Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4789-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4789-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Applicability of Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor for identifying submarine groundwater discharge springs in the Mediterranean Sea basin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1–3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Albert Folch
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1–3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Jordi Garcia-Orellana
Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals – ICTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Rainwater infiltrates aquifers and travels a long subsurface journey towards the ocean where it eventually enters below sea level. In its path towards the sea, water becomes enriched in many compounds that are naturally or artificially present within soils and sediments. We demonstrate that extreme rainfall events may significantly increase the inflow of water to the ocean, thereby increasing the supply of these compounds that are fundamental for the sustainability of coastal ecosystems.
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Our study of the chronological sequence of Monte Perdido Glacier in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) reveals that, although the intense warming associated with the Roman period or Medieval Climate Anomaly produced important ice mass losses, it was insufficient to make this glacier disappear. By contrast, recent global warming has melted away almost 600 years of ice accumulated since the Little Ice Age, jeopardising the survival of this and other southern European glaciers over the next few decades.
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Short summary
Satellite thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is a useful method for identifying coastal springs in karst aquifers both locally and regionally. The limiting factors include technical limitations, geological and hydrogeological characteristics, environmental and marine conditions, and coastal geomorphology. Also, it can serve as a tool to use for a first screening of the coastal water surface temperature to identify possible thermal anomalies that will help narrow the sampling survey.
Satellite thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is a useful method for identifying coastal...