Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1247-2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1247-2015
Research article
 | 
05 Mar 2015
Research article |  | 05 Mar 2015

Quantifying groundwater dependence of a sub-polar lake cluster in Finland using an isotope mass balance approach

E. Isokangas, K. Rozanski, P. M. Rossi, A.-K. Ronkanen, and B. Kløve

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AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (03 Dec 2014) by Christine Stumpp
AR by Elina Isokangas on behalf of the Authors (22 Dec 2014)  Author's response   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (22 Dec 2014) by Christine Stumpp
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (08 Jan 2015)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (11 Feb 2015)
ED: Publish as is (12 Feb 2015) by Christine Stumpp
AR by Elina Isokangas on behalf of the Authors (18 Feb 2015)  Manuscript 
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Short summary
An iterative isotope mass balance approach was used to quantify the groundwater dependence of 67 kettle lakes and ponds. A quantitative measure for the dependence of a lake on groundwater (G index) introduced in this study revealed generally large groundwater dependency among the lakes. The isotope mass balance approach proved to be especially useful when the groundwater reliance of lakes situated in a relatively small area with similar climatic conditions needs to be determined.