Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 71–89, 2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-71-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 71–89, 2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-71-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
06 Jan 2022
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 06 Jan 2022
Improved representation of agricultural land use and crop management for large-scale hydrological impact simulation in Africa using SWAT+
Albert Nkwasa et al.
Related authors
Anna Msigwa, Celray James Chawanda, Hans Charles Komakech, Albert Nkwasa, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-171, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Agro-hydrological model applications in Africa basins do not represent different cropping seasons as they exist. Seasonal land-use dynamic represented in SWAT+ improved the model performance: the PBIAS reduced by 7.8 % and the NSE increased from −0.46 to 0.4 for monthly ET analysis as compared with remote sensing ET. The representation of season land-use dynamics is essential to correctly simulate the agricultural (blue and green) water consumption in African cultivated catchments.
Inne Vanderkelen, Shervan Gharari, Naoki Mizukami, Martyn P. Clark, David M. Lawrence, Sean Swenson, Yadu Pokhrel, Naota Hanasaki, Ann van Griensven, and Wim Thiery
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4163–4192, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Human-controlled reservoirs have a large influence on the global water cycle. However, dam operations are rarely represented in Earth system models. We implement and evaluate a widely used reservoir parametrization in a global river-routing model. Using observations of individual reservoirs, the reservoir scheme outperforms the natural lake scheme. However, both schemes show a similar performance due to biases in runoff timing and magnitude when using simulated runoff.
Estifanos Addisu Yimer, Ryan T. Bailey, Lise Leda Piepers, Jiri Nossent, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-169, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-169, 2022
Preprint under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
A recently developed groundwater module (gwflow) coupled with the soil water assessment tool (SWAT+) is used to simulate the streamflow of the Dijle catchment, Belgium. The standalone model (SWAT+) resulted in unsatisfactory streamflow simulations while SWAT+gwflow produced streamflow that considerably mimics the measured river discharge. Furthermore, modifications to the gwflow module are made to account for the vital hydrological process (groundwater-soil profile interactions).
Alemu Yenehun, Mekete Dessie, Fenta Nigate, Ashebir Sewale Belay, Mulugeta Azeze, Marc Van Camp, Derbew Fenetie Taye, Desale Kidane, Enyew Adgo, Jan Nyssen, Ann van Griensven, and Kristine Walraevens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-527, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-527, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Population growth, industrial expansion, and climate change are causing stress on the limited freshwater resources of the globe. Groundwater is one of the important freshwater resources. Hence, managing these limited resources is a key task for the sector experts. To do so, understanding recharge processes and its quantification is vital. In this study, three different methods using measured data are applied to estimate recharge and identify the controlling factors.
Anna Msigwa, Celray James Chawanda, Hans Charles Komakech, Albert Nkwasa, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-171, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Agro-hydrological model applications in Africa basins do not represent different cropping seasons as they exist. Seasonal land-use dynamic represented in SWAT+ improved the model performance: the PBIAS reduced by 7.8 % and the NSE increased from −0.46 to 0.4 for monthly ET analysis as compared with remote sensing ET. The representation of season land-use dynamics is essential to correctly simulate the agricultural (blue and green) water consumption in African cultivated catchments.
Imeshi Weerasinghe, Wim Bastiaanssen, Marloes Mul, Li Jia, and Ann van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1565–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water resource allocation to various sectors requires an understanding of the hydrological cycle, where evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component. Satellite-derived products estimate ET but are hard to evaluate at large scales. This work presents an alternate evaluation methodology to point-scale observations in Africa. The paper enables users to select an ET product based on their performance regarding selected criteria using a ranking system. The highest ranked products are WaPOR and CMRSET.
Sibyll Schaphoff, Werner von Bloh, Anja Rammig, Kirsten Thonicke, Hester Biemans, Matthias Forkel, Dieter Gerten, Jens Heinke, Jonas Jägermeyr, Jürgen Knauer, Fanny Langerwisch, Wolfgang Lucht, Christoph Müller, Susanne Rolinski, and Katharina Waha
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1343–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1343-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1343-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we provide a comprehensive model description of a global terrestrial biosphere model, named LPJmL4, incorporating the carbon and water cycle and the quantification of agricultural production. The model allows for the consistent and joint quantification of climate and land use change impacts on the biosphere. The model represents the key ecosystem functions, but also the influence of humans on the biosphere. It comes with an evaluation paper to demonstrate the credibility of LPJmL4.
Tadesse Alemayehu, Ann van Griensven, Befekadu Taddesse Woldegiorgis, and Willy Bauwens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4449–4467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4449-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4449-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this paper is to improve the vegetation growth modelling in SWAT for tropical ecosystems. Therefore, we propose a straightforward but robust soil moisture index (SMI) – a quotient of rainfall (P) and reference evapotranspiration (ETr) – to dynamically initiate a new growth cycle within a predefined period. Our results for the Mara Basin (Kenya/Tanzania) show that the simulated LAI corresponds well with the MODIS LAI for for evergreen forest, savanna grassland and shrubland.
Lan T. Ha, Wim G. M. Bastiaanssen, Ann van Griensven, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, and Gabriel B. Senay
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-251, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-251, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The paper shows a new approach in calibrating hydrological model using remote sensing data from open access sources. The innovation is that the parameters of the soil-vegetation processes were optimized that will make SWAT a useful tool for optimizing water conservation, agricultural outputs, and ecosystem services such as reduced soil erosion, better water quality standards, carbon sequestration, micro-climate cooling and appraising scenarios of green growth.
J. Jägermeyr, D. Gerten, J. Heinke, S. Schaphoff, M. Kummu, and W. Lucht
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3073-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3073-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a process-based simulation of global irrigation systems for the world’s major crop types. This study advances the global quantification of irrigation systems while providing a framework for assessing potential future transitions in these systems, a prerequisite for refined simulation of crop yields under climate change. We reveal for many river basins the potential for sizeable water savings and related increases in water productivity through irrigation improvements.
M. Arias-Hidalgo, B. Bhattacharya, A. E. Mynett, and A. van Griensven
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2905–2915, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2905-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2905-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Flood forecasting with machine learning models in an operational framework
Precipitation fate and transport in a Mediterranean catchment through models calibrated on plant and stream water isotope data
High-resolution satellite products improve hydrological modeling in northern Italy
Analysis of high streamflow extremes in climate change studies: how do we calibrate hydrological models?
A conceptual-model-based sediment connectivity assessment for patchy agricultural catchments
The Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project Phase 4: the Great Lakes (GRIP-GL)
Spatial extrapolation of stream thermal peaks using heterogeneous time series at a national scale
Revisiting parameter sensitivities in the variable infiltration capacity model across a hydroclimatic gradient
Deep learning rainfall–runoff predictions of extreme events
Diel streamflow cycles suggest more sensitive snowmelt-driven streamflow to climate change than land surface modeling does
Teaching hydrological modelling: illustrating model structure uncertainty with a ready-to-use computational exercise
Effects of spatial and temporal variability in surface water inputs on streamflow generation and cessation in the rain–snow transition zone
Quantifying multi-year hydrological memory with Catchment Forgetting Curves
On constraining a lumped hydrological model with both piezometry and streamflow: results of a large sample evaluation
Influences of land use changes on the dynamics of water quantity and quality in the German lowland catchment of the Stör
Impact of spatial distribution information of rainfall in runoff simulation using deep learning method
Towards effective drought monitoring in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: implications from assimilating leaf area index and soil moisture into the Noah-MP land surface model for Morocco
The effects of spatial and temporal resolution of gridded meteorological forcing on watershed hydrological responses
Hydrological response of a peri-urban catchment exploiting conventional and unconventional rainfall observations: the case study of Lambro Catchment
Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach
The value of satellite soil moisture and snow cover data for the transfer of hydrological model parameters to ungauged sites
An Algorithm for Deriving the Topology of Below-ground Urban Stormwater Networks
Storylines of UK drought based on the 2010–2012 event
Uncertainty estimation with deep learning for rainfall–runoff modeling
Applying non-parametric Bayesian networks to estimate maximum daily river discharge: potential and challenges
Contrasting changes in hydrological processes of the Volta River basin under global warming
A retrospective on hydrological catchment modelling based on half a century with the HBV model
Ecosystem adaptation to climate change: the sensitivity of hydrological predictions to time-dynamic model parameters
Rainfall–runoff relationships at event scale in western Mediterranean ephemeral streams
Combined impacts of uncertainty in precipitation and air temperature on simulated mountain system recharge from an integrated hydrologic model
Simultaneous assimilation of water levels from river gauges and satellite flood maps for near-real-time flood mapping
Remote sensing-aided rainfall–runoff modeling in the tropics of Costa Rica
Assessing the influence of water sampling strategy on the performance of tracer-aided hydrological modeling in a mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau
Drivers of drought-induced shifts in the water balance through a Budyko approach
Regionalization of hydrological model parameters using gradient boosting machine
Aquifer recharge in the Piedmont Alpine zone: historical trends and future scenarios
How well are we able to close the water budget at the global scale?
Bending of the concentration discharge relationship can inform about in-stream nitrate removal
Quantifying the impacts of land cover change on hydrological responses in the Mahanadi river basin in India
Identification of the contributing area to river discharge during low-flow periods
Simulating sediment discharge at water treatment plants under different land use scenarios using cascade modelling with an expert-based erosion-runoff model and a deep neural network
In-stream Escherichia coli modeling using high-temporal-resolution data with deep learning and process-based models
Can we use precipitation isotope outputs of isotopic general circulation models to improve hydrological modeling in large mountainous catchments on the Tibetan Plateau?
Large-sample assessment of spatial scaling effects of the distributed wflow_sbm hydrological model shows that finer spatial resolution does not necessarily lead to better streamflow estimates
Small-scale topography explains patterns and dynamics of dissolved organic carbon exports from the riparian zone of a temperate, forested catchment
Effects of spatial resolution of terrain models on modelled discharge and soil loss in Oaxaca, Mexico
Benchmarking data-driven rainfall–runoff models in Great Britain: a comparison of long short-term memory (LSTM)-based models with four lumped conceptual models
Numerical daemons of hydrological models are summoned by extreme precipitation
How is Baseflow Index (BFI) impacted by water resource management practices?
Technical note: RAT – a robustness assessment test for calibrated and uncalibrated hydrological models
Sella Nevo, Efrat Morin, Adi Gerzi Rosenthal, Asher Metzger, Chen Barshai, Dana Weitzner, Dafi Voloshin, Frederik Kratzert, Gal Elidan, Gideon Dror, Gregory Begelman, Grey Nearing, Guy Shalev, Hila Noga, Ira Shavitt, Liora Yuklea, Moriah Royz, Niv Giladi, Nofar Peled Levi, Ofir Reich, Oren Gilon, Ronnie Maor, Shahar Timnat, Tal Shechter, Vladimir Anisimov, Yotam Gigi, Yuval Levin, Zach Moshe, Zvika Ben-Haim, Avinatan Hassidim, and Yossi Matias
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4013–4032, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4013-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4013-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Early flood warnings are one of the most effective tools to save lives and goods. Machine learning (ML) models can improve flood prediction accuracy but their use in operational frameworks is limited. The paper presents a flood warning system, operational in India and Bangladesh, that uses ML models for forecasting river stage and flood inundation maps and discusses the models' performances. In 2021, more than 100 million flood alerts were sent to people near rivers over an area of 470 000 km2.
Matthias Sprenger, Pilar Llorens, Francesc Gallart, Paolo Benettin, Scott T. Allen, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4093–4107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our catchment-scale transit time modeling study shows that including stable isotope data on evapotranspiration in addition to the commonly used stream water isotopes helps constrain the model parametrization and reveals that the water taken up by plants has resided longer in the catchment storage than the water leaving the catchment as stream discharge. This finding is important for our understanding of how water is stored and released, which impacts the water availability for plants and humans.
Lorenzo Alfieri, Francesco Avanzi, Fabio Delogu, Simone Gabellani, Giulia Bruno, Lorenzo Campo, Andrea Libertino, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Dominik Rains, Diego G. Miralles, Raphael Quast, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Huan Wu, and Luca Brocca
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3921–3939, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work shows advances in high-resolution satellite data for hydrology. We performed hydrological simulations for the Po River basin using various satellite products, including precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and snow depth. Evaporation and snow depth improved a simulation based on high-quality ground observations. Interestingly, a model calibration relying on satellite data skillfully reproduces observed discharges, paving the way to satellite-driven hydrological applications.
Bruno Majone, Diego Avesani, Patrick Zulian, Aldo Fiori, and Alberto Bellin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3863–3883, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3863-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3863-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we introduce a methodology for devising reliable future high streamflow scenarios from climate change simulations. The calibration of a hydrological model is carried out to maximize the probability that the modeled and observed high flow extremes belong to the same statistical population. Application to the Adige River catchment (southeastern Alps, Italy) showed that this procedure produces reliable quantiles of the annual maximum streamflow for use in assessment studies.
Pedro V. G. Batista, Peter Fiener, Simon Scheper, and Christine Alewell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3753–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy agricultural landscapes have a large number of small fields, which are separated by linear features such as roads and field borders. When eroded sediments are transported out of the agricultural fields by surface runoff, these features can influence sediment connectivity. By use of measured data and a simulation model, we demonstrate how a dense road network (and its drainage system) facilitates sediment transport from fields to water courses in a patchy Swiss agricultural catchment.
Juliane Mai, Hongren Shen, Bryan A. Tolson, Étienne Gaborit, Richard Arsenault, James R. Craig, Vincent Fortin, Lauren M. Fry, Martin Gauch, Daniel Klotz, Frederik Kratzert, Nicole O'Brien, Daniel G. Princz, Sinan Rasiya Koya, Tirthankar Roy, Frank Seglenieks, Narayan K. Shrestha, André G. T. Temgoua, Vincent Vionnet, and Jonathan W. Waddell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3537–3572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Model intercomparison studies are carried out to test various models and compare the quality of their outputs over the same domain. In this study, 13 diverse model setups using the same input data are evaluated over the Great Lakes region. Various model outputs – such as streamflow, evaporation, soil moisture, and amount of snow on the ground – are compared using standardized methods and metrics. The basin-wise model outputs and observations are made available through an interactive website.
Aurélien Beaufort, Jacob S. Diamond, Eric Sauquet, and Florentina Moatar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3477–3495, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3477-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3477-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed one of the largest stream temperature databases to calculate a simple, ecologically relevant metric – the thermal peak – that captures the magnitude of summer thermal extremes. Using statistical models, we extrapolated the thermal peak to nearly every stream in France, finding the hottest thermal peaks along large rivers without forested riparian zones and groundwater inputs. Air temperature was a poor proxy for the thermal peak, highlighting the need to grow monitoring networks.
Ulises M. Sepúlveda, Pablo A. Mendoza, Naoki Mizukami, and Andrew J. Newman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3419–3445, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper characterizes parameter sensitivities across more than 5500 grid cells for a commonly used macroscale hydrological model, including a suite of eight performance metrics and 43 soil, vegetation and snow parameters. The results show that the model is highly overparameterized and, more importantly, help to provide guidance on the most relevant parameters for specific target processes across diverse climatic types.
Jonathan M. Frame, Frederik Kratzert, Daniel Klotz, Martin Gauch, Guy Shelev, Oren Gilon, Logan M. Qualls, Hoshin V. Gupta, and Grey S. Nearing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3377–3392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The most accurate rainfall–runoff predictions are currently based on deep learning. There is a concern among hydrologists that deep learning models may not be reliable in extrapolation or for predicting extreme events. This study tests that hypothesis. The deep learning models remained relatively accurate in predicting extreme events compared with traditional models, even when extreme events were not included in the training set.
Sebastian A. Krogh, Lucia Scaff, James W. Kirchner, Beatrice Gordon, Gary Sterle, and Adrian Harpold
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3393–3417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new way to detect snowmelt using daily cycles in streamflow driven by solar radiation. Results show that warmer sites have earlier and more intermittent snowmelt than colder sites, and the timing of early snowmelt events is strongly correlated with the timing of streamflow volume. A space-for-time substitution shows greater sensitivity of streamflow timing to climate change in colder rather than in warmer places, which is then contrasted with land surface simulations.
Wouter J. M. Knoben and Diana Spieler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3299–3314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces educational materials that can be used to teach students about model structure uncertainty in hydrological modelling. There are many different hydrological models and differences between these models impact their usefulness in different places. Such models are often used to support decision making about water resources and to perform hydrological science, and it is thus important for students to understand that model choice matters.
Leonie Kiewiet, Ernesto Trujillo, Andrew Hedrick, Scott Havens, Katherine Hale, Mark Seyfried, Stephanie Kampf, and Sarah E. Godsey
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2779–2796, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change affects precipitation phase, which can propagate into changes in streamflow timing and magnitude. This study examines how variations in rainfall and snowmelt affect discharge. We found that annual discharge and stream cessation depended on the magnitude and timing of rainfall and snowmelt and on the snowpack melt-out date. This highlights the importance of precipitation timing and emphasizes the need for spatiotemporally distributed simulations of snowpack and rainfall dynamics.
Alban de Lavenne, Vazken Andréassian, Louise Crochemore, Göran Lindström, and Berit Arheimer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2715–2732, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A watershed remembers the past to some extent, and this memory influences its behavior. This memory is defined by the ability to store past rainfall for several years. By releasing this water into the river or the atmosphere, it tends to forget. We describe how this memory fades over time in France and Sweden. A few watersheds show a multi-year memory. It increases with the influence of groundwater or dry conditions. After 3 or 4 years, they behave independently of the past.
Antoine Pelletier and Vazken Andréassian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2733–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2733-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2733-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A large part of the water cycle takes place underground. In many places, the soil stores water during the wet periods and can release it all year long, which is particularly visible when the river level is low. Modelling tools that are used to simulate and forecast the behaviour of the river struggle to represent this. We improved an existing model to take underground water into account using measurements of the soil water content. Results allow us make recommendations for model users.
Chaogui Lei, Paul D. Wagner, and Nicola Fohrer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2561–2582, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We presented an integrated approach to hydrologic modeling and partial least squares regression quantifying land use change impacts on water and nutrient balance over 3 decades. Results highlight that most variations (70 %–80 %) in water quantity and quality variables are explained by changes in land use class-specific areas and landscape metrics. Arable land influences water quantity and quality the most. The study provides insights on water resources management in rural lowland catchments.
Yang Wang and Hassan A. Karimi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2387–2403, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We found that rainfall data with spatial information can improve the model's performance, especially when simulating the future multi-day discharges. We did not observe that regional LSTM as a regional model achieved better results than LSTM as individual model. This conclusion applies to both one-day and multi-day simulations. However, we found that using spatially distributed rainfall data can reduce the difference between individual LSTM and regional LSTM.
Wanshu Nie, Sujay V. Kumar, Kristi R. Arsenault, Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Iliana E. Mladenova, Karim Bergaoui, Abheera Hazra, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Sarith P. Mahanama, Rachael McDonnell, David M. Mocko, and Mahdi Navari
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2365–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region faces significant food and water insecurity and hydrological hazards. Here we investigate the value of assimilating remote sensing data sets into an Earth system model to help build an effective drought monitoring system and support risk mitigation and management by countries in the region. We highlight incorporating satellite-informed vegetation conditions into the model as being one of the key processes for a successful application for the region.
Pin Shuai, Xingyuan Chen, Utkarsh Mital, Ethan T. Coon, and Dipankar Dwivedi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2245–2276, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using an integrated watershed model, we compared simulated watershed hydrologic variables driven by three publicly available gridded meteorological forcings (GMFs) at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Our results demonstrated that spatially distributed variables are sensitive to the spatial resolution of the GMF. The temporal resolution of the GMF impacts the dynamics of watershed responses. The choice of GMF depends on the quantity of interest and its spatial and temporal scales.
Greta Cazzaniga, Carlo De Michele, Michele D'Amico, Cristina Deidda, Antonio Ghezzi, and Roberto Nebuloni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 2093–2111, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall estimates are usually obtained from rain gauges, weather radars, or satellites. An alternative is the measurement of the signal loss induced by rainfall on commercial microwave links (CMLs). In this work, we assess the hydrologic response of Lambro Basin when CML-retrieved rainfall is used as model input. CML estimates agree with rain gauge data. CML-driven discharge simulations show performance comparable to that from rain gauges if a CML-based calibration of the model is undertaken.
Christopher Spence, Zhihua He, Kevin R. Shook, Balew A. Mekonnen, John W. Pomeroy, Colin J. Whitfield, and Jared D. Wolfe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1801–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We determined how snow and flow in small creeks change with temperature and precipitation in the Canadian Prairie, a region where water resources are often under stress. We tried something new. Every watershed in the region was placed in one of seven groups based on their landscape traits. We selected one of these groups and used its traits to build a model of snow and streamflow. It worked well, and by the 2040s there may be 20 %–40 % less snow and 30 % less streamflow than the 1980s.
Rui Tong, Juraj Parajka, Borbála Széles, Isabella Greimeister-Pfeil, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Jürgen Komma, Peter Valent, and Günter Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1779–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The role and impact of using additional data (other than runoff) for the prediction of daily hydrographs in ungauged basins are not well understood. In this study, we assessed the model performance in terms of runoff, soil moisture, and snow cover predictions with the existing regionalization approaches. Results show that the best transfer methods are the similarity and the kriging approaches. The performance of the transfer methods differs between lowland and alpine catchments.
Taher Chegini and Hong-Yi Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-90, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-90, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Below-ground urban stormwater networks (BUSNs) play a critical and irreplaceable role in preventing or mitigating urban floods. But they are often not available for urban flood modeling at the regional or larger scales. We develop a novel algorithm to estimate existing BUSNs using ubiquitously available above-ground data at large scales based on the Graph theory. The algorithm has been validated in different urban areas and thus is well transferable.
Wilson C. H. Chan, Theodore G. Shepherd, Katie Facer-Childs, Geoff Darch, and Nigel W. Arnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1755–1777, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1755-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1755-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We select the 2010–2012 UK drought and investigate an alternative unfolding of the drought from changes to its attributes. We created storylines of drier preconditions, alternative seasonal contributions, a third dry winter, and climate change. Storylines of the 2010–2012 drought show alternative situations that could have resulted in worse conditions than observed. Event-based storylines exploring plausible situations are used that may lead to high impacts and help stress test existing systems.
Daniel Klotz, Frederik Kratzert, Martin Gauch, Alden Keefe Sampson, Johannes Brandstetter, Günter Klambauer, Sepp Hochreiter, and Grey Nearing
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1673–1693, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1673-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution evaluates distributional runoff predictions from deep-learning-based approaches. We propose a benchmarking setup and establish four strong baselines. The results show that accurate, precise, and reliable uncertainty estimation can be achieved with deep learning.
Elisa Ragno, Markus Hrachowitz, and Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1695–1711, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the ability of non-parametric Bayesian networks to reproduce maximum daily discharge in a given month in a catchment when the remaining hydro-meteorological and catchment attributes are known. We show that a saturated network evaluated in an individual catchment can reproduce statistical characteristics of discharge in about ~ 40 % of the cases, while challenges remain when a saturated network considering all the catchments together is evaluated.
Moctar Dembélé, Mathieu Vrac, Natalie Ceperley, Sander J. Zwart, Josh Larsen, Simon J. Dadson, Grégoire Mariéthoz, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1481–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1481-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1481-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change impacts on water resources in the Volta River basin are investigated under various global warming scenarios. Results reveal contrasting changes in future hydrological processes and water availability, depending on greenhouse gas emission scenarios, with implications for floods and drought occurrence over the 21st century. These findings provide insights for the elaboration of regional adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change.
Jan Seibert and Sten Bergström
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1371–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1371-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1371-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological catchment models are commonly used as the basis for water resource management planning. The HBV model, which is a typical example of such a model, was first applied about 50 years ago in Sweden. We describe and reflect on the model development and applications. The aim is to provide an understanding of the background of model development and a basis for addressing the balance between model complexity and data availability that will continue to face hydrologists in the future.
Laurène J. E. Bouaziz, Emma E. Aalbers, Albrecht H. Weerts, Mark Hegnauer, Hendrik Buiteveld, Rita Lammersen, Jasper Stam, Eric Sprokkereef, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Markus Hrachowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1295–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Assuming stationarity of hydrological systems is no longer appropriate when considering land use and climate change. We tested the sensitivity of hydrological predictions to changes in model parameters that reflect ecosystem adaptation to climate and potential land use change. We estimated a 34 % increase in the root zone storage parameter under +2 K global warming, resulting in up to 15 % less streamflow in autumn, due to 14 % higher summer evaporation, compared to a stationary system.
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli, Alberto Martínez-Salvador, Rafael García-Lorenzo, David Espín-Sánchez, and Carmelo Conesa-García
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1243–1260, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ephemeral streams in the western Mediterranean area are driven by the duration, magnitude, and intensity of rainfall events (REs). A detailed statistical analysis showed that the average RE (1.2 d and 1.5 mm) is not enough to generate new flow, which is only guaranteed by events occurring in return periods from 2 to > 50 years. REs explain near to 75 % of new flow, meaning that terrain and lithological characteristics play a fundamental role.
Adam P. Schreiner-McGraw and Hoori Ajami
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1145–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1145-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1145-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of uncertainty in measurements of precipitation and air temperature on simulated groundwater processes in a mountainous watershed. We illustrate the role of topography in controlling how uncertainty in the input datasets propagates through the soil and into the groundwater. While the focus of previous investigations has been on the impact of precipitation uncertainty, we show that air temperature uncertainty is equally important in controlling the groundwater recharge.
Antonio Annis, Fernando Nardi, and Fabio Castelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1019–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we proposed a multi-source data assimilation framework for near-real-time flood mapping. We used a quasi-2D hydraulic model to update model states by injecting both stage gauge observations and satellite-derived flood extents. Results showed improvements in terms of water level prediction and reduction of flood extent uncertainty when assimilating both stage gauges and satellite images with respect to the disjoint assimilation of both observations.
Saúl Arciniega-Esparza, Christian Birkel, Andrés Chavarría-Palma, Berit Arheimer, and José Agustín Breña-Naranjo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 975–999, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the humid tropics, a notoriously data-scarce region, we need to find alternatives in order to reasonably apply hydrological models. Here, we tested remotely sensed rainfall data in order to drive a model for Costa Rica, and we evaluated the simulations against evapotranspiration satellite products. We found that our model was able to reasonably simulate the water balance and streamflow dynamics of over 600 catchments where the satellite data helped to reduce the model uncertainties.
Yi Nan, Zhihua He, Fuqiang Tian, Zhongwang Wei, and Lide Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-44, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-44, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Tracer-aided hydrological model is useful tool to reduce uncertainty of hydrological modeling in cold basins, but there is little guidance on the sampling strategy for isotope analysis, which is important for large mountainous basins. This study evaluated the reliance of the tracer-aided modeling performance on the availability of isotope data in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin and provide implications for collecting water isotope data for running tracer-aided hydrological models.
Tessa Maurer, Francesco Avanzi, Steven D. Glaser, and Roger C. Bales
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 589–607, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-589-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-589-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how much water will end up in rivers is more difficult during droughts because the relationship between precipitation and streamflow can change in unexpected ways. We differentiate between changes that are predictable based on the weather patterns and those harder to predict because they depend on the land and vegetation of a particular region. This work helps clarify why models are less accurate during droughts and helps predict how much water will be available for human use.
Zhihong Song, Jun Xia, Gangsheng Wang, Dunxian She, Chen Hu, and Si Hong
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 505–524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a machine learning approach to regionalize the parameters of a China-wide hydrological model by linking six model parameters with 10 physical attributes (terrain and soil properties). The results show the superiority of machine-learning-based regionalization approach compared with the traditional linear regression method in ungauged regions. We also obtained the relative importance of attributes against model parameters.
Elisa Brussolo, Elisa Palazzi, Jost von Hardenberg, Giulio Masetti, Gianna Vivaldo, Maurizio Previati, Davide Canone, Davide Gisolo, Ivan Bevilacqua, Antonello Provenzale, and Stefano Ferraris
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 407–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we evaluate the past, present and future quantity of groundwater potentially available for drinking purposes in the metropolitan area of Turin, north-western Italy. In order to effectively manage water resources, a knowledge of the water cycle components is necessary, including precipitation, evapotranspiration and subsurface reservoirs. All these components have been carefully evaluated in this paper, using observational datasets and modelling approaches.
Fanny Lehmann, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, and Jonathan Bamber
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-35-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-35-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Many data sources are available to evaluate components of the water cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and terrestrial water storage). Despite this variety, it remains unclear how different combinations of datasets satisfy the conservation of mass. We conducted the most comprehensive analysis of water budget closure on a global scale to date. Our results can serve as a basis to select appropriate datasets for regional hydrological studies.
Joni Dehaspe, Fanny Sarrazin, Rohini Kumar, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Andreas Musolff
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6437–6463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6437-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increased nitrate concentrations in surface waters can compromise river ecosystem health. As riverine nitrate uptake is hard to measure, we explore how low-frequency nitrate concentration and discharge observations (that are widely available) can help to identify (in)efficient uptake in river networks. We find that channel geometry and water velocity rather than the biological uptake capacity dominate the nitrate-discharge pattern at the outlet. The former can be used to predict uptake.
Shaini Naha, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, and Rafael Rosolem
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6339–6357, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6339-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid growth in population in developing countries leads to an increase in food demand, and as a consequence, percentages of land are being converted to cropland which alters river flow processes. This study describes how the hydrology of a flood-prone river basin in India would respond to the current and future changes in land cover. Our findings indicate that the recurrent flood events occurring in the basin might be influenced by these changes in land cover at the catchment scale.
Maxime Gillet, Corinne Le Gal La Salle, Pierre Alain Ayral, Somar Khaska, Philippe Martin, and Patrick Verdoux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6261–6281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6261-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims at identifying the key reservoirs sustaining river low flow during dry summer. The reservoirs are discriminated based on the geological nature of the formations and the geochemical signature of groundwater. Results show the increasing importance to low-flow support of a specific reservoir, showing only a limited outcrop area and becoming preponderant in the heart of the dry season. This finding will contribute to improving the protective measures for preserving low flows.
Edouard Patault, Valentin Landemaine, Jérôme Ledun, Arnaud Soulignac, Matthieu Fournier, Jean-François Ouvry, Olivier Cerdan, and Benoit Laignel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6223–6238, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6223-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6223-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study was to assess the sediment discharge variability at a water treatment plant (Normandy, France) according to multiple realistic land use scenarios. We developed a new cascade modelling approach and simulations suggested that coupling eco-engineering and best farming practices can significantly reduce the sediment discharge (up to 80 %).
Ather Abbas, Sangsoo Baek, Norbert Silvera, Bounsamay Soulileuth, Yakov Pachepsky, Olivier Ribolzi, Laurie Boithias, and Kyung Hwa Cho
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6185–6202, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Correct estimation of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters is critical for public health. Process-driven models and recently data-driven models have been applied for water quality modeling; however, a systematic comparison for simulation of E. coli is missing in the literature. We compared performance of process-driven (HSPF) and data-driven (LSTM) models for E. coli simulation. We show that LSTM can be an alternative to process-driven models for estimation of E. coli in surface waters.
Yi Nan, Zhihua He, Fuqiang Tian, Zhongwang Wei, and Lide Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6151–6172, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6151-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6151-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological modeling has large problems of uncertainty in cold regions. Tracer-aided hydrological models are increasingly used to reduce uncertainty and refine the parameterizations of hydrological processes, with limited application in large basins due to the unavailability of spatially distributed precipitation isotopes. This study explored the utility of isotopic general circulation models in driving a tracer-aided hydrological model in a large basin on the Tibetan Plateau.
Jerom P.M. Aerts, Rolf W. Hut, Nick C. van de Giesen, Niels Drost, Willem J. van Verseveld, Albrecht H. Weerts, and Pieter Hazenberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-605, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-605, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Gridded hydrological modelling moves into the realm of hyper-resolution modelling. In this study we investigate the effect of varying grid cell sizes for wflow_sbm hydrological model. We used a large-sample of basins from CAMELS data set to test the effect that varying grid cell sizes has on the simulation of streamflow at the basin outlet. Results show that there is no single best grid cell size for modelling streamflow for the whole domain.
Benedikt J. Werner, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Andreas Musolff, Gerrit H. de Rooij, Jie Yang, Ralf Gründling, Ulrike Werban, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6067–6086, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from riparian zones (RZs) is an important yet poorly understood component of the catchment carbon budget. This study chemically and spatially classifies DOC source zones within a RZ of a small catchment to assess DOC export patterns. Results highlight that DOC export from only a small fraction of the RZ with distinct DOC composition dominates overall DOC export. The application of a spatial, topographic proxy can be used to improve DOC export models.
Sergio Naranjo, Francelino A. Rodrigues Jr., Georg Cadisch, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura, Mariela Fuentes Ponce, and Carsten Marohn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5561–5588, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We integrate a spatially explicit soil erosion model with plot- and watershed-scale characterization and high-resolution drone imagery to assess the effect of spatial resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) on discharge and soil loss. Results showed reduction in slope due to resampling down of DTM. Higher resolution translates to higher slope, denser fluvial system, and extremer values of soil loss, reducing concentration time and increasing soil loss at the outlet. The best resolution was 4 m.
Thomas Lees, Marcus Buechel, Bailey Anderson, Louise Slater, Steven Reece, Gemma Coxon, and Simon J. Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5517–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5517-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5517-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used deep learning (DL) models to simulate the amount of water moving through a river channel (discharge) based on the rainfall, temperature and potential evaporation in the previous days. We tested the DL models on catchments across Great Britain finding that the model can accurately simulate hydrological systems across a variety of catchment conditions. Ultimately, the model struggled most in areas where there is chalky bedrock and where human influence on the catchment is large.
Peter T. La Follette, Adriaan J. Teuling, Nans Addor, Martyn Clark, Koen Jansen, and Lieke A. Melsen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5425–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological models are useful tools that allow us to predict distributions and movement of water. A variety of numerical methods are used by these models. We demonstrate which numerical methods yield large errors when subject to extreme precipitation. As the climate is changing such that extreme precipitation is more common, we find that some numerical methods are better suited for use in hydrological models. Also, we find that many current hydrological models use relatively inaccurate methods.
John P. Bloomfield, Mengyi Gong, Benjamin P. Marchant, Gemma Coxon, and Nans Addor
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5355–5379, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater provides flow, known as baseflow, to surface streams and rivers. It is important as it sustains the flow of many rivers at times of water stress. However, it may be affected by water management practices. Statistical models have been used to show that abstraction of groundwater may influence baseflow. Consequently, it is recommended that information on groundwater abstraction is included in future assessments and predictions of baseflow.
Pierre Nicolle, Vazken Andréassian, Paul Royer-Gaspard, Charles Perrin, Guillaume Thirel, Laurent Coron, and Léonard Santos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5013–5027, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5013-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5013-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this note, a new method (RAT) is proposed to assess the robustness of hydrological models. The RAT method is particularly interesting because it does not require multiple calibrations (it is therefore applicable to uncalibrated models), and it can be used to determine whether a hydrological model may be safely used for climate change impact studies. Success at the robustness assessment test is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition of model robustness.
Cited articles
Abaci, O. and Papanicolaou, A. T.: Long-term effects of management practices
on water-driven soil erosion in an intense agricultural sub-watershed:
Monitoring and modelling, Hydrol. Process. Int. J., 23, 2818–2837, 2009.
Alemayehu, T., van Griensven, A., and Bauwens, W.: Evaluating CFSR and WATCH
Data as Input to SWAT for the Estimation of the Potential Evapotranspiration
in a Data-Scarce Eastern-African Catchment, J. Hydrol. Eng., 21, 05015028,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001305, 2016.
Alemayehu, T., van Griensven, A., Woldegiorgis, B. T., and Bauwens, W.: An improved SWAT vegetation growth module and its evaluation for four tropical ecosystems, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4449–4467, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4449-2017, 2017.
Arnold, J., Bieger, K., White, M., Srinivasan, R., Dunbar, J., and Allen,
P.: Use of decision tables to simulate management in SWAT+, Water, 10,
713, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060713, 2018.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R.: Large
Area Hydrologic Modeling and Assessment Part I: Model Development1, JAWRA J.
Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34, 73–89,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x, 1998.
Arnold, J. G., Moriasi, D. N., Gassman, P. W., Abbaspour, K. C., White, M.
J., Srinivasan, R., Santhi, C., Harmel, R. D., Van Griensven, A., and Van
Liew, M. W.: SWAT: Model use, calibration, and validation, Trans. ASABE, 55,
1491–1508, 2012.
Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., Srinivasan, R., Williams, J. R., Haney, E. B.,
and Neitsch, S. L.: SWAT 2012 input/output documentation, Texas Water
Resources Institute, 2013.
Asfaw, A., Simane, B., Hassen, A., and Bantider, A.: Variability and time
series trend analysis of rainfall and temperature in northcentral Ethiopia:
A case study in Woleka sub-basin, Weather Clim. Extrem., 19, 29–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2017.12.002, 2018.
Bégué, A., Arvor, D., Bellon, B., Betbeder, J., De Abelleyra, D., P.
D. Ferraz, R., Lebourgeois, V., Lelong, C., Simões, M., and R.
Verón, S.: Remote Sensing and Cropping Practices: A Review, Remote
Sens., 10, 99, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10010099, 2018.
Betrie, G. D., Mohamed, Y. A., van Griensven, A., and Srinivasan, R.: Sediment management modelling in the Blue Nile Basin using SWAT model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 807–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-807-2011, 2011.
Bieger, K., Arnold, J. G., Rathjens, H., White, M. J., Bosch, D. D., Allen,
P. M., Volk, M., and Srinivasan, R.: Introduction to SWAT+, A Completely
Restructured Version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, JAWRA J. Am.
Water Resour. Assoc., 53, 115–130,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12482, 2017.
Burakowski, E., Tawfik, A., Ouimette, A., Lepine, L., Novick, K., Ollinger,
S., Zarzycki, C., and Bonan, G.: The role of surface roughness, albedo, and
Bowen ratio on ecosystem energy balance in the Eastern United States, Agric.
For. Meteorol., 249, 367–376,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.11.030, 2018.
Camberlin, P.: Nile Basin Climates, in: The Nile: Origin, Environments,
Limnology and Human Use, edited by: Dumont, H. J., Springer Netherlands,
Dordrecht, 307–333,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_16, 2009.
Chawanda, C. J., Arnold, J., Thiery, W., and Griensven, A. van: Mass balance
calibration and reservoir representations for large-scale hydrological
impact studies using SWAT+, Clim. Change, 163, 1307–1327,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02924-x, 2020.
Chen, F. and Xie, Z.: Effects of crop growth and development on regional
climate: a case study over East Asian monsoon area, Clim. Dyn., 38,
2291–2305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1125-y, 2012.
Eldardiry, H. and Hossain, F.: Understanding Reservoir Operating Rules in
the Transboundary Nile River Basin Using Macroscale Hydrologic Modeling with
Satellite Measurements, J. Hydrometeorol., 20, 2253–2269,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0058.1, 2019.
Eltahir, E. A. B.: A Soil Moisture–Rainfall Feedback Mechanism: 1. Theory
and observations, Water Resour. Res., 34, 765–776,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03499, 1998.
Estel, S., Kuemmerle, T., Levers, C., Baumann, M., and Hostert, P.: Mapping
cropland-use intensity across Europe using MODIS NDVI time series, Environ.
Res. Lett., 11, 024015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024015, 2016.
FAO: Using remote sensing in support of solutions to reduce agricultural
water productivity gaps, Rome, Italy, available
at: https://www.fao.org/3/i7315en/i7315en.pdf (last access: 20 February 2021), 2018.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S.,
Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., and Roth, L.: The shuttle radar
topography mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183 (data available at: https://cgiarcsi.community/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1/, last access: 8 January 2021), 2007.
Fisher, J. B., Melton, F., Middleton, E., Hain, C., Anderson, M., Allen, R.,
McCabe, M. F., Hook, S., Baldocchi, D., Townsend, P. A., Kilic, A., Tu, K.,
Miralles, D. D., Perret, J., Lagouarde, J.-P., Waliser, D., Purdy, A. J.,
French, A., Schimel, D., Famiglietti, J. S., Stephens, G., and Wood, E. F.:
The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem
functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and
water resources, Water Resour. Res., 53, 2618–2626,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020175, 2017.
Gong, T. T., Lei, H. M., Yang, D. W., Jiao, Y., and Yang, H. B.: Effects of vegetation change on evapotranspiration in a semiarid shrubland of the Loess Plateau, China, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 11, 13571–13605, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-13571-2014, 2014.
Ha, L. T., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Van Griensven, A., Van Dijk, A. I. J. M.,
and Senay, G. B.: Calibration of Spatially Distributed Hydrological
Processes and Model Parameters in SWAT Using Remote Sensing Data and an
Auto-Calibration Procedure: A Case Study in a Vietnamese River Basin, Water,
10, 212, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020212, 2018.
Haregeweyn, N., Tsunekawa, A., Nyssen, J., Poesen, J., Tsubo, M., Tsegaye
Meshesha, D., Schütt, B., Adgo, E., and Tegegne, F.: Soil erosion and
conservation in Ethiopia: A review, Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ., 39,
750–774, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133315598725, 2015.
Haregeweyn, N., Tsunekawa, A., Poesen, J., Tsubo, M., Meshesha, D. T.,
Fenta, A. A., Nyssen, J., and Adgo, E.: Comprehensive assessment of soil
erosion risk for better land use planning in river basins: Case study of the
Upper Blue Nile River, Sci. Total Environ., 574, 95–108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.019, 2017.
Hengl, T., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Kempen, B., Leenaars, J. G. B., Walsh, M.
G., Shepherd, K. D., Sila, A., MacMillan, R. A., Jesus, J. M. de, Tamene,
L., and Tondoh, J. E.: Mapping Soil Properties of Africa at 250 m
Resolution: Random Forests Significantly Improve Current Predictions, PLOS
ONE, 10, e0125814, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125814 (data available at: https://www.isric.org/projects/africa-soil-information-service-afsis, last access: 25 January 2021), 2015.
Hilker, T., Lyapustin, A. I., Tucker, C. J., Hall, F. G., Myneni, R. B.,
Wang, Y., Bi, J., de Moura, Y. M., and Sellers, P. J.: Vegetation dynamics
and rainfall sensitivity of the Amazon, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111,
16041–16046, 2014.
Hurni, H.: Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia, Proceedings 4th International Conference on Soil Conservation, Maracay, Venezuela, 654–674, 1985.
Hurtt, G. C., Chini, L., Sahajpal, R., Frolking, S., Bodirsky, B. L., Calvin, K., Doelman, J. C., Fisk, J., Fujimori, S., Klein Goldewijk, K., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heinimann, A., Humpenöder, F., Jungclaus, J., Kaplan, J. O., Kennedy, J., Krisztin, T., Lawrence, D., Lawrence, P., Ma, L., Mertz, O., Pongratz, J., Popp, A., Poulter, B., Riahi, K., Shevliakova, E., Stehfest, E., Thornton, P., Tubiello, F. N., van Vuuren, D. P., and Zhang, X.: Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5425–5464, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020 (data available at: https://luh.umd.edu/, last access: 31 January 2021), 2020.
Iizumi, T., Kim, W., and Nishimori, M.: Modeling the Global Sowing and
Harvesting Windows of Major Crops Around the Year 2000, J. Adv. Model. Earth
Syst., 11, 99–112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001477, 2019.
Jägermeyr, J., Müller, C., Ruane, A. C., Elliott, J., Balkovic, J.,
Castillo, O., Faye, B., Foster, I., Folberth, C., Franke, J. A., Fuchs, K.,
Guarin, J. R., Heinke, J., Hoogenboom, G., Iizumi, T., Jain, A. K., Kelly,
D., Khabarov, N., Lange, S., Lin, T.-S., Liu, W., Mialyk, O., Minoli, S.,
Moyer, E. J., Okada, M., Phillips, M., Porter, C., Rabin, S. S., Scheer, C.,
Schneider, J. M., Schyns, J. F., Skalsky, R., Smerald, A., Stella, T.,
Stephens, H., Webber, H., Zabel, F., and Rosenzweig, C.: Climate impacts on
global agriculture emerge earlier in new generation of climate and crop
models, Nat. Food, 2, 873–885, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00400-y (data available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062513),
2021.
Lange, S.: EartH2Observe, WFDEI and ERA-Interim data Merged and
Bias-corrected for ISIMIP (EWEMBI), GFZ Data Services [data], https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2016.004,
2016.
Leff, B., Ramankutty, N., and Foley, J. A.: Geographic distribution of major
crops across the world, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB1009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002108, 2004.
Li, L., Friedl, M. A., Xin, Q., Gray, J., Pan, Y., and Frolking, S.: Mapping
Crop Cycles in China Using MODIS-EVI Time Series, Remote Sens., 6,
2473–2493, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6032473, 2014.
Lin, J., Zhang, J., Gu, Z., Chen, J., and Lyu, H.: A new approach of
assessing soil erosion using the remotely sensed leaf area index and its
application in the hilly area, Yegetos, Int. J. Plant Res., 27, 1–12, 2014.
Lokupitiya, E., Denning, S., Paustian, K., Baker, I., Schaefer, K., Verma, S., Meyers, T., Bernacchi, C. J., Suyker, A., and Fischer, M.: Incorporation of crop phenology in Simple Biosphere Model (SiBcrop) to improve land-atmosphere carbon exchanges from croplands, Biogeosciences, 6, 969–986, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-969-2009, 2009.
Lotsch, A., Friedl, M. A., Anderson, B. T., and Tucker, C. J.: Coupled
vegetation-precipitation variability observed from satellite and climate
records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1774, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017506,
2003.
Lu, C. and Tian, H.: Global nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use for agriculture production in the past half century: shifted hot spots and nutrient imbalance, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 181–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-181-2017 (data available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.863323), 2017.
M. El-Marsafawy, S., Swelam, A., and Ghanem, A.: Evolution of Crop Water
Productivity in the Nile Delta over Three Decades (1985–2015), Water, 10,
1168, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091168, 2018.
Ma, T., Duan, Z., Li, R., and Song, X.: Enhancing SWAT with remotely sensed
LAI for improved modelling of ecohydrological process in subtropics, J.
Hydrol., 570, 802–815, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.024, 2019.
Makowski, D., Nesme, T., Papy, F., and Doré, T.: Global agronomy, a new
field of research. A review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 293–307,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0179-0, 2014.
Metzner, J. R. and Barnes, B. H.: Decision table languages and systems, Academic Press, ISBN 978-1483205366, 2014.
Molnár, D. K. and Julien, P. Y.: Estimation of upland erosion using GIS,
Comput. Geosci., 24, 183–192,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00100-3, 1998.
Monteith, J. L.: Radiation and crops, Exp. Agric., 1, 241–251, 1965.
Msigwa, A., Komakech, H. C., Verbeiren, B., Salvadore, E., Hessels, T.,
Weerasinghe, I., and van Griensven, A.: Accounting for Seasonal Land Use
Dynamics to Improve Estimation of Agricultural Irrigation Water Withdrawals,
Water, 11, 2471, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122471, 2019.
Mueller, B., Seneviratne, S. I., Jimenez, C., Corti, T., Hirschi, M.,
Balsamo, G., Ciais, P., Dirmeyer, P., Fisher, J. B., Guo, Z., Jung, M.,
Maignan, F., McCabe, M. F., Reichle, R., Reichstein, M., Rodell, M.,
Sheffield, J., Teuling, A. J., Wang, K., Wood, E. F., and Zhang, Y.:
Evaluation of global observations-based evapotranspiration datasets and IPCC
AR4 simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 3–10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046230, 2011.
Muthoni, F. K., Odongo, V. O., Ochieng, J., Mugalavai, E. M., Mourice, S.
K., Hoesche-Zeledon, I., Mwila, M., and Bekunda, M.: Long-term
spatial-temporal trends and variability of rainfall over Eastern and
Southern Africa, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 137, 1869–1882,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2712-1, 2019.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., Williams, J. R., and King, K.
W.: SWAT theoretical documentation, Soil Water Res. Lab. Grassl., 494,
234–235, 2005.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., and Williams, J. R.: Soil and
water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2009, Texas Water
Resources Institute, 2011.
Ngetich, K. F., Mucheru-Muna, M., Mugwe, J. N., Shisanya, C. A., Diels, J.,
and Mugendi, D. N.: Length of growing season, rainfall temporal
distribution, onset and cessation dates in the Kenyan highlands, Agric. For.
Meteorol., 188, 24–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.12.011,
2014.
Nile Basin Initiative: Land use/cover in the Nile Basin – Nile Basin Water
Resources Atlas, available at: https://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/land-usecover-in-the-nile-basin/ (last access: 8 January 2021), 2016.
Nkwasa, A., Chawanda, C. J., Msigwa, A., Komakech, H. C., Verbeiren, B., and
van Griensven, A.: How Can We Represent Seasonal Land Use Dynamics in SWAT
and SWAT+ Models for African Cultivated Catchments?, Water, 12, 1541,
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061541, 2020.
Nkwasa, A.: Agricultural land use and crop management implementation in large-scale SWAT+ model applications, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5797553, 2021.
O'Neal, M. R., Nearing, M. A., Vining, R. C., Southworth, J., and Pfeifer,
R. A.: Climate change impacts on soil erosion in Midwest United States with
changes in crop management, Catena, 61, 165–184, 2005.
Onyutha, C. and Willems, P.: Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Nile Basin, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2227–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2227-2015, 2015.
Portmann, F. T., Siebert, S., and Döll, P.: MIRCA2000 – Global monthly
irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000: A new high-resolution
data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling, Glob. Biogeochem.
Cycles, 24, GB1011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003435, 2010.
Potter, P., Ramankutty, N., Bennett, E. M., and Donner, S. D.:
Characterizing the spatial patterns of global fertilizer application and
manure production, Earth Interact., 14, 1–22, 2010.
Qi, J., Zhang, X., Yang, Q., Srinivasan, R., Arnold, J. G., Li, J.,
Waldholf, S. T., and Cole, J.: SWAT ungauged: Water quality modeling in the
Upper Mississippi River Basin, J. Hydrol., 584, 124601,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124601, 2020.
Rajib, A., Kim, I. L., Golden, H. E., Lane, C. R., Kumar, S. V., Yu, Z., and
Jeyalakshmi, S.: Watershed Modeling with Remotely Sensed Big Data: MODIS
Leaf Area Index Improves Hydrology and Water Quality Predictions, Remote
Sens., 12, 2148, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132148, 2020.
Raymond, P. A., Oh, N.-H., Turner, R. E., and Broussard, W.:
Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi
River, Nature, 451, 449–452, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06505, 2008.
Rounsevell, M. D. A., Annetts, J. E., Audsley, E., Mayr, T., and Reginster,
I.: Modelling the spatial distribution of agricultural land use at the
regional scale, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 95, 465–479,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00217-7, 2003.
Schuol, J. and Abbaspour, K. C.: Calibration and uncertainty issues of a
hydrological model (SWAT) applied to West Africa, Adv. Geosci., 9, 137–143,
2006.
Schuol, J., Abbaspour, K. C., Yang, H., Srinivasan, R., and Zehnder, A. J.
B.: Modeling blue and green water availability in Africa, Water Resour.
Res., 44, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006609, 2008.
Siad, S. M., Iacobellis, V., Zdruli, P., Gioia, A., Stavi, I., and
Hoogenboom, G.: A review of coupled hydrologic and crop growth models,
Agric. Water Manag., 224, 105746,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105746, 2019.
Siebert, S., Henrich, V., Frenken, K., and Burke, J.: Global map of
irrigation areas version 5, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Univ. Bonn Ger.
Agric. Organ. U. N. Rome Italy, 2, 1299–1327, available at: https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/geospatial-information/global-maps-irrigated-areas/latest-version/ (last access: 16 February 2021), 2013.
Sietz, D., Conradt, T., Krysanova, V., Hattermann, F. F., and Wechsung, F.:
The Crop Generator: Implementing crop rotations to effectively advance
eco-hydrological modelling, Agric. Syst., 193, 103183,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103183, 2021.
Sood, A. and Smakhtin, V.: Global hydrological models: a review, Hydrol.
Sci. J., 60, 549–565, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.950580, 2015.
Souza, V. F. C. de, Bertol, I., and Wolschick, N. H.: Effects of soil
management practices on water erosion under natural rainfall conditions on a
Humic Dystrudept, Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo, 41, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160443, 2017.
Srinivasan, R., Zhang, X., and Arnold, J.: SWAT ungauged: hydrological
budget and crop yield predictions in the Upper Mississippi River Basin,
Trans. ASABE, 53, 1533–1546, 2010.
Srivastava, A., Kumari, N., and Maza, M.: Hydrological Response to
Agricultural Land Use Heterogeneity Using Variable Infiltration Capacity
Model, Water Resour. Manag., 34, 3779–3794,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02630-4, 2020.
Sugita, M., Matsuno, A., El-Kilani, R. M. M., Abdel-Fattah, A., and Mahmoud,
M. A.: Crop evapotranspiration in the Nile Delta under different irrigation
methods, Hydrol. Sci. J., 62, 1618–1635,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2017.1341631, 2017.
Sundborg, A. and White, W. R.: Sedimentation problems in river basins,
France, ISBN 9789231020148, 1982.
Swain, A.: Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: changing
geo-politics and changing climate, Hydrol. Sci. J., 56, 687–702,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.577037, 2011.
Tamene, L. and Le, Q. B.: Estimating soil erosion in sub-Saharan Africa
based on landscape similarity mapping and using the revised universal soil
loss equation (RUSLE), Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosystems, 102, 17–31,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9674-9, 2015.
Twine, T. E., Kucharik, C. J., and Foley, J. A.: Effects of Land Cover
Change on the Energy and Water Balance of the Mississippi River Basin, J.
Hydrometeorol., 5, 640–655,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0640:EOLCCO>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
van Griensven, A., Ndomba, P., Yalew, S., and Kilonzo, F.: Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371–3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012.
Viña, A., Gitelson, A. A., Nguy-Robertson, A. L., and Peng, Y.:
Comparison of different vegetation indices for the remote assessment of
green leaf area index of crops, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 3468–3478,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.010, 2011.
Waha, K., Müller, C., Bondeau, A., Dietrich, J. P., Kurukulasuriya, P.,
Heinke, J., and Lotze-Campen, H.: Adaptation to climate change through the
choice of cropping system and sowing date in sub-Saharan Africa, Glob.
Environ. Change, 23, 130–143,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.001, 2013.
Waha, K., Dietrich, J. P., Portmann, F. T., Siebert, S., Thornton, P. K.,
Bondeau, A., and Herrero, M.: Multiple cropping systems of the world and the
potential for increasing cropping intensity, Glob. Environ. Change, 64,
102131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102131, 2020.
Wang, L., Good, S. P., and Caylor, K. K.: Global synthesis of vegetation
control on evapotranspiration partitioning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41,
6753–6757, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061439, 2014.
Williams, J. R. and Berndt, H. D.: Sediment yield prediction based on
watershed hydrology, Trans. ASAE, 20, 1100–1104, 1977.
Williams, J. R. and Singh, V.: The EPIC Model, Computer models of watershed
hydrology, Water Resour. Publ. Highl. Ranch Colo., 909–1000, 1995.
Xiong, J., Thenkabail, P. S., Gumma, M. K., Teluguntla, P., Poehnelt, J.,
Congalton, R. G., Yadav, K., and Thau, D.: Automated cropland mapping of
continental Africa using Google Earth Engine cloud computing, ISPRS J.
Photogramm. Remote Sens., 126, 225–244,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.01.019, 2017.
Yin, X. and Struik, P. C.: C3 and C4 photosynthesis models: An overview from
the perspective of crop modelling, NJAS – Wagening. J. Life Sci., 57,
27–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2009.07.001, 2009.
Zhang, X., Friedl, M. A., Schaaf, C. B., Strahler, A. H., and Liu, Z.:
Monitoring the response of vegetation phenology to precipitation in Africa
by coupling MODIS and TRMM instruments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D12103,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005263, 2005.
Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Singh, V. P., He, H., He, J., Yin, H., and Zhang, Y.:
Coupled hydrology-crop growth model incorporating an improved
evapotranspiration module, Agric. Water Manag., 246, 106691,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106691, 2021.
Zhao, W., Fu, B., and Qiu, Y.: An Upscaling Method for Cover-Management
Factor and Its Application in the Loess Plateau of China, Int. J. Environ.
Res. Public. Health, 10, 4752–4766, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104752,
2013.
Short summary
We present an approach on how to incorporate crop phenology in a regional hydrological model using decision tables and global datasets of rainfed and irrigated cropland with the associated cropping calendar and management practices. Results indicate improved temporal patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET) simulations in comparison with remote sensing data. In addition, the improvement of the cropping season also helps to improve soil erosion estimates in cultivated areas.
We present an approach on how to incorporate crop phenology in a regional hydrological model...
