Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-405-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-405-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Jan 2019
Research article |
| 24 Jan 2019
| 24 Jan 2019
Multi-scale temporal variability in meltwater contributions in a tropical glacierized watershed
Leila Saberi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Rachel T. McLaughlin
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
G.-H. Crystal Ng
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
Jeff La Frenierre
Department of Geography, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA
Andrew D. Wickert
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
Michel Baraer
Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, H3C 1K3, Canada
Wei Zhi
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-1294, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-1294, USA
Bryan G. Mark
Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1361, USA
Related authors
Wei Zhi, Yuning Shi, Hang Wen, Leila Saberi, Gene-Hua Crystal Ng, Kayalvizhi Sadayappan, Devon Kerins, Bryn Stewart, and Li Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Watersheds are the fundamental Earth surface functioning unit that connects the land to aquatic systems. Here we present the recently developed BioRT-Flux-PIHM v1.0, a watershed-scale biogeochemical reactive transport model, to improve our ability to understand and predict solute export and water quality. The model has been verified against the benchmark code CrunchTope and has recently been applied to understand reactive transport processes in multiple watersheds of different conditions.
Robert A. Watson, Eoghan P. Holohan, Djamil Al-Halbouni, Leila Saberi, Ali Sawarieh, Damien Closson, Hussam Alrshdan, Najib Abou Karaki, Christian Siebert, Thomas R. Walter, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The fall of the Dead Sea level since the 1960s has provoked the formation of over 6000 sinkholes, a major hazard to local economy and infrastructure. In this context, we study the evolution of subsidence phenomena at three area scales at the Dead Sea’s eastern shore from 1967–2017. Our results yield the most detailed insights to date into the spatio-temporal development of sinkholes and larger depressions (uvalas) in an evaporite karst setting and emphasize a link to the falling Dead Sea level.
G.-H. Crystal Ng, Andrew D. Wickert, Lauren D. Somers, Leila Saberi, Collin Cronkite-Ratcliff, Richard G. Niswonger, and Jeffrey M. McKenzie
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4755–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4755-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4755-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The profound importance of water has led to the development of increasingly complex hydrological models. However, implementing these models is usually time-consuming and requires specialized expertise, stymieing their widespread use to support science-driven decision-making. In response, we have developed GSFLOW–GRASS, a robust and comprehensive set of software tools that can be readily used to set up and execute GSFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey's coupled groundwater–surface-water flow model.
Matias Romero, Shanti B. Penprase, Maximillian S. Van Wyk de Vries, Andrew D. Wickert, Andrew G. Jones, Shaun A. Marcott, Jorge A. Strelin, Mateo A. Martini, Tammy M. Rittenour, Guido Brignone, Mark D. Shapley, Emi Ito, Kelly R. MacGregor, and Marc W. Caffee
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-24, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-24, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating past glaciated regions is crucial to understanding how ice sheets have responded to climate forcings and how they might respond to different emission scenarios in the near future. We use two independent dating techniques to document the timing and extent of the last two glacial cycles in southern Patagonia. Our work highlights feedbacks in the Earth’s system responsible for driving glacier growth in the Southern Hemisphere prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum.
Kara A. Lamantia, Laura J. Larocca, Lonnie G. Thompson, and Bryan G. Mark
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-676, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-676, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers that exist within tropical regions are a vital water resource and excellent indicators of changing climate. We use satellite imagery analysis to detect the boundary between snow and ice on the Quelccaya Ice Cap (QIC) in Peru, the world’s largest tropical ice cap. This indicates the QIC’s health and can be analyzed with other variables such as temperature, precipitation, and sea surface temperature anomalies to better understand what factors on what timeline are driving the ice retreat.
James Stegen, Amy Burgin, Michelle Busch, Joshua Fisher, Joshua Ladau, Jenna Abrahamson, Lauren Kinsman-Costello, Li Li, Xingyuan Chen, Thibault Datry, Nate McDowell, Corianne Tatariw, Anna Braswell, Jillian Deines, Julia Guimond, Peter Regier, Kenton Rod, Edward Bam, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Inke Forbrich, Kristin Jaeger, Teri O'Meara, Tim Scheibe, Erin Seybold, Jon Sweetman, Jianqiu Zheng, Daniel Allen, Elizabeth Herndon, Beth Middleton, Scott Painter, Kevin Roche, Julianne Scamardo, Ross Vander Vorste, Kristin Boye, Ellen Wohl, Margaret Zimmer, Kelly Hondula, Maggi Laan, Anna Marshall, and Kaizad Patel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-98, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-98, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The loss and gain of surface water (variable inundation) is a common process across Earth. Global change shifts variable inundation dynamics, highlighting a need for unified understanding that transcends individual variably inundated ecosystems (VIEs). We review literature, highlight challenges, and emphasize opportunities to generate transferable knowledge by viewing VIEs through a common lens. We aim to inspire the emergence of a cross-VIE community based on a proposed continuum approach.
Gary Sterle, Julia Perdrial, Dustin W. Kincaid, Kristen L. Underwood, Donna M. Rizzo, Ijaz Ul Haq, Li Li, Byung Suk Lee, Thomas Adler, Hang Wen, Helena Middleton, and Adrian A. Harpold
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 611–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-611-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-611-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop stream water chemistry to pair with the existing CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies) dataset. The newly developed dataset, termed CAMELS-Chem, includes common stream water chemistry constituents and wet deposition chemistry in 516 catchments. Examples show the value of CAMELS-Chem to trend and spatial analyses, as well as its limitations in sampling length and consistency.
Chao Wang, Stephen Leisz, Li Li, Xiaoying Shi, Jiafu Mao, Yi Zheng, and Anping Chen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 75–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-75-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-75-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change can significantly impact river runoff; however, predicting future runoff is challenging. Using historical runoff gauge data to evaluate model performances in runoff simulations for the Mekong River, we quantify future runoff changes in the Mekong River with the best simulation combination. Results suggest a significant increase in the annual runoff, along with varied seasonal distributions, thus heightening the need for adapted water resource management measures.
Andrew D. Wickert, Jabari C. Jones, and Gene-Hua Crystal Ng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3118, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For over a century, scientists have used a simple algebraic relationship to estimate the amount of water flowing through a river (its discharge) from the height of the flow (its stage). Here we add physical realism to this approach by explicitly representing both the channel and floodplain, thereby allowing channel and floodplain geometry and roughness to these estimates. Our proposed advance may improve predictions of floods and water resources, even when the river channel itself changes.
Livia Piermattei, Michael Zemp, Christian Sommer, Fanny Brun, Matthias H. Braun, Liss M. Andreassen, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Etienne Berthier, Atanu Bhattacharya, Laura Boehm Vock, Tobias Bolch, Amaury Dehecq, Inés Dussaillant, Daniel Falaschi, Caitlyn Florentine, Dana Floricioiu, Christian Ginzler, Gregoire Guillet, Romain Hugonnet, Matthias Huss, Andreas Kääb, Owen King, Christoph Klug, Friedrich Knuth, Lukas Krieger, Jeff La Frenierre, Robert McNabb, Christopher McNeil, Rainer Prinz, Louis Sass, Thorsten Seehaus, David Shean, Désirée Treichler, Anja Wendt, and Ruitang Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2309, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2309, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites have made it possible to observe glacier elevation changes from all around the world. In the present study, we compared the results produced from two different types of satellite data between different research groups and against validation measurements from aeroplanes. We found a large spread between individual results but showed that the group ensemble can be used to reliably estimate glacier elevation changes and related errors from satellite data.
Vasana Dharmadasa, Christophe Kinnard, and Michel Baraër
The Cryosphere, 17, 1225–1246, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the successful usage of UAV lidar to monitor small-scale snow depth distribution. Our results show that underlying topography and wind redistribution of snow along forest edges govern the snow depth variability at agro-forested sites, while forest structure variability dominates snow depth variability in the coniferous environment. This emphasizes the importance of including and better representing these processes in physically based models for accurate snowpack estimates.
Eole Valence, Michel Baraer, Eric Rosa, Florent Barbecot, and Chloe Monty
The Cryosphere, 16, 3843–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The internal properties of the snow cover shape the annual hygrogram of northern and alpine regions. This study develops a multi-method approach to measure the evolution of snowpack internal properties. The snowpack hydrological property evolution was evaluated with drone-based ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. In addition, the combination of GPR observations and time domain reflectometry measurements is shown to be able to be adapted to monitor the snowpack moisture over winter.
Emilio I. Mateo, Bryan G. Mark, Robert Å. Hellström, Michel Baraer, Jeffrey M. McKenzie, Thomas Condom, Alejo Cochachín Rapre, Gilber Gonzales, Joe Quijano Gómez, and Rolando Cesai Crúz Encarnación
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2865–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents detailed and comprehensive hydrological and meteorological datasets collected over the past two decades throughout the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. With four weather stations and six streamflow gauges ranging from 3738 to 4750 m above sea level, this network displays a vertical breadth of data and enables detailed research of atmospheric and hydrological processes in a tropical high mountain region.
Wei Zhi, Yuning Shi, Hang Wen, Leila Saberi, Gene-Hua Crystal Ng, Kayalvizhi Sadayappan, Devon Kerins, Bryn Stewart, and Li Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Watersheds are the fundamental Earth surface functioning unit that connects the land to aquatic systems. Here we present the recently developed BioRT-Flux-PIHM v1.0, a watershed-scale biogeochemical reactive transport model, to improve our ability to understand and predict solute export and water quality. The model has been verified against the benchmark code CrunchTope and has recently been applied to understand reactive transport processes in multiple watersheds of different conditions.
Maximillian Van Wyk de Vries and Andrew D. Wickert
The Cryosphere, 15, 2115–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We can measure glacier flow and sliding velocity by tracking patterns on the ice surface in satellite images. The surface velocity of glaciers provides important information to support assessments of glacier response to climate change, to improve regional assessments of ice thickness, and to assist with glacier fieldwork. Our paper describes Glacier Image Velocimetry (GIV), a new, easy-to-use, and open-source toolbox for calculating high-resolution velocity time series for any glacier on earth.
Richard Barnes, Kerry L. Callaghan, and Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 105–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Existing ways of modeling the flow of water amongst landscape depressions such as swamps and lakes take a long time to run. However, as our previous work explains, depressions can be quickly organized into a data structure – the depression hierarchy. This paper explains how the depression hierarchy can be used to quickly simulate the realistic filling of depressions including how they spill over into each other and, if they become full enough, how they merge into one another.
Hang Wen, Pamela L. Sullivan, Gwendolyn L. Macpherson, Sharon A. Billings, and Li Li
Biogeosciences, 18, 55–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-55-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-55-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonate weathering is essential in regulating carbon cycle at the century timescale. Plant roots accelerate weathering by elevating soil CO2 via respiration. It however remains poorly understood how and how much rooting characteristics modify flow paths and weathering. This work indicates that deepening roots in woodlands can enhance carbonate weathering by promoting recharge and CO2–carbonate contact in the deep, carbonate-abundant subsurface.
Anna Chesnokova, Michel Baraër, and Émilie Bouchard
The Cryosphere, 14, 4145–4164, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4145-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4145-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the context of a ubiquitous increase in winter discharge in cold regions, our results show that icing formations can help overcome the lack of direct observations in these remote environments and provide new insights into winter runoff generation. The multi-technique approach used in this study provided important information about the water sources active during the winter season in the headwaters of glacierized catchments.
Richard Barnes, Kerry L. Callaghan, and Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 431–445, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-431-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-431-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Maps of elevation are used to help predict the flow of water so we can better understand landslides, floods, and global climate change. However, modeling the flow of water is difficult when elevation maps include swamps, lakes, and other depressions. This paper explains a new method that overcomes these difficulties, allowing models to run faster and more accurately.
Sara Savi, Stefanie Tofelde, Andrew D. Wickert, Aaron Bufe, Taylor F. Schildgen, and Manfred R. Strecker
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 303–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-303-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-303-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial deposits record changes in water and sediment supply. As such, they are often used to reconstruct the tectonic or climatic history of a basin. In this study we used an experimental setting to analyze how fluvial deposits register changes in water or sediment supply at a confluence zone. We provide a new conceptual framework that may help understanding the construction of these deposits under different forcings conditions, information crucial to correctly inferring the history of a basin.
Hang Wen, Julia Perdrial, Benjamin W. Abbott, Susana Bernal, Rémi Dupas, Sarah E. Godsey, Adrian Harpold, Donna Rizzo, Kristen Underwood, Thomas Adler, Gary Sterle, and Li Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 945–966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-945-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lateral carbon fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic systems remain central uncertainties in determining ecosystem carbon balance. This work explores how temperature and hydrology control production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the catchment scale. Results illustrate the asynchrony of DOC production, controlled by temperature, and export, governed by flow paths; concentration–discharge relationships are determined by the relative contribution of shallow versus groundwater flow.
Robert A. Watson, Eoghan P. Holohan, Djamil Al-Halbouni, Leila Saberi, Ali Sawarieh, Damien Closson, Hussam Alrshdan, Najib Abou Karaki, Christian Siebert, Thomas R. Walter, and Torsten Dahm
Solid Earth, 10, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The fall of the Dead Sea level since the 1960s has provoked the formation of over 6000 sinkholes, a major hazard to local economy and infrastructure. In this context, we study the evolution of subsidence phenomena at three area scales at the Dead Sea’s eastern shore from 1967–2017. Our results yield the most detailed insights to date into the spatio-temporal development of sinkholes and larger depressions (uvalas) in an evaporite karst setting and emphasize a link to the falling Dead Sea level.
Kerry L. Callaghan and Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 737–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-737-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes and swales are real landscape features but are generally treated as data errors when calculating water flow across a surface. This is a problem because depressions can store water and fragment drainage networks. Until now, there has been no good generalized approach to calculate which depressions fill and overflow and which do not. We addressed this problem by simulating runoff flow across a landscape, selectively flooding depressions and more realistically connecting lakes and rivers.
Stefanie Tofelde, Sara Savi, Andrew D. Wickert, Aaron Bufe, and Taylor F. Schildgen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 609–631, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-609-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-609-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We performed seven physical experiments to explore terrace formation and sediment export from a braided alluvial river system that is perturbed by changes in water discharge, sediment supply, or base level. Each perturbation differently affects (1) the geometry of terraces and channels, (2) the timing of terrace formation, and (3) the transient response of sediment discharge. Our findings provide guidelines for interpreting fill terraces and sediment export from fluvial systems.
Andrew D. Wickert, Chad T. Sandell, Bobby Schulz, and Gene-Hua Crystal Ng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2065–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2065-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2065-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring Earth's changing environment is a critical part of natural science, but to date most of the equipment to do so is expensive, proprietary, and difficult to customize. We addressed this challenge by developing and deploying the ALog, a low-power, lightweight, Arduino-compatible data logger. We present our hardware schematics and layouts, as well as our customizable code library that operates the ALog and helps users to link it to off-the-shelf sensors.
Andrew D. Wickert and Taylor F. Schildgen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 17–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can raise or lower their beds by depositing or eroding sediments. We combine equations for flow, channel/valley geometry, and gravel transport to learn how climate and tectonics shape down-valley profiles of river-bed elevation. Rivers steepen when they receive more sediment (relative to water) and become straighter with tectonic uplift. Weathering and breakdown of gravel is needed to produce gradually widening river channels with concave-up profiles that are often observed in the field.
G.-H. Crystal Ng, Andrew D. Wickert, Lauren D. Somers, Leila Saberi, Collin Cronkite-Ratcliff, Richard G. Niswonger, and Jeffrey M. McKenzie
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4755–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4755-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4755-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The profound importance of water has led to the development of increasingly complex hydrological models. However, implementing these models is usually time-consuming and requires specialized expertise, stymieing their widespread use to support science-driven decision-making. In response, we have developed GSFLOW–GRASS, a robust and comprehensive set of software tools that can be readily used to set up and execute GSFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey's coupled groundwater–surface-water flow model.
Roland Baatz, Pamela L. Sullivan, Li Li, Samantha R. Weintraub, Henry W. Loescher, Michael Mirtl, Peter M. Groffman, Diana H. Wall, Michael Young, Tim White, Hang Wen, Steffen Zacharias, Ingolf Kühn, Jianwu Tang, Jérôme Gaillardet, Isabelle Braud, Alejandro N. Flores, Praveen Kumar, Henry Lin, Teamrat Ghezzehei, Julia Jones, Henry L. Gholz, Harry Vereecken, and Kris Van Looy
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 593–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-593-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Focusing on the usage of integrated models and in situ Earth observatory networks, three challenges are identified to advance understanding of ESD, in particular to strengthen links between biotic and abiotic, and above- and below-ground processes. We propose developing a model platform for interdisciplinary usage, to formalize current network infrastructure based on complementarities and operational synergies, and to extend the reanalysis concept to the ecosystem and critical zone.
Oliver Wigmore and Bryan Mark
The Cryosphere, 11, 2463–2480, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2463-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2463-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Using a drone custom built for high altitude flight (4000–6000 m) we completed repeat surveys of Llaca Glacier in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Analysis of high resolution imagery and elevation data reveals highly heterogeneous patterns of glacier change and the important role of ice cliffs in glacier melt dynamics. Drones are found to provide a viable and potentially transformative method for studying glacier change at high spatial resolution, on demand and at relatively low cost.
Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 831–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-831-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-831-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets that once spread across northern North America dramatically changed the drainage basin areas and discharges of rivers across the continent. As these ice sheets retreated, starting around 19 500 years ago, they sent meltwater to the oceans, influencing climate and building a geologic record of deglaciation. This record can be used to evaluate ice-sheet reconstructions and build an improved history and understanding of past ice-sheet collapse across North America.
A. D. Wickert
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 997–1017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-997-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-997-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Earth's lithosphere bends beneath surface loads, such as ice, sediments, and mountain belts. The pattern of this bending, or flexural isostatic response, is a function of both the loads and the spatially variable strength of the lithosphere. gFlex is an easy-to-use program to calculate flexural isostastic response, and may be used to better understand how ice sheets, glaciers, large lakes, sedimentary basins, volcanoes, and other surface loads interact with the solid Earth.
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Metamorphic testing of machine learning and conceptual hydrologic models
The influence of human activities on streamflow reductions during the megadrought in central Chile
Elevational control of isotopic composition and application in understanding hydrologic processes in the mid Merced River catchment, Sierra Nevada, California, USA
Enhancing long short-term memory (LSTM)-based streamflow prediction with a spatially distributed approach
Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain
Impacts of spatiotemporal resolutions of precipitation on flood event simulation based on multimodel structures – a case study over the Xiang River basin in China
A network approach for multiscale catchment classification using traits
Multi-model approach in a variable spatial framework for streamflow simulation
Advancing understanding of lake–watershed hydrology: a fully coupled numerical model illustrated by Qinghai Lake
Technical note: Testing the connection between hillslope-scale runoff fluctuations and streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of large river basins
Empirical stream thermal sensitivity cluster on the landscape according to geology and climate
Deep learning for monthly rainfall–runoff modelling: a large-sample comparison with conceptual models across Australia
On optimization of calibrations of a distributed hydrological model with spatially distributed information on snow
Toward interpretable LSTM-based modeling of hydrological systems
Flow intermittence prediction using a hybrid hydrological modelling approach: influence of observed intermittence data on the training of a random forest model
What controls the tail behaviour of flood series: rainfall or runoff generation?
Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry-season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed in northern California
Glaciers determine the sensitivity of hydrological processes to perturbed climate in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau
Leveraging gauge networks and strategic discharge measurements to aid the development of continuous streamflow records
On the need for physical constraints in deep learning rainfall–runoff projections under climate change: a sensitivity analysis to warming and shifts in potential evapotranspiration
Evaluation of hydrological models on small mountainous catchments: impact of the meteorological forcings
Impacts of climate and land-surface change on catchment evapotranspiration and runoff from 1951–2020 in Saxony, Germany
Projecting sediment export from two highly glacierized alpine catchments under climate change: exploring non-parametric regression as an analysis tool
Evolution of river regime in the Mekong River basin over eight decades and role of dams in recent hydrologic extremes
A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+
On understanding mountainous carbonate basins of the Mediterranean using parsimonious modeling solutions
Comparing quantile regression forest and mixture density long short-term memory models for probabilistic post-processing of satellite precipitation-driven streamflow simulations
Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes
Towards robust seasonal streamflow forecasts in mountainous catchments: impact of calibration metric selection in hydrological modeling
HESS Opinions: The Sword of Damocles of the Impossible Flood
Modelling flood frequency and magnitude in a glacially conditioned, heterogeneous landscape: testing the importance of land cover and land use
When ancient numerical demons meet physics-informed machine learning: adjoint-based gradients for implicit differentiable modeling
Direct integration of reservoirs' operations in a hydrological model for streamflow estimation: coupling a CLSTM model with MOHID-Land
Skill of seasonal flow forecasts at catchment-scale: an assessment across South Korea
Modelling the regional sensitivity of snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow generation to climate over the Canadian Prairies using a basin classification approach
To what extent does river routing matter in hydrological modeling?
Calibrating macroscale hydrological models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins
An advanced tool integrating failure and sensitivity analysis into novel modeling of the stormwater flood volume
To Bucket or not to Bucket? Analyzing the performance and interpretability of hybrid hydrological models with dynamic parameterization
airGRteaching: an open-source tool for teaching hydrological modeling with R
Assessing the impact of climate change on high return levels of peak flows in Bavaria applying the CRCM5 Large Ensemble
To What Extent Do Extreme Storm Events Change Future Flood Hazards?
Stable water isotopes and tritium tracers tell the same tale: no evidence for underestimation of catchment transit times inferred by stable isotopes in StorAge Selection (SAS)-function models
Regionalization of GR4J model parameters for river flow prediction in Paraná, Brazil
Uncertainty in water transit time estimation with StorAge Selection functions and tracer data interpolation
Changes in Mediterranean flood processes and seasonality
Can the combining of wetlands with reservoir operation reduce the risk of future floods and droughts?
Knowledge-informed deep learning for hydrological model calibration: an application to Coal Creek Watershed in Colorado
When best is the enemy of good – critical evaluation of performance criteria in hydrological models
The suitability of differentiable, physics-informed machine learning hydrologic models for ungauged regions and climate change impact assessment
Peter Reichert, Kai Ma, Marvin Höge, Fabrizio Fenicia, Marco Baity-Jesi, Dapeng Feng, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2505–2529, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2505-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the predicted change in catchment outlet discharge to precipitation and temperature change for conceptual and machine learning hydrological models. We found that machine learning models, despite providing excellent fit and prediction capabilities, can be unreliable regarding the prediction of the effect of temperature change for low-elevation catchments. This indicates the need for caution when applying them for the prediction of the effect of climate change.
Nicolás Álamos, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Ariel Muñoz, and Álvaro González-Reyes
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2483–2503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2483-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we assess the effects of climate and water use on streamflow reductions and drought intensification during the last 3 decades in central Chile. We address this by contrasting streamflow observations with near-natural streamflow simulations. We conclude that while the lack of precipitation dominates streamflow reductions in the megadrought, water uses have not diminished during this time, causing a worsening of the hydrological drought conditions and maladaptation conditions.
Fengjing Liu, Martha H. Conklin, and Glenn D. Shaw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2239–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain snowpack has been declining and more precipitation falls as rain than snow. Using stable isotopes, we found flows and flow duration in Yosemite Creek are most sensitive to climate warming due to strong evaporation of waterfalls, potentially lengthening the dry-up period of waterfalls in summer and negatively affecting tourism. Groundwater recharge in Yosemite Valley is primarily from the upper snow–rain transition (2000–2500 m) and very vulnerable to a reduction in the snow–rain ratio.
Qiutong Yu, Bryan A. Tolson, Hongren Shen, Ming Han, Juliane Mai, and Jimmy Lin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2107–2122, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to incorporate input variables' spatial distribution information when implementing long short-term memory (LSTM) models for streamflow prediction. This work presents a novel hybrid modelling approach to predict streamflow while accounting for spatial variability. We evaluated the performance against lumped LSTM predictions in 224 basins across the Great Lakes region in North America. This approach shows promise for predicting streamflow in large, ungauged basin.
Marcus Buechel, Louise Slater, and Simon Dadson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2081–2105, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation has been proposed internationally, but the hydrological implications of such large increases in the spatial extent of woodland are not fully understood. In this study, we use a land surface model to simulate hydrology across Great Britain with realistic afforestation scenarios and potential climate changes. Countrywide afforestation minimally influences hydrology, when compared to climate change, and reduces low streamflow whilst not lowering the highest flows.
Qian Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Dongyang Zhou, Tiantian Yang, and Xinyi Song
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1665–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and prediction. Satellite-based precipitation with different spatiotemporal resolutions is an important input source. Data-driven models are sometimes proven to be more accurate than hydrological models. Event-based calibration and conventional strategy are two options adopted for flood simulation. This study targets the three concerns for accurate flood event simulation and prediction.
Fabio Ciulla and Charuleka Varadharajan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1617–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method based on network science for unsupervised classification of large datasets and apply it to classify 9067 US catchments and 274 biophysical traits at multiple scales. We find that our trait-based approach produces catchment classes with distinct streamflow behavior and that spatial patterns emerge amongst pristine and human-impacted catchments. This method can be widely used beyond hydrology to identify patterns, reduce trait redundancy, and select representative sites.
Cyril Thébault, Charles Perrin, Vazken Andréassian, Guillaume Thirel, Sébastien Legrand, and Olivier Delaigue
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1539–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow forecasting is useful for many applications, ranging from population safety (e.g. floods) to water resource management (e.g. agriculture or hydropower). To this end, hydrological models must be optimized. However, a model is inherently wrong. This study aims to analyse the contribution of a multi-model approach within a variable spatial framework to improve streamflow simulations. The underlying idea is to take advantage of the strength of each modelling framework tested.
Lele Shu, Xiaodong Li, Yan Chang, Xianhong Meng, Hao Chen, Yuan Qi, Hongwei Wang, Zhaoguo Li, and Shihua Lyu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1477–1491, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new model to better understand how water moves in a lake basin. Our model improves upon previous methods by accurately capturing the complexity of water movement, both on the surface and subsurface. Our model, tested using data from China's Qinghai Lake, accurately replicates complex water movements and identifies contributing factors of the lake's water balance. The findings provide a robust tool for predicting hydrological processes, aiding water resource planning.
Ricardo Mantilla, Morgan Fonley, and Nicolás Velásquez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1373–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1373-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrologists strive to “Be right for the right reasons” when modeling the hydrologic cycle; however, the datasets available to validate hydrological models are sparse, and in many cases, they comprise streamflow observations at the outlets of large catchments. In this work, we show that matching streamflow observations at the outlet of a large basin is not a reliable indicator of a correct description of the small-scale runoff processes.
Lillian M. McGill, E. Ashley Steel, and Aimee H. Fullerton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1351–1371, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the relationship between air and river temperatures in Washington's Snoqualmie and Wenatchee basins. We used classification and regression approaches to show that the sensitivity of river temperature to air temperature is variable across basins and controlled largely by geology and snowmelt. Findings can be used to inform strategies for river basin restoration and conservation, such as identifying climate-insensitive areas of the basin that should be preserved and protected.
Stephanie R. Clark, Julien Lerat, Jean-Michel Perraud, and Peter Fitch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1191–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To determine if deep learning models are in general a viable alternative to traditional hydrologic modelling techniques in Australian catchments, a comparison of river–runoff predictions is made between traditional conceptual models and deep learning models in almost 500 catchments spread over the continent. It is found that the deep learning models match or outperform the traditional models in over two-thirds of the river catchments, indicating feasibility in a wide variety of conditions.
Dipti Tiwari, Mélanie Trudel, and Robert Leconte
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1127–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1127-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Calibrating hydrological models with multi-objective functions enhances model robustness. By using spatially distributed snow information in the calibration, the model performance can be enhanced without compromising the outputs. In this study the HYDROTEL model was calibrated in seven different experiments, incorporating the SPAEF (spatial efficiency) metric alongside Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE), with the aim of identifying the optimal calibration strategy.
Luis Andres De la Fuente, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Hoshin Vijai Gupta, and Laura Elizabeth Condon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 945–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-945-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a widely used machine-learning model in hydrology, but it is difficult to extract knowledge from it. We propose HydroLSTM, which represents processes like a hydrological reservoir. Models based on HydroLSTM perform similarly to LSTM while requiring fewer cell states. The learned parameters are informative about the dominant hydrology of a catchment. Our results show how parsimony and hydrological knowledge extraction can be achieved by using the new structure.
Louise Mimeau, Annika Künne, Flora Branger, Sven Kralisch, Alexandre Devers, and Jean-Philippe Vidal
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 851–871, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling flow intermittence is essential for predicting the future evolution of drying in river networks and better understanding the ecological and socio-economic impacts. However, modelling flow intermittence is challenging, and observed data on temporary rivers are scarce. This study presents a new modelling approach for predicting flow intermittence in river networks and shows that combining different sources of observed data reduces the model uncertainty.
Elena Macdonald, Bruno Merz, Björn Guse, Viet Dung Nguyen, Xiaoxiang Guan, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-833-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some rivers, the occurrence of extreme flood events is more likely than in other rivers – they have heavy-tailed distributions. We find that threshold processes in the runoff generation lead to such a relatively high occurrence probability of extremes. Further, we find that beyond a certain return period, i.e. for rare events, rainfall is often the dominant control compared to runoff generation. Our results can help to improve the estimation of the occurrence probability of extreme floods.
Claire Kouba and Thomas Harter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 691–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In some watersheds, the severity of the dry season has a large impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we design a way to predict, 5–6 months in advance, how severe the dry season will be in a rural watershed in northern California. This early warning can support seasonal adaptive management. To predict these two values, we assess data about snow, rain, groundwater, and river flows. We find that maximum snowpack and total wet season rainfall best predict dry season severity.
Yi Nan and Fuqiang Tian
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 669–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper utilized a tracer-aided model validated by multiple datasets in a large mountainous basin on the Tibetan Plateau to analyze hydrological sensitivity to climate change. The spatial pattern of the local hydrological sensitivities and the influence factors were analyzed in particular. The main finding of this paper is that the local hydrological sensitivity in mountainous basins is determined by the relationship between the glacier area ratio and the mean annual precipitation.
Michael J. Vlah, Matthew R. V. Ross, Spencer Rhea, and Emily S. Bernhardt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 545–573, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-545-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Virtual stream gauging enables continuous streamflow estimation where a gauge might be difficult or impractical to install. We reconstructed flow at 27 gauges of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), informing ~199 site-months of missing data in the official record and improving that accuracy of official estimates at 11 sites. This study shows that machine learning, but also routine regression methods, can be used to supplement existing gauge networks and reduce monitoring costs.
Sungwook Wi and Scott Steinschneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 479–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-479-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate whether deep learning (DL) models can produce physically plausible streamflow projections under climate change. We address this question by focusing on modeled responses to increases in temperature and potential evapotranspiration and by employing three DL and three process-based hydrological models. The results suggest that physical constraints regarding model architecture and input are necessary to promote the physical realism of DL hydrological projections under climate change.
Guillaume Evin, Matthieu Le Lay, Catherine Fouchier, David Penot, Francois Colleoni, Alexandre Mas, Pierre-André Garambois, and Olivier Laurantin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological modelling of mountainous catchments is challenging for many reasons, the main one being the temporal and spatial representation of precipitation forcings. This study presents an evaluation of the hydrological modelling of 55 small mountainous catchments of the northern French Alps, focusing on the influence of the type of precipitation reanalyses used as inputs. These evaluations emphasize the added value of radar measurements, in particular for the reproduction of flood events.
Maik Renner and Corina Hauffe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-6, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Climate and land-surface conditions influence the availability of fresh water resources. Their impact is quantified with data of 71 catchments in Saxony/Germany, for which distinct signatures in the joint water and energy budgets are found: (i) past forest dieback caused a decrease and subsequent recovery of evapotranspiration in the affected regions, and (ii) the recent shift towards higher aridity imposed a large decline in runoff, that has not been seen in the observation records before.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 139–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How suspended sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas responds to future climate change is hardly assessable as many interacting processes are involved, and appropriate physical models are lacking. We present the first study, to our knowledge, exploring machine learning to project sediment export until 2100 in two high-alpine catchments. We find that uncertainties due to methodological limitations are small until 2070. Negative trends imply that peak sediment may have already passed.
Huy Dang and Yadu Pokhrel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3158, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3158, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By examining basin-wide simulations of the river regime over 83 years with and without dams, we present evidence that climate variation was a key driver of hydrologic variabilities in the Mekong River Basin (MRB) over the long-term; however, dams have largely altered the seasonality of Mekong’s flow regime and annual flooding patterns at major downstream areas in recent years. These findings could help rethink the planning of future dams and water resource management in the MRB.
Salam A. Abbas, Ryan T. Bailey, Jeremy T. White, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Michael J. White, Natalja Čerkasova, and Jungang Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research highlights.
1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds with different unique hydrologic features across the United States.
2. Presented methods for sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation for coupled models.
3. Sensitivity analysis for streamflow and groundwater head conducted using Morris method.
4. Uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation performed using an iterative ensemble smoother within the PEST framework.
Shima Azimi, Christian Massari, Giuseppe Formetta, Silvia Barbetta, Alberto Tazioli, Davide Fronzi, Sara Modanesi, Angelica Tarpanelli, and Riccardo Rigon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4485–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the water budget of nested karst catchments using simple methods and modeling. By utilizing the available data on precipitation and discharge, we were able to determine the response lag-time by adopting new techniques. Additionally, we modeled snow cover dynamics and evapotranspiration with the use of Earth observations, providing a concise overview of the water budget for the basin and its subbasins. We have made the data, models, and workflows accessible for further study.
Yuhang Zhang, Aizhong Ye, Bita Analui, Phu Nguyen, Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, and Yuxuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4529–4550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that while the quantile regression forest (QRF) and countable mixtures of asymmetric Laplacians long short-term memory (CMAL-LSTM) models demonstrate similar proficiency in multipoint probabilistic predictions, QRF excels in smaller watersheds and CMAL-LSTM in larger ones. CMAL-LSTM performs better in single-point deterministic predictions, whereas QRF model is more efficient overall.
Léo C. P. Martin, Sebastian Westermann, Michele Magni, Fanny Brun, Joel Fiddes, Yanbin Lei, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Tamara Mathys, Moritz Langer, Simon Allen, and Walter W. Immerzeel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4409–4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across the Tibetan Plateau, many large lakes have been changing level during the last decades as a response to climate change. In high-mountain environments, water fluxes from the land to the lakes are linked to the ground temperature of the land and to the energy fluxes between the ground and the atmosphere, which are modified by climate change. With a numerical model, we test how these water and energy fluxes have changed over the last decades and how they influence the lake level variations.
Diego Araya, Pablo A. Mendoza, Eduardo Muñoz-Castro, and James McPhee
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4385–4408, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dynamical systems are used by many agencies worldwide to produce seasonal streamflow forecasts, which are critical for decision-making. Such systems rely on hydrology models, which contain parameters that are typically estimated using a target performance metric (i.e., objective function). This study explores the effects of this decision across mountainous basins in Chile, illustrating tradeoffs between seasonal forecast quality and the models' capability to simulate streamflow characteristics.
Alberto Montanari, Bruno Merz, and Günter Blöschl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2420, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2420, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Floods often take communities by surprise, as they are often considered virtually “impossible”, yet are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. We discuss four reasons why extremely large floods carry a risk that is often larger than expected. We provide suggestions for managing the risk of megafloods by calling for a creative exploration of hazard scenarios and communicating the unknown corners of the reality of floods.
Pamela E. Tetford and Joseph R. Desloges
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3977–3998, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An efficient regional flood frequency model relates drainage area to discharge, with a major assumption of similar basin conditions. In a landscape with variable glacial deposits and land use, we characterize varying hydrological function using 28 explanatory variables. We demonstrate that (1) a heterogeneous landscape requires objective model selection criteria to optimize the fit of flow data, and (2) incorporating land use as a predictor variable improves the drainage area to discharge model.
Yalan Song, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Martyn P. Clark, Dapeng Feng, Kathryn E. Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-258, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-258, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Wouldn't it be nice to have both the accuracy of neural networks (NNs) and the interpretability of process-based models (PBMs)? Differentiable modeling gives you the best of both worlds by connecting NNs with PBMs. However, there was previously a major issue that iterative solution schemes would run into memory use trouble. This paper presents an operator called adjoint, which liberates all the iterative solvers. This is the first time adjoint is applied to large-scale hydrologic modeling.
Ana Ramos Oliveira, Tiago Brito Ramos, Lígia Pinto, and Ramiro Neves
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3875–3893, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper intends to demonstrate the adequacy of a hybrid solution to overcome the difficulties related to the incorporation of human behavior when modeling hydrological processes. Two models were implemented, one to estimate the outflow of a reservoir and the other to simulate the hydrological processes of the watershed. With both models feeding each other, results show that the proposed approach significantly improved the streamflow estimation downstream of the reservoir.
Yongshin Lee, Francesca Pianosi, Andres Peñuela, and Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2169, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2169, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Following recent advancements in weather prediction technology, we explored how seasonal weather forecasts (one or more months ahead) could benefit practical water management in South Korea. Our findings highlight that using seasonal weather forecasts for predicting flow patterns 1 to 3 months ahead is effective, especially during dry years. This suggest that seasonal weather forecasts can be helpful in improving the management of water resources.
Zhihua He, Kevin Shook, Christopher Spence, John W. Pomeroy, and Colin Whitfield
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3525–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow over the Canadian Prairies. The entire prairie region was divided into seven basin types. We found strong variations of hydrological sensitivity to precipitation and temperature changes in different land covers and basins, which suggests that different water management and adaptation methods are needed to address enhanced water stress due to expected climate change in different regions of the prairies.
Nicolás Cortés-Salazar, Nicolás Vásquez, Naoki Mizukami, Pablo A. Mendoza, and Ximena Vargas
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3505–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows how important river models can be for water resource applications that involve hydrological models and, in particular, parameter calibration. To this end, we conduct numerical experiments in a pilot basin using a combination of hydrologic model simulations obtained from a large sample of parameter sets and different routing methods. We find that routing can affect streamflow simulations, even at monthly time steps; the choice of parameters; and relevant streamflow metrics.
Dung Trung Vu, Thanh Duc Dang, Francesca Pianosi, and Stefano Galelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of hydrological models over extensive spatial domains is often challenged by the lack of data on river discharge and the operations of hydraulic infrastructures. Here, we use satellite data to address the lack of data that could unintentionally bias the calibration process. Our study is underpinned by a computational framework that quantifies this bias and provides a safe approach to the calibration of models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins.
Francesco Fatone, Bartosz Szeląg, Przemysław Kowal, Arthur McGarity, Adam Kiczko, Grzegorz Wałek, Ewa Wojciechowska, Michał Stachura, and Nicolas Caradot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3329–3349, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel methodology for the development of a stormwater network performance simulator including advanced risk assessment was proposed. The applied tool enables the analysis of the influence of spatial variability in catchment and stormwater network characteristics on the relation between (SWMM) model parameters and specific flood volume, as an alternative approach to mechanistic models. The proposed method can be used at the stage of catchment model development and spatial planning management.
Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Ralf Loritz, Manuel Álvarez Chaves, Nicole Bäuerle, and Uwe Ehret
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1980, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1980, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological hybrid models merge the performance of deep learning methods with the interpretability of process-based models. One hybrid approach is the dynamic parameterization of conceptual models using LSTM networks. We explored this method to evaluate if the flexibility given by LSTM overwrites the interpretability of the process-based part. We showed that if a well-tested model architecture is combined with an LSTM, the latter can learn to operate the process-based model consistently.
Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Brigode, Guillaume Thirel, and Laurent Coron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3293–3327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Teaching hydrological modeling is an important, but difficult, matter. It requires appropriate tools and teaching material. In this article, we present the airGRteaching package, which is an open-source software tool relying on widely used hydrological models. This tool proposes an interface and numerous hydrological modeling exercises representing a wide range of hydrological applications. We show how this tool can be applied to simple but real-life cases.
Florian Willkofer, Raul Roger Wood, and Ralf Ludwig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2019, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Severe flood events pose threat to riverine areas, yet robust estimates about the dynamics of these events in the future due to climate change are rarely available. Hence, this study uses and benefits from data from a RCM SMILE to drive a high-resolution hydrological model for 98 catchments of the Hydrological Bavaria to exploit the large database to derive robust values for the 100-year flood events. Results indicate an increase in frequency and intensity for most catchments in the future.
Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1969, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Due to climate change, flooding is expected to become more frequent globally in the coming decades. Locally, storm-induced channel geometry changes can drastically affect flood hazards, yet rivers are mostly treated as static elements in flood studies. This study tried to gain an understanding of the effects of major storm events on future flood hazards, promoting a framework for incorporating channel conveyance adjustments into flood hazard assessment.
Siyuan Wang, Markus Hrachowitz, Gerrit Schoups, and Christine Stumpp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3083–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that previously reported underestimations of water ages are most likely not due to the use of seasonally variable tracers. Rather, these underestimations can be largely attributed to the choices of model approaches which rely on assumptions not frequently met in catchment hydrology. We therefore strongly advocate avoiding the use of this model type in combination with seasonally variable tracers and instead adopting StorAge Selection (SAS)-based or comparable model formulations.
Louise Akemi Kuana, Arlan Scortegagna Almeida, Emilio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, and Steffen Manfred Noe
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1755, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The authors compared different regionalization methods for river flow prediction in watersheds with few data. We collected data on precipitation, evapotranspiration, river flow, and geographical and climatic factors for 126 catchments in the Paraná state, Brazil. The regionalization method based on physiographic-climatic similarity showed to be the most robust for predicting daily and Q95 reference flow. We also found patterns in data, grouping locations based on similarities.
Arianna Borriero, Rohini Kumar, Tam V. Nguyen, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Stefanie R. Lutz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2989–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the uncertainty of the water transit time distribution (TTD) arising from model input (interpolated tracer data) and structure (StorAge Selection, SAS, functions). We found that uncertainty was mainly associated with temporal interpolation, choice of SAS function, nonspatial interpolation, and low-flow conditions. It is important to characterize the specific uncertainty sources and their combined effects on TTD, as this has relevant implications for both water quantity and quality.
Yves Tramblay, Patrick Arnaud, Guillaume Artigue, Michel Lang, Emmanuel Paquet, Luc Neppel, and Eric Sauquet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2973–2987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean floods are causing major damage, and recent studies have shown that, despite the increase in intense rainfall, there has been no increase in river floods. This study reveals that the seasonality of floods changed in the Mediterranean Basin during 1959–2021. There was also an increased frequency of floods linked to short episodes of intense rain, associated with a decrease in soil moisture. These changes need to be taken into consideration to adapt flood warning systems.
Yanfeng Wu, Jingxuan Sun, Boting Hu, Y. Jun Xu, Alain N. Rousseau, and Guangxin Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2725–2745, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoirs and wetlands are important regulators of watershed hydrology, which should be considered when projecting floods and droughts. We first coupled wetlands and reservoir operations into a semi-spatially-explicit hydrological model and then applied it in a case study involving a large river basin in northeast China. We found that, overall, the risk of future floods and droughts will increase further even under the combined influence of reservoirs and wetlands.
Peishi Jiang, Pin Shuai, Alexander Sun, Maruti K. Mudunuru, and Xingyuan Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2621–2644, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel deep learning approach to estimate the parameters of a computationally expensive hydrological model on only a few hundred realizations. Our approach leverages the knowledge obtained by data-driven analysis to guide the design of the deep learning model used for parameter estimation. We demonstrate this approach by calibrating a state-of-the-art hydrological model against streamflow and evapotranspiration observations at a snow-dominated watershed in Colorado.
Guillaume Cinkus, Naomi Mazzilli, Hervé Jourde, Andreas Wunsch, Tanja Liesch, Nataša Ravbar, Zhao Chen, and Nico Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2397–2411, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2397-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2397-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) is a performance criterion extensively used to evaluate hydrological models. We conduct a critical study on the KGE and its variant to examine counterbalancing errors. Results show that, when assessing a simulation, concurrent over- and underestimation of discharge can lead to an overall higher criterion score without an associated increase in model relevance. We suggest that one carefully choose performance criteria and use scaling factors.
Dapeng Feng, Hylke Beck, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2357–2373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2357-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Powerful hybrid models (called δ or delta models) embrace the fundamental learning capability of AI and can also explain the physical processes. Here we test their performance when applied to regions not in the training data. δ models rivaled the accuracy of state-of-the-art AI models under the data-dense scenario and even surpassed them for the data-sparse one. They generalize well due to the physical structure included. δ models could be ideal candidates for global hydrologic assessment.
Cited articles
Andermann, C., Longuevergne, L., Bonnet, S., Crave, A., Davy, P., and Gloaguen,
R.: Impact of transient groundwater storage on the discharge of Himalayan
rivers, Nat. Geosci., 5, 127–132, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1356, 2012. a, b, c
Andrews, E. D.: Measurement and computation of bed-material discharge in a
shallow sand-bed stream, Muddy Creek, Wyoming, Water Resour. Res., 17,
131–141, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00131, 1981. a
Bao, C., Li, L., Shi, Y., and Duffy, C.: Understanding watershed
hydrogeochemistry: 1. Development of RT-Flux-PIHM, Water Resour. Res.,
53, 2328–2345, 2017. a
Baraer, M., McKenzie, J. M., Mark, B. G., Bury, J., and Knox, S.:
Characterizing contributions of glacier melt and groundwater during the dry
season in a poorly gauged catchment of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru),
Adv. Geosci., 22, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-22-41-2009, 2009. a, b, c, d, e, f
Baraer, M., Mark, B. G., McKenzie, J. M., Condom, T., Bury, J., Huh, K.-I.,
Portocarrero, C., Gómez, J., and Rathay, S.: Glacier recession and
water resources in Peru's Cordillera Blanca, J. Glaciol., 58,
134–150, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J186, 2012. a, b
Baraer, M., McKenzie, J., Mark, B. G., Gordon, R., Bury, J., Condom, T., Gomez,
J., Knox, S., and Fortner, S. K.: Contribution of groundwater to the outflow
from ungauged glacierized catchments: a multi-site study in the tropical
Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Hydrol. Proc., 29, 2561–2581,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10386, 2015. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
Barba, D., Samaniego, P., Eissen, J.-P., Robin, C., Fornari, M., Cotten, J.,
and Beate, B.: Geology and structure of the late Pleistocene to Holocene
Chimborazo stratovolcano (Ecuador), 6th International Symposium on Andean
Geodynamics (ISAG 2005), 12–14 September 2005, Barcelona, Spain, 90–93, 2005. a
Barnett, T. P., Adam, J. C., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Potential impacts of a
warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Nature,
438, 303–309, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04141, 2005. a
Bhatt, G., Kumar, M., and Duffy, C. J.: A tightly coupled GIS and distributed
hydrologic modeling framework, Environ. Modell. Softw., 62,
70–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.003, 2014. a, b
Bradley, R. S.: CLIMATE CHANGE: Threats to Water Supplies in the Tropical
Andes, Science, 312, 1755–1756, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128087, 2006. a, b
Bradley, R. S., Vuille, M., Hardy, D., and Thompson, L. G.: Low latitude ice
cores record Pacific sea surface temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
30, 2–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016546, 2003. a
Braun, L. N., Weber, M., and Schulz, M.: Consequences of climate change for
runoff from Alpine regions, Ann. Glaciol., 31, 19–25,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756400781820165, 2000. a
Bury, J., Mark, B. G., Carey, M., Young, K. R., McKenzie, J. M., Baraer, M.,
French, A., and Polk, M. H.: New Geographies of Water and Climate Change in
Peru: Coupled Natural and Social Transformations in the Santa River
Watershed, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 103, 363–374,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754665, 2013. a
Bury, J. T., Mark, B. G., McKenzie, J. M., French, A., Baraer, M., Huh, K. I.,
Zapata Luyo, M. A., and Gómez López, R. J.: Glacier recession
and human vulnerability in the Yanamarey watershed of the Cordillera Blanca,
Peru, Clim. Change, 105, 179–206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9870-1, 2011. a
Buytaert, W. and Beven, K.: Models as multiple working hypotheses:
hydrological simulation of tropical alpine wetlands, Hydrol. Proc.,
25, 1784–1799, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7936, 2011. a, b, c
Buytaert, W., Célleri, R., De Bièvre, B., Cisneros, F., Wyseure,
G., Deckers, J., and Hofstede, R.: Human impact on the hydrology of the
Andean páramos, Earth-Sci. Rev., 79, 53–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.002, 2006. a, b, c, d
Caceres, B., Francou, B., Favier, V., Bontron, G., Tachker, P., Bucher, R., Taupin, J.-D.,
Vuille, M., Maisincho, L., and Delachaux, F: Glacier 15, Antisana, Ecuador: its glaciology
and relations to water resources, in: Climate Variability and Change – Hydrological Impacts,
308, IAHS, edited by: Siegfried Demuth, Alan Gustard, Eduardo Planos,
Fred Scatena & Eric Servat., IAHS Publication, 479–482, 2006. a
Carey, M., Molden, O. C., Rasmussen, M. B., Jackson, M., Nolin, A. W., and
Mark, B. G.: Impacts of Glacier Recession and Declining Meltwater on
Mountain Societies, Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr., 107,
350–359, https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1243039, 2017. a, b
Cauvy-Fraunié, S., Condom, T., Rabatel, A., Villacis, M., Jacobsen, D., and Dangles,
O.: Technical Note: Glacial influence in tropical mountain hydrosystems evidenced by
the diurnal cycle in water levels, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4803–4816,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4803-2013, 2013. a
Chen, J., Knight, R., and Zebker, H. A.: The Temporal and Spatial Variability
of the Confined Aquifer Head and Storage Properties in the San Luis Valley,
Colorado Inferred From Multiple InSAR Missions, Water Resour. Res.,
53, 9708–9720, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020881, 2017. a
Clapperton, C. M.: Glacial and volcanic geomorphology of the
Chimborazo-Carihuairazo Massif, Ecuadorian Andes, T. Roy. Soc. London, 81, 91–116,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300005174, 1990. a, b
Clow, D., Schrott, L., Webb, R., Campbell, D., Torizzo, A., and Dornblaser, M.:
Ground Water Occurrence and Contributions to Streamflow in an Alpine
Catchment, Colorado Front Range, Ground Water, 41, 937–950,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02436.x, 2003. a, b, c
Crossman, J., Bradley, C., Boomer, I., and Milner, A. M.: Water Flow Dynamics
of Groundwater-Fed Streams and Their Ecological Significance in a Glacierized
Catchment, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 43, 364–379,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.364, 2011. a
Duffy, C., Shi, Y., Davis, K., Slingerland, R., Li, L., Sullivan, P. L.,
Goddéris, Y., and Brantley, S. L.: Designing a Suite of Models to
Explore Critical Zone Function, Proced. Earth Plan. Sci., 10,
7–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.003, 2014. a
Ek, M. B., Mitchell, K. E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V.,
Gayno, G., and Tarpley, J. D.: Implementation of Noah land surface model
advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational
mesoscale Eta model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 108,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003296, 2003. a
Engel, M., Penna, D., Bertoldi, G., Dell'Agnese, A., Soulsby, C., and Comiti,
F.: Identifying run-off contributions during melt-induced run-off events in
a glacierized alpine catchment, Hydrol. Proc., 30, 343–364,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10577, 2016. a
Escher-Vetter, H., Reinwarth, O., and Rentsch, H.: Two decades of runoff
measurements (1974 to 1993) at the pegelstation Vernagtbach/Oetztal alps,
Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 30, 99–107, 1994. a
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S.,
Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., and Roth, L.: The shuttle radar
topography mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, 8755–1209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183, 2007. a
Favier, V.: Glaciers of the outer and inner tropics: A different behaviour but
a common response to climatic forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31,
L16403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020654, 2004. a, b, c
Favier, V., Coudrain, A., Cadier, E., Francou, B., Ayabaca, E., Maisincho, L.,
Praderio, E., Villacis, M., and Wagnon, P.: Evidence of groundwater flow on
Antizana ice-covered volcano, Ecuador/Mise en évidence
d'écoulements souterrains sur le volcan englacé Antizana,
Equateur, Hydrol. Sci. J., 53, 278–291,
https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.53.1.278, 2008. a, b, c, d
Fountain, A. G. and Tangborn, W. V.: The Effect of Glaciers on Streamflow
Variations, Water Resour. Res., 21, 579–586,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i004p00579, 1985. a
Francou, B.: Tropical climate change recorded by a glacier in the central
Andes during the last decades of the twentieth century: Chacaltaya, Bolivia,
16S, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4154, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002959,
2003. a
Francou, B.: New evidence for an ENSO impact on low-latitude glaciers:
Antizana 15, Andes of Ecuador, J. Geophys. Res., 109,
D18106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004484, 2004. a, b
Frenierre, J. L. and Mark, B. G.: A review of methods for estimating the
contribution of glacial meltwater to total watershed discharge, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 38, 173–200, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133313516161, 2014. a
Frisbee, M. D., Phillips, F. M., Campbell, A. R., Liu, F., and Sanchez, S. A.:
Streamflow generation in a large, alpine watershed in the southern Rocky
Mountains of Colorado: Is streamflow generation simply the aggregation of
hillslope runoff responses?, Water Resour. Res., 47, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009391, 2011. a
Gabbi, J., Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., Bauder, A., and Funk, M.: A
comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for
long-term simulations of glacier response, J. Glaciol., 60,
1140–1154, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J011, 2014. a
Gordon, R. P., Lautz, L. K., McKenzie, J. M., Mark, B. G., Chavez, D., and
Baraer, M.: Sources and pathways of stream generation in tropical proglacial
valleys of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, J. Hydrol., 522, 628–644,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.013, 2015. a, b
Harden, D. R.: California geology, Prentice Hall, 2004. a
Harpold, A. A. and Brooks, P. D.: Humidity determines snowpack ablation under
a warming climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115,
1215–1220, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716789115, 2018. a, b
Harrington, J. S., Mozil, A., Hayashi, M., and Bentley, L. R.: Groundwater
flow and storage processes in an inactive rock glacier, Hydrol. Proc.,
32, 3070–3088, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13248, 2018. a, b, c, d
He, Z., Vorogushyn, S., Unger-Shayesteh, K., Gafurov, A., Kalashnikova, O.,
Omorova, E., and Merz, B.: The value of hydrograph partitioning curves for
calibrating hydrological models in glacierized basins, Water Resour. Res., 54, 1–52, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021966,
2018. a
Hock, R.: A distributed temperature-index ice- and snowrnelt model including
potential direct solar radiation, J. Glaciol., 45, 101–111, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000003087, 1999. a
Hood, J. L., Roy, J. W., and Hayashi, M.: Importance of groundwater in the
water balance of an alpine headwater lake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L13405, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026611, 2006. a
Hooper, R. P.: Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry,
Water Resour. Res., 39, 1055, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001528, 2003. a
Hooper, R. P. and Shoemaker, C. A.: A Comparison of Chemical and Isotopic
Hydrograph Separation, Water Resour. Res., 22, 1444–1454,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i010p01444, 1986. a
Huss, M., Bauder, A., Funk, M., and Hock, R.: Determination of the seasonal
mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since 1865, J. Geophys. Res., 113, F01015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000803, 2008. a
Huss, M., Funk, M., and Ohmura, A.: Strong Alpine glacier melt in the 1940s
due to enhanced solar radiation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23501,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040789, 2009. a, b
Huth, A. K., Leydecker, A., Sickman, J. O., and Bales, R. C.: A two-component
hydrograph separation for three high-elevation catchments in the Sierra
Nevada, California, Hydrol. Proc., 18, 1721–1733,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1414, 2004. a
Immerzeel, W. W., van Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens, M. F. P.: Climate Change
Will Affect the Asian Water Towers, Science, 328, 1382–1385,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188, 2010. a
INEC: Cencos de Poblacion y Vivienda 2010, Quito, Ecuador, 2010. a
James, A. L. and Roulet, N. T.: Investigating the applicability of
end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) across scale: A study of eight small,
nested catchments in a temperate forested watershed, Water Resour. Res.,
42, W08434, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004419, 2006. a
Jansson, P., Hock, R., and Schneider, T.: The concept of glacier storage: a
review, J. Hydrol., 282, 116–129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00258-0, 2003. a
Jordan, E., González, J., Castillo, K., Torres, J., Ungerechts, L.,
Vélez, F., Blanco, D., and Cruz, M.: Ortofotomapa del Chimborazo y su
valor como diagnóstico para cambios climaticos en relacion con otros
glaciares tropicales [Orthophotomap of Chimborazo and its value as a
diagnosis for climatic changes in relation to other tropical glaciers],
Glaciares, Nieves y Hielos de America Latina: Cambio Climatico y Amenazas, 239–260, 2010. a
Juen, I., Kaser, G., and Georges, C.: Modelling observed and future runoff
from a glacierized tropical catchment (Cordillera Blanca, Perú),
Glob. Planet. Change, 59, 37–48,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.11.038, 2007. a, b
Kaser, G.: A review of the modern fluctuations of tropical glaciers, Glob. Planet. Change, 22,
93–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(99)00028-4, 1999. a
Kendall, C., Doctor, D., Drever, J., Holland, H., and Turekian, K.: Stable
isotope applications in hydrological studies, Treatise on geochemistry, 5, p. 605, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/05081-7,
2003. a
La Frenierre, J.: Rapid downward deflation of a tropical-debris covered
glacier: an analysis from Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador, in: AGU Fall
Meeting Abstracts, 2016. a
La Frenierre, J. D.: Assessing the Hydrologic Implications of Glacier
Recession and the Potential for Water Resources Vulnerability at Volcán
Chimborazo, Ecuador, PhD diss., The Ohio State University, Prog. Phys. Geog., 255,
2014. a
Lang, H.: Forecasting Meltwater Runoff from Snow-Covered Areas and from
Glacier Basins, in: River flow modelling and forecasting, edited by:
Kraijenhoff, D. A. and Moll, J. R., Springer Netherlands,
Dordrecht, 99–127, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4536-4_5, 1986. a, b
Li, L., Bao, C., Sullivan, P. L., Brantley, S., Shi, Y., and Duffy, C.:
Understanding watershed hydrogeochemistry: 2. Synchronized hydrological and
geochemical processes drive stream chemostatic behavior, Water Resour. Res., 53, 2346–2367, 2017. a
Liu, F., Williams, M. W., and Caine, N.: Source waters and flow paths in an
alpine catchment, Colorado Front Range, United States, Water Resour. Res., 40, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003076, 2004. a, b
Loheide, S. P., Deitchman, R. S., Cooper, D. J., Wolf, E. C., Hammersmark,
C. T., and Lundquist, J. D.: A framework for understanding the hydroecology
of impacted wet meadows in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges, California,
USA, Hydrogeol. J., 17, 229–246, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0380-4,
2009. a
Lowry, C. S., Deems, J. S., Loheide II, S. P., and Lundquist, J. D.: Linking
snowmelt-derived fluxes and groundwater flow in a high elevation meadow
system, Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, Hydrol. Proc., 24,
2821–2833, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7714, 2010. a, b, c
Lowry, C. S., Loheide, S. P., Moore, C. E., and Lundquist, J. D.: Groundwater
controls on vegetation composition and patterning in mountain meadows,
Water Resour. Res., 47, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010086, 2011. a
Luce, C. H.: Effects of Climate Change on Snowpack, Glaciers, and Water
Resources in the Northern Rockies, in: Climate Change and Rocky Mountain
Ecosystems, edited by: Halofsky, J. E. and Peterson, D. L., Springer International Publishing, Cham., 25–36,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56928-4_3, 2018. a
Mackay, A.: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J. Environ. Qual.,
37, 2407, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0015br, 2008. a
Manciati, C., Villacís, M., Taupin, J.-D., Cadier, E.,
Galárraga-Sánchez, R., and Cáceres, B.: Empirical mass
balance modelling of South American tropical glaciers: case study of Antisana
volcano, Ecuador, Hydrol. Sci. J., 59, 1519–1535,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.888490, 2014. a
Mark, B. G.: Tracing tropical Andean glaciers over space and time: Some
lessons and transdisciplinary implications, Glob. Planet. Change, 60,
101–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.032, 2008. a
Mark, B. G. and Mckenzie, J. M.: Tracing Increasing Tropical Andean Glacier
Melt with Stable Isotopes in Water, Environ. Sci. Tech.,
41, 6955–6960, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071099d, 2007. a, b, c, d
Mark, B. G., McKenzie, J. M., and Gómez, J.: Hydrochemical evaluation of
changing glacier meltwater contribution to stream discharge: Callejon de
Huaylas, Peru / Evaluation hydrochimique de la contribution évolutive
de la fonte glaciaire à l'écoulement fluvial: Callejon de
Huaylas, Pérou, Hydrol. Sci. J., 50, 975–988,
https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.2005.50.6.975, 2005. a
Markovich, K. H., Maxwell, R. M., and Fogg, G. E.: Hydrogeological response to
climate change in alpine hillslopes, Hydrol. Proc., 30, 3126–3138,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10851, 2016. a, b, c
Maussion, F., Gurgiser, W., Großhauser, M., Kaser, G., and Marzeion, B.: ENSO
influence on surface energy and mass balance at Shallap Glacier, Cordillera Blanca,
Peru, The Cryosphere, 9, 1663–1683, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1663-2015, 2015. a
Messerli, B., Viviroli, D., and Weingartner, R.: Mountains of the World:
Vulnerable Water Towers for the 21st Century, AMBIO Special Report, 13,
29–34, https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-110516, 2004. a
Ng, G.-H. C., Wickert, A. D., Somers, L. D., Saberi, L., Cronkite-Ratcliff, C.,
Niswonger, R. G., and McKenzie, J. M.: GSFLOW-GRASS v1.0.0: GIS-enabled hydrologic
modeling of coupled groundwater-surface-water systems, Geosci. Model Dev., 11,
4755–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4755-2018, 2018. a
NRCS, U.: Part 630 Hydrology National Engineering Handbook, USDA-NRCS (United States Department
of Agriculture- Natural Resources Conservation Service), 2009. a
Omani, N., Srinivasan, R., Smith, P. K., and Karthikeyan, R.: Glacier mass
balance simulation using SWAT distributed snow algorithm, Hydrol. Sci. J., 62, 546–560, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1162907, 2017. a, b
Ostheimer, G. J., Hadjivasiliou, H., Kloer, D. P., Barkan, A., and Matthews,
B. W.: Structural Analysis of the Group II Intron Splicing Factor CRS2
Yields Insights into its Protein and RNA Interaction Surfaces, J. Molec. Biol., 345, 51–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.032, 2005. a
Pellicciotti, F., Brock, B., Strasser, U., Burlando, P., Funk, M., and
Corripio, J.: An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the
shortwave radiation balance: development and testing for Haut Glacier
d'Arolla, Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 51, 573–587, 2005. a
Pepin, N., Bradley, R. S., Diaz, H. F., Baraer, M., Caceres, E. B., Forsythe,
N., Fowler, H., Greenwood, G., Hashmi, M. Z., Liu, X. D., Miller, J. R.,
Ning, L., Ohmura, A., Palazzi, E., Rangwala, I., Schöner, W.,
Severskiy, I., Shahgedanova, M., Wang, M. B., Williamson, S. N., and Yang,
D. Q.: Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 424–430, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2563, 2015. a
Podwojewski, P., Poulenard, J., Zambrana, T., and Hofstede, R.: Overgrazing
effects on vegetation cover and properties of volcanic ash soil in the
pàramo of Llangahua and al Esperanza (Tungurahua, Ecuador),
Management, 18, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.1079/SUM2001100, 2002. a, b, c, d
Pohl, E., Knoche, M., Gloaguen, R., Andermann, C., and Krause, P.: Sensitivity analysis and
implications for surface processes from a hydrological modelling approach in the Gunt
catchment, high Pamir Mountains, Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 333–362,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-333-2015, 2015. a, b
Polk, M. H., Young, K. R., Baraer, M., Mark, B. G., McKenzie, J. M., Bury, J.,
and Carey, M.: Exploring hydrologic connections between tropical mountain
wetlands and glacier recession in Peru's Cordillera Blanca, Appl. Geogr., 78, 94–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.11.004, 2017. a
Pribulick, C. E., Foster, L. M., Bearup, L. A., Navarre-Sitchler, A. K.,
Williams, K. H., Carroll, R. W., and Maxwell, R. M.: Contrasting the
hydrologic response due to land cover and climate change in a mountain
headwaters system, Ecohydrology, 9, 1431–1438, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1779,
2016. a
Qu, Y. and Duffy, C. J.: A semidiscrete finite volume formulation for
multiprocess watershed simulation, Water Resour. Res., 43, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005752, 2007. a
Rabatel, A., Francou, B., Soruco, A., Gomez, J., Cáceres, B., Ceballos, J. L.,
Basantes, R., Vuille, M., Sicart, J.-E., Huggel, C., Scheel, M., Lejeune, Y.,
Arnaud, Y., Collet, M., Condom, T., Consoli, G., Favier, V., Jomelli, V.,
Galarraga, R., Ginot, P., Maisincho, L., Mendoza, J., Ménégoz, M., Ramirez, E.,
Ribstein, P., Suarez, W., Villacis, M., and Wagnon, P.: Current state of glaciers
in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate
change, The Cryosphere, 7, 81–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013. a
Reveillet, M., Vincent, C., Six, D., and Rabatel, A.: Which empirical model is
best suited to simulate glacier mass balances?, J. Glaciol., 63,
39–54, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.110, 2017. a
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U. E. A., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K.,
Meng, C. J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., and Bosilovich, M.:
The global land data assimilation system, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85, 381–394, 2004. a
Ryu, J.-S., Lee, K.-S., and Chang, H.-W.: Hydrochemistry and isotope
geochemistry of Song Stream, a headwater tributary of the South Han River,
South Korea, Geosci. J., 11, 157–164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02913929,
2007. a
Samaniego, P., Barba, D., Robin, C., Fornari, M., and Bernard, B.: Eruptive
history of Chimborazo volcano (Ecuador): A large, ice-capped and hazardous
compound volcano in the Northern Andes, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 221–222, 33–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.01.014,
2012. a
Sarmiento, L.: Water Balance and Soil Loss under Long Fallow Agriculture in
the Venezuelan Andes, Mt. Res. Dev., 20, 246–253, 2000. a
Schmieder, J., Garvelmann, J., Marke, T., and Strasser, U.: Spatio-temporal
tracer variability in the glacier melt end-member – How does it affect
hydrograph separation results?, Hydrol. Proc., 32, 1828–1843, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11628, 2018. a
Shi, Y., Davis, K. J., Duffy, C. J., and Yu, X.: Development of a Coupled Land
Surface Hydrologic Model and Evaluation at a Critical Zone Observatory,
J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 1401–1420, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-0145.1,
2013. a, b, c
Sicart, J. E., Hock, R., and Six, D.: Glacier melt, air temperature, and
energy balance in different climates: The Bolivian Tropics, the French Alps,
and northern Sweden, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24113,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010406, 2008. a
Smith, J. A., Mark, B. G., and Rodbell, D. T.: The timing and magnitude of
mountain glaciation in the tropical Andes, J. Quat. Sci.,
23, 609–634, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1224, 2008. a, b
Somers, L. D., Gordon, R. P., McKenzie, J. M., Lautz, L. K., Wigmore, O.,
Glose, A. M., Glas, R., Aubry-Wake, C., Mark, B., Baraer, M., and Condom, T.:
Quantifying groundwater-surface water interactions in a proglacial valley,
Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Hydrol. Proc., 30, 2915–2929,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10912, 2016. a, b
Soruco, A., Vincent, C., Rabatel, A., Francou, B., Thibert, E., Sicart, J. E.,
and Condom, T.: Contribution of glacier runoff to water resources of La Paz
city, Bolivia (16 ∘S), Ann. Glaciol., 56, 147–154,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2015AoG70A001, 2015. a, b
Soulsby, C., Petry, J., Brewer, M., Dunn, S., Ott, B., and Malcolm, I.:
Identifying and assessing uncertainty in hydrological pathways: a novel
approach to end member mixing in a Scottish agricultural catchment,
J. Hydrol., 274, 109–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00398-0, 2003. a
Suecker, J. K., Ryan, J. N., Kendall, C., and Jarrett, R. D.: Determination of
hydrologic pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky
Mountain National Park, Colorado, Water Resour. Res., 36, 63–75,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900296, 2000. a
Tague, C. and Grant, G. E.: Groundwater dynamics mediate low-flow response to
global warming in snow-dominated alpine regions, Water Resour. Res.,
45, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007179, 2009. a, b, c, d
Tague, C., Grant, G., Farrell, M., Choate, J., and Jefferson, A.: Deep
groundwater mediates streamflow response to climate warming in the Oregon
Cascades, Clim. Change, 86, 189–210, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9294-8,
2008. a, b, c
Veettil, B. K., Leandro Bayer Maier, E., Bremer, U. F., and de Souza, S. F.:
Combined influence of PDO and ENSO on northern Andean glaciers: a case study
on the Cotopaxi ice-covered volcano, Ecuador, Clim. Dynam., 43,
3439–3448, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2114-8, 2014a. a
Veettil, B. K., Maier, E. L. B., Bremer, U. F., and de Souza, S. F.: Combined
influence of PDO and ENSO on northern Andean glaciers: a case study on the
Cotopaxi ice-covered volcano, Ecuador, Clim. Dynam., 43, 3439–3448,
2014b. a
Veettil, B. K., Bremer, U. F., de Souza, S. F., Maier, E. L. B., and Simões,
J. C.: Influence of ENSO and PDO on mountain glaciers in the outer tropics:
case studies in Bolivia, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 125, 757–768,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1545-4, 2016. a
Vermote, E.: MOD09A1 MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500 m SIN
Grid V006, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, 2015. a
Vuille, M. and Bradley, R. S.: The tropical Andes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3885–3888, 2000. a
Vuille, M. and Keimig, F.: Interannual Variability of Summertime Convective
Cloudiness and Precipitation in the Central Andes Derived from ISCCP-B3
Data, J. Climate, 17, 3334–3348,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3334:IVOSCC>2.0.CO;2, 2004. a, b
Vuille, M., Bradley, R. S., Werner, M., and Keimig, F.: 20th Century Climate
Change in the Tropical Andes: Observations and Model Results, in: Climate
variability and change in high elevation regions: Past, Present & Future, Springer, 59, 75–99, 2003. a
Vuille, M., Francou, B., Wagnon, P., Juen, I., Kaser, G., Mark, B. G., and
Bradley, R. S.: Climate change and tropical Andean glaciers: Past, present
and future, Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 79–96,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.04.002, 2008. a
Vuille, M., Carey, M., Huggel, C., Buytaert, W., Rabatel, A., Jacobsen, D.,
Soruco, A., Villacis, M., Yarleque, C., Elison Timm, O., Condom, T.,
Salzmann, N., and Sicart, J.-E.: Rapid decline of snow and ice in the
tropical Andes – Impacts, uncertainties and challenges ahead,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 176, 195–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.019,
2018. a
Wang, X., Sun, L., Zhang, Y., and Luo, Y.: Rationalization of Altitudinal
Precipitation Profiles in a Data-Scarce Glacierized Watershed Simulation in
the Karakoram, Water, 8, 186, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050186, 2016. a
Wickert, A. D.: The ALog: Inexpensive, Open-Source, Automated Data
Collection in the Field, The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,
95, 166–176, 2014. a
Wickert, A. D., Sandell, C. T., Schulz, B., and Ng, G.-H. C.: Open-source Arduino-derived data
loggers designed for field research, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-591, in review, 2018. a
Wilson, A. M., Williams, M. W., Kayastha, R. B., and Racoviteanu, A.: Use of a
hydrologic mixing model to examine the roles of meltwater, precipitation and
groundwater in the Langtang River basin, Nepal, Ann. Glaciol., 57,
155–168, https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A067, 2016. a
Wosten, J. H. M., Lilly, A., Nemes, A., and Le Bas, C.: Development and use of
a database of hydraulic properties of European soils, Geoderma, 90,
169–185, 1999. a
Zhang, Y., Slingerland, R., and Duffy, C.: Fully-coupled hydrologic processes
for modeling landscape evolution, Environ. Modell. Softw., 82,
89–107, 2016. a
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(4401 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(5577 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
The relationship among glacier melt, groundwater, and streamflow remains highly uncertain, especially in tropical glacierized watersheds in response to climate. We implemented a multi-method approach and found that melt contribution varies considerably and may drive streamflow variability at hourly to multi-year timescales, rather than buffer it, as commonly thought. Some of the melt contribution occurs through groundwater pathways, resulting in longer timescale interactions with streamflow.
The relationship among glacier melt, groundwater, and streamflow remains highly uncertain,...
