Articles | Volume 27, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-139-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-139-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: long short-term memory neural networks clearly outperform traditional hydrological models
Richard Arsenault
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
Jean-Luc Martel
Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
Frédéric Brunet
Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
François Brissette
Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada
Juliane Mai
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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156 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Assessing the adequacy of traditional hydrological models for climate change impact studies: a case for long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks J. Martel et al.
- Near-Real-Time Statistical Analysis and Visualization of Streamflow from a Deep-Learning Rainfall-Runoff Model T. Duong et al.
- Evaluating the Hydrological Applicability of Satellite Precipitation Products Using a Differentiable, Physics-Based Hydrological Model in the Xiangjiang River Basin, China S. Yan et al.
- Assessing the Impact of Rainfall Nowcasts on an Encoder-Decoder LSTM Model for Short-Term Flash Flood Prediction R. Mhedhbi & M. Erechtchoukova
- Advancing Hydrology through Machine Learning: Insights, Challenges, and Future Directions Using the CAMELS, Caravan, GRDC, CHIRPS, PERSIANN, NLDAS, GLDAS, and GRACE Datasets F. Hasan et al.
- Enhancing the performance of runoff prediction in data-scarce hydrological domains using advanced transfer learning S. Chen et al.
- Water quality prediction in the Yellow River source area based on the DeepTCN-GRU model Q. Tian et al.
- Prediction of Monthly Flow Regimes Using the Distance-Based Method Nested with Model Swapping M. Qamar et al.
- Enhancing streamflow simulation in large and human-regulated basins: Long short-term memory with multiscale attributes A. Tursun et al.
- Deep learning algorithms and their fuzzy extensions for streamflow prediction in climate change framework R. Vogeti et al.
- Streamflow Simulation Using a Hybrid Approach Combining HEC-HMS and LSTM Model in the Tlawng River Basin of Mizoram, India S. Debbarma et al.
- Coupling distributed hydrological model with spatially discrete altimetry data for distributed prediction in ungauged basins M. Tang et al.
- Data-driven model as a post-process for daily streamflow prediction in ungauged basins J. Choi & S. Kim
- Streamflow Predictions in Ungauged Basins Using Recurrent Neural Network and Decision Tree-Based Algorithm: Application to the Southern Region of the Korean Peninsula J. Won et al.
- Source Analysis of Groundwater Chemical Components in the Middle Reaches of the Dawen River Based on Unsupervised Machine Learning and PMF Source Analysis X. Wang et al.
- Identification of Time-Varying Conceptual Hydrological Model Parameters with Differentiable Parameter Learning X. Lian et al.
- Improving streamflow predictions across CONUS by integrating advanced machine learning models and diverse data K. Tayal et al.
- Improved Grunsky method for streamflow prediction in ungauged catchments B. Marchezepe et al.
- Uncertainty and driving factor analysis of streamflow forecasting for closed-basin and interval-basin: Based on a probabilistic and interpretable deep learning model C. Xu et al.
- Deep learning for the probabilistic prediction of semi-continuous hydrological variables – An application to streamflow prediction across CONUS J. Quilty & M. Jahangir
- Coupling SWAT and LSTM for Improving Daily Streamflow Simulation in a Humid and Semi-humid River Basin Z. Mei et al.
- Value of process understanding in the era of machine learning: A case for recession flow prediction P. Istalkar et al.
- Review of Watershed Hydrology and Mathematical Models S. Sarker & O. Leta
- Bottom-up assessment of climate change vulnerability of a large and complex river basin using emulator models A. John et al.
- Basin-Scale Streamflow Projections for Greater Pamba River Basin, India Integrating GCM Ensemble Modelling and Flow Accumulation-Weighted LULC Overlay in Deep Learning Environment A. Geetha Raveendran Nair et al.
- Comparison of Multilayer Perceptron with an Optimal Activation Function and Long Short-Term Memory for Rainfall-Runoff Simulations and Ungauged Catchment Runoff Prediction M. Shin & Y. Jung
- Using Entity-Aware LSTM to Enhance Streamflow Predictions in Transboundary and Large Lake Basins Y. Park et al.
- Fusing dynamic physical constraints with PINN-xLSTM to enhance accuracy and physical consistency in runoff prediction under extreme hydrological events Y. Yang et al.
- Evaluating Rainfall-Runoff Generation Mechanisms of Deep Learning Models Using a Process-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model T. Duong et al.
- Hybrid Hydrological Forecasting Through a Physical Model and a Weather-Informed Transformer Model: A Case Study in Greek Watershed H. Ampas et al.
- Enhancing Multi-Step Ahead Daily Runoff Prediction via HydMoE Model with Local-Global Hybrid Attention P. Yang & D. Chen
- Exploring the ability of LSTM-based hydrological models to simulate streamflow time series for flood frequency analysis J. Martel et al.
- Coping with data scarcity in extreme flood forecasting: A deep generative modeling approach A. Sattari & H. Moradkhani
- Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on an Ungauged Watershed in the Congo River Basin S. Masamba et al.
- Streamflow prediction in ungauged catchments through use of catchment classification and deep learning M. He et al.
- Leveraging Immersive Digital Twins and AI-Driven Decision Support Systems for Sustainable Water Reserves Management: A Conceptual Framework T. Zhao et al.
- Enhancing streamflow predictions through basin-to-basin knowledge transfer: A novel strategy for deep learning models adaptation and generalization K. Nifa et al.
- Optimal Postprocessing Strategies With LSTM for Global Streamflow Prediction in Ungauged Basins S. Tang et al.
- Deciphering the daily spatiotemporal dynamics and mechanisms of floods in the Tarim Basin desert region A. Tursun et al.
- A GNN routing module is all you need for LSTM Rainfall–Runoff models H. Mosaffa et al.
- Hydrological insights from a comparative evaluation of LSTM and MC-LSTM networks in the Ebro River basin (Spain) I. González-Planet & C. Juez
- Multi-decadal streamflow projections for catchments in Brazil based on CMIP6 multi-model simulations and neural network embeddings for linear regression models M. Scheuerer et al.
- Improving Daily Streamflow Predictions over Large Watersheds: Introducing a Novel Enhanced Long Short-Term Memory (En-LSTM) Model P. Sharma et al.
- HydroEcoLSTM: A Python package with graphical user interface for hydro-ecological modeling with long short-term memory neural network T. Nguyen et al.
- AH-GCAN-LSTM: Adaptive Hybrid-Graph Convolution Attention Network with LSTM and Genetic Optimization for Hydrological time Series Forecasting H. Kilinc et al.
- Hybrid GR4J-LSTM modeling for streamflow prediction of extreme events in data-scarce regions: Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia T. Mihret et al.
- Application of distribution network monitoring information automatic verification platform driven by artificial intelligence in improving acceptance testing and power grid operation and maintenance management efficiency M. Jianwei et al.
- Reconstruction of missing streamflow series in human-regulated catchments using a data integration LSTM model A. Tursun et al.
- Strategies for incorporating static features into global deep learning models T. Liesch & M. Ohmer
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
Predicting flow in rivers where no observation records are available is a daunting task. For decades, hydrological models were set up on these gauges, and their parameters were estimated based on the hydrological response of similar or nearby catchments where records exist. New developments in machine learning have now made it possible to estimate flows at ungauged locations more precisely than with hydrological models. This study confirms the performance superiority of machine learning models.
Predicting flow in rivers where no observation records are available is a daunting task. For...