Synergistic identification of hydrogeological parameters and pollution source information for groundwater point and areal source contamination based on machine learning surrogate–artificial hummingbird algorithm

Luo, Chengming; Wang, Xihua; Xu, Y. Jun; Jia, Shunqing; Liu, Zejun; Mao, Boyang; Lv, Qinya; Ji, Xuming; Rong, Yanxin; Dai, Yan

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5719-2025

Articles | Volume 29, issue 20

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5719-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5719-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 29, issue 20

Research article

|

24 Oct 2025

Research article |

| 24 Oct 2025

Synergistic identification of hydrogeological parameters and pollution source information for groundwater point and areal source contamination based on machine learning surrogate–artificial hummingbird algorithm

Chengming Luo, Xihua Wang, Y. Jun Xu, Shunqing Jia, Zejun Liu, Boyang Mao, Qinya Lv, Xuming Ji, Yanxin Rong, and Yan Dai

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Cited articles

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Bai, Y., Lu, W., Li, J., Chang, Z., and Wang, H.: Groundwater contamination source identification using improved differential evolution Markov chain algorithm, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 29, 19679–19692, https://0.1007/s11356-021-17120-2, 2022.

Chen, D., Lu, J., and Shen, Y.: Artificial neural network modelling of concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and dissolved oxygen in a non-point source polluted river in Zhejiang Province, southeast China, Hydrol. Process., 24, 290–299, https://10.1002/hyp.7482, 2010.

Chengming, L.: Surrogate model-optimization algorithm, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14568110, 2024.

Chugh, T., Jin, Y., Miettinen, K., Hakanen, J., and Sindhya, K.: A Surrogate-Assisted Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm for Computationally Expensive Many-Objective Optimization, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., 22, 129–142, https://10.1109/tevc.2016.2622301, 2018.