Articles | Volume 29, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6829-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6829-2025
Research article
 | 
01 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 01 Dec 2025

Ensembling differentiable process-based and data-driven models with diverse meteorological forcing datasets to advance streamflow simulation

Peijun Li, Yalan Song, Ming Pan, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen

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This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Cited articles

Aboelyazeed, D., Xu, C., Hoffman, F. M., Liu, J., Jones, A. W., Rackauckas, C., Lawson, K., and Shen, C.: A differentiable, physics-informed ecosystem modeling and learning framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations, Biogeosciences, 20, 2671–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, 2023. 
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Aghakouchak, A. and Habib, E.: Application of a Conceptual Hydrologic Model in Teaching Hydrologic Processes, International Journal of Engineering Education, 26, 963–973, 2010. 
Bandai, T. and Ghezzehei, T. A.: Physics-informed neural networks with monotonicity constraints for Richardson-Richards equation: Estimation of constitutive relationships and soil water flux density from volumetric water content measurements, Water Resources Research, 57, e2020WR027642, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr027642, 2021. 
Beck, H. E., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., de Roo, A., Dutra, E., Fink, G., Orth, R., and Schellekens, J.: Global evaluation of runoff from 10 state-of-the-art hydrological models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2881–2903, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2881-2017, 2017. 
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Short summary
This study explores how combining different model types improves streamflow predictions, especially in data-sparse scenarios. By integrating two highly accurate models with distinct mechanisms and leveraging multiple meteorological datasets, we highlight their unique strengths and set new accuracy benchmarks across spatiotemporal conditions. Our findings enhance the understanding of how diverse models and multi-source data can be effectively used to improve hydrological predictions.
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