Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6135-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6135-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Dec 2017
Research article |
| 05 Dec 2017
Performance of the METRIC model in estimating evapotranspiration fluxes over an irrigated field in Saudi Arabia using Landsat-8 images
Rangaswamy Madugundu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
Khalid A. Al-Gaadi
Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
ElKamil Tola
Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdalhaleem A. Hassaballa
Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
Virupakshagouda C. Patil
Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh,
11451, Saudi Arabia
Related subject area
Subject: Water Resources Management | Techniques and Approaches: Remote Sensing and GIS
The development of an operational system for estimating irrigation water use reveals socio-political dynamics in Ukraine
An inter-comparison of approaches and frameworks to quantify irrigation from satellite data
The Wetland Intrinsic Potential tool: mapping wetland intrinsic potential through machine learning of multi-scale remote sensing proxies of wetland indicators
Technical note: NASAaccess – a tool for access, reformatting, and visualization of remotely sensed earth observation and climate data
Monitoring the combined effects of drought and salinity stress on crops using remote sensing in the Netherlands
A framework for irrigation performance assessment using WaPOR data: the case of a sugarcane estate in Mozambique
Satellite observations reveal 13 years of reservoir filling strategies, operating rules, and hydrological alterations in the Upper Mekong River basin
Satellite soil moisture data assimilation for improved operational continental water balance prediction
Mapping groundwater abstractions from irrigated agriculture: big data, inverse modeling, and a satellite–model fusion approach
Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry with mass-market sensors as a solution for soil moisture monitoring
Can we trust remote sensing evapotranspiration products over Africa?
Influence of multi-decadal land use, irrigation practices and climate on riparian corridors across the Upper Missouri River headwaters basin, Montana
Developing GIS-based water poverty and rainwater harvesting suitability maps for domestic use in the Dead Sea region (West Bank, Palestine)
Estimating daily evapotranspiration based on a model of evaporative fraction (EF) for mixed pixels
Estimating irrigation water use over the contiguous United States by combining satellite and reanalysis soil moisture data
A conceptual model of organochlorine fate from a combined analysis of spatial and mid- to long-term trends of surface and ground water contamination in tropical areas (FWI)
Spatio-temporal assessment of annual water balance models for upper Ganga Basin
Population growth, land use and land cover transformations, and water quality nexus in the Upper Ganga River basin
Wetlands inform how climate extremes influence surface water expansion and contraction
Participatory flood vulnerability assessment: a multi-criteria approach
Monitoring small reservoirs' storage with satellite remote sensing in inaccessible areas
The predictability of reported drought events and impacts in the Ebro Basin using six different remote sensing data sets
A multi-sensor data-driven methodology for all-sky passive microwave inundation retrieval
Effect of the revisit interval and temporal upscaling methods on the accuracy of remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates
Downstream ecosystem responses to middle reach regulation of river discharge in the Heihe River Basin, China
Combining satellite observations to develop a global soil moisture product for near-real-time applications
Supplemental irrigation potential and impact on downstream flow of Karkheh River basin in Iran
Mapping evapotranspiration with high-resolution aircraft imagery over vineyards using one- and two-source modeling schemes
Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data
Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 2: Reliability of water acounting results for policy decisions in the Awash Basin
Combining high-resolution satellite images and altimetry to estimate the volume of small lakes
Upscaling of evapotranspiration fluxes from instantaneous to daytime scales for thermal remote sensing applications
A new stream and nested catchment framework for Australia
GRACE water storage estimates for the Middle East and other regions with significant reservoir and lake storage
An original interpretation of the wet edge of the surface temperature–albedo space to estimate crop evapotranspiration (SEB-1S), and its validation over an irrigated area in northwestern Mexico
Using a thermal-based two source energy balance model with time-differencing to estimate surface energy fluxes with day–night MODIS observations
Regional effects of vegetation restoration on water yield across the Loess Plateau, China
Estimation of soil parameters over bare agriculture areas from C-band polarimetric SAR data using neural networks
Accounting for seasonality in a soil moisture change detection algorithm for ASAR Wide Swath time series
Evaluation and bias correction of satellite rainfall data for drought monitoring in Indonesia
Extension of the Hapke bidirectional reflectance model to retrieve soil water content
Estimating river discharge from earth observation measurements of river surface hydraulic variables
Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the monitoring of irrigation and soil moisture of wheat crops
Mapping surface soil moisture over the Gourma mesoscale site (Mali) by using ENVISAT ASAR data
Soil surface moisture estimation over a semi-arid region using ENVISAT ASAR radar data for soil evaporation evaluation
Particular uncertainties encountered in using a pre-packaged SEBS model to derive evapotranspiration in a heterogeneous study area in South Africa
Effective roughness modelling as a tool for soil moisture retrieval from C- and L-band SAR
Combined use of FORMOSAT-2 images with a crop model for biomass and water monitoring of permanent grassland in Mediterranean region
Identification and mapping of soil erosion areas in the Blue Nile, Eastern Sudan using multispectral ASTER and MODIS satellite data and the SRTM elevation model
Jacopo Dari, Paolo Filippucci, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2651–2659, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the first operational system (10 d latency) for estimating irrigation water use from accessible satellite and reanalysis data. As a proof of concept, the method has been implemented over an irrigated area fed by the Kakhovka Reservoir, in Ukraine, which collapsed on June 6, 2023. Estimates for the period 2015–2023 reveal that, as expected, the irrigation season of 2023 was characterized by the lowest amounts of irrigation.
Søren Julsgaard Kragh, Jacopo Dari, Sara Modanesi, Christian Massari, Luca Brocca, Rasmus Fensholt, Simon Stisen, and Julian Koch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 441–457, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-441-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-441-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comparison of methodologies to quantify irrigation to enhance regional irrigation estimates. To evaluate the methodologies, we compared various approaches to quantify irrigation using soil moisture, evapotranspiration, or both within a novel baseline framework, together with irrigation estimates from other studies. We show that the synergy from using two equally important components in a joint approach within a baseline framework yields better irrigation estimates.
Meghan Halabisky, Dan Miller, Anthony J. Stewart, Amy Yahnke, Daniel Lorigan, Tate Brasel, and Ludmila Monika Moskal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3687–3699, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3687-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3687-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wetland inventories are critical to monitor and protect wetlands. However, in many areas a large proportion of wetlands are unmapped because they are hard to detect in imagery. We developed a machine learning approach using spatially mapped variables of wetland indicators (i.e., vegetation, hydrology, soils), including novel multi-scale topographic indicators, to predict wetland probability. Our approach can be adapted to diverse landscapes to improve wetland detection.
Ibrahim Nourein Mohammed, Elkin Giovanni Romero Bustamante, John Dennis Bolten, and Everett James Nelson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3621–3642, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an open-source platform in response to the NASA Open-Source Science Initiative for accessing and presenting quantitative remote-sensing earth observation,and climate data. With our platform scientists, stakeholders and concerned citizens can engage in the exploration, modeling, and understanding of data. We envisioned this platform as lowering the technical barriers and simplifying the process of accessing and leveraging additional modeling frameworks for data.
Wen Wen, Joris Timmermans, Qi Chen, and Peter M. van Bodegom
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4537–4552, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A novel approach for evaluating individual and combined impacts of drought and salinity in real-life settings is proposed using Sentinel-2. We found that crop responses to drought and salinity differ between growth stages. Compared to salinity, crop growth is most strongly affected by drought stress and is, in general, further exacerbated when co-occurring with salinity stress. Our approach facilitates a way to monitor crop health under multiple stresses with potential large-scale applications.
Abebe D. Chukalla, Marloes L. Mul, Pieter van der Zaag, Gerardo van Halsema, Evaristo Mubaya, Esperança Muchanga, Nadja den Besten, and Poolad Karimi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2759–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New techniques to monitor the performance of irrigation schemes are vital to improve land and water productivity. We developed a framework and applied the remotely sensed FAO WaPOR dataset to assess uniformity, equity, adequacy, and land and water productivity at the Xinavane sugarcane estate, segmented by three irrigation methods. The developed performance assessment framework and the Python script in Jupyter Notebooks can aid in such irrigation performance analysis in other regions.
Dung Trung Vu, Thanh Duc Dang, Stefano Galelli, and Faisal Hossain
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2345–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2345-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2345-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of data on how big dams are operated in the Upper Mekong, or Lancang, largely contributes to the ongoing controversy between China and the other Mekong countries. Here, we rely on satellite observations to reconstruct monthly storage time series for the 10 largest reservoirs in the Lancang. Our analysis shows how quickly reservoirs were filled in, what decisions were made during recent droughts, and how these decisions impacted downstream discharge.
Siyuan Tian, Luigi J. Renzullo, Robert C. Pipunic, Julien Lerat, Wendy Sharples, and Chantal Donnelly
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4567–4584, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4567-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4567-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate daily continental water balance predictions are valuable in monitoring and forecasting water availability and land surface conditions. A simple and robust method was developed for an operational water balance model to constrain model predictions temporally and spatially with satellite soil moisture observations. The improved soil water storage prediction can provide constraints in model forecasts that persist for several weeks.
Oliver Miguel López Valencia, Kasper Johansen, Bruno José Luis Aragón Solorio, Ting Li, Rasmus Houborg, Yoann Malbeteau, Samer AlMashharawi, Muhammad Umer Altaf, Essam Mohammed Fallatah, Hari Prasad Dasari, Ibrahim Hoteit, and Matthew Francis McCabe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5251–5277, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5251-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5251-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The agricultural sector in Saudi Arabia has expanded rapidly over the last few decades, supported by non-renewable groundwater abstraction. This study describes a novel data–model fusion approach to compile national-scale groundwater abstractions and demonstrates its use over 5000 individual center-pivot fields. This method will allow both farmers and water management agencies to make informed water accounting decisions across multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Angel Martín, Sara Ibáñez, Carlos Baixauli, Sara Blanc, and Ana Belén Anquela
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3573–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3573-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3573-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the case study presented in this paper, the GNSS-IR technique was used to monitor soil moisture during 66 d, from 3 December 2018 to 6 February 2019, in the installations of the Cajamar Centre of Experiences, Paiporta, Valencia, Spain. Two main objectives were pursued. The first was the extension of the technique to a multi-constellation solution using GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites, and the second was to test whether mass-market sensors could be used for this technique.
Imeshi Weerasinghe, Wim Bastiaanssen, Marloes Mul, Li Jia, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1565–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water resource allocation to various sectors requires an understanding of the hydrological cycle, where evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component. Satellite-derived products estimate ET but are hard to evaluate at large scales. This work presents an alternate evaluation methodology to point-scale observations in Africa. The paper enables users to select an ET product based on their performance regarding selected criteria using a ranking system. The highest ranked products are WaPOR and CMRSET.
Melanie K. Vanderhoof, Jay R. Christensen, and Laurie C. Alexander
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4269–4292, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4269-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4269-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated trends (1984–2016) in riparian wetness across the Upper Missouri River headwaters basin during peak irrigation months (June, July and August). We found that 8 of the 19 riparian reaches across the basin showed a significant drying trend from 1984 to 2016. The temporal drying trends persisted after removing variability attributable to climate. Instead, the drying trends co-occurred with a shift towards center-pivot irrigation across the basin.
Sameer M. Shadeed, Tariq G. Judeh, and Mohammad N. Almasri
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper aimed to develop DWP and DRWHS maps in the West Bank (Palestine) using an integrated GIS-based MCDA approach. The obtained maps will assist the decision makers to formulate proper strategies including the development of efficient and comprehensive water resource management strategies in trying to bridge the increasing water supply–demand gap for domestic purposes in the West Bank as a recognized area in the Dead Sea region which is facing a series water resource shortage challenges.
Fugen Li, Xiaozhou Xin, Zhiqing Peng, and Qinhuo Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 949–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-949-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-949-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a simple but efficient model for estimating daily evapotranspiration considering heterogeneity of mixed pixels. In order to do so, an equation to calculate evapotranspiration fraction (EF) of mixed pixels was derived based on two key hypotheses. The model is easy to apply and is independent and easy to be embedded in the traditional remote sensing algorithms of heat fluxes to get daily ET.
Felix Zaussinger, Wouter Dorigo, Alexander Gruber, Angelica Tarpanelli, Paolo Filippucci, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 897–923, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-897-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-897-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
About 70 % of global freshwater is consumed by irrigation. Yet, policy-relevant estimates of irrigation water use (IWU) are virtually lacking at regional to global scales. To bridge this gap, we develop a method for quantifying IWU from a combination of state-of-the-art remotely sensed and modeled soil moisture products and apply it over the United States for the period 2013–2016. Overall, our estimates agree well with reference data on irrigated area and irrigation water withdrawals.
Philippe Cattan, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, Florence Clostre, Philippe Letourmy, Luc Arnaud, Julie Gresser, and Magalie Jannoyer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 691–709, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-691-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-691-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the management of long-term environmental pollution by organochlorine pesticides. We selected the case of chlordecone on the island of Martinique. We propose a conceptual model of organochlorine fate accounting for physical conditions relative to soils and geology. This model explains pollution variability in water but also the dynamics of pollution trends. It helps to identify risky areas where pollution will last for a long time and where more attention is needed.
Anoop Kumar Shukla, Shray Pathak, Lalit Pal, Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, Ana Mijic, and Rahul Dev Garg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5357–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5357-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5357-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we carried out a comparative evaluation of water yield using two approaches, the Lumped Zhang model and the pixel-based approach. Even in pixel-level computations, experiments are made with existing models of some of the involved parameters. The study indicates not only the suitability of pixel-based computations but also clarifies the suitable model of some of the parameters to be used with pixel-based computations to obtain better results.
Anoop Kumar Shukla, Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, Ana Mijic, Wouter Buytaert, Shray Pathak, Rahul Dev Garg, and Satyavati Shukla
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4745–4770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4745-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Geospatial technologies and OIP are promising tools to study the effect of demographic changes and LULC transformations on the spatiotemporal variations in the water quality (WQ) across a large river basin. Therefore, this study could help to assess and solve local and regional WQ-related problems over a river basin. It may help the policy makers and planners to understand the status of water pollution so that suitable strategies could be planned for sustainable development in a river basin.
Melanie K. Vanderhoof, Charles R. Lane, Michael G. McManus, Laurie C. Alexander, and Jay R. Christensen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1851–1873, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1851-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1851-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Effective monitoring and prediction of flood and drought events requires an improved understanding of surface water dynamics. We examined how the relationship between surface water extent, as mapped using Landsat imagery, and climate, is a function of landscape characteristics, using the Prairie Pothole Region and adjacent Northern Prairie in the United States as our study area. We found that at a landscape scale wetlands play a key role in informing how climate extremes influence surface water.
Mariana Madruga de Brito, Mariele Evers, and Adrian Delos Santos Almoradie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 373–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-373-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-373-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper sheds light on the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge in the assessment of flood vulnerability in Taquari-Antas river basin, Brazil. It shows how stakeholder participation is crucial for increasing not only the acceptance of model results but also its quality.
Nicolas Avisse, Amaury Tilmant, Marc François Müller, and Hua Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6445–6459, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6445-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6445-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Information on small reservoir storage is crucial for water management in a river basin. However, it is most of the time not freely available in remote, ungauged, or conflict-torn areas. We propose a novel approach using satellite imagery information only to quantitatively estimate storage variations in such inaccessible areas. We apply the method to southern Syria, where ground monitoring is impeded by the ongoing civil war, and validate it against in situ measurements in neighbouring Jordan.
Clara Linés, Micha Werner, and Wim Bastiaanssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4747–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4747-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4747-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims at identifying Earth observation data sets that can help river basin managers detect drought conditions that may lead to impacts early enough to take mitigation actions. Six remote sensing products were assessed using two types of impact data as a benchmark: media records from a regional newspaper and crop yields. Precipitation, vegetation condition and evapotranspiration products showed the best results, offering early signs of impacts up to 6 months before the reported damages.
Zeinab Takbiri, Ardeshir M. Ebtehaj, and Efi Foufoula-Georgiou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2685–2700, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2685-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2685-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a multi-sensor retrieval algorithm for flood extent mapping at high spatial and temporal resolution. While visible bands provide flood mapping at fine spatial resolution, their capability is very limited in a cloudy sky. Passive microwaves can penetrate through clouds but cannot detect small-scale flooded surfaces due to their coarse resolution. The proposed method takes advantage of these two observations to retrieve sub-pixel flooded surfaces in all-sky conditions.
Joseph G. Alfieri, Martha C. Anderson, William P. Kustas, and Carmelo Cammalleri
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-83-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-83-2017, 2017
Yan Zhao, Yongping Wei, Shoubo Li, and Bingfang Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4469–4481, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4469-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4469-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper finds that combined inflow from both current and previous years' discharge determines water availability in downstream regions. Temperature determines broad vegetation distribution while hydrological variables show significant effects only in near-river-channel regions. Agricultural development curtailed further vegetation recovery in the studied area. Enhancing current water allocation schemes and regulating regional agricultural activities are required for future restoration.
Markus Enenkel, Christoph Reimer, Wouter Dorigo, Wolfgang Wagner, Isabella Pfeil, Robert Parinussa, and Richard De Jeu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4191–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4191-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture is a crucial variable for a variety of applications, ranging from weather forecasting and agricultural production to the monitoring of floods and droughts. Satellite observations are particularly important in regions where no in situ measurements are available. Our study presents a method to integrate global near-real-time satellite observations from different sensors into one harmonized, daily data set. A first validation shows good results on a global scale.
Behzad Hessari, Adriana Bruggeman, Ali Mohammad Akhoond-Ali, Theib Oweis, and Fariborz Abbasi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1903–1910, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1903-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1903-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Yields of rainfed winter crops such as wheat can be substantially improved with limited supplemental irrigation. The upper Karkheh River basin in Iran has 15 840 km2 of rainfed crops. A GIS method was designed to identify suitable areas for irrigation and a routine was developed to allocate water uses and route the flows downstream. A maximum of 13 % of the rainfed cropland could be irrigated under normal flow, 9 % if environmental flow requirements are considered and 6 % under drought conditions.
Ting Xia, William P. Kustas, Martha C. Anderson, Joseph G. Alfieri, Feng Gao, Lynn McKee, John H. Prueger, Hatim M. E. Geli, Christopher M. U. Neale, Luis Sanchez, Maria Mar Alsina, and Zhongjing Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1523–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1523-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1523-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a model inter-comparison and validation study conducted using sub-meter resolution thermal data from an aircraft. The model inter-comparison is between a physically based model and a very simple empirical model. The strengths and weaknesses of both modeling approaches for high-resolution mapping of water use in vineyards is described. The findings provide significant insight into the utility of complex versus simple models for precise water resources management.
P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507–532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
P. Karimi, W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, A. Sood, J. Hoogeveen, L. Peiser, E. Bastidas-Obando, and R. J. Dost
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 533–550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-533-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-533-2015, 2015
F. Baup, F. Frappart, and J. Maubant
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2007–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2007-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2007-2014, 2014
C. Cammalleri, M. C. Anderson, and W. P. Kustas
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1885–1894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1885-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1885-2014, 2014
J. L. Stein, M. F. Hutchinson, and J. A. Stein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1917–1933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1917-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1917-2014, 2014
L. Longuevergne, C. R. Wilson, B. R. Scanlon, and J. F. Crétaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4817–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4817-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4817-2013, 2013
O. Merlin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3623–3637, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3623-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3623-2013, 2013
R. Guzinski, M. C. Anderson, W. P. Kustas, H. Nieto, and I. Sandholt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2809-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2809-2013, 2013
X. M. Feng, G. Sun, B. J. Fu, C. H. Su, Y. Liu, and H. Lamparski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2617–2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2617-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2617-2012, 2012
N. Baghdadi, R. Cresson, M. El Hajj, R. Ludwig, and I. La Jeunesse
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1607–1621, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1607-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1607-2012, 2012
J. Van doninck, J. Peters, H. Lievens, B. De Baets, and N. E. C. Verhoest
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 773–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-773-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-773-2012, 2012
R. R. E. Vernimmen, A. Hooijer, Mamenun, E. Aldrian, and A. I. J. M. van Dijk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 133–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-133-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-133-2012, 2012
G.-J. Yang, C.-J. Zhao, W.-J. Huang, and J.-H. Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2317–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2317-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2317-2011, 2011
J. Negrel, P. Kosuth, and N. Bercher
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2049–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2049-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2049-2011, 2011
R. Fieuzal, B. Duchemin, L. Jarlan, M. Zribi, F. Baup, O. Merlin, O. Hagolle, and J. Garatuza-Payan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1117–1129, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1117-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1117-2011, 2011
F. Baup, E. Mougin, P. de Rosnay, P. Hiernaux, F. Frappart, P. L. Frison, M. Zribi, and J. Viarre
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 603–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-603-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-603-2011, 2011
M. Zribi, A. Chahbi, M. Shabou, Z. Lili-Chabaane, B. Duchemin, N. Baghdadi, R. Amri, and A. Chehbouni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 345–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-345-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-345-2011, 2011
L. A. Gibson, Z. Münch, and J. Engelbrecht
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-295-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-295-2011, 2011
H. Lievens, N. E. C. Verhoest, E. De Keyser, H. Vernieuwe, P. Matgen, J. Álvarez-Mozos, and B. De Baets
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 151–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-151-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-151-2011, 2011
D. Courault, R. Hadria, F. Ruget, A. Olioso, B. Duchemin, O. Hagolle, and G. Dedieu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1731–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1731-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1731-2010, 2010
M. El Haj Tahir, A. Kääb, and C.-Y. Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1167–1178, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1167-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1167-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Al-Ghobari, H. M., Mohammad, F. S., and ElMarazky, M. S. A.: Effect of intelligent irrigation on water use efficiency of wheat crop in arid region, J. Anim. Plant Sci., 23, 1691–1699, 2013.
Al-Kahtani, S. H. and Ismaiel, S. M.: Groundwater irrigation management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A case study of Al-Wajid aquifer, J. US-China Public Admin., 7, 54–65, 2010.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, S. L., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper 56, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome 300, D05109, available at: http://www.kimberly.uidaho.edu/water/fao56/fao56.pdf (last access: 16 August 2016), 1998.
Allen, R. G., Hartogensis, O., and de Bruin, H.: Long-wave radiation over alfalfa during the RAPID field campaign in southern Idaho, Research Report, Kimberly, Univ. of Idaho, Id., USA, 2000.
Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., Morse, A., and Trezza, R.: A Landsat-based energy balance and evapotranspiration model in Western US water rights regulation and planning, Irrig. Drain. Syst., 19, 251–268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-005-5187-z, 2005.
Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., Morse, A., Trezza, R., Wright, J. L., Bastiaanssen, W., Kramber, W., Lorite, I., and Robinson, C. W.: Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) – Applications, J. Irrig. Drain. E., 133, 395–406, 2007.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, S. L., Howell, T. A., and Jensen, M. E.: Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy, Agr. Water Manage., 98, 899–920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.12.015, 2011a.
Allen, R., Irmark, A., Trezza, R., Hendrickx, J. M. H., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., and Kjaersgaard, J.: Satellite based ET estimation in agriculture using SEBAL and METRIC, Hydrol. Process., 25, 4011–4027, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8408, 2011b.
Anderson, M. C., Allen, R. G., Morse, A., and Kustas, W. P.: Use of Landsat thermal imagery in monitoring evapotranspiration and managing water resources, Remote Sens. Environ., 122, 50–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.025, 2012.
ASCE-EWRI: Final report-2005, The ASCE standardized reference evapotranspiration equation, available at: https://www.kimberly.uidaho.edu/water/asceewri/ascestzdetmain2005.pdf (last access: 25 August 2016), 2005.
Atta, R., Boutraa, T., and Akhkha, A.: Smart Irrigation System for Wheat in Saudi Arabia Using Wireless Sensors Network Technology, Int. J. Water Resour. Arid Environ., 1, 478–482, 2011.
Bala, A., Singh, R. K., and Gayathri, V.: Review on different Surface Energy Balance algorithms for Estimation of Evapotranspiration through Remote Sensing, Int. J. Emerging Technol. Adv. Engineer., 3, 582–588, 2013.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.: Regionalization of Surface Flux Densities and Moisture Indicators in Composite Terrain: A Remote Sensing Approach under Clear Skies in Mediterranean Climates, PhD Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, the Netherlands, p. 273, 1995.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Menenti, M., Feddes, R. A., and Holtslag, A. A. M.: A Remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL): 1. Formulation, J. Hydrol., 212–213, 198–212, 1998.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Molden, D. J., and Makin, I. W.: Remote sensing for irrigated agriculture: examples from research and possible applications, Agr. Water Manage., 46, 137–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00080-9, 2000.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Noordman, E. J. M., Pelgrum, H., Davids, G., Thoreson, B. P., and Allen, R. G.: SEBAL model with remotely sensed data to improve water-resources management under actual field conditions, J. Irrig. Drain. E., 131, 85–93, 2005.
Brunsell, N. A. and Gillies, R.: Incorporating surface emissivity into a thermal atmospheric correction, Photogramm. Engineer. Remote Sens. J., 68, 1263–1269, 2002.
Brutsaert, W. and Stricker, H.: An advection-aridity approach to estimate actual regional evapotranspiration, Water Resour. Res., 15, 443–450, 1979.
Carrasco-Benavides, M., Ortega-Farias, S., Lagos, L. O., and Kleissl, J.: Assessment of the METRIC model in the estimation of instantaneous values of sensible and latent heat fluxes over a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard using Landsat images, in the Proceedings of the Anais XVI Simposio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto - SBSR, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil, 13–18 April 2013, 490–497, 2013.
Chavez, J. L., Neale, C. M. U., Hipps, L. E., Prueger, J. H., and Kustas, W. P.: Comparing Aircraft-Based Remotely Sensed Energy Balance Fluxes with Eddy Covariance Tower Data Using Heat Flux Source Area Functions, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 923–940, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM467.1, 2005.
Chavez, J. L., Gowda, P. H., Howell, T. A., and Copeland, K. S.: Evaluating three evapotranspiration mapping algorithms with lysimetric data in the semi-arid Texas High Plains, in the Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Irrigation Show, Irrigation Association, 9–11 December 2007, San Diego, California, USA, 268–283, 2007.
Chavez, J. L., Gowda, P. H., Howell, T. A., and Copeland, K. S.: Radiometric surface temperature calibration effects on satellite based evapotranspiration estimation, Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 2337–2354, 2009a.
Chavez, J. L., Howell, T. A., and Copeland, K. S.: Evaluating eddy covariance cotton ET measurements in an advective environment with large weighing lysimeters, Irrig. Sci., 28, 35–50, 2009b.
Colaizzi, P. D., Evett, S. R., Howell, T. A., and Tolk, J. A.: Comparison of Five Models to Scale Daily Evapotranspiration from One-Time-of-Day Measurements, T. Am. Soc. Agr. Biol. Eng., 49, 1409–1417, 2006.
Courault, D., Seguin, B., and Olioso, A.: Review on estimation of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: From empirical to numerical modeling approaches, Irrig. Drain. Syst., 19, 223–249, 2005.
da Silva, B. B., Braga, A. C., Braga, C. C., de Oliveira, L. M. M., Montenegro, S. M. G. L., and Barbosa Jr. B.: Procedures for calculation of the albedo with OLI-Landsat 8 images: Application to the Brazilian semi-arid, Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 20, 3–8, 2016.
de Teixeira, A. H. C. and Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.: Five methods to interpret field measurements of energy fluxes over a micro-sprinkler-irrigated mango orchard, Irrig. Sci., 30, 13–28, 2012.
Ding, R., Kang, S., Li, F., Zhang, Y., Tong, L., and Sun, Q.: Evaluating eddy covariance method by large-scale weighing lysimeter in a maize field of northwest China, Agric. Water Manage., 98, 87–95, 2010.
Drexler, J. Z., Snyder, R. L., Spano, D., and Paw, U. K. T.: A review of models and micrometeorological methods used to estimate wetland evapotranspiration, Hydrol. Process., 18, 2071–2101, 2004.
Duffie, J. A. and Beckman, W. A.: Solar Engineering of Thermal Process, 4th ed., 928 pp., John Wiley and Sons, NY, 2013.
Elnesr, M. and Alazba, A.: Effect of climate change on spatiotemporal variability and trends of evapotranspiration, and its impact on water resources management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in: Climate Change – Realities, Impacts over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, edited by: Singh, B. R., InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 273–296, 2013.
FAO: Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements, in: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, edited by: Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O., Paper No. 24, p. 144, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/f2430e/f2430e.pdf (last access: 7 May 2016), 1977.
Farah, H. O., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., and Feddes, R. A.: Evaluation of the temporal variability of the evaporative fraction in a tropical watershed, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs., 5, 129–140, 2004.
Field, R. T., Heiser, M., and Strebel, D. E.: Measurements of surface fluxes, in the FIFE Information System, Summary Document, available at: http://www.esm.versar.com/FIFE/Summary/Sur_flux.htm (last access: 28 September 2016), 1994.
Garrison, J. D. and Adler, G. P.: Estimation of precipitable water over the united states for application to the division of solar radiation into its direct and diffuse components, Sol. Energy, 44, 225–241, 1990.
Gisondi, M. A., Smith-Coggins, R., Harter, P. M., Soltysik, R. C., and Yarnold, P. R.: Assessment of resident professionalism using high-fidelity simulation of ethical dilemmas, Acad. Emer. Med., 11, 931–937, 2004.
Gockede, M., Markkanen, T., Hasager, C. B., and Foken, T.: Update of a footprint-based approach for the characterisation of complex measuring sites, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 118, 635–655, 2006.
Gowda, P. H., Chavez, J. L., Howell, T. A., Marek, T. H., and New, L. L.: Surface Energy Balance Based Evapotranspiration Mapping in the Texas High Plains, Sensors, 8, 5186–5201, 2008.
Gowda, P. H., Howell, T. A., Paul, G., and Colaizzi, P. D.: SEBAL for estimating hourly ET fluxes over irrigated and dryland cotton during BEAREX08, in the Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, 22–26 May 2011, Palm Springs, California, USA, 2787–2795, 2011.
Gowda, P. H., Howell, T. A., Paul, G., Colaizzi, P. D., Marek, T. H., Su, B., and Copeland, K. S.: Deriving Hourly Evapotranspiration Rates with SEBS: A Lysimetric Evaluation, Vadose Zone J., 12, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0110, 2013.
Ham, J. M., Heilman, J. L., and Lascano, R. J.: Soil and canopy energy balances of a row crop at partial cover, Agron. J., 83, 744–753, 1991.
Hipps, L. E.: The infrared emissivities of soil and Artemisia tridentate and subsequent temperature corrections in a shrubsteppe ecosystem, Remote Sens. Environ., 27, 337–342, 1989.
Hoedjes, J. C. B., Chehbouni, A., Jacob, F., Ezzahar, J., and Boulet, G.: Deriving daily evapotranspiration from remotely sensed instantaneous evaporative fraction over olive orchard in semi-arid Morocco, J. Hydrol., 354, 53–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.016, 2008.
Huete, A. R.: A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), Remote Sens. Environ., 25, 295–309, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90106-X, 1988.
Hussain, G., Alquwaizany, A., and Al-Zarah, A.: Guidelines for irrigation water quality and water management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – an overview, J. Appl. Sci., 10, 79–96, https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.79.96, 2010.
Kalma, J. D., McVicar, T. R., and McCabe, M. F.: Estimating land surface evaporation: a review of methods using remotely sensed surface temperature data, Surv. Geophy., 29, 421–469, 2008.
Kassem, M. A. and Al-Moshileh, A. M.: Determination of the Best of Irrigation System for Water Conservation, in: The 3rd International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments (ICWRAE) and the 1st Arab Water Forum, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 16–19 November 2008, available at: http://www.icwrae-psipw.org/images/stories/2008/Water/61.pdf (last access: 25 May 2016), 2008.
Kayad, A. G., Al-Gaadi, K. A., Tola, E., Madugundu, R., Zeyada, A. M., and Kalaitzidis, C.: Assessing the Spatial Variability of Alfalfa Yield Using Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Data, PLoS ONE, 11, e0157166, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157166, 2016.
Kustas, W. P., Hatfield, J. L., and Prueger, J. H.: The Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX): Background, hydrometeorological conditions, and preliminary findings, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 791–804, 2005.
Lagos, L. O., Lillo-Saavedra, M., Fonseca, D., and Gonzalo, C.: Evapotranspiration of partially vegetated surfaces from remote sensing, in: Towards Horizon 2020, edited by: Lasaponara, R., Masini, N., and Biscione, M., the Proc. 33rd EARSeL Symposium, 3–6 June 2013, Matera, Italy, 613–624, 2013.
LI-COR: Eddypro Instruction Manual, LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, 332 pp., available at: https://www.licor.com/documents/1ium2zmwm6hl36yz9bu4, last access: 12 may 2016.
Madugundu, R., Al-Gaadi, K. A., Tola, E., Patil, V. C., and Biradar, C. M.: Quantification of Agricultural Water Productivity at Field Scale and Its Implication in On-Farm Water Management, J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 45, 643–656, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-016-0623-0, 2017.
Mahmoud, S. H. and Alazba, A. A.: A coupled remote sensing and the Surface Energy Balance based algorithms to estimate actual evapotranspiration over the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia, J. Asian Earth Sci., 124, 269–283, 2016.
McCune, B. and Grace, J. B.: Chapter 24, MRPP (Multi-Response Permutation Procedures), Analysis of Ecological Communities, 188–197, MjM Software Design, available at: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/teaching/multivariate/readings/McCune.and.Grace.2002.chapte24.pdf (last access: 18 August 2017), Gleneden Beach, OR, USA, 2002.
Mkhwanazi, M. M. and Chavez, J. L.: Using METRIC to Estimate Surface Energy Fluxes over an Alfalfa Field in Eastern Colorado, Hydrology Days 2012, 90–98, available at: http://hydrologydays.colostate.edu/Papers_2012/Mcebisi_paper.pdf (last access: 12 November 2016), 2012.
Mohammad, F. S., Al-Ghobari, H. M., and ElMarazky, M. S. A.: Adoption of an intelligent irrigation scheduling technique and its effect on water use efficiency for tomato crops in arid regions, Aust. J. Crop Sci., 7, 305–313, https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.518, 2013.
Moorhead, J. E., Gowda, P. H., Marek, T. H., Porter, D. O., Howell, T. A., Singh, V. P., and Stewart, B. A.: Use of crop-specific drought indices for determining irrigation demand in the Texas High Plains, Appl. Eng. Agr., 26, 905–916, https://doi.org/10.13031/aea.29.10201, 2013.
Nappo, C. J., Caneill, J. Y., Furman, R. W., Gifford, F. A., Kaimal, J. C., Kramer, M. L., Lockhart, T. J., Pendergast, M. M, Pielke, R. A., Randerson, D., Shreffler, J. H., and Wyngaard, J. C.: The Workshop on the Representativeness of Meteorological Observations, June 1981, Boulder, CO, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 63, 761–764, 1982.
Omran, EL. E.: Detection of land-use and surface temperature change at different resolutions, J. Geograph. Inf. Sys., 4, 189–203, 2012.
Patil, V. C., Al-Gaadi, K. A., Madugundu, R., Tola, E., Marey, S., Aldosari, A., Biradar, C. M., and Gowda, P. H.: Assessing Agricultural Water Productivity in Desert Farming System of Saudi Arabia, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl., 8, 284–297, 2015.
Paul, G., Gowda, P. H., Prasad, P. V. V., Howell, T. A., Staggenborg, S. A., and Neale, C. M. U.: Lysimetric evaluation of SEBAL using high resolution airborne imagery from BEAREX08, Adv. Water Resour., 59, 157–168, 2013.
Praveen, P., Vivek, S. D., Desai, G. A., Praveen, G. S., and Meerabai, K. P.: Estimation of evapotranspiration rate by different methods for paddy crop in South Kodagu, Central Western Ghats, Int. J. Agr. Eng., 5, 69–72, 2012.
Rana, G. and Katerji, N.: Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate: a review, Eur. J. Agron., 13, 125–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(00)00070-8, 2000.
Rizaiza, O. S. A. and Al-Osaimy, M. H.: A statistical approach for estimating irrigation water usage in western Saudi Arabia, Agr. Water Manage., 29, 175–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(95)01194-3, 1996.
Santos, C. A. C., Silva, B. B., and Rao, T. V. R.: Analyses of the evaporative fraction using eddy covariance and remote sensing techniques, Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 25, 427–436, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-77862010000400002, 2010.
Schmid, H. P.: Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 67, 293–318, 1994.
Senay, G. B., Verdin, J. P., Lietzow, R., and Melesse, A. M.: Global Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Modeling and Evaluation, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 44, 969–979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x, 2008.
Singh, R. K., Irmak, A., Irmak, S., and Martin, D. L.: Application of SEBAL Model for mapping evapotranspiration and estimating surface energy fluxes in South-Central Nebraska, J. Irrig. Drain. E., 134, 273–285, 2008.
Skokovic, D., Sobrino, J. A., Jimenez-Munoz, J. C., Soria, G., Julien, Y., Mattar, C., and Cristobal, J.: Calibration and Validation of Land Surface Temperature for Landsat 8 – TIRS Sensor, Land product Validation and Evolution, ESA/ESRIN Frascati (Italy), 6–9, 28–30 January 2014.
Tasumi, M., Allen, R., and Trezza, R.: At-surface albedo from Landsat and MODIS satellites for use in energy balance studies of evapotranspiration, J. Hydrol. Eng., 13, 51–63, 2008.
Twine, T. E., Kustas, W. P., Norman, J. M., Cook, D. R., Houser, P. R., Meyers, T. P., Prueger, J. H., Starks, P. J., and Wesely, M. L.: Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland, Agric. For. Meteorol., 103, 279–300, 2000.
USGS: Using the USGS Landsat 8 Product, available at: https://landsat.usgs.gov/using-usgs-landsat-8-product, last access: 18 May 2016.
Voogt, J. A. and Grimmond, C. S. B.: Modeling surface sensible heat flux using surface radiative temperatures in a simple urban area, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 1679–1699, 2000.
Waters, R., Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., Trezza, R., and Bastiaanssen, W.: SEBAL – Advanced Training and User's Manual, Version 1 (from NASA EOSDIS/Synergy grant from the Raytheon Company, through The Idaho Department of Water Resources, USA), Kimberly, ID, USA, University of Idaho, 98 pp., available at: http://www.posmet.ufv.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/MET-479-Waters-et-al-SEBAL.pdf (last access: 21 January 2017), 2002.
Weaver, H. L.: Temperature and humidity flux-variance relations determined by one-dimensional eddy correlation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 53, 77–91, 1990.
Yang, K., Wu, H., Chen, Y., Qin, J., and Wang, L.: Toward a satellite-based observation of atmospheric heat source over land, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3124–3133, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021091, 2014.
Yee, M. S., Beringer, J., Pauwels, V. R. N., Daly, E., Walker, J. P., and Rudiger, C.: Measuring evapotranspiration: comparison of eddy covariance, scintillometers and enclosed chambers, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 16, EGU2014-4590, EGU General Assembly 2014, available at: http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-4590.pdf (last access: 28 March 2017), 2014.
Zeweldi, D. A., Gebremichael, M., Wang, J., Sammis, T., Kleissl, J., and Miller, D.: Intercomparison of Sensible Heat Flux from Large Aperture Scintillometer and Eddy Covariance Methods: Field Experiment over a Homogeneous Semi-arid Region, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 135, 151–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9460-9, 2010.
Zhang, N., Hong, Y., Qin, Q., and Liu, L.: VSDI – A Visible and Shortwave Infrared Drought Index for Monitoring Soil and Vegetation Moisture Based on Optical Remote Sensing, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 4585–4609, 2013.
Zhao, J., Chen, X., and Bao, A. M.: Spatial representativeness of eddy covariance measurements using footprint analysis in arid areas, Environ. Earth Sci., 71, 1691–1697, 2014.
Zhong, Q. and Li, Y. H.: Satellite observation of surface albedo over the Qinghai–Xizang plateau region, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 5, 57–65, 1988.
Short summary
In view of the pressing need to assess the productivity of agricultural fields in Saudi Arabia, this study was undertaken in an attempt to apply the METRIC model with Landsat-8 imagery for the determination of spatial and temporal variability in ET aiming at optimizing the quantification of crop water requirement and the formulation of efficient irrigation schedules. This paper will be of great interest to readers in the areas of agriculture (in general), water management and remote sensing.
In view of the pressing need to assess the productivity of agricultural fields in Saudi Arabia,...
