Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaporation enhancement drives the European water-budget deficit during multi-year droughts
Christian Massari
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Research Council (CNR), Research Institute for
Geo-Hydrological Protection, Perugia, 06126, Italy
Francesco Avanzi
CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100, Savona, Italy
Giulia Bruno
CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100, Savona, Italy
University of Genoa, Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Viale Causa, 13 – 16145, Genova, Italy
Simone Gabellani
CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100, Savona, Italy
Daniele Penna
Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)
University of Florence, via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Florence-Firenze, Italy
Stefania Camici
National Research Council (CNR), Research Institute for
Geo-Hydrological Protection, Perugia, 06126, Italy
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Cited
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- ERA5-Land Data for Understanding Spring Dynamics in Complex Hydro-Meteorological Settings and for Sustainable Water Management L. Di Matteo et al.
- Assessment of blue water-green water interchange under extreme warm and dry events across different ecohydrological regions of western Canada P. Khalili et al.
- Storylines of summer streamflow droughts in western Canadian watersheds: historical attribution and future projections R. Shrestha & A. Cannon
- Application of Developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Techniques to Model Pan Evaporation Trends in Slovak River Sub-Basins B. Novotná et al.
- Characterisation of mountain-Mediterranean karst aquifers as lighthouses for the assessment of global change impacts in the Mediterranean region: the Sierra Seca aquifer system (SE Spain) J. Jódar et al.
- Widespread Multi‐Year Droughts in Italy: Identification and Causes of Development S. Pascale & F. Ragone
- A hybrid Penman-Monteith and machine learning model for simulating evapotranspiration and its components H. Chen et al.
- Stacking Ensemble Learning for Daily Potential Evapotranspiration using Limited Climate Data D. Zhang et al.
- Intensification of extreme climatic events in Central Asia’s arid regions amid climate change D. Li et al.
- Drought in Northern Italy: Long Earth Observation Time Series Reveal Snow Line Elevation to Be Several Hundred Meters Above Long-Term Average in 2022 J. Koehler et al.
- Unveiling the impact of potential evapotranspiration method selection on trends in hydrological cycle components across Europe V. Thakur et al.
- Moderate and Severe Hydrological Droughts in Europe Differ in Their Hydrometeorological Drivers M. Brunner et al.
- Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great Britain strongly influenced by the choice of drought index N. Reyniers et al.
- Winter snow deficit was a harbinger of summer 2022 socio-hydrologic drought in the Po Basin, Italy F. Avanzi et al.
- Vegetation as a driver of shifts in rainfall-runoff relationship: Synthesising hydrological evidence with remote sensing H. Gardiya Weligamage et al.
- Intergenerational inequity from hydrological drought in a warming world R. Liu et al.
- Deep learning for daily potential evapotranspiration using a HS-LSTM approach X. Yan et al.
- Development of composite drought indices for the coastal areas of southeastern China: A case study of Jinjiang and Jiulongjiang River basins H. Xu et al.
- Seasonal meteorological forcing controls runoff generation at multiple scales in a Mediterranean forested mountain catchment M. Macchioli Grande et al.
- Globally assessing how evapotranspiration feedbacks govern the impacts of multi-year droughts Q. Liu et al.
- Increasing warm-season evaporation rates across European lakes under climate change S. La Fuente et al.
- Impacts of climate change and vegetation response on future aridity in a Mediterranean catchment L. Villani et al.
- Hydrological model skills change with drought severity; insights from multi-variable evaluation G. Bruno et al.
- Reconstruction of the dynamics of sap-flow timeseries of a beech forest using a machine learning approach J. Kabala et al.
- Over 60% precipitation transformed into terrestrial water storage in global river basins from 2002 to 2021 Y. Zhong et al.
- Using spatially explicit machine learning to enhance assessment of the Global Gravity-based Groundwater Product for groundwater storage change in Germany A. Raza et al.
- Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation J. Xiao et al.
- Imprints of increases in evapotranspiration on decreases in streamflow during dry periods, a large-sample analysis in Germany G. Bruno et al.
- Forest expansion and irrigated agriculture reinforce low river flows in southern Europe during dry years S. Vicente-Serrano et al.
- Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective K. Fowler et al.
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of Evapotranspiration in Mainland Portugal Based on Climate Reanalysis Data J. Pegas et al.
- Recession constants are non-stationary: Impacts of multi-annual drought on catchment recession behaviour and storage dynamics L. Trotter et al.
- Causes of Missing Snowmelt Following Drought D. Lapides et al.
- Temporally compounding droughts at the global scale: Distribution, propagation, and projection X. Zhao et al.
- Drought decreases annual streamflow response to precipitation, especially in arid regions A. Matanó et al.
- Understanding the implications of climate change for Australia’s surface water resources: Challenges and future directions C. Wasko et al.
- Evaluation of streamflow trends and the drivers of long-term change for 33 river basins in the southeastern U.S. K. Wilbanks & D. Batzer
- CHANGE OF THE HORYN RIVER BASIN WATER BALANCE UNDER THE WARMER CLIMATE Y. Chornomorets & O. Lobodzinskyi
- Changes in Blue/Green Water Partitioning Under Severe Drought C. Stephens et al.
- Evapotranspiration partitioning by integrating eddy covariance, micro-lysimeter and unmanned aerial vehicle observations: A case study in the North China Plain J. Bian et al.
- Symptoms of Performance Degradation During Multi‐Annual Drought: A Large‐Sample, Multi‐Model Study L. Trotter et al.
- Partitioning of Precipitation Into Terrestrial Water Balance Components Under a Drying Climate H. Gardiya Weligamage et al.
- Disentangling the role of subsurface storage in the propagation of drought through the hydrological cycle G. Bruno et al.
- Climate warming shortens the propagation time from meteorological drought to groundwater drought over 1960–2100 Y. Zhang et al.
- Assessment of Evaporative Demand Drought Index for drought analysis in Peninsular Malaysia C. Ng et al.
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- ERA5-Land Data for Understanding Spring Dynamics in Complex Hydro-Meteorological Settings and for Sustainable Water Management L. Di Matteo et al.
- Assessment of blue water-green water interchange under extreme warm and dry events across different ecohydrological regions of western Canada P. Khalili et al.
- Storylines of summer streamflow droughts in western Canadian watersheds: historical attribution and future projections R. Shrestha & A. Cannon
- Application of Developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Techniques to Model Pan Evaporation Trends in Slovak River Sub-Basins B. Novotná et al.
- Characterisation of mountain-Mediterranean karst aquifers as lighthouses for the assessment of global change impacts in the Mediterranean region: the Sierra Seca aquifer system (SE Spain) J. Jódar et al.
- Widespread Multi‐Year Droughts in Italy: Identification and Causes of Development S. Pascale & F. Ragone
- A hybrid Penman-Monteith and machine learning model for simulating evapotranspiration and its components H. Chen et al.
- Stacking Ensemble Learning for Daily Potential Evapotranspiration using Limited Climate Data D. Zhang et al.
- Intensification of extreme climatic events in Central Asia’s arid regions amid climate change D. Li et al.
- Drought in Northern Italy: Long Earth Observation Time Series Reveal Snow Line Elevation to Be Several Hundred Meters Above Long-Term Average in 2022 J. Koehler et al.
- Unveiling the impact of potential evapotranspiration method selection on trends in hydrological cycle components across Europe V. Thakur et al.
- Moderate and Severe Hydrological Droughts in Europe Differ in Their Hydrometeorological Drivers M. Brunner et al.
- Projected changes in droughts and extreme droughts in Great Britain strongly influenced by the choice of drought index N. Reyniers et al.
- Winter snow deficit was a harbinger of summer 2022 socio-hydrologic drought in the Po Basin, Italy F. Avanzi et al.
- Vegetation as a driver of shifts in rainfall-runoff relationship: Synthesising hydrological evidence with remote sensing H. Gardiya Weligamage et al.
- Intergenerational inequity from hydrological drought in a warming world R. Liu et al.
- Deep learning for daily potential evapotranspiration using a HS-LSTM approach X. Yan et al.
- Development of composite drought indices for the coastal areas of southeastern China: A case study of Jinjiang and Jiulongjiang River basins H. Xu et al.
- Seasonal meteorological forcing controls runoff generation at multiple scales in a Mediterranean forested mountain catchment M. Macchioli Grande et al.
- Globally assessing how evapotranspiration feedbacks govern the impacts of multi-year droughts Q. Liu et al.
- Increasing warm-season evaporation rates across European lakes under climate change S. La Fuente et al.
- Impacts of climate change and vegetation response on future aridity in a Mediterranean catchment L. Villani et al.
- Hydrological model skills change with drought severity; insights from multi-variable evaluation G. Bruno et al.
- Reconstruction of the dynamics of sap-flow timeseries of a beech forest using a machine learning approach J. Kabala et al.
- Over 60% precipitation transformed into terrestrial water storage in global river basins from 2002 to 2021 Y. Zhong et al.
- Using spatially explicit machine learning to enhance assessment of the Global Gravity-based Groundwater Product for groundwater storage change in Germany A. Raza et al.
- Green and blue water response to drought modulated by background climate and vegetation J. Xiao et al.
- Imprints of increases in evapotranspiration on decreases in streamflow during dry periods, a large-sample analysis in Germany G. Bruno et al.
- Forest expansion and irrigated agriculture reinforce low river flows in southern Europe during dry years S. Vicente-Serrano et al.
- Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective K. Fowler et al.
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of Evapotranspiration in Mainland Portugal Based on Climate Reanalysis Data J. Pegas et al.
- Recession constants are non-stationary: Impacts of multi-annual drought on catchment recession behaviour and storage dynamics L. Trotter et al.
- Causes of Missing Snowmelt Following Drought D. Lapides et al.
- Temporally compounding droughts at the global scale: Distribution, propagation, and projection X. Zhao et al.
- Drought decreases annual streamflow response to precipitation, especially in arid regions A. Matanó et al.
- Understanding the implications of climate change for Australia’s surface water resources: Challenges and future directions C. Wasko et al.
- Evaluation of streamflow trends and the drivers of long-term change for 33 river basins in the southeastern U.S. K. Wilbanks & D. Batzer
- CHANGE OF THE HORYN RIVER BASIN WATER BALANCE UNDER THE WARMER CLIMATE Y. Chornomorets & O. Lobodzinskyi
- Changes in Blue/Green Water Partitioning Under Severe Drought C. Stephens et al.
- Evapotranspiration partitioning by integrating eddy covariance, micro-lysimeter and unmanned aerial vehicle observations: A case study in the North China Plain J. Bian et al.
- Symptoms of Performance Degradation During Multi‐Annual Drought: A Large‐Sample, Multi‐Model Study L. Trotter et al.
- Partitioning of Precipitation Into Terrestrial Water Balance Components Under a Drying Climate H. Gardiya Weligamage et al.
- Disentangling the role of subsurface storage in the propagation of drought through the hydrological cycle G. Bruno et al.
- Climate warming shortens the propagation time from meteorological drought to groundwater drought over 1960–2100 Y. Zhang et al.
- Assessment of Evaporative Demand Drought Index for drought analysis in Peninsular Malaysia C. Ng et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Apr 2026
Short summary
Droughts are a creeping disaster, meaning that their onset, duration and recovery are challenging to monitor and forecast. Here, we provide further evidence of an additional challenge of droughts, i.e. the fact that the deficit in water supply during droughts is generally much more than expected based on the observed decline in precipitation. At a European scale we explain this with enhanced evapotranspiration, sustained by higher atmospheric demand for moisture during such dry periods.
Droughts are a creeping disaster, meaning that their onset, duration and recovery are...