Articles | Volume 28, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Enhancing long short-term memory (LSTM)-based streamflow prediction with a spatially distributed approach
Qiutong Yu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Bryan A. Tolson
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Hongren Shen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Ming Han
Water Resources, Ontario Power Generation Inc., Niagara Falls, ON, Canada
Juliane Mai
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Jimmy Lin
David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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- Characterizing the influence of remotely sensed wetland and lake water storage on discharge using LSTM models M. Vanderhoof et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2593333
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31 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Enhancing streamflow predictions through basin-to-basin knowledge transfer: A novel strategy for deep learning models adaptation and generalization K. Nifa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107978
- Spatio-Temporal Attention in Federated Learning for Streamflow Forecasting A. Ashiru et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-026-04671-7
- Physics-encoded deep learning for integrated modeling of watershed hydrology and reservoir operations B. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133052
- Better continental-scale streamflow predictions for Australia: LSTM as a land surface model post-processor and standalone hydrological model A. Shokri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-757-2026
- Explainable Monitoring Model Based on AE-BiGRU and SHAP Analysis of Seepage Pressure for Concrete Dams J. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18050614
- Transfer learning using the global Caravan dataset for developing a local river streamflow prediction model A. Alzhanov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106691
- Decoding LSTM to Reveal Baseflow Contributions in Fractured and Sedimentary Mountain Basins: A Case Study in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Southwestern United States M. Rosati et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13020051
- Multi-step reservoir inflow prediction using a rolling window strategy and decomposed LSTM W. Thaisiam et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2025.11.001
- Advancing streamflow prediction in data-scarce regions through vegetation-constrained distributed hybrid ecohydrological models L. Zhong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132165
- Spatially resolved rainfall streamflow modeling in central Europe M. Vischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-5233-2025
- Future projections of China runoff changes based on CMIP6 and deep learning X. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102998
- Simulación del caudal en España utilizando redes neuronales Long Short-Term Memory J. Casado-Rodríguez et al. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.25084
- A national-scale hybrid model for enhanced streamflow estimation – consolidating a physically based hydrological model with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2871-2024
- The comparison of analytical hierarchy process, frequency ratio, and deep learning-based approaches for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Northern Chiang Mai watershed Basins, Thailand P. Manopkawee et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-025-00353-5
- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks for Accurate River Flow Forecasting: A Case Study on the Morava River Basin (Serbia) I. Leščešen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060907
- Deep recurrent neural networks for water hammer transient prediction and dynamic protection optimization in long distance pipelines R. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-41915-3
- Never Train a Deep Learning Model on a Single Well? Revisiting Training Strategies for Groundwater Level Prediction M. Ohmer & T. Liesch https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2373-2026
- Operating Key Factor Analysis of a Rotary Kiln Using a Predictive Model and Shapley Additive Explanations S. Mun & J. Yoo https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13224413
- Trends and Transitions in Hydrological Modelling: A Systematic Review of Model Approaches and Applications (2015–2025) T. Peerbhai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-026-04815-9
- Wire rope self-rotation measurement method based on sliding column block modeling and one-dimensional convolutional neural network K. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ae02bb
- Neural Network-based Performance Prediction of Heat Pipe and Loop Heat Pipe Heat Exchangers: A State-of the- Art Review E. Amruth et al. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/49662
- Incorporating hydrological constraints with deep learning for streamflow prediction Y. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125379
- Modelling and Optimisation of Hysteresis and Sensitivity of Multicomponent Flexible Sensing Materials K. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063271
- Characterizing the influence of remotely sensed wetland and lake water storage on discharge using LSTM models M. Vanderhoof et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2593333
- A GNN routing module is all you need for LSTM Rainfall–Runoff models H. Mosaffa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2079-2026
- Streamflow prediction in the Danube River Basin using a multi-source graph-integrated GCN-LSTM model M. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103275
- Integrating machine learning with a novel karst hydrological model to enhance extreme streamflow simulation in karst regions Q. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135572
- Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Hydrological Forecasting in the Chu–Talas Basin R. Amanzholova et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18111361
- Integrating Hydrological–Hydraulic–AI (LSTM) Models for Improved Water Level Forecasting: Red River - Thai Binh Basin T. Doan Quang et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2026-0042
- Enhancing hydrological time series forecasting with a hybrid Bayesian-ConvLSTM model optimized by particle swarm optimization H. Kilinc et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-025-01570-0
- Comparative assessment of hydrological and deep learning models for runoff simulation and water storage in irrigated basins A. Razeghi Haghighi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-025-02665-9
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jul 2026
Short summary
It is challenging to incorporate input variables' spatial distribution information when implementing long short-term memory (LSTM) models for streamflow prediction. This work presents a novel hybrid modelling approach to predict streamflow while accounting for spatial variability. We evaluated the performance against lumped LSTM predictions in 224 basins across the Great Lakes region in North America. This approach shows promise for predicting streamflow in large, ungauged basin.
It is challenging to incorporate input variables' spatial distribution information when...