Articles | Volume 24, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-761-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-761-2020
Education and communication
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19 Feb 2020
Education and communication | Highlight paper |  | 19 Feb 2020

The millennium-old hydrogeology textbook The Extraction of Hidden Waters by the Persian mathematician and engineer Abubakr Mohammad Karaji (953 CE–1029 CE)

Behzad Ataie-Ashtiani and Craig T. Simmons

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Latest update: 15 Apr 2024
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Short summary
We revisit and shed light on the textbook The Extraction of Hidden Waters by the Persian mathematician and engineer Abubakr Mohammad Karaji. Ground-breaking ideas and descriptions of hydrological and hydrogeological perceptions such as components of the hydrological cycle, groundwater quality and driving factors for groundwater flow were presented in the book. We speculate that Karaji's book is the first of its kind to provide a construction and maintenance manual for an engineering project.