Volumetric Calculation Sum values are reported to 1 decimal place in Table 2 but are usually given as whole numbers in the text. Please be consistent with your precision.

Section 5.1
-Page 12 Line 22: area should be plural
-Page 13 Lines 8-10: The authors make a good case for how elliptical spots form, but isn't an alternate explanation an elliptical spring opening. This alternate explanation is supported by the statement on page 14 lines 31-32 that says there is a random conduit/network geometry.

Section 5.2
-Page 13 Line 32: Delete the space between 600 and %
-Page 14 Line 1: off should be of

Section 5.3
Page 14 Lines 16-19: I am having a difficult time following this sentence. Please rephrase for clarity.

Section 5.4
-Section heading: Remove space between . and 4

Figure 1:
Last line of caption: observe should be past tense

Figure 5:
Add 20 second significant period to 2nd spot right panel to match other panels of Figures 5 and 6

Figure 6:
Where are the locations of the diffuse SGD spots relative to Figure 1? I didn't find this information in the text or the caption.

Table 2:
-First line of caption "result" should be plural
-There is a decimal alignment issue with the last column of the table
-Focused SGD 10/30 is in the table but not listed in Figure 1.
-Focused SGD 12/381 is in Figure 1 but not listed in the table.

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ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (11 Jan 2019) by Efrat Morin

AR by Ulf Mallast on behalf of the Authors (20 Jan 2019) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (26 Jan 2019) by Efrat Morin

Short summary

Submarine groundwater discharge is highly variable in spatial and temporal terms. With a novel approach using a hovering drone over a predefined location which recorded 670 surface temperatures images over a period of 167 s, we are able to (i) enhance focused SGD patterns otherwise camouflaged by strong lateral flow dynamics, (ii) show size variation of up to 155 % (focused SGD) and 600 % (diffuse SGD), and (iii) reveal short-term periodicity of the order of 20 to 78 s for diffuse SGD.