Articles | Volume 27, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-969-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-969-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Mar 2023
Research article |
| 06 Mar 2023
| 06 Mar 2023
Controls on flood managed aquifer recharge through a heterogeneous vadose zone: hydrologic modeling at a site characterized with surface geophysics
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Gordon Osterman
Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, California, USA
Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Kate Maher
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Yuchen Liu, Matthew J. Winnick, Hsiao-Tieh Hsu, Corey R. Lawrence, Kate Maher, and Jennifer L. Druhan
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-10, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Microbes naturally occur in soils and respire CO2, thus constituting a significant source of atmospheric greenhouse gases. We seek to improve predictions for the amount of CO2 emitted from soil by contrasting two models compared against lab measured respiration rates using natural soil samples at a range of soil moistures. Results show that a simplified model is more suitable for interpreting soil respiration rates below 100 cm, while a more complex approach is necessary for shallower depths.
Related subject area
Subject: Water Resources Management | Techniques and Approaches: Stochastic approaches
Check dam impact on sediment loads: example of the Guerbe River in the Swiss Alps – a catchment scale experiment
Spatiotemporal responses of the crop water footprint and its associated benchmarks under different irrigation regimes to climate change scenarios in China
Bridging the scale gap: obtaining high-resolution stochastic simulations of gridded daily precipitation in a future climate
3D multiple-point geostatistical simulation of joint subsurface redox and geological architectures
News media coverage of conflict and cooperation dynamics of water events in the Lancang–Mekong River basin
Analysis of the effects of biases in ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasts on electricity production in hydropower reservoir management
Using paleoclimate reconstructions to analyse hydrological epochs associated with Pacific decadal variability
Bias correction of simulated historical daily streamflow at ungauged locations by using independently estimated flow duration curves
Season-ahead forecasting of water storage and irrigation requirements – an application to the southwest monsoon in India
Hydrostratigraphic modeling using multiple-point statistics and airborne transient electromagnetic methods
A risk assessment methodology to evaluate the risk failure of managed aquifer recharge in the Mediterranean Basin
A coupled stochastic rainfall–evapotranspiration model for hydrological impact analysis
Real-time updating of the flood frequency distribution through data assimilation
Estimating drought risk across Europe from reported drought impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors
The cost of ending groundwater overdraft on the North China Plain
Definition of efficient scarcity-based water pricing policies through stochastic programming
A dual-inexact fuzzy stochastic model for water resources management and non-point source pollution mitigation under multiple uncertainties
Just two moments! A cautionary note against use of high-order moments in multifractal models in hydrology
Determining spatial variability of dry spells: a Markov-based method, applied to the Makanya catchment, Tanzania
Streamflow droughts in the Iberian Peninsula between 1945 and 2005: spatial and temporal patterns
Estimating the flood frequency distribution at seasonal and annual time scales
Domestic wells have high probability of pumping septic tank leachate
Record extension for short-gauged water quality parameters using a newly proposed robust version of the Line of Organic Correlation technique
Calibration of the modified Bartlett-Lewis model using global optimization techniques and alternative objective functions
Trend analysis of extreme precipitation in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia with a case study of Debre Markos
Ariel Henrique do Prado, David Mair, Philippos Garefalakis, Chantal Schmidt, Alexander Whittaker, Sebastien Castelltort, and Fritz Schlunegger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1173–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Engineering structures known as check dams are built with the intention of managing streams. The effectiveness of such structures can be expressed by quantifying the reduction of the sediment flux after their implementation. In this contribution, we estimate and compare the volumes of sediment transported in a mountain stream for engineered and non-engineered conditions. We found that without check dams the mean sediment flux would be ca. 10 times larger in comparison with the current situation.
Zhiwei Yue, Xiangxiang Ji, La Zhuo, Wei Wang, Zhibin Li, and Pute Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4637–4656, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Facing the increasing challenge of sustainable crop supply with limited water resources due to climate change, large-scale responses in the water footprint (WF) and WF benchmarks of crop production remain unclear. Here, we quantify the effects of future climate change scenarios on the WF and WF benchmarks of maize and wheat in time and space in China. Differences in crop growth between rain-fed and irrigated farms and among furrow-, sprinkler-, and micro-irrigated regimes are identified.
Qifen Yuan, Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir, Stein Beldring, Wai Kwok Wong, and Chong-Yu Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5259–5275, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Localized impacts of changing precipitation patterns on surface hydrology are often assessed at a high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a stochastic method that efficiently generates gridded daily precipitation in a future climate. The method works out a stochastic model that can describe a high-resolution data product in a reference period and form a realistic precipitation generator under a projected future climate. A case study of nine catchments in Norway shows that it works well.
Rasmus Bødker Madsen, Hyojin Kim, Anders Juhl Kallesøe, Peter B. E. Sandersen, Troels Norvin Vilhelmsen, Thomas Mejer Hansen, Anders Vest Christiansen, Ingelise Møller, and Birgitte Hansen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2759–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The protection of subsurface aquifers from contamination is an ongoing environmental challenge. Some areas of the underground have a natural capacity for reducing contaminants. In this research these areas are mapped in 3D along with information about, e.g., sand and clay, which indicates whether contaminated water from the surface will travel through these areas. This mapping technique will be fundamental for more reliable risk assessment in water quality protection.
Jing Wei, Yongping Wei, Fuqiang Tian, Natalie Nott, Claire de Wit, Liying Guo, and You Lu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1603–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1603-2021, 2021
Richard Arsenault and Pascal Côté
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2735–2750, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2735-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2735-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological forecasting allows hydropower system operators to make the most efficient use of the available water as possible. Accordingly, hydrologists have been aiming at improving the quality of these forecasts. This work looks at the impacts of improving systematic errors in a forecasting scheme on the hydropower generation using a few decision-aiding tools that are used operationally by hydropower utilities. We find that the impacts differ according to the hydropower system characteristics.
Lanying Zhang, George Kuczera, Anthony S. Kiem, and Garry Willgoose
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6399–6414, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6399-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6399-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Analyses of run lengths of Pacific decadal variability (PDV) suggest that there is no significant difference between run lengths in positive and negative phases of PDV and that it is more likely than not that the PDV run length has been non-stationary in the past millennium. This raises concerns about whether variability seen in the instrumental record (the last ~100 years), or even in the shorter 300–400 year paleoclimate reconstructions, is representative of the full range of variability.
William H. Farmer, Thomas M. Over, and Julie E. Kiang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5741–5758, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5741-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5741-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work observes that the result of streamflow simulation is often biased, especially with regards to extreme events, and proposes a novel technique to reduce this bias. By using parallel simulations of relative streamflow timing (sequencing) and the distribution of streamflow (magnitude), severe biases can be mitigated. Reducing this bias allows for improved utility of streamflow simulation for water resources management.
Arun Ravindranath, Naresh Devineni, Upmanu Lall, and Paulina Concha Larrauri
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5125–5141, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5125-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5125-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a framework for forecasting water storage requirements in the agricultural sector and an application of this framework to water risk assessment in India. Our framework involves defining a crop-specific water stress index and applying a particular statistical forecasting model to predict seasonal water stress for the crop of interest. The application focused on forecasting crop water stress for potatoes grown during the monsoon season in the Satara district of Maharashtra.
Adrian A. S. Barfod, Ingelise Møller, Anders V. Christiansen, Anne-Sophie Høyer, Júlio Hoffimann, Julien Straubhaar, and Jef Caers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3351–3373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3351-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3351-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Three-dimensional geological models are important to securing and managing groundwater. Such models describe the geological architecture, which is used for modeling the flow of groundwater. Common geological modeling approaches result in one model, which does not quantify the architectural uncertainty of the geology.
We present a comparison of three different state-of-the-art stochastic multiple-point statistical methods for quantifying the geological uncertainty using real-world datasets.
Paula Rodríguez-Escales, Arnau Canelles, Xavier Sanchez-Vila, Albert Folch, Daniel Kurtzman, Rudy Rossetto, Enrique Fernández-Escalante, João-Paulo Lobo-Ferreira, Manuel Sapiano, Jon San-Sebastián, and Christoph Schüth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3213–3227, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3213-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3213-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we have developed a methodology to evaluate the failure risk of managed aquifer recharge, and we have applied it to six different facilities located in the Mediterranean Basin. The methodology was based on the development of a probabilistic risk assessment based on fault trees. We evaluated both technical and non-technical issues, the latter being more responsible for failure risk.
Minh Tu Pham, Hilde Vernieuwe, Bernard De Baets, and Niko E. C. Verhoest
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1263–1283, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1263-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1263-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, stochastically generated rainfall and corresponding evapotranspiration time series, generated by means of vine copulas, are used to force a simple conceptual hydrological model. The results obtained are comparable to the modelled discharge using observed forcing data. Yet, uncertainties in the modelled discharge increase with an increasing number of stochastically generated time series used. Still, the developed model has great potential for hydrological impact analysis.
Cristina Aguilar, Alberto Montanari, and María-José Polo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3687–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3687-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3687-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Assuming that floods are driven by both short- (meteorological forcing) and long-term perturbations (higher-than-usual moisture), we propose a technique for updating a season in advance the flood frequency distribution. Its application in the Po and Danube rivers helped to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of floods and thus constitutes a promising tool for real-time management of flood risk mitigation. This study is the result of the stay of the first author at the University of Bologna.
Veit Blauhut, Kerstin Stahl, James Howard Stagge, Lena M. Tallaksen, Lucia De Stefano, and Jürgen Vogt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2779–2800, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2779-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2779-2016, 2016
Claus Davidsen, Suxia Liu, Xingguo Mo, Dan Rosbjerg, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 771–785, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-771-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-771-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In northern China, rivers run dry and groundwater tables drop, causing economic losses for all water use sectors. We present a groundwater-surface water allocation decision support tool for cost-effective long-term recovery of an overpumped aquifer. The tool is demonstrated for a part of the North China Plain and can support the implementation of the recent China No. 1 Document in a rational and economically efficient way.
H. Macian-Sorribes, M. Pulido-Velazquez, and A. Tilmant
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3925–3935, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3925-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3925-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most promising alternatives to improve the efficiency in water usage is the implementation of scarcity-based pricing policies based on the opportunity cost of water at the basin scale. Time series of the marginal value of water at selected locations (reservoirs) are obtained using a stochastic hydro-economic model and then post-processed to define step water pricing policies.
C. Dong, Q. Tan, G.-H. Huang, and Y.-P. Cai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1793–1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1793-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1793-2014, 2014
F. Lombardo, E. Volpi, D. Koutsoyiannis, and S. M. Papalexiou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 243–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-243-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-243-2014, 2014
B. M. C. Fischer, M. L. Mul, and H. H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2161–2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2161-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2161-2013, 2013
J. Lorenzo-Lacruz, E. Morán-Tejeda, S. M. Vicente-Serrano, and J. I. López-Moreno
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 119–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-119-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-119-2013, 2013
E. Baratti, A. Montanari, A. Castellarin, J. L. Salinas, A. Viglione, and A. Bezzi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4651–4660, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4651-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4651-2012, 2012
J. E. Bremer and T. Harter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2453–2467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2453-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2453-2012, 2012
B. Khalil and J. Adamowski
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2253–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2253-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2253-2012, 2012
W. J. Vanhaute, S. Vandenberghe, K. Scheerlinck, B. De Baets, and N. E. C. Verhoest
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 873–891, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-873-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-873-2012, 2012
H. Shang, J. Yan, M. Gebremichael, and S. M. Ayalew
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1937–1944, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1937-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1937-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Ajami, H., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., and Stisen, S.: Assessing the impact of model spin-up on surface water-groundwater interactions using an integrated hydrologic model, Water Resour. Res., 50, 2636–2656,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014258, 2014. a
Alam, S., Gebremichael, M., Li, R., Dozier, J., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Can
Managed Aquifer Recharge Mitigate the Groundwater Overdraft in California's Central Valley?, Water Resour. Res., 56, e2020WR027244, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027244, 2020. a, b, c, d
Andreu, L., Hopmans, J., and Schwankl, L.: Spatial and temporal distribution of soil water balance for a drip-irrigated almond tree, Agr. Water Manage., 35, 123–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00018-8, 1997. a
Ashby, S. F. and Falgout, R. D.: A Parallel Multigrid Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Groundwater Flow Simulations, Nucl. Sci. Eng., 124, 145–159, https://doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24230, 1996. a
Auken, E., Christiansen, A. V., Kirkegaard, C., Fiandaca, G., Schamper, C.,
Behroozmand, A. A., Binley, A., Nielsen, E., Effersø, F., Christensen, N. B., Sørensen, K., Foged, N., and Vignoli, G.: An overview of a highly versatile forward and stable inverse algorithm for airborne, ground-based and
borehole electromagnetic and electric data, Explor. Geophys., 46, 223–235, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG13097, 2015. a
Bachand, P. A. M., Roy, S. B., Choperena, J., Cameron, D., and Horwath, W. R.: Implications of Using On-Farm Flood Flow Capture To Recharge Groundwater and Mitigate Flood Risks Along the Kings River, CA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 13601–13609, https://doi.org/10.1021/es501115c, 2014. a, b, c, d
Bachand, S., Hossner, R., and Bachand, P.: Effects on soil hydrology and salinity, and potential implications on soil oxygen, Final 2017 OFR Comprehensive Report no. 38, Bachand & Associates, 1–39, https://northkingsgsa.org/documents/2017-demo-site-monitoring-and-analyses-effects-on-soil
(last access: 23 February 2023), 2019. a
Bahar, T., Oxarango, L., Castebrunet, H., Rossier, Y., and Mermillod-Blondin,
F.: 3D modelling of solute transport and mixing during managed aquifer
recharge with an infiltration basin, J. Contam. Hydrol., 237, 103758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103758, 2021. a, b
Behroozmand, A. A., Auken, E., and Knight, R.: Assessment of Managed Aquifer Recharge Sites Using a New Geophysical Imaging Method, Vadose Zone J., 18, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.10.0184, 2019. a, b
Belitz, K. and Phillips, S. P.: Alternative to Agricultural Drains in
California's San Joaquin Valley: Results of a Regional-Scale Hydrogeologic Approach, Water Resour. Res., 31, 1845–1862, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01328, 1995. a, b
Bertoldi, G., Johnston, R., and Evenson, K.: Ground water in the Central
Valley, California – A summary report, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1401-A, US Geological Survey, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1401A 1991. a
Bierkens, M. F. P. and Wada, Y.: Non-renewable groundwater use and groundwater depletion: a review, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 063002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1a5f, 2019. a
Botros, F. E., Harter, T., Onsoy, Y. S., Tuli, A., and Hopmans, J. W.: Spatial Variability of Hydraulic Properties and Sediment Characteristics in
a Deep Alluvial Unsaturated Zone, Vadose Zone J., 8, 276–289,
https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0087, 2009. a, b, c
Bouwer, H.: Artificial recharge of groundwater: hydrogeology and engineering,
Hydrogeol. J., 10, 121–142, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0182-4, 2002. a, b, c
Brevik, E. C., Fenton, T. E., and Jaynes, D. B.: Evaluation of the Accuracy
of a Central Iowa Soil Survey and Implications for Precision Soil Management, Precis. Agricult., 4, 331–342, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024960708561, 2003. a
CA DWR: California Water Plan: Update 2018, Tech. ep., California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA,
https://water.ca.gov/programs/california-water-plan/update-2018 (last access: 23 February 2023), 2018a. a
CA DWR: Flood-MAR: Using Flood Water for Managed Aquifer Recharge to Support Sustainable Water Resources, Tech. rep., California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA,
https://water.ca.gov/programs/all-programs/flood-mar (last access: 23 February 2023), 2018b. a
CA DWR: Flood-MAR research and data development plan, Tech. rep., California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, CA,
https://water.ca.gov/programs/all-programs/flood-mar (last access: 23 February 2023), 2019. a
Christiansen, A. V. and Auken, E.: A global measure for depth of investigation, Geophysics, 77, 171–177, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0393.1, 2012. a
Dahlke, H. E., Brown, A. G., Orloff, S., Putnam, D., and O'Geen, T.: Managed
winter flooding of alfalfa recharges groundwater with minimal crop damage,
California Agricult., 72, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2018a0001, 2018. a
Dai, Y., Zeng, X., Dickinson, R. E., Baker, I., Bonan, G. B., Bosilovich, M. G., Denning, A. S., Dirmeyer, P. A., Houser, P. R., Niu, G., Oleson, K. W., Schlosser, C. A., and Yang, Z. L.: The common land model, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1013–1023, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-8-1013, 2003. a
Dettinger, M. D., Ralph, F. M., Das, T., Neiman, P. J., and Cayan, D. R.:
Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California, Water, 3, 445–478, https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020445, 2011. a
Doll, D. and Shackel, K.: Drought Tip: Drought Management for California Almonds, ANR Publication 8515, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, https://doi.org/10.3733/ucanr.8515, 2015. a, b
Drew, M. C. and Lynch, J. M.: Soil Anaerobiosis, Microorganisms, and Root
Function, Annu. Re. Phytopathol., 18, 37–66, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.18.090180.000345, 1980. a
Fakhreddine, S., Prommer, H., Scanlon, B. R., Ying, S. C., and Nicot, J.-P.:
Mobilization of Arsenic and Other Naturally Occurring Contaminants during Managed Aquifer Recharge: A Critical Review, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2208–2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07492, 2021. a
Faunt, C. C., Belitz, K., and Hanson, R. T.: Development of a three-dimensional model of sedimentary texture in valley-fill deposits of Central Valley, California, USA, Hydrogeol. J., 18, 625–649,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0539-7, 2010. a
Fenwick, D., Scheidt, C., and Caers, J.: Quantifying Asymmetric Parameter
Interactions in Sensitivity Analysis: Application to Reservoir Modeling, Math. Geosci., 46, 493–511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-014-9530-5, 2014. a
Fichtner, T., Barquero, F., Sallwey, J., and Stefan, C.: Assessing Managed
Aquifer Recharge Processes under Three Physical Model Concepts, Water, 11, 107, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010107, 2019. a
Fogg, G. E., Carle, S. F., and Green, C.: Connected-network paradigm for the
alluvial aquifer system, in: Theory, modeling, and field investigation in
hydrogeology: a special volume in honor of Shlomo P, Neumans 60th birthday, edited by: Zhang, D. and Winter, C. L., no. 348 in Geological Society of America Special Paper, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, 25–42, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2348-5.25, 2000. a, b
Ganot, Y. and Dahlke, H. E.: Natural and forced soil aeration during
agricultural managed aquifer recharge, Vadose Zone J., 20, e20128, https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20128, 2021. a, b, c, d
Ganot, Y., Holtzman, R., Weisbrod, N., Bernstein, A., Siebner, H., Katz, Y.,
and Kurtzman, D.: Managed aquifer recharge with reverse-osmosis desalinated
seawater: modeling the spreading in groundwater using stable water isotopes,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6323–6333, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6323-2018, 2018. a, b
Goebel, M. and Knight, R.: Recharge site assessment through the integration of surface geophysics and cone penetrometer testing, Vadose Zone J., 20,
e20131, https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20131, 2021. a, b, c, d
Gottschalk, I. P., Hermans, T., Knight, R., Caers, J., Cameron, D. A., Regnery, J., and McCray, J. E.: Integrating non-colocated well and geophysical data to capture subsurface heterogeneity at an aquifer recharge and recovery site, J. Hydrol., 555, 407–419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.028, 2017. a
Gribb, M. M., Šimůnek, J., and Leonard, M. F.: Development of Cone
Penetrometer Method to Determine Soil Hydraulic Properties, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124, 820–829, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:9(820), 1998. a
Haines, S. S., Pidlisecky, A., and Knight, R.: Hydrogeologic structure
underlying a recharge pond delineated with shear‐wave seismic reflection
and cone penetrometer data, Near Surf. Geophys., 7, 329–340,
https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2009036, 2009. a
Harrington, G. A., Gardner, W. P., and Munday, T. J.: Tracking Groundwater
Discharge to a Large River using Tracers and Geophysics, Groundwater, 52, 837–852, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12124, 2014. a
He, X., Bryant, B. P., Moran, T., Mach, K. J., Wei, Z., and Freyberg, D. L.:
Climate-informed hydrologic modeling and policy typology to guide managed
aquifer recharge, Sci. Adv., 7, eabe6025, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe6025, 2021. a
Heilweil, V. M., Benoit, J., and Healy, R. W.: Variably saturated groundwater
modelling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration:
Variably saturated modelling for optimizing trench infiltration, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3010–3019, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10413, 2015. a
Hermans, T., Nguyen, F., Klepikova, M., Dassargues, A., and Caers, J.:
Uncertainty Quantification of Medium-Term Heat Storage From Short-Term Geophysical Experiments Using Bayesian Evidential Learning, Water Resour. Res., 54, 2931–2948, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR022135, 2018. a
Hoffmann, R., Dassargues, A., Goderniaux, P., and Hermans, T.: Heterogeneity
and Prior Uncertainty Investigation Using a Joint Heat and Solute Tracer Experiment in Alluvial Sediments, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 108, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00108, 2019. a
Idelovitch, E. and Michail, M.: Soil-Aquifer Treatment: A New Approach to an Old Method of Wastewater Reuse, J. Water Pollut. Control Federat., 56, 936–943, 1984. a
Johnson, A. I., Moston, R. P., and Morris, D. A.: Physical and hydrologic
properties of water-bearing deposits in subsiding areas in central
California, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 497-A, US Geological Survey, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp497A, 1968. a
Jones, J. E. and Woodward, C. S.: Newton–Krylov-multigrid solvers for
large-scale, highly heterogeneous, variably saturated flow problems, Adv.
Water Resour., 24, 763–774, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00075-0, 2001. a
Knight, R. J. and Endres, A. L.: An Introduction to Rock Physics Principles for Near-Surface Geophysics, in: Near-Surface Geophysics, Investigations in Geophysics, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 31–70, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560801719.ch3, 2005. a, b
Kocis, T. N. and Dahlke, H. E.: Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for
groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California, Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 084009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7b1b, 2017. a
Kollet, S. J. and Maxwell, R. M.: Integrated surface–groundwater flow
modeling: A free-surface overland flow boundary condition in a parallel
groundwater flow model, Adv. Water Resour., 29, 945–958,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.08.006, 2006. a, b
Kollet, S. J. and Maxwell, R. M.: Capturing the influence of groundwater
dynamics on land surface processes using an integrated, distributed watershed
model, Water Resour. Res., 44, W02402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006004, 2008. a
Koumanov, K. S., Hopmans, J. W., and Schwankl, L. W.: Spatial and temporal
distribution of root water uptake of an almond tree under microsprinkler
irrigation, Irrig. Sci., 24, 267–278, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-005-0027-3, 2006. a
Kozlowski, T. T.: Responses of woody plants to flooding and salinity, Tree
Physiol., 17, 490, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/17.7.490, 1997. a
Levintal, E., Kniffin, M. L., Ganot, Y., Marwaha, N., Murphy, N. P., and
Dahlke, H. E.: Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag-MAR) – a method
for sustainable groundwater management: A review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 291–314, https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2022.2050160, 2023. a, b
Lunne, T., Powell, J. J. M., and Robertson, P. K.: Cone Penetration Testing
in Geotechnical Practice, CRC Press, London, UK, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-010-9072-x, 1997. a, b
Ma, X., Dahlke, H., Duncan, R., Doll, D., Martinez, P., Lampinen, B., and Volder, A.: Winter flooding recharges groundwater in almond orchards with limited effects on root dynamics and yield, California Agriculture,
0008-0845, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2022a0008, 2022. a
Maliva, R. G., Clayton, E. A., and Missimer, T. M.: Application of advanced
borehole geophysical logging to managed aquifer recharge investigations,
Hydrogeol. J., 17, 1547–1556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0437-z, 2009. a
Maliva, R. G., Herrmann, R., Coulibaly, K., and Guo, W.: Advanced aquifer
characterization for optimization of managed aquifer recharge, Environ. Earth Sci., 73, 7759–7767, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3167-z, 2015. a
Maples, S. R., Foglia, L., Fogg, G. E., and Maxwell, R. M.: Sensitivity of
hydrologic and geologic parameters on recharge processes in a highly
heterogeneous, semi-confined aquifer system, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2437–2456, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2437-2020, 2020. a
Marwaha, N., Kourakos, G., Levintal, E., and Dahlke, H. E.: Identifying
Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge Locations to Benefit Drinking Water Supply in Rural Communities, Water Resour. Res., 57, e2020WR028811, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028811, 2021. a
Maxwell, R. M. and Miller, N. L.: Development of a Coupled Land Surface and Groundwater Model, J. Hydrometeorol., 6, 233–247, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM422.1, 2005. a
Møller, I., Søndergaard, V. H., Jørgensen, F., Auken, E., and Christiansen, A. V.: Integrated management and utilization of hydrogeophysical data on a national scale, Near Surf. Geophys., 7, 647–659,
https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2009031, 2009. a
Murphy, N. P., Waterhouse, H., and Dahlke, H. E.: Influence of agricultural
managed aquifer recharge on nitrate transport: The role of soil texture and
flooding frequency, Vadose Zone J., 20, e20150, https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20150, 2021. a, b, c
Neuman, S. P. and Witherspoon, P. A.: Field determination of the hydraulic
properties of leaky multiple aquifer systems, Water Resour. Res., 8, 1284–1298, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR008i005p01284, 1972. a
Niswonger, R. G., Morway, E. D., Triana, E., and Huntington, J. L.: Managed
aquifer recharge through off-season irrigation in agricultural regions: Managed aquifer recharge in agriculture, Water Resour. Res., 53, 6970–6992, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020458, 2017. a
O'Geen, A., Saal, M., Dahlke, H., Doll, D., Elkins, R., Fulton, A., Fogg, G.,
Harter, T., Hopmans, J. W., Ingels, C., Niederholzer, F., Solis, S. S.,
Verdegaal, P., and Walkinshaw, M.: Soil suitability index identifies potential areas for groundwater banking on agricultural lands, California
Agricult., 69, 75–84, https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v069n02p75, 2015. a, b, c, d
O'Leary, D. R., Izbicki, J. A., Moran, J. E., Meeth, T., Nakagawa, B., Metzger, L., Bonds, C., and Singleton, M. J.: Movement of Water Infiltrated from a Recharge Basin to Wells, Ground Water, 50, 242–255,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00838.x, 2012. a, b
Park, J., Yang, G., Satija, A., Scheidt, C., and Caers, J.: DGSA: A Matlab toolbox for distance-based generalized sensitivity analysis of geoscientific computer experiments, Comput. Geosci., 97, 15–29,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2016.08.021, 2016. a
Parker, T. K., Jansen, J., Behroozmand, A., Halkjaer, M., and Thorn, P.:
Applied Geophysics for Managed Aquifer Recharge, Groundwater, 60, 606–618, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13235, 2022. a
Pepin, K., Knight, R., Goebel‐Szenher, M., and Kang, S.: Managed aquifer
recharge site assessment with electromagnetic imaging: Identification of
recharge flow paths, Vadose Zone J., 21, e20192, https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20192, 2022. a
Perzan, Z., Babey, T., Caers, J., Bargar, J. R., and Maher, K.: Loca and
Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Reactive Transport Model Simulating Floodplain Redox Cycling, Water Resour. Res., 57, e2021WR029723, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029723, 2021. a
Perzan, Z., Osterman, G., and Maher, K.: Data-model files associated with the
manuscript “Controls on flood managed aquifer recharge through a
heterogeneous vadose zone”, Stanford Digital Repository [data set], https://doi.org/10.25740/hj302gv2126, 2023. a
Phillips, S. P. and Belitz, K.: Calibration of a Texture-Based Model of a
Ground-Water Flow System, Western San Joaquin Valley, California, Groundwater, 29, 702–715, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00562.x, 1991. a
Podgorski, J. E., Auken, E., Schamper, C., Vest Christiansen, A., Kalscheuer,
T., and Green, A. G.: Processing and inversion of commercial helicopter
time-domain electromagnetic data for environmental assessments and geologic
and hydrologic mapping, Geophysics, 78, E149–E159, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0452.1, 2013. a
Qi, C. and Zhan, H.: Soil Property and Subsurface Heterogeneity Control on Groundwater Recharge of Vadose Zone Injection Wells, J. Hydrol. Eng., 27, 04021052, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002158, 2022. a
Rahman, M. A., Rusteberg, B., Gogu, R., Lobo Ferreira, J., and Sauter, M.: A
new spatial multi-criteria decision support tool for site selection for
implementation of managed aquifer recharge, J. Environ. Manage., 99, 61–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.003, 2012. a
Ringleb, J., Sallwey, J., and Stefan, C.: Assessment of Managed Aquifer
Recharge through Modeling – A Review, Water, 8, 579, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8120579, 2016. a
Robertson, P.: Cone penetration test (CPT)-based soil behaviour type (SBT)
classification system – an update, Can. Geotech. J., 53, 1910–1927, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0044, 2016. a
Robertson, P. K.: Interpretation of cone penetration tests – a unified
approach, Can. Geotech. J., 46, 1337–1355, https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-065, 2009. a
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng,
C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin, J. K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.: The Global Land Data
Assimilation System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 381–394, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381, 2004. a
Rudnik, G., Rabinovich, A., Siebner, H., Katz, Y., and Kurtzman, D.: Exploring Predictive Uncertainty at a Double-Source Managed Aquifer Recharge Site via Stochastic Modeling, Water Resour. Res., 58, e2021WR031241, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031241, 2022. a
Russo, D. and Bouton, M.: Statistical analysis of spatial variability in
unsaturated flow parameters, Water Resour. Res., 28, 1911–1925,
https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00669, 1992. a
Russo, D., Kurtzman, D., and Nachshon, U.: Hydraulic Issues Concerning
Injection of Harvested Rainwater to the Subsurface Through Drywells: Insight From Numerical Simulations of Flow in a Realistic Combined Vadose Zone-Groundwater Flow System, Water Resour. Res., 58, e2021WR031881, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031881, 2022. a, b, c
Russo, T. A., Fisher, A. T., and Lockwood, B. S.: Assessment of Managed
Aquifer Recharge Site Suitability Using a GIS and Modeling, Groundwater, 53, 389–400, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12213, 2015. a, b, c
Sallwey, J., Glass, J., and Stefan, C.: Utilizing unsaturated soil zone models for assessing managed aquifer recharge, Sustain. Water Resour. Manage., 4, 383–397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-018-0214-z, 2018. a, b, c
Saltelli, A., ed.: Global sensitivity analysis: the primer, John Wiley,
Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470725184, 2008. a
Sattel, D. and Kgotlhang, L.: Groundwater exploration with AEM in the Boteti Area, Botswana, Explo. Geophys., 35, 147–156, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG04147, 2004. a
Scanlon, B. R., Reedy, R. C., Faunt, C. C., Pool, D., and Uhlman, K.: Enhancing drought resilience with conjunctive use and managed aquifer recharge in California and Arizona, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 049501,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/049501, 2016. a
Sendrós, A., Himi, M., Lovera, R., Rivero, L., Garcia-Artigas, R., Urruela, A., and Casas, A.: Geophysical Characterization of Hydraulic Properties around a Managed Aquifer Recharge System over the Llobregat River
Alluvial Aquifer (Barcelona Metropolitan Area), Water, 12, 3455,
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123455, 2020a. a
Sendrós, A., Himi, M., Lovera, R., Rivero, L., Garcia‐Artigas, R., Urruela, A., and Casas, A.: Electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of two managed aquifer recharge ponds in the alluvial aquifer of the Llobregat
River (Barcelona, Spain), Near Surf. Geophys., 18, 353–368, https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12113, 2020b. a
Shen, S.-L., Wang, J.-P., Wu, H.-N., Xu, Y.-S., Ye, G.-L., and Yin, Z.-Y.:
Evaluation of hydraulic conductivity for both marine and deltaic deposits
based on piezocone testing, Ocean Eng., 110, 174–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.10.011, 2015. a
Siemon, B., Christiansen, A. V., and Auken, E.: A review of helicopter‐borne
electromagnetic methods for groundwater exploration, Near Surf. Geophys., 7, 629–646, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2009043, 2009. a
Smith, S., reedmaxwell, i-ferguson, Engdahl, N., Gasper, F., Avery, P., Chennault, C., Jourdain, S., grapp1, Condon, L., Kulkarni, K., Bansal, V., xy124, Bennett, A., basileh, Thompson, D., Lazzeri Kitware, D., Swilley, J., Beisman, J., alanquits, Coon, E., Bertolacci, I. M. S., Lührs, S., arezaii, aureliayang, and cswoodward: parflow/parflow: ParFlow Version 3.10.0 (v3.10.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6413322, 2022. a
United Nations: The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022: Groundwater: Making the invisible visible, UNESCO, Paris, France, ISBN 978-92-3-100507-7, 2022. a
USDA: California Almond Objective Measurement Report, Objective Measurement Report, United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Sacramento, CA, https://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/2022_ObjectiveReport.pdf (last access: 23 February 2023), 2022. a
van Genuchten, M. T.: A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x, 1980. a, b
Voyiadjis, G. Z. and Song, C. R.: Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity
Using Piezocone Penetration Test, Int. J. Geomech., 3, 217–224, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2003)3:2(217), 2003. a
Wackernagel, H.: Multivariate geostatistics, in: 3rd Edn., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-44142-7, 2003. a
Walsh, D. O., Grunewald, E. D., Turner, P., Hinnell, A., and Ferre, T. P.:
Surface NMR instrumentation and methods for detecting and characterizing
water in the vadose zone, Near Surf. Geophys., 12, 271–284, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2013066, 2014. a
Waterhouse, H., Arora, B., Spycher, N. F., Nico, P. S., Ulrich, C., Dahlke,
H. E., and Horwath, W. R.: Influence of Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (AgMAR) and Stratigraphic Heterogeneities on Nitrate Reduction in the Deep Subsurface, Water Resour. Res., 57, e2020WR029148, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029148, 2021. a
Xia, Y., Mitchell, K., Ek, M., Sheffield, J., Cosgrove, B., Wood, E., Luo, L., Alonge, C., Wei, H., Meng, J., Livneh, B., Lettenmaier, D., Koren, V., Duan, Q., Mo, K., Fan, Y., and Mocko, D.: Continental-scale water and energy flux analysis and validation for the North American Land Data Assimilation System project phase 2 (NLDAS-2): 1. Intercomparison and application of model products: Water and energy flux analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D03109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016048, 2012.
a
Zamora, C.: Estimating Water Fluxes Across the Sediment–Water Interface in the Lower Merced River, California, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5216, US Geological Survey, Reston, VA, https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5216/ (last access: 23 February 2023), 2008.
a
Zhu, J. and Mohanty, B. P.: Spatial Averaging of van Genuchten Hydraulic
Parameters for Steady-State Flow in Heterogeneous Soils: A Numerical Study, Vadose Zone J., 1, 261–272, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2002.2610, 2002. a, b
Short summary
In this study, we simulate flood managed aquifer recharge – the process of intentionally inundating land to replenish depleted aquifers – at a site imaged with geophysical equipment. Results show that layers of clay and silt trap recharge water above the water table, where it is inaccessible to both plants and groundwater wells. Sensitivity analyses also identify the main sources of uncertainty when simulating managed aquifer recharge, helping to improve future forecasts of site performance.
In this study, we simulate flood managed aquifer recharge – the process of intentionally...
