Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 14
Articles | Volume 30, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4481-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4481-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 14
Research article
 | 
17 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 17 Jul 2026

Climate and landscape jointly control European streamflow behaviour

Julia M. Rudlang, Thiago V. M. do Nascimento, Ruud van der Ent, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Markus Hrachowitz

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Short summary
River flow (streamflow) behaviour varies across Europe and is shaped by climate and landscape. Using data from more than 7000 European catchments, we identified 10 hydrological response types based on flow magnitude, timing, and seasonality. At the continental scale, streamflow behaviour is mainly driven by climate, but landscape features are equally or more influential in several regions. These results show that streamflow behaviour emerges from the combined effects of climate and landscape.
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