Articles | Volume 22, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5001-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5001-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale
Dan Yu
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
Collaborative Innovation Center for Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights, Wuhan, 430072, China
College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security, Wuhan, 430070, China
Xiaonong Hu
Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
Ji Liu
College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security, Wuhan, 430070, China
Yinghai Li
College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security, Wuhan, 430070, China
Tao Peng
College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security, Wuhan, 430070, China
Haibo Ma
College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security, Wuhan, 430070, China
Kai Wang
Hydrologic Bureau of Huaihe River Commission, Bengbu, 233001, China
Shijin Xu
Hydrologic Bureau of Huaihe River Commission, Bengbu, 233001, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Chuan-An Xia, Xiaodong Luo, Bill X. Hu, Monica Riva, and Alberto Guadagnini
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1689–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that (i) monitoring wells installed with packers provide the (overall) best conductivity estimates; (ii) conductivity estimates anchored on information from partially and fully screened wells are of similar quality; (iii) inflation of the measurement-error covariance matrix can improve conductivity estimates when a simplified flow model is adopted; and (iv) when compared to the MC-based EnKF, the MEs-based EnKF can efficiently and accurately estimate conductivity and head fields.
Haifan Liu, Heng Dai, Jie Niu, Bill X. Hu, Dongwei Gui, Han Qiu, Ming Ye, Xingyuan Chen, Chuanhao Wu, Jin Zhang, and William Riley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4971–4996, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4971-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4971-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
It is still challenging to apply the quantitative and comprehensive global sensitivity analysis method to complex large-scale process-based hydrological models because of variant uncertainty sources and high computational cost. This work developed a new tool and demonstrate its implementation to a pilot example for comprehensive global sensitivity analysis of large-scale hydrological modelling. This method is mathematically rigorous and can be applied to other large-scale hydrological models.
Hui-Min Wang, Jie Chen, Chong-Yu Xu, Hua Chen, Shenglian Guo, Ping Xie, and Xiangquan Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4033–4050, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
When using large ensembles of global climate models in hydrological impact studies, there are pragmatic questions on whether it is necessary to weight climate models and how to weight them. We use eight methods to weight climate models straightforwardly, based on their performances in hydrological simulations, and investigate the influences of the assigned weights. This study concludes that using bias correction and equal weighting is likely viable and sufficient for hydrological impact studies.
Haifan Liu, Heng Dai, Jie Niu, Bill X. Hu, Han Qiu, Dongwei Gui, Ming Ye, Xingyuan Chen, Chuanhao Wu, Jin Zhang, and William Riley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-246, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-246, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Guoping Lu and Bill X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-624, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-624, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
It has been postulated that deep faults are well channeled and networked in the crust. The Xinzhou geothermal field presents a deep fault zone with dome-shaped surface of equilibrium hydraulic heads. Thermal fluid flows are strongly regulated by gravity, buoyancy and viscosity as well. This paper showed that the deep fault is as permeable as clean sands and lower end of gravels. Fluid-flowing faults implicate propagation of pressure/porosity waves and lower limit of groundwater circulations.
Peng-Fei Han, Xu-Sheng Wang, Xiaomei Jin, and Bill X. Hu
Proc. IAHS, 379, 433–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-433-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-433-2018, 2018
Chuanhao Wu, Bill X. Hu, Guoru Huang, Peng Wang, and Kai Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1971–1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1971-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1971-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
China has suffered some of the effects of global warming, and one of the potential implications of climate warming is the alteration of the temporal–spatial patterns of water resources. In this paper, the Budyko-based elasticity method was used to investigate the responses of runoff to historical and future climate variability over China at both grid and catchment scales. The results help to better understand the hydrological effects of climate change and adapt to a changing environment.
Ming Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Jichun Wu, and Bill X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1001–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1001-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1001-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Fractal models of regular triangle arrangement (RTA) and square pitch arrangement (SPA) are developed in this study. Results suggest RTA can cause more groundwater contamination and make remediation more difficult. In contrast, the cleanup of contaminants in aquifers with SPA is easier. This study demonstrates how microscale arrangements control contaminant migration and remediation, which is helpful in designing successful remediation schemes for subsurface contamination.
Yan-Fang Sang, Fubao Sun, Vijay P. Singh, Ping Xie, and Jian Sun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 757–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-757-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-757-2018, 2018
Zexuan Xu, Bill X. Hu, and Ming Ye
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 221–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-221-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-221-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study helps hydrologists better understand the parameters in modeling seawater intrusion in a coastal karst aquifer. Local and global sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate a density-dependent numerical model of seawater intrusion. The sensitivity analysis indicates that karst features are critical for seawater intrusion modeling, and the evaluation of hydraulic conductivity is biased in continuum SEAWAT model. Dispervisity is no longer important in the advection-dominated aquifer.
Xiujie Wu, Xu-Sheng Wang, Yang Wang, and Bill X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4419–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4419-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4419-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
It is critical to identify the origins of water in arid and semiarid regions for management and protection of the water resources. The D, 18O, 3H and 14C in water samples from the Badain Jaran Desert, China, were analyzed. The results show that groundwater supplies the lakes and originates from local precipitation and adjacent mountains. Negative d-excess values of water in the area were the result of evaporation. The 14C ages do not represent the residence time of local groundwater.
Chuanhao Wu, Pat J.-F. Yeh, Kai Xu, Bill X. Hu, Guoru Huang, and Peng Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-441, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
W. Tian, X. Li, G.-D. Cheng, X.-S. Wang, and B. X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4707–4723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4707-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4707-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Projecting sediment export from two highly glacierized alpine catchments under climate change: exploring non-parametric regression as an analysis tool
A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+
On understanding mountainous carbonate basins of the Mediterranean using parsimonious modeling solutions
Comparing quantile regression forest and mixture density long short-term memory models for probabilistic post-processing of satellite precipitation-driven streamflow simulations
Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes
Towards robust seasonal streamflow forecasts in mountainous catchments: impact of calibration metric selection in hydrological modeling
Modelling flood frequency and magnitude in a glacially conditioned, heterogeneous landscape: testing the importance of land cover and land use
Direct integration of reservoirs' operations in a hydrological model for streamflow estimation: coupling a CLSTM model with MOHID-Land
Modelling the regional sensitivity of snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow generation to climate over the Canadian Prairies using a basin classification approach
To what extent does river routing matter in hydrological modeling?
Calibrating macroscale hydrological models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins
An advanced tool integrating failure and sensitivity analysis into novel modeling of the stormwater flood volume
airGRteaching: an open-source tool for teaching hydrological modeling with R
Stable water isotopes and tritium tracers tell the same tale: no evidence for underestimation of catchment transit times inferred by stable isotopes in StorAge Selection (SAS)-function models
Uncertainty in water transit time estimation with StorAge Selection functions and tracer data interpolation
Changes in Mediterranean flood processes and seasonality
On the need for physical constraints in deep learning rainfall-runoff projections under climate change
Can the combining of wetlands with reservoir operation reduce the risk of future floods and droughts?
Knowledge-informed deep learning for hydrological model calibration: an application to Coal Creek Watershed in Colorado
Leveraging gauge networks and strategic discharge measurements to aid development of continuous streamflow records
When best is the enemy of good – critical evaluation of performance criteria in hydrological models
The suitability of differentiable, physics-informed machine learning hydrologic models for ungauged regions and climate change impact assessment
Producing reliable hydrologic scenarios from raw climate model outputs without resorting to meteorological observations
Using normalised difference infrared index patterns to constrain semi-distributed rainfall–runoff models in tropical nested catchments
Revisiting the hydrological basis of the Budyko framework with the principle of hydrologically similar groups
Reconstructing five decades of sediment export from two glacierized high-alpine catchments in Tyrol, Austria, using nonparametric regression
Water and energy budgets over hydrological basins on short and long timescales
Evaluation of hydrological models on small mountainous catchments: impact of the meteorological forcings
Hydrological response to climate change and human activities in the Three-River Source Region
Incorporating experimentally derived streamflow contributions into model parameterization to improve discharge prediction
Machine-learning- and deep-learning-based streamflow prediction in a hilly catchment for future scenarios using CMIP6 GCM data
River hydraulic modeling with ICESat-2 land and water surface elevation
Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed, northern California
Hydrological modeling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool in urban and peri-urban environments: the case of Kifisos experimental subbasin (Athens, Greece)
Empirical stream thermal sensitivities cluster on the landscape according to geology and climate
Monetizing the role of water in sustaining watershed ecosystem services using a fully integrated subsurface–surface water model
Technical note: How physically based is hydrograph separation by recursive digital filtering?
A comprehensive open-source course for teaching applied hydrological modelling in Central Asia
Impact of distributed meteorological forcing on simulated snow cover and hydrological fluxes over a mid-elevation alpine micro-scale catchment
Technical note: Extending the SWAT model to transport chemicals through tile and groundwater flow
Long-term reconstruction of satellite-based precipitation, soil moisture, and snow water equivalent in China
Disentangling scatter in long-term concentration–discharge relationships: the role of event types
Simulating the hydrological impacts of land use conversion from annual crop to perennial forage in the Canadian Prairies using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform
How can we benefit from regime information to make more effective use of long short-term memory (LSTM) runoff models?
On the value of satellite remote sensing to reduce uncertainties of regional simulations of the Colorado River
Assessing runoff sensitivity of North American Prairie Pothole Region basins to wetland drainage using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach
A large-sample investigation into uncertain climate change impacts on high flows across Great Britain
Effects of passive-storage conceptualization on modeling hydrological function and isotope dynamics in the flow system of a cockpit karst landscape
Technical note: Data assimilation and autoregression for using near-real-time streamflow observations in long short-term memory networks
Attribution of climate change and human activities to streamflow variations with a posterior distribution of hydrological simulations
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 139–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How suspended sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas responds to future climate change is hardly assessable as many interacting processes are involved, and appropriate physical models are lacking. We present the first study, to our knowledge, exploring machine learning to project sediment export until 2100 in two high-alpine catchments. We find that uncertainties due to methodological limitations are small until 2070. Negative trends imply that peak sediment may have already passed.
Salam A. Abbas, Ryan T. Bailey, Jeremy T. White, Jeffrey G. Arnold, Michael J. White, Natalja Čerkasova, and Jungang Gao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research highlights.
1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds with different unique hydrologic features across the United States.
2. Presented methods for sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation for coupled models.
3. Sensitivity analysis for streamflow and groundwater head conducted using Morris method.
4. Uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation performed using an iterative ensemble smoother within the PEST framework.
Shima Azimi, Christian Massari, Giuseppe Formetta, Silvia Barbetta, Alberto Tazioli, Davide Fronzi, Sara Modanesi, Angelica Tarpanelli, and Riccardo Rigon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4485–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the water budget of nested karst catchments using simple methods and modeling. By utilizing the available data on precipitation and discharge, we were able to determine the response lag-time by adopting new techniques. Additionally, we modeled snow cover dynamics and evapotranspiration with the use of Earth observations, providing a concise overview of the water budget for the basin and its subbasins. We have made the data, models, and workflows accessible for further study.
Yuhang Zhang, Aizhong Ye, Bita Analui, Phu Nguyen, Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuolin Hsu, and Yuxuan Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4529–4550, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that while the quantile regression forest (QRF) and countable mixtures of asymmetric Laplacians long short-term memory (CMAL-LSTM) models demonstrate similar proficiency in multipoint probabilistic predictions, QRF excels in smaller watersheds and CMAL-LSTM in larger ones. CMAL-LSTM performs better in single-point deterministic predictions, whereas QRF model is more efficient overall.
Léo C. P. Martin, Sebastian Westermann, Michele Magni, Fanny Brun, Joel Fiddes, Yanbin Lei, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Tamara Mathys, Moritz Langer, Simon Allen, and Walter W. Immerzeel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4409–4436, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across the Tibetan Plateau, many large lakes have been changing level during the last decades as a response to climate change. In high-mountain environments, water fluxes from the land to the lakes are linked to the ground temperature of the land and to the energy fluxes between the ground and the atmosphere, which are modified by climate change. With a numerical model, we test how these water and energy fluxes have changed over the last decades and how they influence the lake level variations.
Diego Araya, Pablo A. Mendoza, Eduardo Muñoz-Castro, and James McPhee
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4385–4408, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4385-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dynamical systems are used by many agencies worldwide to produce seasonal streamflow forecasts, which are critical for decision-making. Such systems rely on hydrology models, which contain parameters that are typically estimated using a target performance metric (i.e., objective function). This study explores the effects of this decision across mountainous basins in Chile, illustrating tradeoffs between seasonal forecast quality and the models' capability to simulate streamflow characteristics.
Pamela E. Tetford and Joseph R. Desloges
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3977–3998, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3977-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An efficient regional flood frequency model relates drainage area to discharge, with a major assumption of similar basin conditions. In a landscape with variable glacial deposits and land use, we characterize varying hydrological function using 28 explanatory variables. We demonstrate that (1) a heterogeneous landscape requires objective model selection criteria to optimize the fit of flow data, and (2) incorporating land use as a predictor variable improves the drainage area to discharge model.
Ana Ramos Oliveira, Tiago Brito Ramos, Lígia Pinto, and Ramiro Neves
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3875–3893, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper intends to demonstrate the adequacy of a hybrid solution to overcome the difficulties related to the incorporation of human behavior when modeling hydrological processes. Two models were implemented, one to estimate the outflow of a reservoir and the other to simulate the hydrological processes of the watershed. With both models feeding each other, results show that the proposed approach significantly improved the streamflow estimation downstream of the reservoir.
Zhihua He, Kevin Shook, Christopher Spence, John W. Pomeroy, and Colin Whitfield
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3525–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the impacts of climate change on snowmelt, soil moisture, and streamflow over the Canadian Prairies. The entire prairie region was divided into seven basin types. We found strong variations of hydrological sensitivity to precipitation and temperature changes in different land covers and basins, which suggests that different water management and adaptation methods are needed to address enhanced water stress due to expected climate change in different regions of the prairies.
Nicolás Cortés-Salazar, Nicolás Vásquez, Naoki Mizukami, Pablo A. Mendoza, and Ximena Vargas
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3505–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows how important river models can be for water resource applications that involve hydrological models and, in particular, parameter calibration. To this end, we conduct numerical experiments in a pilot basin using a combination of hydrologic model simulations obtained from a large sample of parameter sets and different routing methods. We find that routing can affect streamflow simulations, even at monthly time steps; the choice of parameters; and relevant streamflow metrics.
Dung Trung Vu, Thanh Duc Dang, Francesca Pianosi, and Stefano Galelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The calibration of hydrological models over extensive spatial domains is often challenged by the lack of data on river discharge and the operations of hydraulic infrastructures. Here, we use satellite data to address the lack of data that could unintentionally bias the calibration process. Our study is underpinned by a computational framework that quantifies this bias and provides a safe approach to the calibration of models in poorly gauged and heavily regulated basins.
Francesco Fatone, Bartosz Szeląg, Przemysław Kowal, Arthur McGarity, Adam Kiczko, Grzegorz Wałek, Ewa Wojciechowska, Michał Stachura, and Nicolas Caradot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3329–3349, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3329-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel methodology for the development of a stormwater network performance simulator including advanced risk assessment was proposed. The applied tool enables the analysis of the influence of spatial variability in catchment and stormwater network characteristics on the relation between (SWMM) model parameters and specific flood volume, as an alternative approach to mechanistic models. The proposed method can be used at the stage of catchment model development and spatial planning management.
Olivier Delaigue, Pierre Brigode, Guillaume Thirel, and Laurent Coron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3293–3327, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3293-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Teaching hydrological modeling is an important, but difficult, matter. It requires appropriate tools and teaching material. In this article, we present the airGRteaching package, which is an open-source software tool relying on widely used hydrological models. This tool proposes an interface and numerous hydrological modeling exercises representing a wide range of hydrological applications. We show how this tool can be applied to simple but real-life cases.
Siyuan Wang, Markus Hrachowitz, Gerrit Schoups, and Christine Stumpp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3083–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that previously reported underestimations of water ages are most likely not due to the use of seasonally variable tracers. Rather, these underestimations can be largely attributed to the choices of model approaches which rely on assumptions not frequently met in catchment hydrology. We therefore strongly advocate avoiding the use of this model type in combination with seasonally variable tracers and instead adopting StorAge Selection (SAS)-based or comparable model formulations.
Arianna Borriero, Rohini Kumar, Tam V. Nguyen, Jan H. Fleckenstein, and Stefanie R. Lutz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2989–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2989-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the uncertainty of the water transit time distribution (TTD) arising from model input (interpolated tracer data) and structure (StorAge Selection, SAS, functions). We found that uncertainty was mainly associated with temporal interpolation, choice of SAS function, nonspatial interpolation, and low-flow conditions. It is important to characterize the specific uncertainty sources and their combined effects on TTD, as this has relevant implications for both water quantity and quality.
Yves Tramblay, Patrick Arnaud, Guillaume Artigue, Michel Lang, Emmanuel Paquet, Luc Neppel, and Eric Sauquet
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2973–2987, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean floods are causing major damage, and recent studies have shown that, despite the increase in intense rainfall, there has been no increase in river floods. This study reveals that the seasonality of floods changed in the Mediterranean Basin during 1959–2021. There was also an increased frequency of floods linked to short episodes of intense rain, associated with a decrease in soil moisture. These changes need to be taken into consideration to adapt flood warning systems.
Sungwook Wi and Scott Steinschneider
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1744, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate whether deep learning (DL) models can produce physically plausible streamflow projections under climate change. We address this question by focusing on modeled responses to increases in temperature and potential evapotranspiration and by employing 3 DL and 3 process-based hydrologic models. The results suggest that physical constraints regarding model architecture and input are necessary to promote the physical realism of deep-learning hydrologic projections under climate change.
Yanfeng Wu, Jingxuan Sun, Boting Hu, Y. Jun Xu, Alain N. Rousseau, and Guangxin Zhang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2725–2745, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reservoirs and wetlands are important regulators of watershed hydrology, which should be considered when projecting floods and droughts. We first coupled wetlands and reservoir operations into a semi-spatially-explicit hydrological model and then applied it in a case study involving a large river basin in northeast China. We found that, overall, the risk of future floods and droughts will increase further even under the combined influence of reservoirs and wetlands.
Peishi Jiang, Pin Shuai, Alexander Sun, Maruti K. Mudunuru, and Xingyuan Chen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2621–2644, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel deep learning approach to estimate the parameters of a computationally expensive hydrological model on only a few hundred realizations. Our approach leverages the knowledge obtained by data-driven analysis to guide the design of the deep learning model used for parameter estimation. We demonstrate this approach by calibrating a state-of-the-art hydrological model against streamflow and evapotranspiration observations at a snow-dominated watershed in Colorado.
Michael J. Vlah, Matthew R. V. Ross, Spencer Rhea, and Emily S. Bernhardt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1178, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1178, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Virtual stream gauging enables continuous streamflow estimation where a gauge might be difficult or impractical to install. We reconstructed flow at 27 gauges of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), informing ~199 site-months of missing data in the official record, and improving upon official estimates at 11 sites. This study shows that machine learning, but also routine regression methods, can be used to supplement existing gauge networks and reduce monitoring costs.
Guillaume Cinkus, Naomi Mazzilli, Hervé Jourde, Andreas Wunsch, Tanja Liesch, Nataša Ravbar, Zhao Chen, and Nico Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2397–2411, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2397-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2397-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) is a performance criterion extensively used to evaluate hydrological models. We conduct a critical study on the KGE and its variant to examine counterbalancing errors. Results show that, when assessing a simulation, concurrent over- and underestimation of discharge can lead to an overall higher criterion score without an associated increase in model relevance. We suggest that one carefully choose performance criteria and use scaling factors.
Dapeng Feng, Hylke Beck, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2357–2373, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2357-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Powerful hybrid models (called δ or delta models) embrace the fundamental learning capability of AI and can also explain the physical processes. Here we test their performance when applied to regions not in the training data. δ models rivaled the accuracy of state-of-the-art AI models under the data-dense scenario and even surpassed them for the data-sparse one. They generalize well due to the physical structure included. δ models could be ideal candidates for global hydrologic assessment.
Simon Ricard, Philippe Lucas-Picher, Antoine Thiboult, and François Anctil
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2375–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2375-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2375-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A simplified hydroclimatic modelling workflow is proposed to quantify the impact of climate change on water discharge without resorting to meteorological observations. Results confirm that the proposed workflow produces equivalent projections of the seasonal mean flows in comparison to a conventional hydroclimatic modelling approach. The proposed approach supports the participation of end-users in interpreting the impact of climate change on water resources.
Nutchanart Sriwongsitanon, Wasana Jandang, James Williams, Thienchart Suwawong, Ekkarin Maekan, and Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2149–2171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed predictive semi-distributed rainfall–runoff models for nested sub-catchments in the upper Ping basin, which yielded better or similar performance compared to calibrated lumped models. The normalised difference infrared index proves to be an effective proxy for distributed root zone moisture capacity over sub-catchments and is well correlated with the percentage of evergreen forest. In validation, soil moisture simulations appeared to be highly correlated with the soil wetness index.
Yuchan Chen, Xiuzhi Chen, Meimei Xue, Chuanxun Yang, Wei Zheng, Jun Cao, Wenting Yan, and Wenping Yuan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1929–1943, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1929-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1929-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the quantification and estimation of the watershed-characteristic-related parameter (Pw) in the Budyko framework with the principle of hydrologically similar groups. The results show that Pw is closely related to soil moisture and fractional vegetation cover, and the relationship varies across specific hydrologic similarity groups. The overall satisfactory performance of the Pw estimation model improves the applicability of the Budyko framework for global runoff estimation.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, Christoph Mayer, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1841–1863, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1841-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1841-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a suitable method to reconstruct sediment export from decadal records of hydroclimatic predictors (discharge, precipitation, temperature) and shorter suspended sediment measurements. This lets us fill the knowledge gap on how sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas has responded to climate change. We find positive trends in sediment export from the two investigated nested catchments with step-like increases around 1981 which are linked to crucial changes in glacier melt.
Samantha Petch, Bo Dong, Tristan Quaife, Robert P. King, and Keith Haines
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1723–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1723-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1723-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gravitational measurements of water storage from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) can improve understanding of the water budget. We produce flux estimates over large river catchments based on observations that close the monthly water budget and ensure consistency with GRACE on short and long timescales. We use energy data to provide additional constraints and balance the long-term energy budget. These flux estimates are important for evaluating climate models.
Guillaume Evin, Matthieu Le Lay, Catherine Fouchier, Alexandre Mas, François Colleoni, David Penot, Pierre-André Garambois, and Olivier Laurantin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-845, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-845, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrological modelling of mountainous catchments is challenging for many reasons, the main one being the temporal and spatial representation of precipitation forcings. This study presents an evaluation of the hydrological modelling of 55 small mountainous catchments of the Northern French Alps, focusing on the influence of the type of precipitation reanalyses used as inputs. These evaluations emphasize the added value of radar measurements, in particular for the reproduction of flood events.
Ting Su, Chiyuan Miao, Qingyun Duan, Jiaojiao Gou, Xiaoying Guo, and Xi Zhao
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1477–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Three-River Source Region (TRSR) plays an extremely important role in water resources security and ecological and environmental protection in China and even all of Southeast Asia. This study used the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) land surface hydrologic model linked with the degree-day factor algorithm to simulate the runoff change in the TRSR. These results will help to guide current and future regulation and management of water resources in the TRSR.
Andreas Hartmann, Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1325–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We advance our understanding of including information derived from environmental tracers into hydrological modeling. We present a simple approach that integrates streamflow observations and tracer-derived streamflow contributions for model parameter estimation. We consider multiple observed streamflow components and their variation over time to quantify the impact of their inclusion for streamflow prediction at the catchment scale.
Dharmaveer Singh, Manu Vardhan, Rakesh Sahu, Debrupa Chatterjee, Pankaj Chauhan, and Shiyin Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1047–1075, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1047-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1047-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines, for the first time, the potential of various machine learning models in streamflow prediction over the Sutlej River basin (rainfall-dominated zone) in western Himalaya during the period 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s) and its relationship to climate variability. The mean ensemble of the model results shows that the mean annual streamflow of the Sutlej River is expected to rise between the 2050s and 2080s by 0.79 to 1.43 % for SSP585 and by 0.87 to 1.10 % for SSP245.
Monica Coppo Frias, Suxia Liu, Xingguo Mo, Karina Nielsen, Heidi Ranndal, Liguang Jiang, Jun Ma, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1011–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper uses remote sensing data from ICESat-2 to calibrate a 1D hydraulic model. With the model, we can make estimations of discharge and water surface elevation, which are important indicators in flooding risk assessment. ICESat-2 data give an added value, thanks to the 0.7 m resolution, which allows the measurement of narrow river streams. In addition, ICESat-2 provides measurements on the river dry portion geometry that can be included in the model.
Claire Marie Kouba and Thomas Harter
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-41, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
In some watersheds, the severity of the dry season has a large impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we design a way to predict, about 5 months in advance, how severe the dry season will be in a rural watershed in northern California. This early warning can support seasonal adaptive management. To predict these two values, we assess data about snow, rain, groundwater, and river flows. We find that maximum snowpack and total wet season rainfall best predict dry season severity.
Evgenia Koltsida, Nikos Mamassis, and Andreas Kallioras
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 917–931, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-917-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Daily and hourly rainfall observations were inputted to a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal resolution on a discharge simulation. Results indicated that groundwater flow parameters were more sensitive to daily time intervals, and channel routing parameters were more influential for hourly time intervals. This study suggests that the SWAT model appears to be a reliable tool to predict discharge in a mixed-land-use basin.
Lillian M. McGill, E. Ashley Steel, and Aimee H. Fullerton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-428, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-428, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
This study used the relationship between river water and air temperature to understand processes causing stream warming and predict how streams might respond to future climate warming. We found that the air-water relationship was diverse across sites and controlled largely by geology and snowmelt. Our findings can be used to inform strategies for river basin restoration and conservation, such as identifying climate insensitive areas of the basin that should be preserved and protected.
Tariq Aziz, Steven K. Frey, David R. Lapen, Susan Preston, Hazen A. J. Russell, Omar Khader, Andre R. Erler, and Edward A. Sudicky
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2023-25, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
The study determines the value of water towards ecosystem services production in an agricultural watershed in Ontario, Canada. It uses a computer model and an economic valuation approach to determine how subsurface and surface water affect ecosystem services supply. The results show that subsurface water plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem services. The study informs on the sustainable use of subsurface water and introduces a new method for managing watershed ecosystem services.
Klaus Eckhardt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 495–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-495-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-495-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An important hydrological issue is to identify components of streamflow that react to precipitation with different degrees of attenuation and delay. From the multitude of methods that have been developed for this so-called hydrograph separation, a specific, frequently used one is singled out here. It is shown to be derived from plausible physical principles. This increases confidence in its results.
Beatrice Sabine Marti, Aidar Zhumabaev, and Tobias Siegfried
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 319–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-319-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-319-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical modelling is often used for climate impact studies in water resources management. It is, however, not yet highly accessible to many students of hydrology in Central Asia. One big hurdle for new learners is the preparation of relevant data prior to the actual modelling. We present a robust, open-source workflow and comprehensive teaching material that can be used by teachers and by students for self study.
Aniket Gupta, Alix Reverdy, Jean-Martial Cohard, Basile Hector, Marc Descloitres, Jean-Pierre Vandervaere, Catherine Coulaud, Romain Biron, Lucie Liger, Reed Maxwell, Jean-Gabriel Valay, and Didier Voisin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 191–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-191-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Patchy snow cover during spring impacts mountainous ecosystems on a large range of spatio-temporal scales. A hydrological model simulated such snow patchiness at 10 m resolution. Slope and orientation controls precipitation, radiation, and wind generate differences in snowmelt, subsurface storage, streamflow, and evapotranspiration. The snow patchiness increases the duration of the snowmelt to stream and subsurface storage, which sustains the plants and streamflow later in the summer.
Hendrik Rathjens, Jens Kiesel, Michael Winchell, Jeffrey Arnold, and Robin Sur
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 159–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-159-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-159-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The SWAT model can simulate the transport of water-soluble chemicals through the landscape but neglects the transport through groundwater or agricultural tile drains. These transport pathways are, however, important to assess the amount of chemicals in streams. We added this capability to the model, which significantly improved the simulation. The representation of all transport pathways in the model enables watershed managers to develop robust strategies for reducing chemicals in streams.
Wencong Yang, Hanbo Yang, Changming Li, Taihua Wang, Ziwei Liu, Qingfang Hu, and Dawen Yang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6427–6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6427-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6427-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a daily 0.1° dataset of precipitation, soil moisture, and snow water equivalent in 1981–2017 across China via reconstructions. The dataset used global background data and local on-site data as forcing input and satellite-based data as reconstruction benchmarks. This long-term high-resolution national hydrological dataset is valuable for national investigations of hydrological processes.
Felipe A. Saavedra, Andreas Musolff, Jana von Freyberg, Ralf Merz, Stefano Basso, and Larisa Tarasova
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6227–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate contamination of rivers from agricultural sources is a challenge for water quality management. During runoff events, different transport paths within the catchment might be activated, generating a variety of responses in nitrate concentration in stream water. Using nitrate samples from 184 German catchments and a runoff event classification, we show that hydrologic connectivity during runoff events is a key control of nitrate transport from catchments to streams in our study domain.
Marcos R. C. Cordeiro, Kang Liang, Henry F. Wilson, Jason Vanrobaeys, David A. Lobb, Xing Fang, and John W. Pomeroy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5917–5931, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the issue of increasing interest in the hydrological impacts of converting cropland to perennial forage cover in the Canadian Prairies. By developing customized models using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling (CRHM) platform, this long-term (1992–2013) modelling study is expected to provide stakeholders with science-based information regarding the hydrological impacts of land use conversion from annual crop to perennial forage cover in the Canadian Prairies.
Reyhaneh Hashemi, Pierre Brigode, Pierre-André Garambois, and Pierre Javelle
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5793–5816, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5793-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrologists have long dreamed of a tool that could adequately predict runoff in catchments. Data-driven long short-term memory (LSTM) models appear very promising to the hydrology community in this respect. Here, we have sought to benefit from traditional practices in hydrology to improve the effectiveness of LSTM models. We discovered that one LSTM parameter has a hydrologic interpretation and that there is a need to increase the data and to tune two parameters, thereby improving predictions.
Mu Xiao, Giuseppe Mascaro, Zhaocheng Wang, Kristen M. Whitney, and Enrique R. Vivoni
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5627–5646, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5627-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5627-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the major water resource in the southwestern United States, the Colorado River is experiencing decreases in naturalized streamflow and is predicted to face severe challenges under future climate scenarios. Here, we demonstrate the value of Earth observing satellites to improve and build confidence in the spatiotemporal simulations from regional hydrologic models for assessing the sensitivity of the Colorado River to climate change and supporting regional water managers.
Christopher Spence, Zhihua He, Kevin R. Shook, John W. Pomeroy, Colin J. Whitfield, and Jared D. Wolfe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5555–5575, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5555-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5555-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We learnt how streamflow from small creeks could be altered by wetland removal in the Canadian Prairies, where this practice is pervasive. Every creek basin in the region was placed into one of seven groups. We selected one of these groups and used its traits to simulate streamflow. The model worked well enough so that we could trust the results even if we removed the wetlands. Wetland removal did not change low flow amounts very much, but it doubled high flow and tripled average flow.
Rosanna A. Lane, Gemma Coxon, Jim Freer, Jan Seibert, and Thorsten Wagener
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5535–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study modelled the impact of climate change on river high flows across Great Britain (GB). Generally, results indicated an increase in the magnitude and frequency of high flows along the west coast of GB by 2050–2075. In contrast, average flows decreased across GB. All flow projections contained large uncertainties; the climate projections were the largest source of uncertainty overall but hydrological modelling uncertainties were considerable in some regions.
Guangxuan Li, Xi Chen, Zhicai Zhang, Lichun Wang, and Chris Soulsby
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5515–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a coupled flow–tracer model to understand the effects of passive storage on modeling hydrological function and isotope dynamics in a karst flow system. Models with passive storages show improvement in matching isotope dynamics performance, and the improved performance also strongly depends on the number and location of passive storages. Our results also suggested that the solute transport is primarily controlled by advection and hydrodynamic dispersion in the steep hillslope unit.
Grey S. Nearing, Daniel Klotz, Jonathan M. Frame, Martin Gauch, Oren Gilon, Frederik Kratzert, Alden Keefe Sampson, Guy Shalev, and Sella Nevo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5493–5513, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When designing flood forecasting models, it is necessary to use all available data to achieve the most accurate predictions possible. This manuscript explores two basic ways of ingesting near-real-time streamflow data into machine learning streamflow models. The point we want to make is that when working in the context of machine learning (instead of traditional hydrology models that are based on
bio-geophysics), it is not necessary to use complex statistical methods for injecting sparse data.
Xiongpeng Tang, Guobin Fu, Silong Zhang, Chao Gao, Guoqing Wang, Zhenxin Bao, Yanli Liu, Cuishan Liu, and Junliang Jin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5315–5339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we proposed a new framework that considered the uncertainties of model simulations in quantifying the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to streamflow changes. Then, the Lancang River basin was selected for the case study. The results of quantitative analysis using the new framework showed that the reason for the decrease in the streamflow at Yunjinghong station was mainly human activities.
Cited articles
Abbaspour, K. C., Vejdani, M., and Haghighat, S.: SWAT-CUP calibration and
uncertainty programs for SWAT, in: Modsim 2007 International Congress on
Modelling and Simulation Land Water and Environmental Management Integrated
Systems for Sustainability, Christchurch, New Zealand, 10–13 December 2007,
1603–1609, 2007.
Adams III, T. E. and Pagano, T. C.: Flood Forecasting: A Global Perspective,
in: Flood Forecasting, Academic Press, Boston, USA, xxiii–xlix, 2016.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R.: Large
area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: model development, JAWRA, 34,
91–101, 1998.
Baker, T. J. and Miller, S. N.: Using the Soil and Water Assessment
Tool (SWAT) to assess land use impact on water resources in an East African
watershed, J. Hydrol., 486, 100–111, 2013.
Bartholomé, E. and Belward, A. S.: GLC2000: a new approach to global
land cover mapping from Earth observation data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 26, 1959–1977, 2005.
Berthet, L., Andréassian, V., Perrin, C., and Javelle, P.: How crucial is it
to account for the antecedent moisture conditions in flood forecasting?
Comparison of event-based and continuous approaches on 178 catchments,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 819–831,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-819-2009, 2009.
Beven, K. J., Kirkby, M. J., Schofield, N., and Tagg, A. F.: Testing a
physically-based flood forecasting model (TOPMODEL) for three U.K.
catchments, J. Hydrol., 69, 119–143, 1984.
Bhunya, P. K., Berndtsson, R., Ojha, C. S. P., and Mishra, S. K.: Suitability
of Gamma, Chi-square, Weibull, and Beta distributions as synthetic unit
hydrographs, J. Hydrol., 334, 28–38, 2007.
Bondelid, T. R., Mccuen, R. H., and Jackson, T. J.: Sensitivity of SCS Models
to Curve Number Variation, JAWRA, 18, 111–116, 2010.
Cho, J., Bosch, D., Lowrance, R., Strickland, T., and Vellidis, G.: Effect of
spatial distribution of rainfall on temporal and spatial uncertainty of SWAT
output, T. ASABE, 52, 277–281, 2009.
Cibin, R., Sudheer, K., and Chaubey, I.: Sensitivity and identifiability of
stream flow generation parameters of the SWAT model, Hydrol. Process., 24,
1133–1148, 2010.
Consortium for Spatial Information: DEM data, available at:
http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/, last access: 5 January
2017.
Cooper, V. A., Nguyen, V. T. V., and Nicell, J. A.: Evaluation of global
optimization methods for conceptual rainfall-runoff model calibration,
Water Sci. Technol., 36, 53–60, 1997.
Coustau, M., Bouvier, C., Borrell-Estupina, V., and Jourde, H.: Flood
modelling with a distributed event-based parsimonious rainfall-runoff model:
case of the karstic Lez river catchment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12,
1119–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1119-2012, 2012.
Cox, N. J.: Speaking Stata: Creating and varying box plots, Stata J., 9,
478–496, 2009.
Dechmi, F., Burguete, J., and Skhiri, A.: SWAT application in intensive
irrigation systems: Model modification, calibration and validation, J.
Hydrol., 470–471, 227–238, 2012.
Doocy, S., Daniels, A., Murray, S., and Kirsch, T. D.: The Human Impact of
Floods: a Historical Review of Events 1980–2009 and Systematic Literature
Review, Plos Curr., 5, 1808–1815, 2013.
Duan, Q., Soroosh, S., and Vijai, G.: Effective and efficient global
optimization for conceptual rainfall-runoff models, Water Resour. Res., 28,
1015–1031, 1992.
FAO, IIASA, ISRIC, and ISSCAS: Harmonized World Soil Database Version 1.2,
Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome, Italy, and International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 2012.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): HWSD soil data, available at:
http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/,
last access: 15 January 2017.
Gan, T. Y. and Biftu, G. F.: Automatic Calibration of Conceptual
Rainfall-Runoff Models: Optimization Algorithms, Catchment Conditions, and
Model Structure, Water Resour. Res., 32, 3513–3524, 1996.
Glavan, M., Ceglar, A., and Pintar, M.: Assessing the impacts of climate
change on water quantity and quality modelling in small Slovenian
Mediterranean catchment – lesson for policy and decision makers, Hydrol.
Process., 29, 3124–3144, 2015.
Griensven, A. V., Meixner, T., Grunwald, S., Bishop, T., Diluzio, M., and
Srinivasan, R.: A global sensitivity analysis tool for the parameters of
multi-variable catchment models, J. Hydrol., 324, 10–23, 2006.
Grillakis, M. G., Tsanis, I. K., and Koutroulis, A. G.: Application of the
HBV hydrological model in a flash flood case in Slovenia, Nat. Hazards Earth
Syst. Sci., 10, 2713–2725, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2713-2010, 2010.
Guan, M., Wright, N. G., and Andrew Sleigh, P.: Multiple effects of sediment
transport and geomorphic processes within flood events: Modelling and
understanding, Int. J. Sediment Res., 30, 371–381,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2014.12.001, 2015.
Guo, L., He, B., Ma, M., Chang, Q., Li, Q., Zhang, K., and Hong, Y.: A
comprehensive flash flood defense system in China: overview, achievements,
and outlook, Nat. Hazards, 1–14, 2018.
Gupta, H. V., Sorooshian, S., and Yapo, P. O.: Status of Automatic
Calibration for Hydrologic Models: Comparison With Multilevel Expert
Calibration, J. Hydrol. Eng., 4, 135–143, 1999.
Haggstrom, M., Lindstrom, G., Cobos, C., Martínez, J. R., Merlos, L.,
Dimas Alonso, R., Castillo, G., Sirias, C., Miranda, D., and Granados, J.:
Application of the HBV model for flood forescasting in six Central American
Rivers, Smhi Hydrol., 27, 1–13, 1990.
Hapuarachchi, H. A. P., Wang, Q. J., and Pagano, T. C.: A review of advances
in flash flood forecasting, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2771–2784, 2011.
Holvoet, K., Griensven, A. V., Seuntjens, P., and Vanrolleghem, P. A.:
Sensitivity analysis for hydrology and pesticide supply towards the river in
SWAT, Phys. Chem. Earth, 30, 518–526, 2005.
Hughes, D. A.: Regionalization of models for operational purposes in
developing countries: an introduction, Hydrol. Res., 42, 331–337, 2011.
Jena, S. K. and Tiwari, K. N.: Modeling synthetic unit hydrograph parameters
with geomorphologic parameters of watersheds, J. Hydrol., 319, 1–14, 2006.
Jeng, R. I. and Coon, G. C.: True Form of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph of
Linear Reservoirs, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 129, 11–17, 2003.
Jeong, J., Kannan, N., Arnold, J., Glick, R., Gosselink, L., and Srinivasan,
R.: Development and Integration of Sub-hourly RainfallRunoff Modeling
Capability Within a Watershed Model, Water Resour. Manage., 24, 4505–4527,
2010.
Jeong, J., Kannan, N., Arnold, J. G., Glick, R., Gosselink, L., Srinivasan,
R., and Harmel, R. D.: Development of sub-daily erosion and sediment
transport algorithms for SWAT, T. ASABE, 54, 1685–1691, 2011.
Jeon, J. H., Park, C. G., and Engel, B. A.: Comparison of Performance between
Genetic Algorithm and SCE-UA for Calibration of SCS-CN Surface Runoff
Simulation, Water, 6, 3433–3456, 2014.
Jiang, X. F., Wang, L., Fang, M. A., Hai-Qiang, L. I., Zhang, S. J., and
Liang, X. W.: Localization Method for SWAT Model Soil Database Based on HWSD,
China Water & Wastewater, 30, 135–138, 2014.
Khaleghi, M. R., Gholami, V., Ghodusi, J., and Hosseini, H.: Efficiency of
the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph method in flood hydrograph
simulation, Catena, 87, 163–171, 2011.
King, K., Arnold, J., and Bingner, R.: Comparisonof Green-Ampt and curve
number methods on Goodwin creek watershed using SWAT, T. ASAE, 42, 919–926,
1999.
Kobold, M. and Brilly, M.: The use of HBV model for flash flood forecasting,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 407–417,
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-407-2006, 2006.
Kuczera, G.: Efficient subspace probabilistic parameter optimization for
catchment models, Water Resour. Res., 33, 177–185, 1997.
Luce, C. H. and Cundy, T. W.: Parameter Identification for a Runoff Model for
Forest Roads, Water Resour. Res., 30, 1057–1070, 1994.
Maidment, D. R.: Handbook of hydrology, Earth-Sci. Rev., 24, 227–229, 1994.
Maneta, M. P., Pasternack, G. B., Wallender, W. W., Jetten,
V., and Schnabel, S.: Temporal instability of parameters in an event-based
distributed hydrologic model applied to a small semiarid catchment, J.
Hydrol., 341, 207–221, 2007.
Massart, D. L., Smeyers-Verbeke, J., Capron, X., and Schlesier, K.: Visual
presentation of data by means of box plots, Lc Gc Europe, 18, 215–218, 2005.
Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R.
D., and Veith, T. L.: Model evaluation guidelines for systematic
quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations, T. ASABE, 50, 885–900,
2007.
MWR: Standard for Hydrological Information and Hydrological Forecasting (GB/T
22482-2008), Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China,
Standards Press of China, Beijing, 2008 (in Chinese).
Nalbantis, I.: Use of multiple-time-step information in rainfall-runoff
modelling, J. Hydrol., 165, 135–159,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02567-U, 1995.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290, 1970.
National Centers for Environmental Prediction: Global weather data, available
at: https://globalweather.tamu.edu/, last access: 15 January
2017.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., Srinivasan, R., and Williams,
J. R.: Soil and Water Assessment Tool Input/output File Documentation:
Version 2009, Texas Water Resources Institute Technical Report 365, Texas
Water Resources Institute, Texas, USA, 2011.
Pathiraja, S., Westra, S., and Sharma, A.: Why continuous simulation? The
role of antecedent moisture in design flood estimation, Water Resour. Res.,
48, 6534, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010997, 2012.
Qiu, L., Wu, Y., Wang, L., Lei, X., Liao, W., Hui, Y., and Meng, X.:
Spatiotemporal response of the water cycle to land use conversions in a
typical hilly–gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China, Hydrol. Earth Syst.
Sci., 21, 6485–6499, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6485-2017, 2017.
Ramly, S. and Tahir, W.: Application of HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS as
Rainfall–Runoff Model for Flood Simulation, ISFRAM 2015, Singapore,
181–192, 2016.
Rodrã-Guez-Blanco, M. L., Taboada-Castro, M. M., and Taboada-Castro, M.
T.: Rainfall–runoff response and event-based runoff
coefficients in a humid area (northwest Spain), Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrol.
Bull., 57, 445–459, 2012.
Roth, V. and Lemann, T.: Comparing CFSR and conventional weather data for
discharge and soil loss modelling with SWAT in small catchments in the
Ethiopian Highlands, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 921–934,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-921-2016, 2016.
Sangrey, D. A.: Predicting ground-water response to precipitation, J.
Geotech. Eng., 110, 957–975, 1984.
SCS: National engineering handbook, section 4, hydrology, US Department of
Agriculture, SCS, Washington, DC, USA, 640 pp., 1972.
Seo, M., Yen, H., Kim, M. K., and Jeong, J.: Transferability of SWAT Models
between SWAT2009 and SWAT2012, J. Environ. Qual., 43, 869–880, 2014.
Sherman, L.: Stream Flow from Rainfall by the Unit-Graph Method, Eng.
News-Rec., 108, 501–505, 1932.
Singh, J., Knapp, H. V., Arnold, J. G., and Demissie, M.: Hydrological
modeling of the Iroquois River watershed using HSPF and SWAT, JAWRA, 41,
343–360, 2005.
Sorooshian, S., Duan, Q., and Gupta, V. K.: Calibration of rainfall-runoff
models: Application of global optimization to the Sacramento Soil Moisture
Accounting Model, Water Resour. Res., 29, 1185–1194, 1993.
Sudheer, K. P., Lakshmi, G., and Chaubey, I.: Application of a pseudo
simulator to evaluate the sensitivity of parameters in complex watershed
models, Environ. Model. Softw., 26, 135–143,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.07.007, 2011.
Thiessen, A. H.: Precipitation averages for large areas, Mon. Weather Rev.,
39, 1082–1084, 1911.
Thyer, M., Kuczera, G., and Bates, B. C.: Probabilistic optimization for
conceptual rainfall-runoff models: A comparison of the shuffled complex
evolution and simulated annealing algorithms, Water Resour. Res., 35,
767–773, 1999.
Tramblay, Y., Bouaicha, R., Brocca, L., Dorigo, W., Bouvier, C., Camici, S.,
and Servat, E.: Estimation of antecedent wetness conditions for flood
modelling in northern Morocco, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4375–4386,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4375-2012, 2012.
University of Maryland: Land use data (GLC2000), available at:
http://www.landcover.org/, last access: 7 January 2017.
USDA Agricultural Research Service and Texas A&M AgriLife Research: SWAT
code, available at: http://swat.tamu.edu/, last access: 16 March
2016.
Werritty, A., Houston, D., Ball, T., Tavendale, A., and Black, A.: Exploring
the Social Impacts of Flood Risk and Flooding in Scotland, Report to the
Scottish Executive, School of Social Sciences-Geography, University of
Dundee, Dundee, UK, 2007.
Wu, H., Adler, R. F., Tian, Y., Huffman, G. J., Li, H., and Wang, J. J.:
Real-time global flood estimation using satellite-based precipitation and a
coupled land surface and routing model, Water Resour. Res., 50, 2693–2717,
2014.
Yan, B., Fang, N. F., Zhang, P. C., and Shi, Z. H.: Impacts of land use
change on watershed streamflow and sediment yield: An assessment using
hydrologic modelling and partial least squares regression, J. Hydrol., 484,
26–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.008, 2013.
Yang, D., Herath, S., and Musiake, K.: Spatial resolution sensitivity of
catchment geomorphologic properties and the effect on hydrological
simulation, Hydrol. Process., 15, 2085–2099, 2001.
Yang, D., Koike, T., and Tanizawa, H.: Application of a distributed
hydrological model and weather radar observations for flood management in the
upper Tone River of Japan, Hydrol. Process., 18, 3119–3132, 2004.
Yao, C., Zhang, K., Yu, Z., Li, Z., and Li, Q.: Improving the flood
prediction capability of the Xinanjiang model in ungauged nested catchments
by coupling it with the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph, J.
Hydrol., 517, 1035–1048, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.037,
2014a.
Yao, C., Zhang, K., Yu, Z., Li, Z., and Li, Q.: Improving the flood
prediction capability of the Xinanjiang model in ungauged nested catchments
by coupling it with the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph, J.
Hydrol., 517, 1035–1048, 2014b.
Yao, H., Hashino, M., Terakawa, A., and Suzuki, T.: Comparison of distributed
and lumped hydrological models, Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B, 42, 163–168,
1998.
Yigzaw, W. Y. and Hossain, F.: Impact of Artificial Reservoir Size and Land
Use Land Cover on Probable Maximum Flood: The case of Folsom Dam on American
River, J. Hydrol. Eng., 18, 1180–1190, 2012.
Yu, D., Xie, P., Dong, X., Su, B., Hu, X., Wang, K., and Xu, S.: The
development of land use planning scenarios based on land suitability and its
influences on eco-hydrological responses in the upstream of the Huaihe River
basin, Ecol. Model., 373, 53–67, 2018.
Zhang, J., Zhou, C., Xu, K., and Watanabe, M.: Flood disaster monitoring and
evaluation in China, Global Environ. Chang., 4, 33–43, 2002.
Zhao, L. N., Tian, F. Y., Wu, H., Qi, D., Di, J. Y., and Wang, Z.:
Verification and comparison of probabilistic precipitation forecasts using
the TIGGE data in the upriver of Huaihe Basin, Adv. Geosci., 29, 95–102,
2011.
Zuo, Z., Wang, X., Luo, W., Wang, F., and Guo, S.: Characteristics on Aquifer
of the Quaternary system in Huai River Basin (Henan Section), Ground Water,
28, 25–27, 2006.