Influence of storm type on compound flood drivers of a mid-latitude coastal urban environment

Chen, Ziyu; Orton, Philip M.; Booth, James F.; Wahl, Thomas; DeGaetano, Arthur; Kaatz, Joel; Horton, Radley M.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3101-2025

Articles | Volume 29, issue 14

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3101-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3101-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 29, issue 14

Research article

|

21 Jul 2025

Research article |

| 21 Jul 2025

Influence of storm type on compound flood drivers of a mid-latitude coastal urban environment

Ziyu Chen, Philip M. Orton, James F. Booth, Thomas Wahl, Arthur DeGaetano, Joel Kaatz, and Radley M. Horton

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3101-2025-supplement

Data sets

Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD), Version 2.0 D. Wuertz et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/p7j8-2170

VORTEX2: Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) 1-minute Data. Version 1.0 National Centers for Environmental Information https://doi.org/10.26023/PN6M-3PYC-WP0D

CO-OPS Water Level Data from the Coastal Tide Gauge and Great Lake Water Level Network of the United States and US Territories [Water Level Data] Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) https://doi.org/10.25921/dt9g-2p60

HURDAT2 Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Best Track Data National Hurricane Center https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/

Model code and software

Codes of Chen et al. Z. Chen and P. Orton https://doi.org/10.17632/64kx95ckr4.1

Multihazard scenarios for analysis of compound extreme events (https://amir.eng.uci.edu/MhAST.php) M. Sadegh et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077317

Short summary

Urban flooding can be driven by rain and storm surge or the combination of the two, which is called compound flooding. In this study, we analyzed hourly historical rain and surge data for New York City to provide a more detailed statistical analysis than prior studies of this topic. The analyses reveal that tropical cyclones (e.g., hurricanes) have potential for causing more extreme compound floods than other storms, while extratropical cyclones cause less extreme, more frequent compound events.