Articles | Volume 30, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1647-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1647-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Mar 2026
Research article |
| 30 Mar 2026
| 30 Mar 2026
Influence of groundwater recharge projections on climate-driven subsurface warming: insights from numerical modeling
Mikhail Tsypin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
Viet Dung Nguyen
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Mauro Cacace
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Guido Blöcher
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
Elco Luijendijk
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway
Charlotte Krawczyk
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
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We introduce a novel coupling of GOLEM, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical simulator, with the PHREEQC geochemical solver. The code is validated via benchmarks against reference 1D models and its functionalities demonstrated on a 2D geochemical heterogeneous domain. This open-source software enables the simulation of complex subsurface processes for the development of geothermal resources.
Cornelius O. Schwarze, Liang Pei, Lioba Virchow, Elena Petrova, Ben Norden, Simona Regenspurg, Katrin Kieling, Guido Blöcher, and Stefan Kranz
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Hung Nghia Nguyen, Quan Quan Le, Viet Dung Nguyen, Hai Dac Do, Hung Duc Pham, Tan Hong Cao, Toan Quang To, Melissa Wood, and Ivan D. Haigh
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4227–4246, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4227-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4227-2025, 2025
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Xiaoxiang Guan, Viet Dung Nguyen, Paul Voit, Bruno Merz, Maik Heistermann, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
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Elena Macdonald, Bruno Merz, Viet Dung Nguyen, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 447–463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-447-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-447-2025, 2025
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Javier Abreu-Torres, Gergő Hutka, Guido Blöcher, Mauro Cacace, Vincent Magnenet, and Jean Schmittbuhl
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Viet Dung Nguyen, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Katrin Nissen, Lukas Brunner, and Bruno Merz
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Liang Pei, Lioba Virchow, Guido Blöcher, Stefan Kranz, and Ali Saadat
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Elena Macdonald, Bruno Merz, Björn Guse, Viet Dung Nguyen, Xiaoxiang Guan, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
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In some rivers, the occurrence of extreme flood events is more likely than in other rivers – they have heavy-tailed distributions. We find that threshold processes in the runoff generation lead to such a relatively high occurrence probability of extremes. Further, we find that beyond a certain return period, i.e. for rare events, rainfall is often the dominant control compared to runoff generation. Our results can help to improve the estimation of the occurrence probability of extreme floods.
Ángela María Gómez-García, Álvaro González, Mauro Cacace, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Gaspar Monsalve
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Christoph Behrens, Elco Luijendijk, Phillip Kreye, Florian Panitz, Merle Bjorge, Marlene Gelleszun, Alexander Renz, Shorash Miro, and Wolfram Rühaak
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The mathematical basics of a numerical code developed specifically for the search of a site for high-level radioactive waste in Germany is presented.
The code is developed in accordance to the specific regulations. First tests of the code are shown.
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We use apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronologic on detrital grains sampled from a well to unravel the exhumation history of the northern Swiss Molasse Basin and reconcile seemingly contradicting previous studies. With single grain ages and provenance ages, we achieve to narrowly constrain exhumation magnitude and timing and embed previous results into a single consistent thermal history. This includes proof for hydrothermal activity and a contribution to the discussion on exhumation drivers.
Sonja H. Wadas, Hermann Buness, Raphael Rochlitz, Peter Skiba, Thomas Günther, Michael Grinat, David C. Tanner, Ulrich Polom, Gerald Gabriel, and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 13, 1673–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1673-2022, 2022
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The dissolution of rocks poses a severe hazard because it can cause subsidence and sinkhole formation. Based on results from our study area in Thuringia, Germany, using P- and SH-wave reflection seismics, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic methods, and gravimetry, we develop a geophysical investigation workflow. This workflow enables identifying the initial triggers of subsurface dissolution and its control factors, such as structural constraints, fluid pathways, and mass movement.
Evgeniia Martuganova, Manfred Stiller, Ben Norden, Jan Henninges, and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 13, 1291–1307, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1291-2022, 2022
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We demonstrate the applicability of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) acquired using wireline distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for deep geothermal reservoir imaging and characterization. Borehole DAS data provide critical input for seismic interpretation and help assess small-scale geological structures. This case study can be used as a basis for detailed structural exploration of geothermal reservoirs and provide insightful information for geothermal exploration projects.
Martin Peter Lipus, Felix Schölderle, Thomas Reinsch, Christopher Wollin, Charlotte Krawczyk, Daniela Pfrang, and Kai Zosseder
Solid Earth, 13, 161–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-161-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-161-2022, 2022
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A fiber-optic cable was installed along a freely suspended rod in a deep geothermal well in Munich, Germany. A cold-water injection test was monitored with fiber-optic distributed acoustic and temperature sensing. During injection, we observe vibrational events in the lower part of the well. On the basis of a mechanical model, we conclude that the vibrational events are caused by thermal contraction of the rod. The results illustrate potential artifacts when analyzing downhole acoustic data.
Elco Luijendijk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1-2022, 2022
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The distance between rivers is a noticeable feature of the Earth's surface. Previous work has indicated that subsurface groundwater flow may be important for drainage density. Here, I present a new model that combines subsurface and surface water flow and erosion, and demonstrates that groundwater exerts an important control on drainage density. Streams that incise rapidly can capture the groundwater discharge of adjacent streams, which may cause these streams to become dry and stop incising.
Steffen Ahlers, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev
Saf. Nucl. Waste Disposal, 1, 163–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-163-2021, 2021
Steffen Ahlers, Andreas Henk, Tobias Hergert, Karsten Reiter, Birgit Müller, Luisa Röckel, Oliver Heidbach, Sophia Morawietz, Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, and Denis Anikiev
Solid Earth, 12, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1777-2021, 2021
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Knowledge about the stress state in the upper crust is of great importance for many economic and scientific questions. However, our knowledge in Germany is limited since available datasets only provide pointwise, incomplete and heterogeneous information. We present the first 3D geomechanical model that provides a continuous description of the contemporary crustal stress state for Germany. The model is calibrated by the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress and stress magnitudes.
Djamil Al-Halbouni, Robert A. Watson, Eoghan P. Holohan, Rena Meyer, Ulrich Polom, Fernando M. Dos Santos, Xavier Comas, Hussam Alrshdan, Charlotte M. Krawczyk, and Torsten Dahm
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3351–3395, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3351-2021, 2021
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The rapid decline of the Dead Sea level since the 1960s has provoked a dynamic reaction from the coastal groundwater system, with physical and chemical erosion creating subsurface voids and conduits. By combining remote sensing, geophysical methods, and numerical modelling at the Dead Sea’s eastern shore, we link groundwater flow patterns to the formation of surface stream channels, sinkholes and uvalas. Better understanding of this karst system will improve regional hazard assessment.
Gilda Currenti, Philippe Jousset, Rosalba Napoli, Charlotte Krawczyk, and Michael Weber
Solid Earth, 12, 993–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-993-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-993-2021, 2021
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We investigate the capability of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to record dynamic strain changes related to Etna volcano activity in 2019. To validate the DAS measurements, we compute strain estimates from seismic signals recorded by a dense broadband array. A general good agreement is found between array-derived strain and DAS measurements along the fibre optic cable. Localised short wavelength discrepancies highlight small-scale structural heterogeneities in the investigated area.
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Short summary
Shallow groundwater temperatures are increasing as a consequence of global warming. At the same time, climate scenarios project substantial changes in future groundwater recharge, with impacts on groundwater dynamics. We modeled the combined effects of these two processes. Our results suggest that reduce annual recharge or a higher share of cold winter recharge can locally slow groundwater warming, but not sufficiently to stop or reverse the overall warming trend.
Shallow groundwater temperatures are increasing as a consequence of global warming. At the same...
