Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-527-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-527-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
Review article
 | 
02 Feb 2021
Review article |  | 02 Feb 2021

A history of TOPMODEL

Keith J. Beven, Mike J. Kirkby, Jim E. Freer, and Rob Lamb

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Short summary
The theory that forms the basis of TOPMODEL was first outlined by Mike Kirkby some 45 years ago. This paper recalls some of the early developments: the rejection of the first journal paper, the early days of digital terrain analysis, model calibration and validation, the various criticisms of the simplifying assumptions, and the relaxation of those assumptions in the dynamic forms of TOPMODEL, and it considers what we might do now with the benefit of hindsight.
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Special issue
History of hydrology (HESS/HGSS inter-journal SI)