Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2181-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2181-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Detecting hydrological connectivity using causal inference from time series: synthetic and real karstic case studies
Damien Delforge
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Olivier de Viron
Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés, Université de La Rochelle and CNRS (UMR7266), La Rochelle, France
Marnik Vanclooster
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Michel Van Camp
Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Arnaud Watlet
British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
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Elise Verstraeten, Alice Alonso, Louise Collier, and Marnik Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-173, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-173, 2024
Preprint under review for HESS
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This study evaluates the effectiveness of Wallonia's sustainable nitrogen management program against groundwater nitrate contamination, 20 years post-implementation. We analysed nitrate concentration time series from 36 locations, finding a modest overall improvement and variability across sites. Results reveal interrelated controlling factors, with land use and aquifer characteristics being key. Lack of improvement may be due to a time lag before the impact of regulatory measures is observable.
Anita Thea Saraswati, Olivier de Viron, and Mioara Mandea
Solid Earth, 14, 1267–1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1267-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1267-2023, 2023
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To understand core dynamics, insight from several possible observables is needed. By applying several separation methods, we show spatiotemporal variabilities in the magnetic and gravity fields related to the core dynamics. A 7-year oscillation is found in all conducted analyses. The results in the magnetic field reflect the core processes and the variabilities in the gravity field exhibit new findings that might be an interesting input to build an enhanced model of the Earth’s core.
Jim S. Whiteley, Arnaud Watlet, J. Michael Kendall, and Jonathan E. Chambers
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3863–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3863-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3863-2021, 2021
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This work summarises the contribution of geophysical imaging methods to establishing and operating local landslide early warning systems, demonstrated through a conceptual framework. We identify developments in geophysical monitoring equipment, the spatiotemporal resolutions of these approaches and methods to translate geophysical to geotechnical information as the primary benefits that geophysics brings to slope-scale early warning.
Issoufou Ouedraogo and Marnik Vanclooster
Proc. IAHS, 384, 69–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-69-2021, 2021
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The results of the study have shed light on the pollution problem of groundwater at the pan-African scale. We demonstrated the unambiguous link between population density (urban areas, agricultural activity) and pollution of groundwater. We showed that the machine learning techniques are promising for modelling groundwater degradation at the African scale because of its ability to provide meaningful analysis of nonlinear and complex relationships such as those found in hydrogeological studies.
Olivier de Viron, Michel Van Camp, Alexia Grabkowiak, and Ana M. G. Ferreira
Solid Earth, 12, 1601–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1601-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1601-2021, 2021
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As the travel time of seismic waves depends on the Earth's interior properties, seismic tomography uses it to infer the distribution of velocity anomalies, similarly to what is done in medical tomography. We propose analysing the outputs of those models using varimax principal component analysis, which results in a compressed objective representation of the model, helping analysis and comparison.
Laurent Delobbe, Arnaud Watlet, Svenja Wilfert, and Michel Van Camp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 93–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-93-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-93-2019, 2019
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In this study, we explore the use of an underground superconducting gravimeter as a new source of in situ observations for the evaluation of radar-based precipitation estimates. The comparison of radar and gravity time series over 15 years shows that short-duration intense rainfall events cause a rapid decrease in the measured gravity. Rainfall amounts can be derived from this decrease. The gravimeter allows capture of rainfall at a much larger spatial scale than a traditional rain gauge.
José Luis Gabriel, Miguel Quemada, Diana Martín-Lammerding, and Marnik Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-372, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Cover cropping enhance many agricultural services, but few studies are available on the long term effect on hydraulic properties. Soil water content was monitored daily in a 10-year field experiment and hydraulic properties were determined based on inverse calibration. Cover crop increased of the soil micro- and macro-porosity. Then, the expected cover crop competition for water can be compensated by an improvement of the water retention in the intermediate layers of the soil profile.
Arnaud Watlet, Olivier Kaufmann, Antoine Triantafyllou, Amaël Poulain, Jonathan E. Chambers, Philip I. Meldrum, Paul B. Wilkinson, Vincent Hallet, Yves Quinif, Michel Van Ruymbeke, and Michel Van Camp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1563–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1563-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1563-2018, 2018
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Understanding water infiltration in karst regions is crucial as the aquifers they host provide drinkable water for a quarter of the world's population. We present a non-invasive tool to image hydrological processes in karst systems. At our field site, the injection of electrical current in the ground, repeated daily over a 3-year period, allowed imaging changes in the groundwater content. We show that specific geological layers control seasonal to rainfall-triggered water infiltration dynamics.
Jose Luis Gabriel, Miguel Quemada, Diana Martín-Lammerding, and Marnik Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-643, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-643, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Few studies are available allowing to evaluate the impact of cover cropping on the long term change of soil hydrologic functions, so we assessed the changes during a 10-year field experiment. This study shows that the expected cover crop competition for water with the main crop can be compensated by an improvement of the water retention in the intermediate layers of the soil profile, enhancing the hydrologic functions of agricultural soils in regions which often are constrained by water stress.
Sébastien B. Lambert, Steven L. Marcus, and Olivier de Viron
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1009–1017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1009-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1009-2017, 2017
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We explain how the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño event lengthened the day by 0.8 ms. The 2015–2016 event was an El Niño event of a different type compared to previous extreme events; thus, we expected different mechanisms of coupling with the solid Earth. We showed that the atmospheric torque on the American topography, usually acting alone during classical El Niños, was, in 2015–2016, augmented by a friction torque over the Pacific Ocean and inherent to the different nature of this particular event.
Issoufou Ouedraogo and Marnik Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2353–2381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2353-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2353-2016, 2016
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In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of nitrate contamination in groundwater at the pan-African scale. A nitrate data set is constructed based on publications in the web of sciences, and combined with high-resolution generic spatial environmental attributes. A statistical model explains 65 % of the variation of nitrate contamination in groundwater in terms of generic spatial attributes. Nitrate contamination of groundwater at the pan-African scale is mainly affected by population density.
Natalia Fernández de Vera, Jean Beaujean, Pierre Jamin, David Caterina, Marnik Vanclooster, Alain Dassargues, Ofer Dahan, Frédéric Nguyen, and Serge Brouyère
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-79, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Soil and groundwater remediation at industrial contaminated sites require suitable field instrumentation for subsurface characterization. The proposed method provides chemical, hydraulic information and images from the subsurface via customized sensors installed in boreholes. Their installation at a brownfield allows flow and transport characterization of water and contaminants across a heterogeneous subsurface. The results proof the effectiveness of the method for characterization purposes.
F. Wiaux, M. Vanclooster, and K. Van Oost
Biogeosciences, 12, 4637–4649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4637-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4637-2015, 2015
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In this study, we highlight the role of soil physical conditions and gas transfer mechanisms and dynamics in the decomposition and storage of soil organic carbon in subsoil layers. To illustrate it, we measured the time series of soil temperature, moisture and CO2 concentration and calculated CO2 fluxes along 1 m depth soil profiles during 6 months throughout two contrasted soil profiles along a hillslope in the central loess belt of Belgium.
F. Meskini-Vishkaee, M. H. Mohammadi, and M. Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4053–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4053-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4053-2014, 2014
H. Sellami, I. La Jeunesse, S. Benabdallah, N. Baghdadi, and M. Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2393–2413, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2393-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2393-2014, 2014
A. P. Tran, M. Vanclooster, and S. Lambot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2543–2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2543-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2543-2013, 2013
J. Minet, N. E. C. Verhoest, S. Lambot, and M. Vanclooster
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4063-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4063-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Subject: Vadose Zone Hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Stochastic approaches
Covariance resampling for particle filter – state and parameter estimation for soil hydrology
Inferring soil salinity in a drip irrigation system from multi-configuration EMI measurements using adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo
State and parameter estimation of two land surface models using the ensemble Kalman filter and the particle filter
Evaluation of a cosmic-ray neutron sensor network for improved land surface model prediction
Kalman filters for assimilating near-surface observations into the Richards equation – Part 1: Retrieving state profiles with linear and nonlinear numerical schemes
Kalman filters for assimilating near-surface observations into the Richards equation – Part 2: A dual filter approach for simultaneous retrieval of states and parameters
Kalman filters for assimilating near-surface observations into the Richards equation – Part 3: Retrieving states and parameters from laboratory evaporation experiments
State-space approach to evaluate spatial variability of field measured soil water status along a line transect in a volcanic-vesuvian soil
Daniel Berg, Hannes H. Bauser, and Kurt Roth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1163–1178, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1163-2019, 2019
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Particle filters are becoming popular for state and parameter estimations in hydrology. The renewal of the ensemble (resampling) is crucial in preventing filter degeneration. We introduce a resampling method that uses the weighted covariance of the ensemble, which contains information between observed and unobserved dimensions, to generate new ensemble members. This allows us to estimate the state and parameters for a rough initial guess in a synthetic hydrological case with just 100 particles.
Khan Zaib Jadoon, Muhammad Umer Altaf, Matthew Francis McCabe, Ibrahim Hoteit, Nisar Muhammad, Davood Moghadas, and Lutz Weihermüller
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5375–5383, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5375-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5375-2017, 2017
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In this study electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements were used to estimate soil salinity in an agriculture field irrigated with a drip irrigation system. Electromagnetic model parameters and uncertainty were estimated using adaptive Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Application of the MCMC-based inversion to the synthetic and field measurements demonstrates that the parameters of the model can be well estimated for the saline soil as compared to the non-saline soil.
Hongjuan Zhang, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Xujun Han, Jasper A. Vrugt, and Harry Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4927–4958, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4927-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4927-2017, 2017
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Applications of data assimilation (DA) arise in many fields of geosciences, perhaps most importantly in weather forecasting and hydrology. We want to investigate the roles of data assimilation methods and land surface models (LSMs) in joint estimation of states and parameters in the assimilation experiments. We find that all DA methods can improve prediction of states, and that differences between DA methods were limited but that the differences between LSMs were much larger.
Roland Baatz, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Xujun Han, Tim Hoar, Heye Reemt Bogena, and Harry Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2509–2530, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2509-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2509-2017, 2017
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Soil moisture is a major variable that affects regional climate, weather and hydrologic processes on the Earth's surface. In this study, real-world data of a network of cosmic-ray sensors were assimilated into a regional land surface model to improve model states and soil hydraulic parameters. The results show the potential of these networks for improving model states and parameters. It is suggested to widen the number of observed variables and to increase the number of estimated parameters.
G. B. Chirico, H. Medina, and N. Romano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2503–2520, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2503-2014, 2014
H. Medina, N. Romano, and G. B. Chirico
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2521–2541, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2521-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2521-2014, 2014
H. Medina, N. Romano, and G. B. Chirico
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2543–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2543-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2543-2014, 2014
A. Comegna, A. Coppola, V. Comegna, G. Severino, A. Sommella, and C. D. Vitale
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2455–2463, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2455-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2455-2010, 2010
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Short summary
Causal inference methods (CIMs) aim at identifying causal links from temporal dependencies found in time-series data. Using both synthetic data and real-time series from a karst system, we study and discuss the potential of four CIMs to reveal hydrological connections between variables in hydrological systems. Despite the ever-present risk of spurious hydrological connections, our results highlight that the nonlinear and multivariate CIM has a substantially lower false-positive rate.
Causal inference methods (CIMs) aim at identifying causal links from temporal dependencies found...