Articles | Volume 25, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Nov 2021
Research article |
| 24 Nov 2021
| 24 Nov 2021
The impact of wind on the rainfall–runoff relationship in urban high-rise building areas
Xichao Gao
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Zhiyong Yang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Dawei Han
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Kai Gao
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
Related authors
Xichao Gao, Zhiyong Yang, Dawei Han, Guoru Huang, and Qian Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-367, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-367, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Input errors and parameter errors are two main sources of uncertainties in hydrological model calibration. We developed a new Bayesian framework for automatic calibration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), simultaneously considering parameter and input uncertainties and verified the framework with a case study. The results shows that calibration considering both parameter and input uncertainties captures peak flow much better that only considering parameter uncertainty.
Qian Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Dongyang Zhou, Tiantian Yang, and Xinyi Song
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1665–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and prediction. Satellite-based precipitation with different spatiotemporal resolutions is an important input source. Data-driven models are sometimes proven to be more accurate than hydrological models. Event-based calibration and conventional strategy are two options adopted for flood simulation. This study targets the three concerns for accurate flood event simulation and prediction.
Qiang Dai, Jingxuan Zhu, Shuliang Zhang, Shaonan Zhu, Dawei Han, and Guonian Lv
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5407–5422, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5407-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5407-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall is a driving force that accounts for a large proportion of soil loss around the world. Most previous studies used a fixed rainfall–energy relationship to estimate rainfall energy, ignoring the spatial and temporal changes of raindrop microphysical processes. This study proposes a novel method for large-scale and long-term rainfall energy and rainfall erosivity investigations based on rainfall microphysical parameterization schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
Xichao Gao, Zhiyong Yang, Dawei Han, Guoru Huang, and Qian Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-367, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-367, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Input errors and parameter errors are two main sources of uncertainties in hydrological model calibration. We developed a new Bayesian framework for automatic calibration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), simultaneously considering parameter and input uncertainties and verified the framework with a case study. The results shows that calibration considering both parameter and input uncertainties captures peak flow much better that only considering parameter uncertainty.
Lu Zhuo, Qiang Dai, Binru Zhao, and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2577–2591, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2577-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2577-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture plays an important role in hydrological modelling. However, most existing in situ observation networks rarely provide sufficient coverage to capture soil moisture variations. Clearly, there is a need to develop a systematic approach, so that with the minimal number of sensors the soil moisture information could be captured accurately. In this study, a simple and low-data requirement method is proposed (WRF, PCA, CA), which can provide very efficient soil moisture estimations.
Cristina Prieto, Dhruvesh Patel, and Dawei Han
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1045–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1045-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1045-2020, 2020
Lu Zhuo, Qiang Dai, Dawei Han, Ningsheng Chen, and Binru Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4199–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4199-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4199-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the usability of WRF model-simulated soil moisture for landslide monitoring in northern Italy. In particular, three advanced land surface model schemes (Noah, Noah-MP, and CLM4) are used to provide multi-layer soil moisture data. The results have shown Noah-MP can provide the best landslide monitoring performance. It is also demonstrated that a single soil moisture sensor located in plain area has a high correlation with a significant proportion of the study area.
Xuehong Zhu, Qiang Dai, Dawei Han, Lu Zhuo, Shaonan Zhu, and Shuliang Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3353–3372, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3353-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3353-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Urban flooding exposure is generally investigated with the assumption of stationary disasters and disaster-hit bodies during an event, and thus it cannot satisfy the increasingly elaborate modeling and management of urban floods. In this study, a comprehensive method was proposed to simulate dynamic exposure to urban flooding considering human mobility. Several scenarios, including diverse flooding types and various responses of residents to flooding, were considered.
Binru Zhao, Qiang Dai, Dawei Han, Huichao Dai, Jingqiao Mao, and Lu Zhuo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-150, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-150, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Qi Chu, Zongxue Xu, Yiheng Chen, and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3391–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3391-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3391-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of WRF domain configurations and spin-up time on rainfall were evaluated at high temporal and spatial scales for simulating an extreme sub-daily heavy rainfall (SDHR) event. Both objective verification metrics and subjective verification were used to identify the likely best set of the configurations. Results show that re-evaluation of these WRF settings is of great importance in improving the accuracy and reliability of the rainfall simulations in the regional SDHR applications.
Dong-Ik Kim, Hyun-Han Kwon, and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-36, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a new QM approach based on a composite distribution of a generalized Pareto distribution for the upper tail and a gamma distribution for the interior part of the distribution. The proposed composite distributions provide a significant reduction of the biases compared with that of the conventional method for the extremes. The proposed approach can provide a useful alternative for the bias correction of a regional-scale modeled data with a limited network of rain gauges.
Binru Zhao, Huichao Dai, Dawei Han, and Guiwen Rong
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-396, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-396, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study compared the hydrological model performance of different sub-annual calibration schemes, which take into account intra-annual variations of climate. Two methods recognizing climatic patterns were applied to partition sub-periods with hydroclimatic similarities. The effect of time scales on sub-annual calibration schemes was also studied. Results indicate when using sub-annual calibration schemes, the selection of partitioning method and time scale is important to model performances.
Lu Zhuo and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3267–3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3267-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3267-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable estimation of hydrological soil moisture state is of critical importance in operational hydrology to improve the flood prediction and hydrological cycle description. This paper attempts for the first time to build a soil moisture product directly applicable to hydrology using multiple data sources retrieved from remote sensing and land surface modelling. The result shows a significant improvement of the soil moisture state accuracy; the method can be easily applied in other catchments.
Jun Zhang, Dawei Han, Yang Song, and Qiang Dai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-289, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-289, 2017
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
We explore unit hydrograph (UH) affected by geomorphology that could be used in ungauged catchments. Virtual catchments approach (VCA) is used instead of gauged catchments in runoff modelling. Catchment shape is newly introduced and the agreement of the results with the hydrological principles verifies the reliability of VCA. With the robust VCA, a large amount of catchments can be created with desirable features to explore a more comprehensive equation that can be used in ungauged catchments.
Remko Nijzink, Christopher Hutton, Ilias Pechlivanidis, René Capell, Berit Arheimer, Jim Freer, Dawei Han, Thorsten Wagener, Kevin McGuire, Hubert Savenije, and Markus Hrachowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4775–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4775-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4775-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The core component of many hydrological systems, the moisture storage capacity available to vegetation, is typically treated as a calibration parameter in hydrological models and often considered to remain constant in time. In this paper we test the potential of a recently introduced method to robustly estimate catchment-scale root-zone storage capacities exclusively based on climate data to reproduce the temporal evolution of root-zone storage under change (deforestation).
Kue Bum Kim, Hyun-Han Kwon, and Dawei Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2019–2034, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2019-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2019-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A primary advantage of using model ensembles for climate change impact studies is to represent the uncertainties associated with models through the ensemble spread. Currently, most of the conventional bias correction methods adjust all the ensemble members to one reference observation. As a result, the ensemble spread is degraded during bias correction. However the proposed method is able to correct the bias and conform to the ensemble spread so that the ensemble information can be better used.
S. Ceola, B. Arheimer, E. Baratti, G. Blöschl, R. Capell, A. Castellarin, J. Freer, D. Han, M. Hrachowitz, Y. Hundecha, C. Hutton, G. Lindström, A. Montanari, R. Nijzink, J. Parajka, E. Toth, A. Viglione, and T. Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2101–2117, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2101-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2101-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present the outcomes of a collaborative hydrological experiment undertaken by five different international research groups in a virtual laboratory. Moving from the definition of accurate protocols, a rainfall-runoff model was independently applied by the research groups, which then engaged in a comparative discussion. The results revealed that sharing protocols and running the experiment within a controlled environment is fundamental for ensuring experiment repeatability and reproducibility.
J. Liu and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3639–3659, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3639-2013, 2013
J. Liu, M. Bray, and D. Han
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3095–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3095-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Urban Hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
ET cool home: innovative educational activities on evapotranspiration and urban heat
Drivers of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a groundwater-fed urban catchment revealed by high-frequency monitoring
Isotopic reconnaissance of urban water supply system dynamics
Fractal analysis of urban catchments and their representation in semi-distributed models: imperviousness and sewer system
Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities
Kyle Blount, Garett Pignotti, and Jordyn Wolfand
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1515–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an applied approach to evapotranspiration (ET) instruction. In a laboratory experiment, students calculate ET using water balance and energy balance approaches for five urban land surface covers (gravel, soil, grass, asphalt, and mulch). The experiment is paired with an urban heat tour facilitated by thermal infrared cameras. The activities are adaptable for various contexts, ranging from undergraduate lab classes to demonstrations for pre-university classrooms and the public.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Yusuf Jameel, Simon Brewer, Richard P. Fiorella, Brett J. Tipple, Shazelle Terry, and Gabriel J. Bowen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6109–6125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Public water supply systems (PWSSs) are important infrastructure susceptible to contamination and physical disruption. In general, PWSSs are analyzed using hydrodynamic models, which requires detailed supply infrastructure information. In this paper, we have shown that stable isotope mixing models can also provide useful information on PWSSs. The method developed here can be useful in studying decentralized PWSSs, validating hydrodynamic models and solving water right issues.
Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, Susana Ochoa-Rodriguez, Patrick Willems, Abdellah Ichiba, Li-Pen Wang, Rui Pina, Johan Van Assel, Guendalina Bruni, Damian Murla Tuyls, and Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2361–2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2361-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Data from 10 urban or peri-urban catchments located in five EU countries are used to analyze the imperviousness distribution and sewer network geometry. Consistent scale invariant features are retrieved for both (fractal dimensions can be defined), which enables to define a level of urbanization. Imperviousness representation in operational model is also found to exhibit scale-invariant features (even multifractality). The research was carried out as part of the UE INTERREG IV RainGain project.
T. Grodek, J. Lange, J. Lekach, and S. Husary
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 953–966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Best, A.: The size distribution of raindrops, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 76, 16–36, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707632704, 1950.
Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J.: Driving rain on building envelopes – I. Numerical estimation and full-scale experimental verification, J. Therm. Envel. Build. Sci., 24, 61–85, https://doi.org/10.1177/109719630002400104, 2000a.
Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J.: Driving rain on building envelopes – II. Representative experimental data for driving rain estimation, J. Therm. Envel. Build. Sci., 24, 89–110, https://doi.org/10.1106/EGXC-T4CL-E8VN-9JRL, 2000b.
Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J.: A review of wind-driven rain research in building science, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92, 1079–1130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.06.003, 2004.
Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J.: High-resolution wind-driven rain measurements on a low-rise building – experimental data for model development and model validation, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93, 905–928, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.09.004, 2005.
Blocken, B. and Carmeliet, J.: On the accuracy of wind-driven rain measurements on buildings, Build Environ., 41, 1798–1810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.022, 2006.
Blocken, B., Derome, D., and Carmeliet, J.: Rainwater runoff from building facades: A review, Build Environ., 60, 339–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.008, 2013.
Choi, E.: Simulation of wind-driven-rain around a building, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 46–47, 721–729, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50080-2, 1993.
Choi, E.: Determination of wind-driven-rain intensity on building faces, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 51, 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90077-9, 1994a.
Choi, E.: Numerical modelling of gust effect on wind-driven rain, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 72, 107–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00246-8, 1997.
Choi, E. C.: Parameters affecting the intensity of wind-driven rain on the front face of a building, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 53, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90015-9, 1994b.
Cristiano, E., ten Veldhuis, M.-C., and van de Giesen, N.: Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and their effects on hydrological response in urban areas – a review, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3859–3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3859-2017, 2017.
Dai, Q. and Han, D.: Exploration of discrepancy between radar and gauge rainfall estimates driven by wind fields, Water Resour. Res., 50, 8571–8588, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015794, 2014.
Dai, Q., Yang, Q., Han, D., Rico-Ramirez, M. A., and Zhang, S.: Adjustment of radar-gauge rainfall discrepancy due to raindrop drift and evaporation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and dual-polarization radar, Water Resour. Res., 55, 9211–9233, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025517, 2019.
Domínguez-Hernández, J., Pérez-Bella, J. M., Alonso-Martínez, M., Cano-Suñén, E., and del Coz-Díaz, J.: Assessment of water penetration risk in building facades throughout Brazil, Build. Res. Inf., 45, 492–507, https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1183441, 2017.
Gao, X.: Experimental data, available at: https://github.com/pandagxc/building-areas-runoff, last access: November 2021.
Gunn, R. and Kinzer, G. D.: The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air, J. Meteorol., 6, 243–248, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1949)006<0243:TTVOFF>2.0.CO;2, 1949.
Hangan, H.: Wind-driven rain studies. A C-FD-E approach, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 81, 323–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00027-6, 1999.
Hanjalić, K. and Launder, B. E.: A Reynolds stress model of turbulence and its application to thin shear flows, J. Fluid Mech., 52, 609–638, https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211207200268X, 1972.
Isidoro, J. M., de Lima, J. L., and Leandro, J.: Influence of wind-driven rain on the rainfall-runoff process for urban areas: Scale model of high-rise buildings, Urban Water J., 9, 199–210, https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2012.654801, 2012.
Kavetski, D., Kuczera, G., and Franks, S. W.: Bayesian analysis of input uncertainty in hydrological modeling: 1. Theory, Water Resour. Res., 42, W03407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004368, 2006.
Kubilay, A., Derome, D., Blocken, B., and Carmeliet, J.: High-resolution field measurements of wind-driven rain on an array of low-rise cubic buildings, Build Environ., 78, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.04.004, 2014.
Lakehal, D., Mestayer, P., Edson, J., Anquetin, S., and Sini, J.-F.: Eulero-Lagrangian simulation of raindrop trajectories and impacts within the urban canopy, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3501–3517, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00202-A, 1995.
Launder, B. E. and Spalding, D. B.: The numerical computation of turbulent flows, in: Numerical prediction of flow, heat transfer, turbulence and combustion, Elsevier, Pergamon, 96–116, 1983.
Nore, K., Blocken, B., Jelle, B. P., Thue, J. V., and Carmeliet, J.: A dataset of wind-driven rain measurements on a low-rise test building in Norway, Build Environ., 42, 2150–2165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.003, 2007.
Ochoa-Rodriguez, S., Wang, L.-P., Gires, A., Pina, R. D., Reinoso-Rondinel, R., Bruni, G., Ichiba, A., Gaitan, S., Cristiano, E., and van Assel, J.: Impact of spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall inputs on urban hydrodynamic modelling outputs: A multi-catchment investigation, J. Hydrol., 531, 389–407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.035, 2015.
Smith, M. B., Koren, V. I., Zhang, Z., Reed, S. M., Pan, J.-J., and Moreda, F.: Runoff response to spatial variability in precipitation: an analysis of observed data, J. Hydrol., 298, 267–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.039, 2004.
Syed, K. H., Goodrich, D. C., Myers, D. E., and Sorooshian, S.: Spatial characteristics of thunderstorm rainfall fields and their relation to runoff, J. Hydrol., 271, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00311-6, 2003.
Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A., Yoshie, R., Kataoka, H., Nozu, T., Yoshikawa, M., and Shirasawa, T.: AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96, 1749–1761, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058, 2008.
Wang, H., Hou, X., and Deng, Y.: Numerical simulations of wind-driven rain on building facades under various oblique winds based on Eulerian multiphase model, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 142, 82–92, 2015.
Yuan, F., Zhang, J. Z., Wang, J., and Wang, R.: Variation characteristics of intensity and pattern of short duration rainstorm in Beijing under the background of climate change, Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 802–809, https://doi.org/10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20191129001, 2021 (in Chinese).
Yoo, C., Cho, E., Na, W., Kang, M., and Lee, M.: Change of rainfall–runoff processes in urban areas due to high-rise buildings, J. Hydrol., 597, 126155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126155, 2021.
Zhou, J., Liu, J., Wang, H., Wang, Z., and Mei, C.: Water dissipation mechanism of residential and office buildings in urban areas, Sci. China Ser. E, 61, 1072–1080, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9193-8, 2018.
Zhou, J., Liu, J., Yan, D., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Shao, W., and Luan, Y.: Dissipation of water in urban area, mechanism and modelling with the consideration of anthropogenic impacts: A case study in Xiamen, J. Hydrol., 570, 356–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.054, 2019.
Short summary
We proposed a theoretical framework and conducted a laboratory experiment to understand the relationship between wind and the rainfall–runoff process in urban high-rise building areas. The runoff coefficient (relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received) found in the theoretical framework was close to that found in the laboratory experiment.
We proposed a theoretical framework and conducted a laboratory experiment to understand the...
